Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for peanuts

Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut water and fertilizer integrated planting method which comprises the following steps: soil preparation: selecting a soil plot which is flat in terrain, good in drainage, deep in soil layer, fertile and loose and one hundred mu for planting, performing deep ploughing and deep plowing on the plot, finely crushing soil, removing obstacles such as weeds, stones and the like, and performing water and fertilizer integrated planting; thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizer; in the peanut water and fertilizer integrated planting process, the first fermentation fertilizer and the second fermentation fertilizer are used for fertilization treatment in the peanut planting process, the raw material cost of the first fermentation fertilizer and the second fermentation fertilizer is low, the raw material cost is reduced, the chemical fertilizer purchase cost is reduced, and meanwhile the first fermentation fertilizer and the second fermentation fertilizer are derived from natural organic matter and do not contain toxic and harmful substances; the application of the fertilizer can reduce the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting, and in particular to a peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method. Background Art

[0002] The integrated water-fertilizer planting method of peanuts is a modern agricultural technology that organically combines the two major links of irrigation and fertilization, and directly transports water and nutrients to the roots of peanuts through a specific irrigation system to achieve precise supply.

[0003] The existing integrated water-fertilizer planting of peanuts mostly uses a combination of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers when fertilizing peanuts. The existing fertilizer prices are usually high, and long-term and large-scale use of fertilizers can easily lead to soil structure damage and environmental pollution.

[0004] Therefore, we proposed a peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method.

[0006] A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: Preparation before planting:

[0008] A: Soil preparation: Choose a 100-mu loam plot with flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil, fertile and loose soil for planting, and deep plow the plot to a depth of 30-35cm, break up the soil, remove obstacles such as weeds and stones, and apply 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer;

[0009] B: Ridge mulching: The ridge width is generally 75-85 cm, the ridge height is 12-18 cm, and the ridge spacing is 30-35 cm. Use polyethylene mulch with good spreading properties for covering, and lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of two rows on each ridge without deviation. Before or after ridge formation, evenly spread fertilizer in the ridge ditch or on the ridge surface, and then turn it into the soil;

[0010] S2: Sowing: Select peanut varieties from the Yuhua series and use a peanut film seeder for mechanical sowing. The sowing depth is generally 3-5 cm, and 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole;

[0011] S3: Irrigation system construction:

[0012] A: Irrigation method: drip irrigation system;

[0013] B: System composition: It is mainly composed of water source, header hub, water distribution network and dripper. The header hub includes water pump, fertilizer device, filter, etc.; the water distribution network includes main pipeline, branch pipeline and drip irrigation belt;

[0014] C: Fertilizer and filter: Install the fertilizer device in the head hub and the filter in the head hub;

[0015] S4: Construction of soil moisture monitoring equipment: Insert soil moisture sensors into the soil near the peanut planting rows and dig a pit with a depth of 30-40m. Insert the sensor horizontally into the pit and keep it in close contact with the soil. Then fill and compact the pit. Set a soil moisture sensor every 50-100m and connect the soil moisture sensor to the drip irrigation system.

[0016] S5: Construction of soil nutrient detector: Set up a sampling point every 50-70m, collect soil samples near the sampling point once a week, and use the soil nutrient detector to measure;

[0017] S6: Plant growth monitor construction: directly insert the plant growth monitor into the soil near the peanuts, and insert a plant growth monitor every 70-100 holes;

[0018] S7: Water quality detector construction: Set up water quality detectors in the irrigation system;

[0019] S8: Irrigation and fertilization management:

[0020] A: Irrigation management: Irrigation should be carried out after sowing, at the beginning of flowering, at the pod-setting stage, at the fruit-filling stage, or when the peanut plants show drought symptoms. The irrigation pressure should be 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the irrigation time should be 1-2 hours. The appropriate amount of water for each irrigation should be 10-15 mm. Avoid irrigation during the hot weather at noon when the sun is strong, and avoid using low-temperature deep well water.

[0021] B: Fertilization management: Drip irrigation is carried out during the flowering and needle stage, the middle stage of pod setting and the early stage of fruiting. The fertilizer is dissolved and mixed with water, and then directly transported to the roots of peanuts through the drip irrigation system;

[0022] S9: Field management:

[0023] A: Weeding and pest control: remove weeds in the field by chemical weeding or manual weeding;

[0024] B: Soil cultivation and drainage: Soil cultivation is carried out in the middle and late stages of peanut growth to promote the penetration of fruit needles into the soil and the development of pods, and drainage facilities are constructed in the field.

[0025] Preferably, in S3, the main pipeline adopts a PE water transfer soft belt with a diameter of 63mm or 75mm, the drip irrigation capillary tube adopts a patch-type drip irrigation belt with a drip hole spacing of 20cm or 30cm, and a single water supply drip irrigation capillary tube supplies water for 50-70m.

[0026] Preferably, in S8, before fertilizing, drip irrigation is performed for 20-30 minutes to soak the soil, and then the valve of the fertilizer storage device is opened to allow the fertilizer solution and irrigation water to drip around the peanut root system along with the drip irrigation system, and after fertilizing, irrigation is continued for 20-30 minutes to flush the residual fertilizer in the pipe.

[0027] Preferably, in S5, when collecting soil, it is necessary to randomly select multiple points from the soil surface to about 30 cm for sampling.

[0028] Preferably, in S1, the width of the polyethylene ground film is selected to be 80-90 cm, the thickness of the polyethylene ground film is selected to be 0.004-0.006 mm, and the transparency of the polyethylene ground film is selected to be 80%-100%.

[0029] Preferably, in S8, the fertilizer is prepared from a first fermented fertilizer and a second fermented fertilizer, the first fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut shells, garlic peels, apple peels, orange peels, dragon fruit peels, rice washing water, expired milk, and EM bacteria, and the second fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut residue, sawdust, pig manure, brown sugar, and EM bacteria.

[0030] Preferably, the preparation method of the first fermented fertilizer is as follows: the processed peanut shells, garlic skins and peels are mixed evenly, put into a fermentation container, and rice washing water, expired milk and EM bacteria are added in sequence, the container is sealed, and placed in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation, and the fermentation process needs to be stirred regularly, 1-2 times a week, and the pH value is measured after the fermentation is completed to ensure that the pH value is between 6.0-7.5. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, lime and wood ash are added to neutralize the acidic substances, and during the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20-40°C, and the fermentation humidity is 50%-60%;

[0031] The preparation method of the second fermented fertilizer is as follows: the peanut residue is wetted, mixed evenly with sawdust, and then pig manure, brown sugar and EM bacteria are added in sequence, and then placed in a fermentation barrel, sealed and placed in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation. During the fermentation process, it is necessary to stir regularly, 1-2 times a week. After the fermentation is completed, its pH value is measured to ensure that its pH value is between 6.0-7.5. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, lime and wood ash are added to neutralize the acidic substances. During the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20-40°C and the fermentation humidity is 50%-60%.

[0032] Preferably, in S1, the film is spread out and laid flat on the ridge surface, and the edge of the film is compacted with soil blocks or a special film pressing tool to prevent wind and weeds from penetrating.

[0033] Preferably, in S1, when peanuts are planted, the fertilizer applied before or after ridge forming is prepared from 1500-2000 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1500-1800 parts of decomposed pig manure, 50-60 parts of calcium phosphate, 15-20 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of calcium, 6-9 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound, and 1-5 parts of iron.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] During the integrated water-fertilizer planting process of peanuts, the first fermented fertilizer and the second fermented fertilizer are used for fertilizing the peanuts. The raw material costs of the first fermented fertilizer and the second fermented fertilizer are low, which reduces the raw material costs and the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizers. At the same time, the first fermented fertilizer and the second fermented fertilizer are derived from natural organic matter and do not contain toxic and harmful substances. Their application can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1: Preparation before planting:

[0040] A: Soil preparation: Choose a 100-mu loam plot with flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil, fertile and loose soil for planting, and deep plow the plot to a depth of 30cm, break up the soil, remove obstacles such as weeds and stones, and apply 2,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer;

[0041] B: Ridge mulching: The ridge width is generally 75 cm, the ridge height is 12 cm, and the ridge spacing is 30-35 cm. Use polyethylene mulch with good spreading properties for covering, and lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of two rows on each ridge without deviation. Before or after ridge formation, evenly spread fertilizer in the ridge ditch or on the ridge surface, and then turn it into the soil;

[0042] S2: Sowing: Select peanut varieties from the Yuhua series and use a peanut film seeder for mechanical sowing. The sowing depth is generally 3 cm, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole;

[0043] S3: Irrigation system construction:

[0044] A: Irrigation method: drip irrigation system;

[0045] B: System composition: It is mainly composed of water source, header hub, water distribution network and dripper. The header hub includes water pump, fertilizer device, filter, etc.; the water distribution network includes main pipeline, branch pipeline and drip irrigation belt;

[0046] C: Fertilizer and filter: Install the fertilizer device in the head hub and the filter in the head hub;

[0047] S4: Construction of soil moisture monitoring equipment: Insert soil moisture sensors into the soil near the peanut planting rows and dig a pit with a depth of 30m. Insert the sensor horizontally into the pit and keep it in close contact with the soil. Then fill and compact the pit. Set a soil moisture sensor every 50m and connect the soil moisture sensor to the drip irrigation system.

[0048] S5: Construction of soil nutrient detector: Set up a sampling point every 50m, collect soil samples near the sampling point once a week, and use the soil nutrient detector to measure;

[0049] S6: Construction of plant growth monitors: Plant growth monitors are directly inserted into the soil near peanuts, and one plant growth monitor is inserted every 70 holes;

[0050] S7: Water quality detector construction: Set up water quality detectors in the irrigation system;

[0051] S8: Irrigation and fertilization management:

[0052] A: Irrigation management: Irrigation should be carried out after sowing, at the beginning of flowering, at the pod-setting stage, at the fruit-full stage, or when the peanut plants show drought symptoms. The irrigation pressure should be 0.1 MPa, the irrigation time should be 1 hour, and the appropriate amount of water should be 10 mm each time. Avoid irrigation during the hot weather at noon when the sun is strong, and avoid using low-temperature deep well water.

[0053] B: Fertilization management: Drip irrigation is carried out during the flowering and needle stage, the middle stage of pod setting and the early stage of fruiting. The fertilizer is dissolved and mixed with water, and then directly transported to the roots of peanuts through the drip irrigation system;

[0054] S9: Field management:

[0055] A: Weeding and pest control: remove weeds in the field by chemical weeding or manual weeding;

[0056] B: Soil cultivation and drainage: Soil cultivation is carried out in the middle and late stages of peanut growth to promote the penetration of fruit needles into the soil and the development of pods, and drainage facilities are constructed in the field.

[0057] In S3, the main pipeline uses a 63mm diameter PE water transfer soft belt, and the drip irrigation capillary uses a patch-type drip irrigation belt with a drip hole spacing of 20cm, and a single water supply drip irrigation capillary tube supplies water for 50m.

[0058] In S8, before fertilization, drip irrigation is performed for 20-30 minutes to soak the soil, and then the valve of the fertilizer storage device is opened to allow the fertilizer solution and irrigation water to drip around the peanut root system along with the drip irrigation system. After fertilization, irrigation is continued for 20 minutes to flush the residual fertilizer in the pipe.

[0059] In S5, when collecting soil, it is necessary to randomly select multiple points from the soil surface to about 30 cm for sampling.

[0060] In S1, the width of the polyethylene mulch is selected to be 80 cm, the thickness of the polyethylene mulch is selected to be 0.004 mm, and the transparency of the polyethylene mulch is selected to be 80%.

[0061] In S8, the fertilizer is prepared from a first fermented fertilizer and a second fermented fertilizer. The first fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut shells, garlic peels, apple peels, orange peels, dragon fruit peels, rice washing water, expired milk, and EM bacteria. The second fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut residue, sawdust, pig manure, brown sugar, and EM bacteria.

[0062] The first method for preparing fermented fertilizer is as follows: the processed peanut shells, garlic skins and peels are mixed evenly, put into a fermentation container, and rice washing water, expired milk and EM bacteria are added in sequence, the container is sealed, and placed in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation, and the mixture needs to be stirred regularly during the fermentation process, once a week, and the pH value is measured after the fermentation is completed to ensure that the pH value is between 6.0. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, lime and wood ash are added to neutralize the acidic substances, and during the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20° C. and the fermentation humidity is controlled at 50%;

[0063] The second method for preparing fermented fertilizer is as follows: wet the peanut residue, mix it evenly with sawdust, then add pig manure, brown sugar and EM bacteria in turn, put it into a fermentation barrel, seal it and place it in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation. During the fermentation process, stir it regularly, once a week. After the fermentation is completed, measure its pH value to ensure that its pH value is between 6.0. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, add lime and wood ash to neutralize the acidic substances. During the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20°C and the fermentation humidity is 50%.

[0064] In S1, the film is spread out and laid flat on the ridge surface, and the edge of the film is compacted with soil blocks or a special film pressing tool to prevent wind and weeds from penetrating.

[0065] In S1, when peanuts are planted, the fertilizer applied before or after ridge forming is prepared from 1500 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1500 parts of decomposed pig manure, 50 parts of calcium phosphate, 15 parts of urea, 5 parts of calcium, 6 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound, and 1 part of iron.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1: Preparation before planting:

[0069] A: Soil preparation: Choose a 100-mu loam plot with flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil, fertile and loose soil for planting, and deep plow the plot to a depth of 33cm, break up the soil, remove obstacles such as weeds and stones, and apply 2,500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 45 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer;

[0070] B: Ridge mulching: The ridge width is generally 70 cm, the ridge height is 15 cm, and the ridge spacing is 33 cm. Use polyethylene mulch with good spreading properties for covering, and lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of two rows on each ridge without deviation. Before or after ridge formation, evenly spread fertilizer in the ridge ditch or on the ridge surface, and then turn it into the soil;

[0071] S2: Sowing: Select peanut varieties from the Yuhua series and use a peanut film seeder for mechanical sowing. The sowing depth is generally 4 cm, and 3 seeds are sown in each hole;

[0072] S3: Irrigation system construction:

[0073] A: Irrigation method: drip irrigation system;

[0074] B: System composition: It is mainly composed of water source, header hub, water distribution network and dripper. The header hub includes water pump, fertilizer device, filter, etc.; the water distribution network includes main pipeline, branch pipeline and drip irrigation belt;

[0075] C: Fertilizer and filter: Install the fertilizer device in the head hub and the filter in the head hub;

[0076] S4: Construction of soil moisture monitoring equipment: Insert soil moisture sensors into the soil near the peanut planting rows and dig a pit with a depth of 35m. Insert the sensor horizontally into the pit and keep it in close contact with the soil. Then fill and compact the pit. Set a soil moisture sensor every 70m and connect the soil moisture sensor to the drip irrigation system.

[0077] S5: Construction of soil nutrient detector: Set up a sampling point every 60m, collect soil samples near the sampling point once a week, and use the soil nutrient detector to measure;

[0078] S6: Construction of plant growth monitors: Plant growth monitors are directly inserted into the soil near peanuts, and one plant growth monitor is inserted every 780 holes;

[0079] S7: Water quality detector construction: Set up water quality detectors in the irrigation system;

[0080] S8: Irrigation and fertilization management:

[0081] A: Irrigation management: Irrigation should be carried out after sowing, at the beginning of flowering, at the pod-setting stage, at the fruit-filling stage, or when the peanut plants show drought symptoms. The irrigation pressure should be 0.13 MPa, the irrigation time should be 1.5 hours, and the appropriate amount of water should be 13 mm each time. Avoid irrigation during the hot weather at noon when the sun is strong, and avoid using low-temperature deep well water.

[0082] B: Fertilization management: Drip irrigation is carried out during the flowering and needle stage, the middle stage of pod setting and the early stage of fruiting. The fertilizer is dissolved and mixed with water, and then directly transported to the roots of peanuts through the drip irrigation system;

[0083] S9: Field management:

[0084] A: Weeding and pest control: remove weeds in the field by chemical weeding or manual weeding;

[0085] B: Soil cultivation and drainage: Soil cultivation is carried out in the middle and late stages of peanut growth to promote the penetration of fruit needles into the soil and the development of pods, and drainage facilities are constructed in the field.

[0086] In S3, the main pipeline uses a 63mm diameter PE water transfer soft belt, and the drip irrigation capillary uses a patch-type drip irrigation belt with a drip hole spacing of 20cm, and a single water supply drip irrigation capillary tube supplies water for 60m.

[0087] In S8, before fertilization, drip irrigation is performed for 25 minutes to soak the soil, and then the valve of the fertilizer storage device is opened to allow the fertilizer solution and irrigation water to drip around the peanut root system along with the drip irrigation system. After fertilization, irrigation is continued for 20-30 minutes to flush the residual fertilizer in the pipe.

[0088] In S5, when collecting soil, it is necessary to randomly select multiple points from the soil surface to about 30 cm for sampling.

[0089] In S1, the width of the polyethylene mulch is selected to be 80-90 cm, the thickness of the polyethylene mulch is selected to be 0.005 mm, and the transparency of the polyethylene mulch is selected to be 90%.

[0090] In S8, the fertilizer is prepared from a first fermented fertilizer and a second fermented fertilizer. The first fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut shells, garlic peels, apple peels, orange peels, dragon fruit peels, rice washing water, expired milk, and EM bacteria. The second fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut residue, sawdust, pig manure, brown sugar, and EM bacteria.

[0091] The first method for preparing fermented fertilizer is as follows: the processed peanut shells, garlic skins and peels are mixed evenly, put into a fermentation container, and rice washing water, expired milk and EM bacteria are added in sequence, the container is sealed, and placed in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation, and the mixture needs to be stirred regularly during the fermentation process, twice a week, and the pH value is measured after the fermentation is completed to ensure that the pH value is between 65. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, lime and wood ash are added to neutralize the acidic substances, and during the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30° C. and the fermentation humidity is controlled at 55%;

[0092] The second method for preparing fermented fertilizer is as follows: wet the peanut residue, mix it evenly with sawdust, then add pig manure, brown sugar and EM bacteria in turn, put it into a fermentation barrel, seal it and place it in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation. During the fermentation process, stir it regularly, once a week. After the fermentation is completed, measure its pH value to ensure that its pH value is between 7. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, add lime and wood ash to neutralize the acidic substances. During the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30°C and the fermentation humidity is 55%.

[0093] In S1, the film is spread out and laid flat on the ridge surface, and the edge of the film is compacted with soil blocks or a special film pressing tool to prevent wind blowing and weeds from drilling in.

[0094] In S1, when peanuts are planted, the fertilizer applied before or after ridge forming is prepared from 1,800 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1,600 parts of decomposed pig manure, 55 parts of calcium phosphate, 18 parts of urea, 7 parts of calcium, 7 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound, and 3 parts of iron.

[0095] Example 3

[0096] A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method comprises the following steps:

[0097] S1: Preparation before planting:

[0098] A: Soil preparation: Choose a 100-mu loam plot with flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil, fertile and loose soil for planting, and deep plow the plot to a depth of 35cm, break up the soil, remove obstacles such as weeds and stones, and apply 3,000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer;

[0099] B: Ridge mulching: The ridge width is generally 85 cm, the ridge height is 18 cm, and the ridge spacing is 35 cm. Use polyethylene mulch with good spreading properties for covering, and lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of two rows on each ridge without deviation. Before or after ridge formation, evenly spread fertilizer in the ridge ditch or on the ridge surface, and then turn it into the soil;

[0100] S2: Sowing: Select peanut varieties from the Yuhua series and use a peanut film seeder for mechanical sowing. The sowing depth is generally 5 cm, and 3 seeds are sown in each hole;

[0101] S3: Irrigation system construction:

[0102] A: Irrigation method: drip irrigation system;

[0103] B: System composition: It is mainly composed of water source, header hub, water distribution network and dripper. The header hub includes water pump, fertilizer device, filter, etc.; the water distribution network includes main pipeline, branch pipeline and drip irrigation belt;

[0104] C: Fertilizer and filter: Install the fertilizer device in the head hub and the filter in the head hub;

[0105] S4: Construction of soil moisture monitoring equipment: Insert soil moisture sensors into the soil near the peanut planting rows and dig a pit with a depth of 40m. Insert the sensor horizontally into the pit and keep it in close contact with the soil. Then fill and compact the pit. Set a soil moisture sensor every 100m and connect the soil moisture sensor to the drip irrigation system.

[0106] S5: Construction of soil nutrient detector: Set up a sampling point every 70m, collect soil samples near the sampling point once a week, and use the soil nutrient detector to measure;

[0107] S6: Construction of plant growth monitors: Plant growth monitors are directly inserted into the soil near peanuts, and one plant growth monitor is inserted every 100 holes;

[0108] S7: Water quality detector construction: Set up water quality detectors in the irrigation system;

[0109] S8: Irrigation and fertilization management:

[0110] A: Irrigation management: Irrigation should be carried out after sowing, at the beginning of flowering, at the pod-setting stage, at the fruit-filling stage, or when the peanut plants show drought symptoms. The irrigation pressure should be 15 MPa, the irrigation time should be 2 hours, and the appropriate amount of water should be 15 mm each time. Avoid irrigation during the hot weather at noon when the sun is strong, and avoid using low-temperature deep well water.

[0111] B: Fertilization management: Drip irrigation is carried out during the flowering and needle stage, the middle stage of pod setting and the early stage of fruiting. The fertilizer is dissolved and mixed with water, and then directly transported to the roots of peanuts through the drip irrigation system;

[0112] S9: Field management:

[0113] A: Weeding and pest control: remove weeds in the field by chemical weeding or manual weeding;

[0114] B: Soil cultivation and drainage: Soil cultivation is carried out in the middle and late stages of peanut growth to promote the penetration of fruit needles into the soil and the development of pods, and drainage facilities are constructed in the field.

[0115] In S3, the main pipeline uses a PE water transfer soft belt with a diameter of 75mm, and the drip irrigation capillary uses a patch-type drip irrigation belt with a drip hole spacing of 30cm, and a single water supply drip irrigation capillary tube supplies water for 70m.

[0116] In S8, before fertilization, drip irrigation is performed for 30 minutes to soak the soil, and then the valve of the fertilizer storage device is opened to allow the fertilizer solution and irrigation water to drip around the peanut root system along with the drip irrigation system. After fertilization, irrigation is continued for 30 minutes to flush the residual fertilizer in the pipe.

[0117] In S5, when collecting soil, it is necessary to randomly select multiple points from the soil surface to about 30 cm for sampling.

[0118] In S1, the width of the polyethylene mulch is selected as 90 cm, the thickness of the polyethylene mulch is selected as 0.006 mm, and the transparency of the polyethylene mulch is selected as 100%.

[0119] In S8, the fertilizer is prepared from a first fermented fertilizer and a second fermented fertilizer. The first fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut shells, garlic peels, apple peels, orange peels, dragon fruit peels, rice washing water, expired milk, and EM bacteria. The second fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut residue, sawdust, pig manure, brown sugar, and EM bacteria.

[0120] The first method for preparing fermented fertilizer is as follows: the processed peanut shells, garlic skins and peels are mixed evenly, put into a fermentation container, and rice washing water, expired milk and EM bacteria are added in sequence, the container is sealed, and placed in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation, and the mixture needs to be stirred regularly during the fermentation process, twice a week, and the pH value is measured after the fermentation is completed to ensure that the pH value is between 7.5. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, lime and wood ash are added to neutralize the acidic substances, and during the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 40° C. and the fermentation humidity is controlled at 60%;

[0121] The second method for preparing fermented fertilizer is as follows: wet the peanut residue, mix it evenly with sawdust, then add pig manure, brown sugar and EM bacteria in turn, put it into a fermentation barrel, seal it and place it in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation. During the fermentation process, stir it regularly, twice a week. After the fermentation is completed, measure its pH value to ensure that it is between 7.5. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, add lime and wood ash to neutralize the acidic substances. During the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 40°C and the fermentation humidity is 60%.

[0122] In S1, the film is spread out and laid flat on the ridge surface, and the edge of the film is compacted with soil blocks or a special film pressing tool to prevent wind and weeds from penetrating.

[0123] In S1, when peanuts are planted, the fertilizer applied before or after ridge forming is prepared from 2000 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1800 parts of decomposed pig manure, 60 parts of calcium phosphate, 20 parts of urea, 8 parts of calcium, 9 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound, and 5 parts of iron.

[0124] A detailed comparison list of the amount of self-made fermented fertilizer and normal fertilization for the demand for fertilization per acre of peanut field, and the cost estimates of the first and second fermented fertilizers are based on the cost of preparing 100 kg of mixed fertilizers, and assuming that the amount per acre is appropriate:

[0125]

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] During the integrated water-fertilizer planting process of peanuts, the first fermented fertilizer and the second fermented fertilizer are used for fertilizing the peanuts. The raw material costs of the first fermented fertilizer and the second fermented fertilizer are low, which reduces the raw material costs and the cost of purchasing chemical fertilizers. At the same time, the first fermented fertilizer and the second fermented fertilizer are derived from natural organic matter and do not contain toxic and harmful substances. Their application can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

[0129] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Preparation before planting: A: Soil preparation: Choose a 100-mu loam plot with flat terrain, good drainage, deep soil, fertile and loose soil for planting, and deep plow the plot to a depth of 30-35cm, break up the soil, remove obstacles such as weeds and stones, and apply 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer; B: Ridge mulching: The ridge width is generally 75-85 cm, the ridge height is 12-18 cm, and the ridge spacing is 30-35 cm. Use polyethylene mulch with good spreading properties for covering, and lay drip irrigation tape in the middle of two rows on each ridge without deviation. Before or after ridge formation, evenly spread fertilizer in the ridge ditch or on the ridge surface, and then turn it into the soil; S2: Sowing: Select peanut varieties from the Yuhua series and use a peanut film seeder for mechanical sowing. The sowing depth is generally 3-5 cm, and 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole; S3: Irrigation system construction: A: Irrigation method: drip irrigation system; B: System composition: It is mainly composed of water source, header hub, water distribution network and dripper. The header hub includes water pump, fertilizer device, filter, etc.; the water distribution network includes main pipeline, branch pipeline and drip irrigation belt; C: Fertilizer and filter: Install the fertilizer device in the head hub and the filter in the head hub; S4: Construction of soil moisture monitoring equipment: Insert soil moisture sensors into the soil near the peanut planting rows and dig a pit with a depth of 30-40m. Insert the sensor horizontally into the pit and keep it in close contact with the soil. Then fill and compact the pit. Set a soil moisture sensor every 50-100m and connect the soil moisture sensor to the drip irrigation system. S5: Construction of soil nutrient detector: Set up a sampling point every 50-70m, collect soil samples near the sampling point once a week, and use the soil nutrient detector to measure; S6: Plant growth monitor construction: directly insert the plant growth monitor into the soil near the peanuts, and insert a plant growth monitor every 70-100 holes; S7: Water quality detector construction: Set up water quality detectors in the irrigation system; S8: Irrigation and fertilization management: A: Irrigation management: Irrigation should be carried out after sowing, at the beginning of flowering, at the pod-setting stage, at the fruit-filling stage, or when the peanut plants show drought symptoms. The irrigation pressure should be 0.1-0.15 MPa, and the irrigation time should be 1-2 hours. The appropriate amount of water for each irrigation should be 10-15 mm. Avoid irrigation during the hot weather at noon when the sun is strong, and avoid using low-temperature deep well water. B: Fertilization management: Drip irrigation is carried out during the flowering and needle stage, the middle stage of pod setting and the early stage of fruiting. The fertilizer is dissolved and mixed with water, and then directly transported to the roots of peanuts through the drip irrigation system; S9: Field management: A: Weeding and pest control: remove weeds in the field by chemical weeding or manual weeding; B: Soil cultivation and drainage: Soil cultivation is carried out in the middle and late stages of peanut growth to promote the penetration of fruit needles into the soil and the development of pods, and drainage facilities are constructed in the field.

2. A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the main pipeline adopts a PE water transfer soft belt with a diameter of 63mm or 75mm, the drip irrigation capillary tube adopts a patch-type drip irrigation belt with a drip hole spacing of 20cm or 30cm, and a single water supply drip irrigation capillary tube supplies water for 50-70m.

3. A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S8, before fertilization, drip irrigation is performed for 20-30 minutes to soak the soil, and then the valve of the fertilizer storage device is opened to allow the fertilizer solution and irrigation water to drip around the peanut root system along with the drip irrigation system, and after fertilization, irrigation is continued for 20-30 minutes to flush the residual fertilizer in the pipe.

4. A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, when collecting soil, it is necessary to randomly select multiple points from the soil surface to about 30 cm for sampling.

5. The peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S1, the width of the polyethylene ground film is selected to be 80-90 cm, the thickness of the polyethylene ground film is selected to be 0.004-0.006 mm, and the transparency of the polyethylene ground film is selected to be 80%-100%.

6. The peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that In S8, the fertilizer is prepared from a first fermented fertilizer and a second fermented fertilizer. The first fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut shells, garlic peels, apple peels, orange peels, dragon fruit peels, rice washing water, expired milk, and EM bacteria. The second fermented fertilizer is prepared from peanut residue, sawdust, pig manure, brown sugar, and EM bacteria.

7. A peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the first fermented fertilizer is as follows: the processed peanut shells, garlic skins and peels are mixed evenly, put into a fermentation container, and rice washing water, expired milk and EM bacteria are added in sequence, the container is sealed, and placed in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation, and the mixture needs to be stirred regularly during the fermentation process, 1-2 times a week, and the pH value is measured after the fermentation is completed to ensure that the pH value is between 6.0 and 7.

5. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, lime and wood ash are added to neutralize the acidic substances, and during the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20-40° C., and the fermentation humidity is controlled at 50%-60%; The preparation method of the second fermented fertilizer is as follows: the peanut residue is wetted, mixed evenly with sawdust, and then pig manure, brown sugar and EM bacteria are added in sequence, and then placed in a fermentation barrel, sealed and placed in a warm and ventilated place for fermentation. During the fermentation process, it is necessary to stir regularly, 1-2 times a week. After the fermentation is completed, its pH value is measured to ensure that its pH value is between 6.0-7.

5. When the pH value of the fermented fertilizer is lower than this range, lime and wood ash are added to neutralize the acidic substances. During the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 20-40°C and the fermentation humidity is 50%-60%.

8. The peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the film is spread out and laid flat on the ridge surface, and the edge of the film is compacted with soil blocks or a special film pressing tool to prevent wind and weeds from drilling in.

9. The peanut water-fertilizer integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, when peanuts are planted, the fertilizer applied before or after ridge forming is prepared from 1500-2000 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 1500-1800 parts of decomposed pig manure, 50-60 parts of calcium phosphate, 15-20 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of calcium, 6-9 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound, and 1-5 parts of iron.

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