Pretreatment equipment for new energy automobile waste lithium battery recycling

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery recovery, and particularly relates to pretreatment equipment for new energy automobile waste lithium battery recovery, which comprises a lower box body, an upper box body, a gas protection part, a spraying part, a puncturing part and an ejection part, according to the invention, oxygen isolation and low-temperature freezing environments are provided for the waste lithium battery in the closed box body in the front, middle and later periods of puncture, so that spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of the waste lithium battery during puncture are avoided; in addition, a side door opening mode is matched with timely ejection of an ejection component, so that the waste lithium battery can be effectively ensured to be quickly transferred into crushing equipment communicated with the waste lithium battery for crushing treatment after liquid nitrogen freezing puncture is completed, and the transferring steps and time are shortened; and therefore, the risk that the electrolyte is unfrozen due to too long transfer time or the electrolyte is in contact with oxygen and the like in the transfer process to cause spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion is avoided, and the safety of puncture treatment of the waste lithium battery is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery recycling, and specifically relates to pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles. Background Art

[0002] When recycling lithium batteries, they usually need to be crushed and then screened to recycle the components. However, since there is still residual power in the lithium battery before crushing, direct crushing is prone to spontaneous combustion or explosion of the lithium battery. Therefore, the lithium battery needs to be discharged. The remaining power of the lithium battery is mostly handled by immersing the lithium battery in an electrolyte to connect the positive and negative poles of the lithium battery to achieve continuous discharge, but the speed is slow; there is another way to puncture the lithium battery and then place it in an electrolyte to achieve the purpose of discharge.

[0003] When puncturing lithium batteries, the used lithium batteries need to be placed in a liquid nitrogen environment for deep freezing, and the temperature is usually controlled at minus 35°C to minus 198°C. The low temperature environment of liquid nitrogen rapidly cools the internal materials of the battery and reduces the chemical reaction capacity of the active substances. Under low temperature conditions, the battery is punctured by mechanical puncture equipment to force the release of residual power. This process, combined with the inert protection of liquid nitrogen, effectively avoids combustion or explosion caused by short circuits. The discharged battery enters the crushing stage, and the liquid nitrogen environment continues to maintain a low temperature state. The crushed materials are separated into metals (such as copper and aluminum) and electrode powders through magnetic separation, screening and other technologies to achieve full component recovery.

[0004] However, in the actual processing process, the punctured waste lithium batteries cannot be transferred to the crushing equipment for crushing in a short time after the puncture is completed. In addition, the waste lithium batteries must be kept in an oxygen-isolated and continuously frozen environment during the transportation process. The operation through explosion-proof turnover boxes is particularly wasteful and cannot well guarantee the safety of the transportation process. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles. The present invention is mainly used to solve the problem that the existing explosion-proof turnover box cannot immediately transfer the punctured waste lithium batteries to the crushing equipment for crushing in a short time.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: the present invention provides a pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles, comprising a lower box body, an upper box body, a gas protection component, a spraying component, a puncture component and an ejection component; the lower box body is a structure with openings at the upper end and one side respectively; the upper box body comprises a top plate and a side door plate hinged to the top plate; the top plate and the side door plate are respectively arranged at the upper end and one side of the lower box body; the gas protection component is arranged at the bottom of the lower box body; the gas protection component is used to pass protective gas into the lower box body; the ejection component is arranged on the non-open side of the lower box body; the ejection component is used to eject the punctured lithium battery from the lower box body; the spraying component is arranged below the top plate; the puncture component is arranged above the top plate; the spraying component is used to spray liquid nitrogen into the lower box body; the puncture component is used to puncture the lithium battery placed in the lower box body; the position of the outer side of the lower box body close to the side door plate is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment.

[0007] Preferably, the pretreatment equipment also includes a pressure spraying component; the pressure spraying component includes a orifice plate and a high-frequency telescopic unit; a sink groove is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the lower box body; the orifice plate is arranged in the sink groove; the lower surface of the orifice plate is connected to the output end of the high-frequency telescopic unit; the shell of the high-frequency telescopic unit is connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the lower box body through a mounting plate; the high-frequency telescopic unit is used to drive the orifice plate to perform high-frequency reciprocating movement.

[0008] Preferably, the area of ​​the spray coverage surface of the orifice plate is larger than the area of ​​the bottom surface of the waste lithium battery; the upper ends of the pores close to the edge of the orifice plate are inclined toward the geometric center of the orifice plate.

[0009] Preferably, the pretreatment equipment further comprises a pressing component; the pressing component is arranged below the top plate and connected to the top plate.

[0010] Preferably, the clamping component includes a clamping bar, an elastic member, a sliding bar, an extrusion block, an elastic stretching member, a pull rod and a pull rope; the clamping bar is arranged below the spraying component; the clamping bar is connected to the sliding bar through the elastic member; the sliding bar is slidably connected to the vertical slide groove on the lower surface of the top plate; the upper side of the sliding bar is abutted and connected to the extrusion block; the extrusion block is slidably connected to the horizontal slide groove on the top plate; an avoidance groove is arranged on the upper surface of the sliding bar; one side of the extrusion block is connected to the closed end of the horizontal slide groove through the elastic stretching member; the other side of the extrusion block is connected to one end of the pull rope through the pull rod; the other end of the pull rope is connected to the side door panel.

[0011] Preferably, the ejection component includes an ejection plate, a guide rod, an elastic telescopic member, a contact plate, a swinging member, a driving core shaft and a first motor; the ejection plate is arranged on the non-opening side of the lower box body; the ejection plate is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod; the guide rod passes through the side wall of the lower box body and is slidably connected to the side wall of the lower box body; the other end of the guide rod is fixedly connected to the contact plate; the elastic telescopic member is arranged between the contact plate and the lower box body; the elastic telescopic member is sleeved on the guide rod; the lower side of the contact plate is rotatably connected to the driving core shaft through a rotating seat; one end of the swinging member is fixedly connected to the driving core shaft; one end of the driving core shaft is connected to the output shaft of the first motor; the first motor is fixedly connected to the side wall of the lower box body.

[0012] Preferably, the puncture component includes a puncture needle, a hydraulic cylinder and a solenoid valve; the puncture needle passes through the top plate; the puncture needle is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the top plate through a mounting frame; the solenoid valve is used to control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, the upper box body also includes a door drive mechanism; the door drive mechanism includes a second motor, a driving gear and a swing gear; the hinged shaft end of the side door panel is connected to the swing gear; the swing gear is meshed with the driving gear for transmission; the driving gear is connected to the output shaft of the second motor; and the second motor is fixedly connected to the top plate.

[0014] Preferably, the pretreatment equipment is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment via a telescopic passage; an air protection device is arranged in the telescopic passage.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. In the process of sealing the upper box and the lower box of the present invention, the controller controls the gas protection component through electrical signals to pass protective gas nitrogen or argon into the lower box, thereby isolating the oxygen around the waste lithium battery during puncture to prevent the electrolyte from leaking and spontaneously igniting when encountering air; after the upper box and the lower box are completely sealed, the controller controls the spraying component through electrical signals to spray liquid nitrogen on the waste lithium battery in the lower box, thereby solidifying the electrolyte into a solid state, thereby inhibiting the volatilization of the electrolyte and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion; after the freezing of the liquid nitrogen is completed, the controller The controller immediately controls the puncture needle of the puncture component through an electrical signal to insert into the lower box to puncture the used lithium battery. After the puncture component completes the puncture, the controller immediately controls the door drive mechanism of the upper box to rotate the side door panel around the hinge point through an electrical signal. After the side door panel is fully opened, the controller controls the ejection component through an electrical signal to eject the used lithium battery in the lower box into the subsequent crushing equipment for low-temperature freezing and crushing. The process of ejecting the used lithium battery into the subsequent crushing equipment does not exceed 10 seconds, and oxygen needs to be isolated during the process. This solution provides an oxygen-isolated and low-temperature freezing environment for waste lithium batteries before, during and after puncture in a closed box, thereby ensuring that waste lithium batteries will not spontaneously combust or explode during puncture, and preventing the leakage of exhaust gas and volatile gas from the electrolyte during the puncture process, thereby protecting the environment and the safety of workers; and through the side opening method and the timely ejection of the ejection component, it can effectively ensure that the waste lithium batteries can be quickly transferred to the crushing equipment connected to it for crushing after completing the liquid nitrogen freezing puncture, thereby shortening the transportation steps and time, thereby avoiding the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion due to electrolyte thawing due to long transportation time or contact with oxygen during transportation, thereby greatly improving the safety of puncture treatment of waste lithium batteries.

[0017] 2. In the present invention, a perforated plate and a high-frequency telescopic unit are arranged below each puncture station, and in the process of the spraying component spraying liquid nitrogen onto the waste lithium battery, the controller controls the high-frequency telescopic unit through an electrical signal to drive the perforated plate to perform high-frequency short-distance reciprocating movement. Since the liquid nitrogen sprayed on the surface of the waste lithium battery will flow down along the surface of the lithium battery, and then flow into the trough below, the perforated plate squeezes the liquid nitrogen in the trough when moving downward rapidly, and the liquid nitrogen is sprayed upward from the fine holes on the perforated plate, and then sprayed onto the surface of the bottom area where the waste lithium battery is placed above, thereby compensating for the defect that the upper spraying component cannot spray the bottom area of ​​the waste lithium battery, thereby improving the liquid nitrogen freezing efficiency of the waste lithium battery, and at the same time ensuring that the electrolyte inside the waste lithium battery can be completely frozen, ensuring the safety of the subsequent puncture treatment.

[0018] 3. In the present invention, when the puncture process of the used lithium battery is completed, the controller controls the door drive mechanism of the upper box body to rotate the side door panel around the hinge point through an electrical signal, and then drives the pull rope to wrap around the side door panel during the opening process of the side door panel, and then drives the extrusion block to move horizontally through the pull rod, and then when the side door panel is close to being fully opened, the extrusion block moves to the position of the avoidance groove on the sliding bar, so that the extrusion block can no longer restrict the sliding bar, and then the sliding bar can slide up and down, that is, the clamping bar under the sliding bar no longer compresses the used lithium battery, and then it is more convenient for the ejection component to eject the punctured used lithium battery from one side of the side door panel; after the used lithium battery is ejected, the controller controls the side door panel to close, and then under the rebound tension of the elastic stretching member, the extrusion block is pulled to contact the upper surface of the sliding block again, so that the clamping bar resumes the clamping effect. This solution connects the state conversion of the clamping component with the opening and closing of the side door panel, so that after the side door panel is opened, the clamping component is driven to release the clamped lithium battery, so that the punctured waste lithium battery can be ejected by the ejection component without any clamping resistance, thereby ensuring stable and smooth ejection; and this process does not require complex control to implement, further ensuring the stability of equipment operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pretreatment device of the present invention from a first viewing angle;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pretreatment device of the present invention from a second viewing angle;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the orifice plate in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high frequency telescopic unit of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the medium-pressure spray component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ejection component in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the spraying component in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding bar in the present invention;

[0028] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the pressing component in the present invention when the side door panel is closed;

[0029] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the pressing component in the present invention when the side door panel is opened;

[0030] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the pretreatment equipment of the present invention and the subsequent crushing equipment;

[0031] In the figure: lower box body 1, sink 11, upper box body 2, top plate 21, side door plate 22, door drive mechanism 23, second motor 231, drive gear 232, swing gear 233, gas protection component 3, spray component 4, puncture component 5, puncture needle 51, hydraulic cylinder 52, ejection component 6, ejection plate 61, guide rod 62, elastic telescopic member 63, contact plate 64, swing member 65, drive core shaft 66, first motor 67, pressure spray component 7, orifice plate 71, high-frequency telescopic unit 72, clamping component 8, clamping strip 81, elastic member 82, sliding strip 83, extrusion block 84, elastic stretching member 85, pull rod 86, pull rope 87, telescopic channel 9.

[0032] Specific implementation method

[0033] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, a pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles includes a lower box body 1, an upper box body 2, a gas protection component 3, a spraying component 4, a piercing component 5 and an ejecting component 6; the lower box body 1 is a structure with an upper end and a side opening respectively; the upper box body 2 includes a top plate 21 and a side door plate 22 hinged to the top plate 21; the top plate 21 and the side door plate 22 are respectively arranged at the upper end and one side of the lower box body 1; the gas protection component 3 is arranged at the bottom of the lower box body 1; the gas protection component 3 is used to spray the lower box body 1 The protective gas is introduced into the lower box body 1; the ejection component 6 is arranged on the non-open side of the lower box body 1; the ejection component 6 is used to eject the punctured lithium battery out of the lower box body 1; the spraying component 4 is arranged below the top plate 21; the puncture component 5 is arranged above the top plate 21; the spraying component 4 is used to spray liquid nitrogen into the lower box body 1; the puncture component 5 is used to puncture the lithium battery placed in the lower box body 1; the outer side of the lower box body 1 near the side door panel 22 is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment.

[0035] During operation, the controller controls the lifting device to lift the upper box body 2 through electrical signals, and then controls the robot to place the waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles after removing the plastic packaging or metal shell on the puncture station on the lower box body 1 through electrical signals. Multiple groups of puncture stations are arranged in the lower box body 1, and each puncture station has a gas protection component 3, a spray component, a puncture component 5 and an ejection component 6. After the waste lithium batteries are placed, the controller controls the lifting device to place the upper box body 2 on the lower box body 1, and then the top plate 21 seals the upper end of the lower box body 1, and the side door plate 22 seals the side of the lower box body 1; during the sealing process, the controller controls the gas protection component 3 through electrical signals to introduce protective gas nitrogen or argon into the lower box body 1, so that the waste lithium batteries are isolated from oxygen around during puncture to prevent spontaneous combustion of the electrolyte after leakage and encountering air; after the upper box body 2 and the lower box body 1 are completely sealed ... The electric signal controls the spraying component 4 to spray liquid nitrogen onto the waste lithium batteries in the lower box 1, thereby freezing the waste lithium batteries to -196°C to -198°C for about 15-20 minutes, so that the electrolyte solidifies into a solid state, thereby inhibiting the volatilization of the electrolyte and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion; after the liquid nitrogen freezing is completed, the controller immediately controls the puncture needle 51 of the puncture component 5 through an electric signal to insert it into the lower box 1 to puncture the waste lithium batteries. After the puncture component 5 completes the puncture, the controller immediately controls the door drive mechanism 23 of the upper box 2 to rotate the side door panel 22 around the hinge point through an electric signal. After the side door panel 22 is fully opened, the controller controls the ejection component 6 through an electric signal to eject the waste lithium batteries in the lower box 1 into the subsequent crushing equipment for low-temperature freezing and crushing. The process of the waste lithium batteries being ejected into the subsequent crushing equipment does not exceed 10 seconds, and oxygen needs to be isolated during the process. This solution provides an oxygen-isolated and low-temperature freezing environment for the waste lithium batteries before, during and after the puncture in a closed box, thereby ensuring that the waste lithium batteries will not spontaneously combust or explode during the puncture, and preventing the leakage of exhaust gas and volatile gas of the electrolyte during the puncture, thereby protecting the environment and the safety of the staff; and through the side opening method and the timely ejection of the ejection component 6, it can effectively ensure that the waste lithium batteries can be quickly transferred to the crushing equipment connected thereto for crushing after completing the liquid nitrogen freezing puncture, thereby shortening the transportation steps and time, thereby avoiding the risk of spontaneous combustion and explosion due to thawing of the electrolyte or contact with oxygen during transportation due to too long transportation time, thereby greatly improving the safety of the puncture treatment of the waste lithium batteries.

[0036] like Figures 3 to 5As shown, the pretreatment equipment also includes a pressure spraying component 7; the pressure spraying component 7 includes a hole plate 71 and a high-frequency telescopic unit 72; a sink 11 is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the lower box body 1; the hole plate 71 is arranged in the sink 11; the lower surface of the hole plate 71 is connected to the output end of the high-frequency telescopic unit 72; the shell of the high-frequency telescopic unit 72 is connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the lower box body 1 through a mounting plate; the high-frequency telescopic unit 72 is used to drive the hole plate 71 to perform high-frequency reciprocating movement.

[0037] By setting a perforated plate 71 and a high-frequency telescopic unit 72 below each puncture station, the controller controls the high-frequency telescopic unit 72 to drive the perforated plate 71 to move back and forth at a high frequency and short distance during the process of the spraying component 4 spraying liquid nitrogen onto the waste lithium battery. Since the liquid nitrogen sprayed on the surface of the waste lithium battery will flow down along the surface of the lithium battery and then flow into the sink 11 below, the perforated plate 71 squeezes the liquid nitrogen in the sink 11 when it moves downward quickly, and the liquid nitrogen is sprayed upward from the fine holes on the perforated plate 71, and then sprayed onto the surface of the bottom area where the waste lithium battery is placed above, thereby making up for the defect that the upper spraying component 4 cannot spray the bottom area of ​​the waste lithium battery, thereby improving the liquid nitrogen freezing efficiency of the waste lithium battery, and at the same time ensuring that the electrolyte inside the waste lithium battery can be completely frozen, ensuring the safety of the subsequent puncture treatment. The high-frequency telescopic unit 72 can be a high-frequency motor with a crank slider, or a high-frequency vibrator can be used directly.

[0038] The spray coverage area of ​​the orifice plate 71 is larger than the bottom area of ​​the waste lithium battery; the upper ends of the fine holes close to the edge of the orifice plate 71 are inclined toward the geometric center of the orifice plate 71.

[0039] The fine holes of the orifice plate 71 whose spray coverage area exceeds the bottom surface of the waste lithium battery are tilted, and the upper ends of the fine holes are tilted toward the geometric center of the orifice plate 71. When the orifice plate 71 squeezes the liquid nitrogen in the trough 11 downward, the fine holes near the edge of the orifice plate 71 spray the liquid nitrogen toward the side of the waste lithium battery above along the tilted direction, thereby increasing the coverage rate of the liquid nitrogen sprayed on the surface of the waste lithium battery, further improving the liquid nitrogen freezing efficiency of the waste lithium battery, and further ensuring that the electrolyte inside the waste lithium battery can be completely frozen, ensuring the safety of the subsequent puncture treatment.

[0040] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the pretreatment equipment further includes a pressing component 8 ; the pressing component 8 is disposed below the top plate 21 and connected to the top plate 21 .

[0041] By setting a clamping component 8 below the top plate 21, when the top plate 21 is placed on the upper end of the lower box 1, the used lithium battery placed in the lower box 1 is clamped by the clamping component 8, thereby ensuring that the position of the used lithium battery will not move relatively during the subsequent puncture process, thereby ensuring that the puncture needle 51 of the puncture component 5 can accurately puncture the positive and negative electrodes of the used lithium battery, thereby causing a short circuit inside the lithium battery to discharge, thereby improving the accuracy of puncture. At the same time, this solution completes the process of clamping the lithium battery by the clamping component 8 and the transfer of the clamping component 8 by setting the clamping component 8 on the top plate 21, placing the top plate 21 on the lower box 1, and separating the top plate 21 from the lower box 1, thereby completing the process of clamping the lithium battery by the clamping component 8 and transferring the clamping component 8, thereby eliminating the need to set up a power source and a controller separately, thereby simplifying the control process and improving the stability of the equipment operation.

[0042] like Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the pressing component 8 includes a pressing bar 81, an elastic member 82, a sliding bar 83, an extrusion block 84, an elastic stretching member 85, a pull rod 86 and a pull rope 87; the pressing bar 81 is arranged below the spraying component 4; the pressing bar 81 is connected to the sliding bar 83 through the elastic member 82; the sliding bar 83 is slidably connected in the vertical slide groove on the lower surface of the top plate 21; the upper part of the sliding bar 83 is abutted and connected to the extrusion block 84; the extrusion block 84 is slidably connected in the horizontal slide groove on the top plate 21; an avoidance groove is arranged on the upper surface of the sliding bar 83; one side of the extrusion block 84 is connected to the closed end of the horizontal slide groove through the elastic stretching member 85; the other side of the extrusion block 84 is connected to one end of the pull rope 87 through the pull rod 86; the other end of the pull rope 87 is connected to the side door panel 22.

[0043] When the top plate 21 is placed on the lower box body 1, the squeezing block 84 abuts against the upper end of the sliding bar 83, so that the sliding bar 83 cannot slide up and down, and the used lithium batteries in the lower box body 1 are pressed by the elastic member 82 and the pressing bar 81 below; when the used lithium batteries are punctured, the controller controls the door driving mechanism 23 of the upper box body 2 through an electrical signal to rotate the side door plate 22 around the hinge point, and then drives the pull rope 87 to wrap around the side door plate 22 during the opening process of the side door plate 22, and then drives the squeezing block 84 to move horizontally through the pull rod 86, and then when the side door plate 22 is close to being fully opened, the squeezing block 84 is pressed. The pressing block 84 moves to the position of the avoidance groove on the sliding bar 83, so that the pressing block 84 can no longer restrict the sliding bar 83, thereby allowing the sliding bar 83 to slide up and down, that is, the clamping bar 81 below the sliding bar 83 no longer compresses the used lithium battery, thereby making it easier for the ejection component 6 to eject the punctured used lithium battery from the side of the side door panel 22; after the used lithium battery is ejected, the controller controls the side door panel 22 to close, and then under the action of the rebound tension of the elastic stretching member 85, the pressing block 84 is pulled to contact the upper surface of the sliding block again, thereby allowing the clamping bar 81 to resume its clamping effect. This solution connects the state conversion of the clamping component 8 with the opening and closing of the side door plate 22, so that after the side door plate 22 is opened, the clamping component 8 is just driven to release the clamped lithium battery, so that the punctured waste lithium battery can be ejected by the ejection component 6 without compression resistance, thereby ensuring stable and smooth ejection; and this process does not require complex control to be implemented, further ensuring the stability of equipment operation.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the ejection component 6 includes an ejection plate 61, a guide rod 62, an elastic telescopic member 63, a contact plate 64, a swinging member 65, a driving spindle 66 and a first motor 67; the ejection plate 61 is arranged on the non-opening side of the lower box body 1; the ejection plate 61 is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod 62; the guide rod 62 passes through the side wall of the lower box body 1 and is slidably connected to the side wall of the lower box body 1; the other end of the guide rod 62 is fixedly connected to the contact plate 64; the elastic telescopic member 63 is arranged between the contact plate 64 and the lower box body 1; the elastic telescopic member 63 is sleeved on the guide rod 62; the lower part of the contact plate 64 is rotatably connected to the driving spindle 66 through a rotating seat; one end of the swinging member 65 is fixedly connected to the driving spindle 66; one end of the driving spindle 66 is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 67; the first motor 67 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the lower box body 1.

[0045] After the waste lithium battery is punctured, the controller controls the side door panel 22 to open, and the controller immediately controls the first motor 67 to rotate through an electrical signal, and then drives all the swinging members 65 thereon to swing rapidly through the driving mandrel 66, so that the other end of the swinging member 65 hits the contact plate 64, and then drives the ejection plate 61 through the guide rod 62 to push the waste lithium battery in the lower box 1, so as to realize the rapid ejection of the waste lithium battery after the puncture to the subsequent crushing equipment, thereby shortening the transportation time of the waste lithium battery after the puncture to the greatest extent, and effectively preventing the electrolyte of the waste lithium battery frozen by liquid nitrogen from thawing, thereby improving the safety of the waste lithium battery during transportation. When the waste lithium battery is ejected, the controller controls the first motor 67 to reverse, so that the swinging member 65 is away from the contact plate 64, and then the rebound force of the elastic telescopic member 63 is used to make the ejection plate 61 return to the initial position. In this solution, the swinging member 65 hits the resistance plate 64 so that the ejection plate 61 quickly ejects the punctured used lithium battery, thereby shortening the transportation time of the used lithium battery after the puncture to the greatest extent, and effectively preventing the electrolyte of the used lithium battery frozen by liquid nitrogen from thawing, thereby improving the safety of the used lithium battery during transportation.

[0046] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the puncture component 5 includes a puncture needle 51, a hydraulic cylinder 52 and a solenoid valve; the puncture needle 51 penetrates the top plate 21; the puncture needle 51 is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 52; the hydraulic cylinder 52 is connected to the top plate 21 through a mounting frame; the solenoid valve is used to control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder 52.

[0047] After the used lithium battery is frozen by liquid nitrogen, the controller controls the solenoid valve to switch the inlet and outlet oil paths of the hydraulic cylinder 52 through electrical signals, so that the hydraulic cylinder 52 drives the puncture needle 51 to approach the used lithium battery in the lower box 1, and then after the puncture needle 51 pierces the positive and negative electrodes of the used lithium battery, a short circuit occurs inside the battery to discharge the battery. Subsequently, the controller controls the other side of the solenoid valve to be energized, so that the hydraulic cylinder 52 drives the needle tip of the puncture needle 51 to retract into the top plate 21, thereby completing the puncture treatment of the used lithium battery.

[0048] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the upper box body 2 also includes a door driving mechanism 23; the door driving mechanism 23 includes a second motor 231, a driving gear 232 and a swing gear 233; the hinge shaft end of the side door panel 22 is connected to the swing gear 233; the swing gear 233 is meshed with the driving gear 232 for transmission; the driving gear 232 is connected to the output shaft of the second motor 231; the second motor 231 is fixedly connected to the top plate 21.

[0049] The controller controls the forward and reverse rotation of the second motor 231 through an electrical signal, and then drives the swing gear 233 to rotate through the driving gear 232, thereby driving the side door panel 22 to open and close.

[0050] like Fig.11 As shown, the pre-treatment equipment is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment via a telescopic passage 9; an air protection device is arranged in the telescopic passage 9.

[0051] After the puncture is completed, the controller controls the telescopic cylinder of the telescopic channel 9 to extend through an electrical signal, thereby driving the telescopic channel 9 to be sleeved around the side door panel 22. During the process, the controller controls the gas protection device to pass inert gas into the telescopic channel 9 through an electrical signal, thereby realizing the discharge of oxygen in the telescopic channel 9. Then the controller controls the side door panel 22 and the feed port of the crushing device to open. Then the controller controls the ejection component 6 to eject the punctured waste lithium battery in the pretreatment device, and then pass through the telescopic channel 9 directly into the subsequent crushing device, thereby shortening the transportation time of the waste lithium battery after the puncture is completed to the greatest extent, thereby effectively preventing the electrolyte of the waste lithium battery frozen by liquid nitrogen from thawing, thereby improving the safety of the waste lithium battery during transportation. When the waste lithium battery enters the crushing device, the controller controls the side door panel 22 and the feed port of the crushing device to close, and then controls the telescopic channel 9 to retract, and then controls the hoisting device to lift the upper box 2, thereby facilitating the re-entry of the waste lithium battery into the lower box 1.

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles, characterized by: The invention comprises a lower box body (1), an upper box body (2), a gas protection component (3), a spray component (4), a piercing component (5) and an ejection component (6); the lower box body (1) is a structure with an upper end and a side opening respectively; the upper box body (2) comprises a top plate (21) and a side door plate (22) hinged to the top plate (21); the top plate (21) and the side door plate (22) are respectively arranged at the upper end and a side of the lower box body (1); the gas protection component (3) is arranged at the bottom of the lower box body (1); the gas protection component (3) is used to introduce protective gas into the lower box body (1); The ejection component (6) is arranged on the non-opening side of the lower box body (1); the ejection component (6) is used to eject the punctured lithium battery out of the lower box body (1); the spraying component (4) is arranged below the top plate (21); the puncturing component (5) is arranged above the top plate (21); the spraying component (4) is used to spray liquid nitrogen into the lower box body (1); the puncturing component (5) is used to puncture the lithium battery placed in the lower box body (1); and the outer side of the lower box body (1) near the side door plate (22) is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment.

2. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a pressure spraying component (7); the pressure spraying component (7) comprises a perforated plate (71) and a high-frequency telescopic unit (72); a sink groove (11) is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the lower box body (1); the perforated plate (71) is arranged in the sink groove (11); the lower surface of the perforated plate (71) is connected to the output end of the high-frequency telescopic unit (72); the shell of the high-frequency telescopic unit (72) is connected to the outer wall of the bottom of the lower box body (1) through a mounting plate; the high-frequency telescopic unit (72) is used to drive the perforated plate (71) to perform high-frequency reciprocating movement.

3. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spray coverage area of ​​the orifice plate (71) is larger than the bottom area of ​​the waste lithium battery; the upper ends of the fine holes close to the edge of the orifice plate (71) are inclined toward the geometric center of the orifice plate (71).

4. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pressing component (8); the pressing component (8) is arranged below the top plate (21) and connected to the top plate (21).

5. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressing component (8) comprises a pressing strip (81), an elastic member (82), a sliding strip (83), an extrusion block (84), an elastic stretching member (85), a pull rod (86) and a pull rope (87); the pressing strip (81) is arranged below the spraying component (4); the pressing strip (81) is connected to the sliding strip (83) through the elastic member (82); the sliding strip (83) is slidably connected to a vertical sliding groove on the lower surface of the top plate (21); the sliding strip (83) ) is abutted against the extrusion block (84) above; the extrusion block (84) is slidably connected in the transverse slide groove on the top plate (21); an avoidance groove is arranged on the upper surface of the sliding bar (83); one side of the extrusion block (84) is connected to the closed end of the transverse slide groove through the elastic stretching member (85); the other side of the extrusion block (84) is connected to one end of the pull rope (87) through the pull rod (86); the other end of the pull rope (87) is connected to the side door panel (22).

6. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ejection component (6) comprises an ejection plate (61), a guide rod (62), an elastic telescopic member (63), a contact plate (64), a swing member (65), a driving spindle (66) and a first motor (67); the ejection plate (61) is arranged on the non-opening side of the lower box body (1); the ejection plate (61) is fixedly connected to one end of the guide rod (62); the guide rod (62) passes through the side wall of the lower box body (1) and is slidably connected to the side wall of the lower box body (1); the other end of the guide rod (62) is fixedly connected to the contact plate (64); the ejection plate (61) is fixedly connected to the guide rod (62 ... The contact plate (64) is provided with the elastic telescopic member (63) between the contact plate (64) and the lower box body (1); the elastic telescopic member (63) is sleeved on the guide rod (62); the lower part of the contact plate (64) is rotatably connected to the driving spindle (66) through a rotating seat; one end of the swinging member (65) is fixedly connected to the driving spindle (66); one end of the driving spindle (66) is connected to the output shaft of the first motor (67); the first motor (67) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the lower box body (1).

7. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncture component (5) comprises a puncture needle (51), a hydraulic cylinder (52) and a solenoid valve; the puncture needle (51) penetrates the top plate (21); the puncture needle (51) is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder (52); the hydraulic cylinder (52) is connected to the top plate (21) via a mounting frame; the solenoid valve is used to control the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder (52).

8. The pretreatment equipment for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper box body (2) also includes a door drive mechanism (23); the door drive mechanism (23) includes a second motor (231), a driving gear (232) and a swing gear (233); the hinged shaft end of the side door panel (22) is connected to the swing gear (233); the swing gear (233) and the driving gear (232) are meshed and transmitted; the driving gear (232) is connected to the output shaft of the second motor (231); and the second motor (231) is fixedly connected to the top plate (21).

9. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lithium batteries of new energy vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-treatment equipment is connected to the subsequent crushing equipment via a telescopic channel (9); an air protection device is arranged in the telescopic channel (9).

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