Pretreatment method and device for enhancing methanogenesis of anaerobic digestion and waste energy conversion, waste treatment method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a pretreatment method and device for improving anaerobic digestion methane production and waste energy conversion, and a waste treatment method and system. The pretreatment method comprises the following steps: separating organic matter and inorganic matter in waste by using a separation device, wherein the separation device comprises one separation unit or a plurality of separation units connected in series; and discharging the waste discharged from an overflow port of the separation unit into an ultrasonic reactor for ultrasonic treatment. The method can quickly realize efficient separation of the organic matter and the inorganic matter in the waste by using the separation device, and can realize waste structure cracking, even cell wall breaking, increase the concentration of soluble organic matter, and reduce the particle size of the waste by using the ultrasonic reactor to perform ultrasonic treatment on the waste with high organic matter content, so that the subsequent anaerobic digestion process of the waste is accelerated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waste resource utilization, in particular to a pretreatment method for improving anaerobic digestion methane production and waste energy conversion, a pretreatment device for improving anaerobic digestion methane production and waste energy conversion, a waste treatment method and a waste treatment system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Anaerobic digestion technology can simultaneously achieve sludge organic matter stabilization and biomass energy recovery, and is the current mainstream sludge treatment technology at home and abroad. However, the residual sludge of sewage plants in China has the characteristics of high sand content and low organic matter content, combined with the complex floc structure of sludge and the physical and chemical barrier established by microbial cell wall, which together lead to low anaerobic digestion efficiency and operation difficulty of sludge. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a method to improve the process of anaerobic digestion methane production and waste energy conversion, and improve the level of waste resource utilization and energy utilization in China. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems of low hydrolysis rate and low methane production potential of residual sludge of sewage treatment plants in China, the present application provides a pretreatment method and device for improving anaerobic digestion methane production and waste energy conversion, aiming to improve sludge components, increase sludge solubility, improve sludge anaerobic digestion efficiency, accelerate anaerobic digestion methane production and waste energy conversion, and effectively solve the problem of sludge treatment.

[0004] The present application provides a pretreatment method for improving anaerobic digestion methane production and waste energy conversion, comprising:

[0005] The organic matter and inorganic matter in the waste are separated by using a separation device, wherein the separation device comprises a plurality of separation units, and a bottom flow port of one of the plurality of separation units is in communication with a feed port of an adjacent separation unit to connect the plurality of separation units in series. The waste is arranged to perform spiral motion in the separation cavity of the separation unit to realize separation of organic matter and inorganic matter. The content of organic matter in the waste discharged from the overflow port of the separation unit is higher than that in the waste discharged from the bottom flow port of the separation unit.

[0006] The waste discharged from the overflow port of the separation unit is discharged into an ultrasonic reactor for ultrasonic treatment.

[0007] The separation device further comprises:

[0008] an outer cylinder body, at least one partition is arranged in the outer cylinder body to divide the space in the outer cylinder body into a plurality of separation cavities; and

[0009] Multiple inner cones are arranged one-to-one in the multiple separation chambers, with the small end of the inner cone facing the side where the feed port and overflow port are connected to the corresponding separation chamber, and the large end of the inner cone close to the bottom flow port connected to the corresponding separation chamber.

[0010] The separator includes a spiral body, which includes a cylindrical portion and spiral blades. The spiral blades are disposed between the outer wall of the cylindrical portion and the inner wall of the outer cylinder to form a spiral flow channel. The inlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the bottom outlet of the separation chamber on one side of the separator, and the outlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the feed inlet of the separation chamber on the other side of the separator.

[0011] This application also provides a waste disposal method, including:

[0012] The waste is pretreated according to the above-mentioned pretreatment method for improving anaerobic digestion methanogen production and waste energy conversion;

[0013] The ultrasonically treated waste is sent to an anaerobic digester for anaerobic digestion.

[0014] This application also provides a pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste, comprising:

[0015] A separation device includes multiple separation units, each having a separation chamber and an inlet, a bottom outlet, and an overflow outlet communicating with the separation chamber. The bottom outlet of one of the multiple separation units is connected to the inlet of an adjacent separation unit, allowing the multiple separation units to be connected in series. Each separation unit is configured to separate organic and inorganic matter from waste through a spiral motion within its separation chamber, such that the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the overflow outlet of a separation unit is higher than the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the bottom outlet of that separation unit.

[0016] An ultrasonic reactor, wherein the inlet of the ultrasonic reactor is connected to the overflow outlet of all the separation units, and the ultrasonic reactor is configured to perform ultrasonic treatment on waste.

[0017] The separation device further includes:

[0018] An outer cylinder, having at least one internal partition to divide the space within the outer cylinder into multiple separation chambers; and

[0019] Multiple inner cones are arranged one-to-one in the multiple separation chambers, with the small end of the inner cone facing the side where the feed port and overflow port are connected to the corresponding separation chamber, and the large end of the inner cone close to the bottom flow port connected to the corresponding separation chamber.

[0020] The separator includes a spiral body, which includes a cylindrical portion and spiral blades. The spiral blades are disposed between the outer wall of the cylindrical portion and the inner wall of the outer cylinder to form a spiral flow channel. The inlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the bottom outlet of the separation chamber on one side of the separator, and the outlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the feed inlet of the separation chamber on the other side of the separator.

[0021] This application also provides a waste treatment system, including an anaerobic digester and the aforementioned pretreatment device for enhancing anaerobic digestion to produce methane and convert waste into energy, wherein the outlet of the ultrasonic reactor of the pretreatment device is connected to the anaerobic digester.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application have the following technical effects:

[0023] 1. This application provides a pretreatment method and apparatus for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste. The pretreatment apparatus includes a separation device and an ultrasonic reactor. After passing through the separation device, the waste can be separated into organic and inorganic matter. The separated waste (high organic matter content) is discharged into the ultrasonic reactor through the overflow port for ultrasonic treatment, and then sent to the anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion. The other separated waste (high sand content) can be discharged into a separate high sand content sludge thickening tank through the bottom outlet, which can be used as a raw material for manufacturing building materials, realizing the efficient treatment of waste by quality separation.

[0024] 2. The separation device in this application embodiment can quickly and efficiently separate organic and inorganic matter in waste, effectively improving the composition of waste; at the same time, most of the inorganic particulate matter is discharged through the bottom outlet of the separation device, thereby reducing the content of inorganic sand particles in waste in subsequent ultrasonic treatment and anaerobic digestion processes, avoiding its occupancy effect that reduces the effective volume of the equipment and causes problems such as equipment wear and pipe blockage.

[0025] 3. Waste, especially overflow sludge with high organic matter content discharged from the overflow outlet after waste has been treated by the separation device, is readily subjected to ultrasonic treatment in a subsequent ultrasonic reactor. Ultrasound, through high-frequency sound wave energy input and its cavitation effect, breaks down the waste structure and even disrupts cell walls, increasing the concentration of dissolved organic matter, reducing the particle size of the waste, and thus accelerating the subsequent anaerobic digestion process.

[0026] 4. The pretreatment method of this application embodiment is an important means to overcome the bottleneck of anaerobic digestion engineering application, and promotes the stabilization, harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of waste, especially sludge.

[0027] 5. The pretreatment apparatus and method of this application significantly improve the anaerobic digestion effect of waste, reduce the reaction time of anaerobic digestion, reduce the size of the anaerobic digestion device, save the overall footprint of the waste treatment system, and reduce investment costs.

[0028] 6. The preprocessing methods in the embodiments of this application are all physical methods, which have advantages such as high efficiency, small footprint, low cost and no secondary pollution.

[0029] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solutions of this application and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of this application.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a pretreatment method for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the separation device in a pretreatment apparatus for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of the separation device.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the MLVSS / MLSS values ​​in the waste from the overflow port and underflow port of the separation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the SCOD values ​​of waste before and after treatment by the ultrasonic reactor according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the average particle size of waste before and after treatment by the ultrasonic reactor according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the methane production potential of the waste at the inlet, overflow, and underflow outlet of the separation device in this application embodiment, the waste discharged from the overflow outlet and treated by the ultrasonic reactor in this application embodiment, and the waste treated directly by the ultrasonic reactor without separation device treatment.

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 100 - First-stage separation unit; 200 - Second-stage separation unit; 300 - Separation device;

[0041] 1-Outer cylinder, 11-First end wall, 12-First separation chamber, 13-Second separation chamber, 14-First feed inlet, 15-First underflow outlet, 16-First overflow outlet, 17-Second feed inlet, 18-Second underflow outlet, 19-Second overflow outlet, 110-Discharge outlet, 111-Second end wall;

[0042] 2-First inner cone, 21-First conical segment, 211-Second communicating cavity;

[0043] 3-Second inner cone, 31-Second conical segment, 32-Second cylindrical segment;

[0044] 4-Helical body, 41-Cylindrical part, 411-First connecting cavity, 42-Helical blade, 43-Helical flow channel;

[0045] 5-Ultrasonic reactor, 51-First ultrasonic unit, 52-Second ultrasonic unit;

[0046] 6-Anaerobic digestion device. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0048] The following detailed description of this application is based on specific examples, but these examples should not be construed as limiting the application.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, a pretreatment method for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste is provided, including the following steps:

[0050] Step S102: Separate the organic and inorganic matter in the waste using a separation device. The separation device includes one or more separation units, and the underflow port of one of the separation units is connected to the inlet of an adjacent separation unit, allowing the separation units to be connected in series. The waste is configured to undergo spiral motion within the separation chamber of the separation unit to achieve the separation of organic and inorganic matter. The organic matter content in the waste discharged from the overflow port of the separation unit is higher than the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the underflow port of the same separation unit.

[0051] Step S104: Discharge the waste discharged from the overflow port of the separation unit into the ultrasonic reactor for ultrasonic treatment.

[0052] The pretreatment method for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste in this application embodiment can be achieved through... Figure 2 The pretreatment device shown is used to enhance the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste. This pretreatment device may include a separation unit 300 and an ultrasonic reactor 5.

[0053] Separation device 300 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the separation device 300 can be used to perform waste separation operations. The separation device may include one or more (e.g., two) separation units, and the waste may be high-sand-content sludge such as residual sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants or riverbed sediment.

[0054] In the process of waste separation, the waste is first fed into the first-stage separation unit 100 of the two separation units. The waste undergoes spiral motion within the separation chamber (i.e., the first separation chamber 12) of the first-stage separation unit 100 to separate organic and inorganic matter (e.g., inorganic sand particles). This results in a higher concentration of inorganic matter and a lower concentration of organic matter in the waste discharged from the underflow outlet (i.e., the first underflow outlet 15) of the first-stage separation unit 100 compared to the waste entering the first-stage separation unit 100 through the inlet (i.e., the first inlet 14). Conversely, the waste discharged from the overflow outlet (i.e., the first overflow outlet 16) of the first-stage separation unit 100 exhibits a lower concentration of inorganic matter and a higher concentration of organic matter. The concentration of inorganic matter increases; then, the waste discharged from the first underflow port 15 of the first-stage separation unit 100 can be input into the second-stage separation unit 200. The waste can undergo spiral motion in the separation chamber (i.e., the second separation chamber 13) of the second-stage separation unit 200, so that the second-stage separation unit 200 can further separate the organic and inorganic matter in the waste. This results in the concentration of inorganic matter in the waste discharged from the overflow port (i.e., the second overflow port 19) of the second-stage separation unit 200 being further reduced and the concentration of organic matter being increased. The concentration of inorganic matter in the waste discharged from the underflow port (i.e., the second underflow port 18) of the second-stage separation unit 200 is further increased and the concentration of organic matter is further reduced, so as to further remove inorganic matter from the waste.

[0055] After the waste is separated by the separation device 300, part of the waste (high organic matter content) is discharged through the second overflow port 19 and merges with the first overflow port 16 to enter the ultrasonic reactor 5 for ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasound, through the input of high-frequency sound wave energy and its cavitation effect, breaks down the structure of the waste and even breaks the cell wall, increases the concentration of dissolved organic matter, and reduces the particle size of the waste, so as to accelerate the subsequent anaerobic digestion process of the waste. Another part of the waste (high sand content) is discharged through the second underflow port 18 and can enter a separate high sand content sludge thickening tank.

[0056] The pretreatment method for improving anaerobic digestion of methanogens and energy conversion of waste provided in this application embodiment involves waste that has been treated by the separation device 300 and discharged through two overflow ports (first overflow port 16 and second overflow port 19). This waste has a high organic matter content and is easily treated by the subsequent ultrasonic reactor 5. Ultrasonic treatment can break down the waste structure and even break down the cell walls, increase the concentration of dissolved organic matter, reduce the particle size of the waste, and thus accelerate the subsequent anaerobic digestion process. The inorganic matter content in the overflow waste is low, which avoids its space occupation effect, reducing the effective volume of the equipment, and causing problems such as equipment wear and pipe blockage.

[0057] The waste with high inorganic content discharged from the second underflow outlet 18 after being treated by the separation device 300 can be discharged into the sludge thickening tank and used as raw material for manufacturing building materials.

[0058] The pretreatment method for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste provided in this application embodiment achieves efficient treatment of waste by different grades. Moreover, the pretreatment method is a physical method, which has the advantages of high efficiency, small footprint, low cost and no secondary pollution.

[0059] In some exemplary embodiments, the ultrasonic reactor 5 may include one or more ultrasonic units, which may be tubular ultrasonic units, and multiple tubular ultrasonic units may be connected in series. Of course, the ultrasonic units may also be in other forms besides tubular. Figure 2 As shown, the ultrasonic reactor 5 may include two ultrasonic units: a first ultrasonic unit 51 and a second ultrasonic unit 52, and the first ultrasonic unit 51 and the second ultrasonic unit 52 are connected in series.

[0060] Based on this, the operating parameters of the tubular ultrasonic unit during ultrasonic treatment can be as follows: power: 0-1000 W; ultrasonic frequency: 20-40 kHz; power density: 0.4-1.2 W / mL; waste residence time: 5-60 s.

[0061] The tubular ultrasonic unit uses the above-mentioned operating parameters to ultrasonically treat waste with high organic matter content, which can effectively break down the structure of the waste and even break the cell walls, so as to increase the concentration of soluble organic matter, reduce the particle size of the waste, and thus accelerate the subsequent anaerobic digestion process of the waste.

[0062] Of course, the operating parameters of the tubular ultrasonic unit are not limited to the above range and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0063] In some exemplary embodiments, the pressure of the waste entering the separation device 300 (i.e., the pressure of the waste entering the first feed port 14 of the first-stage separation unit 100) is 0.2 MPa to 0.5 MPa, such as 0.3 MPa.

[0064] The pressure of the waste entering the first feed inlet 14 of the first-stage separation unit 100 is between 0.2 MPa and 0.5 MPa, so as to achieve efficient and effective separation and treatment of the waste by using the two-stage separation unit, thereby increasing the organic matter content of the overflow waste after treatment by the two-stage separation unit.

[0065] This application also provides a waste disposal method, including:

[0066] Step S202: Pre-treat the waste according to the pre-treatment method for improving anaerobic digestion methanogen and waste energy conversion in any of the above embodiments;

[0067] Step S204: The ultrasonically treated waste is sent into an anaerobic digestion device for anaerobic digestion.

[0068] After being separated by the separation device 300 and ultrasonically treated by the ultrasonic reactor 5, the waste structure is broken down or even the cell walls are broken, the concentration of soluble organic matter increases, and the particle size of the waste is reduced, which facilitates the anaerobic digestion of the waste in the anaerobic digestion device 6, accelerates the anaerobic digestion process, reduces the reaction time of anaerobic digestion, and significantly improves the anaerobic digestion effect of the waste.

[0069] In some exemplary embodiments, the anaerobic digestion process is a mesophilic anaerobic digestion process, and the operating parameters are: temperature of 37±0.5°C and residence time of 12-20 days.

[0070] Of course, the temperature and residence time for anaerobic digestion are not limited to the above ranges and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0071] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste is also provided, including: a separation device 300 and an ultrasonic reactor 5.

[0072] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the separation device 300 includes one or more separation units, each of which has a separation chamber, and an inlet, a bottom outlet, and an overflow outlet communicating with the separation chamber. The bottom outlet of one of the separation units is connected to the inlet of an adjacent separation unit, allowing the separation units to be connected in series. The separation unit is configured to separate organic and inorganic matter in the waste through the spiral motion of the waste within its separation chamber, such that the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the overflow outlet of the separation unit is higher than the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the bottom outlet of the separation unit.

[0073] The inlet of the ultrasonic reactor 5 is connected to the overflow outlet of all separation units, and the ultrasonic reactor 5 is configured to perform ultrasonic treatment on waste.

[0074] When this pretreatment device processes waste, the waste first passes through a separation unit to separate organic and inorganic matter, or through multiple separation units connected in series to separate organic and inorganic matter. Then, the overflow waste (high organic matter content) discharged from the overflow port of each separation unit is discharged into the ultrasonic reactor 5, and the ultrasonic reactor 5 is used to ultrasonically treat the waste. Through the input of high-frequency sound wave energy and its cavitation effect, the waste structure is broken down and even the cell walls are broken, increasing the concentration of dissolved organic matter, reducing the particle size of waste, and thus accelerating the subsequent anaerobic digestion process of waste.

[0075] In some exemplary embodiments, the separation device includes multiple separation units, and further includes an outer cylinder 1 and multiple inner cones.

[0076] The outer cylinder 1 is provided with at least one partition to divide the space inside the outer cylinder into multiple separate cavities. The outer cylinder 1 can be a cylindrical cylinder. Alternatively, the outer cylinder 1 can be a non-cylindrical cylinder.

[0077] Multiple inner cones are arranged one-to-one in multiple separation chambers, with the small end of the inner cone facing the side where the feed port and overflow port are connected to the corresponding separation chamber, and the large end of the inner cone close to the bottom flow port connected to the corresponding separation chamber.

[0078] When the separation device 300 is working, the waste enters the separation chamber of the separation unit and undergoes a spiral motion, generating a spiral flow. Under the action of the inner cone within the separation chamber, this spiral flow is divided into two parts: one part (outer spiral flow) moves towards the bottom outlet of the separation chamber and is discharged from the bottom outlet, while the other part (inner spiral flow) moves towards the overflow outlet of the separation chamber and is discharged from the overflow outlet. Within the separation chamber, the basic principle of inorganic and organic matter separation is centrifugal sedimentation. Inorganic matter, due to the greater centrifugal force, moves towards the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 and is discharged from the bottom outlet with the outer spiral flow; organic matter, due to the smaller centrifugal force, does not have time to settle and is discharged from the overflow outlet with the inner spiral flow. This separates the organic and inorganic matter in the waste, resulting in a higher organic matter content and a lower inorganic matter content in the waste discharged from the overflow outlet, and a lower organic matter content and a higher inorganic matter content in the waste discharged from the bottom outlet.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the separator includes a spiral body 4, which includes a cylindrical part 41 and a spiral blade 42. The spiral blade 42 is disposed between the outer wall surface of the cylindrical part 41 and the inner wall surface of the outer cylinder 1 to form a spiral flow channel 43. The inlet of the spiral flow channel 43 is connected to the bottom flow port of the separation chamber on one side of the separator, and the outlet of the spiral flow channel 43 is connected to the feed port of the separation chamber on the other side of the separator.

[0080] The separator inside the outer cylinder 1 includes a spiral body 4. The cylindrical portion 41 of the spiral body 4 has an annular cavity between it and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1. The annular cavity is divided into a spiral flow channel 43 by a spiral blade 42. The inlet of the spiral flow channel 43 is connected to the bottom outlet of the separation chamber on one side of the separator, and the outlet of the spiral flow channel 43 is connected to the feed inlet of the separation chamber on the other side of the separator. This allows the waste discharged from the bottom outlet of the separation chamber on one side of the separator to first enter the spiral flow channel 43 and move in a spiral motion, and then enter the separation chamber on the other side of the separator, so that the waste can be spirally separated in the other separation chamber.

[0081] The separator connects the underflow inlet and feed inlet of adjacent separation chambers on both sides, thus enabling the series connection of two adjacent separation units. This facilitates the sequential series connection of multiple separation units using at least one separator. Furthermore, the spiral flow channel 43 facilitates the spiral motion of waste discharged into the separation chamber of the next-stage separation unit, thereby achieving the separation of organic and inorganic matter within the separation chamber.

[0082] In some exemplary embodiments, the separation device 300 includes two separation units, two inner cones, and a separator.

[0083] The two separation units are the first-stage separation unit 100 and the second-stage separation unit 200, respectively.

[0084] The first-stage separation unit 100 has a first separation chamber (separation chamber of the first-stage separation unit) 12, and a first feed inlet (feed inlet of the first-stage separation unit) 14, a first underflow inlet (underflow inlet of the first-stage separation unit) 15, and a first overflow inlet (overflow chamber of the first-stage separation unit) 16 connected to the first separation chamber 12. The second-stage separation unit 200 has a second separation chamber (separation chamber of the second-stage separation unit) 13, and a second feed inlet (feed inlet of the second-stage separation unit) 17, a second underflow inlet (underflow inlet of the second-stage separation unit) 18, and a second overflow inlet (overflow chamber of the second-stage separation unit) 19 connected to the second separation chamber 13. The first underflow inlet 15 is connected to the inlet of the spiral channel 43, the second feed inlet 17 is connected to the outlet of the spiral channel 43, and the first overflow inlet 16 and the second overflow inlet 19 are both connected to the inlet of the ultrasonic reactor 5.

[0085] The two inner cones are the first inner cone 2 and the second inner cone 3. The first inner cone 2 is disposed in the first separation chamber 12, and the small end of the first inner cone 2 faces the side where the first feed port 14 and the first overflow port 16 are located, while the large end of the first inner cone 2 is close to the first underflow port 15.

[0086] The second inner cone 3 is disposed in the second separation chamber 13, with the small end of the second inner cone 3 facing the side where the second feed port 17 and the second overflow port 19 are located, and the large end of the second inner cone 3 is close to the second underflow port 18.

[0087] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, when the separation device 300 is working, waste can enter the first separation chamber 12 through the first feed inlet 14 and move in a spiral motion. The waste rotates in the first separation chamber 12, generating a spiral flow. Under the action of the first inner cone 2, this spiral flow is divided into two parts, one part being the spiral flow (such as...) Figure 4 The external spiral flow (as shown in M1) moves towards the first underflow outlet 15 and is discharged from the first underflow outlet 15, while the other part of the spiral flow (such as...) Figure 4 The internal spiral flow (M2) flows towards the first overflow port 16 and is discharged from the first overflow port 16. Within the first separation chamber 12, both the external spiral flow M1 and the internal spiral flow M2 exist simultaneously to achieve the separation of organic and inorganic matter in the waste.

[0088] After primary separation in the first-stage separation unit 100, the waste stream discharged from the first bottom outlet 15 passes through the spiral channel 43 and then enters the second separation chamber 13 through the second inlet 17, where it undergoes spiral motion. The waste rotates within the second separation chamber 13, generating a spiral flow. Under the action of the second inner cone 3, this spiral flow is divided into two parts: one part is the spiral flow (such as...) Figure 4 The external spiral flow (as shown in M3) moves towards the second underflow port 18 and is discharged from the second underflow port 18, while another part of the spiral flow (such as...) Figure 3 The internal spiral flow (M4) moves towards the second overflow port 19 and is discharged from the second overflow port 19. In the second separation chamber 13, the external spiral flow M3 and the internal spiral flow M4 exist simultaneously to achieve the further separation of waste.

[0089] After two stages of separation by the first separation unit 100 and the second separation unit 200, the waste discharged from the second underflow port 18 of the second separation unit 200 can be discharged into the sludge thickening tank, and the waste discharged from the first overflow port 16 and the second overflow port 19 can be discharged into the ultrasonic reactor 5 for ultrasonic treatment.

[0090] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 3 As shown, the first inner cone 2 includes a first conical segment 21, a cylindrical portion 41 of the separator is disposed at the large end of the first conical segment 21, and a first communicating cavity 411 is provided inside the cylindrical portion 41. The first conical segment 21 is provided with a second communicating cavity 211. The outer cylinder 1 is provided with a discharge port 110, and a second overflow port 19 is disposed at the end of the cylindrical portion 41 away from the first inner cone 2. The second overflow port 19, the first communicating cavity 411, the second communicating cavity 211 and the discharge port 110 are sequentially connected. The first conical segment 21 and its inner second communicating cavity 211 can be conical, and the cylindrical portion 41 and its inner first communicating cavity 411 can be cylindrical.

[0091] The cylindrical portion 41 of the spiral body 4 is located at the large end of the first conical section 21 of the first inner cone 2, and the cylindrical portion 41 and the first conical section 21 are respectively provided with a first connecting cavity 411 and a second connecting cavity 211. The second overflow port 19 is located on the cylindrical portion 41 of the spiral body 4, and the second overflow port 19 can be connected to the discharge port 110 on the outer cylinder 1 through the first connecting cavity 411 and the second connecting cavity 211, so that the sludge overflowing from the second overflow port 19 can be discharged from the discharge port 110 after passing through the first connecting cavity 411 and the second connecting cavity 211.

[0092] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 3As shown, the first overflow port 16 and the discharge port 110 are both disposed on the first end wall 11 of the outer cylinder 1, which is opposite to the small end of the first conical section 21, and the first overflow port 16 surrounds the outside of the discharge port 110. The first end wall 11 can be the upper end wall of the outer cylinder 1, and the small end of the first conical section 21 faces upward.

[0093] The first overflow port 16 surrounds the outside of the discharge port 110 and is arranged compactly, which helps to reduce the size of the first end wall 11 and facilitates the discharge of sludge from the first overflow port 16 and the second overflow port 19 into the ultrasonic reactor 5.

[0094] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 3 As shown, the second inner cone 3 includes a second conical section 31 and a second cylindrical section 32. The smaller end of the second conical section 31 faces the separator. One end of the second cylindrical section 32 is connected to the larger end of the second conical section 31, and the other end of the second cylindrical section 32 is connected to the second end wall 111 of the outer cylinder 1. The second end wall 111 of the outer cylinder 1 is disposed opposite to the first end wall 11. The second conical section 31 can be conical, and the second cylindrical section 32 can be cylindrical.

[0095] The first feed inlet 14 and the second underflow outlet 18 are both located on the side wall of the outer cylinder 1, with the first feed inlet 14 close to the first end wall 11 of the outer cylinder 1 and the second underflow outlet 18 close to the second end wall 111 of the outer cylinder 1.

[0096] In the separation device 300, the first inner cone 2, the separator, and the second inner cone 3 can be arranged sequentially from top to bottom, and the small ends of the first inner cone 2 and the second inner cone 3 both face upward. The first feed port 14 can be located on the upper part of the side wall of the outer cylinder 1. The first overflow port 16 and the discharge port 110 are both located on the upper end wall (first end wall 11) of the outer cylinder 1. The second bottom flow port 18 can be located on the lower part of the side wall of the outer cylinder 1 and close to the second end wall 111 of the outer cylinder 1 (the second end wall 111 can be the lower end wall).

[0097] The separation device 300 has advantages such as simple and compact structure, small footprint, high separation efficiency, and low operation and maintenance costs. Moreover, it does not require the addition of reagents, realizing a low-consumption and high-efficiency separation technology.

[0098] In some of these embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the dimensions of the separation device 300 satisfy at least one of the following:

[0099] The inner diameter D of the outer cylinder 1 is: 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 250 mm;

[0100] The diameter d of the first feed inlet 14 is: d ≤ 0.25 D;

[0101] The diameter O1 of the first overflow port 16 is: O1 ≤ 0.25 D, and the diameter O2 of the second overflow port 19 is: O2 ≤ 0.25D;

[0102] One end of the first overflow port 16 extends into the first separation chamber 12, and the length l1 extending into the first separation chamber 12 is: 0.4D ≤ l1 ≤ 0.8D; one end of the second overflow port 19 extends into the second separation chamber 13, and the length l2 extending into the second separation chamber 13 is: 0.4D ≤ l2 ≤ 0.8D.

[0103] The diameter U2 of the second bottom outlet 18 is: U2 ≤ 0.15 D;

[0104] The diameter F of the discharge port 110 is: F ≥ O2;

[0105] The distance L1 between the first end wall 11 of the outer cylinder 1 and the large end of the first conical section 21 is: 3.0 D ≤ L1 ≤ 6.0 D, and the distance L2 between the separator and the large end of the second conical section 31 is: 3.0 D ≤ L2 ≤ 6.0 D;

[0106] The diameter D1 of the large end of the first conical segment 21 is: D1 ≤ 0.80 D, and the diameter D2 of the large end of the second conical segment 31 is: D2 ≤ 0.80 D;

[0107] The height h1 of the first conical segment 21 is: 2.0 D ≤ h1 ≤ 3.5 D; the height h2 of the second conical segment 31 is: 2.0 D ≤ h2 ≤ 3.5 D; and the height G2 of the second cylindrical segment 32 is: 0.5 D2 ≤ G2 ≤ ​​1.5 D2.

[0108] The cone angle θ1 of the first conical segment 21 is: 16° ​​≤ θ1 ≤ 24°, and the cone angle θ2 of the second conical segment 31 is: 16° ​​≤ θ2 ≤ 24°.

[0109] The number of turns of the spiral blade 42 is 2-6;

[0110] The helix angle β of the helical blade 42 is: 0° ≤ β ≤ 30°;

[0111] The outer diameter of the cylindrical part 41 is set to be equal to the diameter D1 of the large end of the first tapered section 21.

[0112] Of course, the dimensions of the separation device 300 are not limited to the above range and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0113] It should be understood that the aforementioned "diameter" can refer to the diameter when the components or structures are cylindrical or circular, or to the equivalent diameter when the components or structures are non-cylindrical or non-circular.

[0114] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 3 As shown, the first feed inlet 14 is tangentially arranged with the first separation chamber 12 so that the waste forms a spiral motion in the first separation chamber 12 to achieve the separation of waste.

[0115] Of course, the first feed inlet 14 and the first separation chamber 12 can also be configured not to be tangent, but the spiral movement of waste in the first separation chamber 12 can be achieved by setting a spiral flow channel in the first separation chamber 12 (such as a spiral flow channel 43 similar to that in the second separation chamber 13).

[0116] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 3 As shown, the second bottom outlet 18 can be tangentially arranged with the second separation chamber 13, and the axes of the first overflow outlet 16 and the discharge outlet 110 can coincide, that is, the first overflow outlet 16 and the discharge outlet 110 can be coaxially arranged.

[0117] In some exemplary embodiments, the separation device 300 further includes a transfer pump (not shown), the outlet of which is connected to a first inlet 14. The transfer pump is configured such that the pressure of the waste entering the first inlet 14 is 0.2 MPa to 0.5 MPa. The transfer pump device applying working pressure to the waste may be a submersible pump, a rotary pump, or other mechanical device for conveying fluids.

[0118] In some exemplary embodiments, each discharge port of the separation device 300 (e.g. Figure 4 and Figures 2-4 The first overflow port 16, the second underflow port 18 and the discharge port 110 are all equipped with electric valves to regulate the waste discharge flow rate.

[0119] In some exemplary embodiments, the separation device 300 is made of cast iron or stainless steel. Of course, other materials may also be used for the separation device 300 depending on the actual situation.

[0120] In some exemplary embodiments, the axis of the outer cylinder 1 may be perpendicular to the horizontal plane to achieve upright mounting of the separation device 300, such as... Figure 2 As shown; or, the axis of the outer cylinder 1 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane to achieve the oblique installation of the separation device 300; or, the axis of the outer cylinder 1 is parallel to the horizontal plane to achieve the horizontal installation of the separation device 300.

[0121] In some exemplary embodiments, the ultrasonic reactor 5 includes one or more ultrasonic units, which are connected in series. The ultrasonic units are tubular or rod-type ultrasonic units.

[0122] The number of tubular ultrasonic units in ultrasonic reactor 5 can be determined according to the amount of waste to be processed, and multiple tubular ultrasonic units can be arranged in series.

[0123] In some exemplary embodiments, multiple ultrasonic reactors 5 are provided, and the multiple ultrasonic reactors 5 are connected in parallel.

[0124] In some exemplary embodiments, multiple separation devices 300 are provided, and the multiple separation devices 300 are connected in parallel.

[0125] Depending on the amount of waste to be processed, multiple ultrasonic reactors 5 and / or separation devices 300 may be installed, and multiple ultrasonic reactors 5 and multiple separation devices 300 may be operated in parallel.

[0126] In some exemplary embodiments, the underflow port of the separation unit (e.g., the second underflow port 18) may be connected to a sludge thickening tank so as to discharge waste with high inorganic content (e.g., high sand content) into the sludge thickening tank.

[0127] This application also provides a waste treatment system, including an anaerobic digester 6 and a pretreatment device for improving anaerobic digestion of methane and waste energy conversion in any of the above embodiments, wherein the outlet of the ultrasonic reactor 5 of the pretreatment device is connected to the anaerobic digester 6.

[0128] The waste treatment system of this application embodiment can use the separation device 300 of the pretreatment device to separate the organic and inorganic matter of the waste, and use the ultrasonic reactor 5 of the pretreatment device to break down the structure of the waste and even break the cell walls, thereby increasing the concentration of soluble organic matter and reducing the particle size of the waste, which facilitates the anaerobic digestion treatment of the waste in the anaerobic digestion device 6. The waste after ultrasonic treatment can enter the anaerobic digestion device 6 for anaerobic digestion treatment, which accelerates the anaerobic digestion process of the waste, reduces the reaction time of anaerobic digestion of the waste, and significantly improves the anaerobic digestion effect of the waste.

[0129] In some exemplary embodiments, the anaerobic digestion device 6 may be an anaerobic digester or an anaerobic digester tank. The shape of the anaerobic digestion device 6 may be a tall, thin conical column, a short, thick conical column, or an oval shape, etc., of a fully mixed anaerobic reactor.

[0130] The following specific embodiment illustrates the effectiveness of the pretreatment method and apparatus for improving anaerobic digestion of methanogens and waste energy conversion.

[0131] This embodiment provides a pretreatment method and apparatus for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste, wherein the pretreated waste is sludge.

[0132] like Figure 3 As shown, the pretreatment device mainly includes a separation device 300 and an ultrasonic reactor 5 connected in sequence.

[0133] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the structural parameters of the separation device 300 are as follows: the inner diameter D of the outer cylinder 1 is 60 mm; the diameter d of the first feed inlet 14 is 15 mm; the diameter D1 of the large end of the first conical section 21 is 48 mm, and the diameter D2 of the large end of the second conical section 31 is 44 mm; the diameter O1 of the first overflow port 16 is 14 mm, and the diameter O2 of the second overflow port 19 is 8 mm; the diameter F of the overflow discharge port 110 is 8 mm; the diameter U2 of the second bottom flow port 18 is 6 mm; the length l1 of the first overflow port 16 extending into the first separation chamber 12 is 40 mm, and the length l2 of the second overflow port 19 extending into the second separation chamber 13 is 35 mm; the length L1 of the first separation chamber 12 is 220 mm, and the length L2 of the second separation chamber 13 is 190 mm; the height h1 of the first conical section 21 is 145 mm, and the height h2 of the second conical section 31 is 125 mm. mm; the cone angle θ1 of the first conical segment 21 is 16°, the cone angle θ2 of the second conical segment 31 is 20°; the number of turns of the spiral blade 42 is 4; the helix angle β of the spiral blade 42 is 10°; the height G2 of the second cylindrical segment 32 is 30 mm.

[0134] In this embodiment, the pressure of the sludge input to the first feed inlet 14 of the first-stage separation unit 100 (i.e., the working pressure or driving pressure of the separation device 300, and the device applying the pressure is a delivery pump) is 0.3 MPa.

[0135] In this embodiment, the separation device 300 is made of cast iron or stainless steel.

[0136] In this embodiment, the flow rate of the second underflow port 18 of the separation device 300 is controlled by an electric valve. By controlling the opening of the electric valve, the flow rate of the second underflow port 18 is approximately 7% of the flow rate of the first feed port 14.

[0137] The sludge (high sand content) discharged from the second underflow port 18 of the separation device 300 is discharged into a separate high sand content sludge thickening tank. The ultrasonic reactor 5 is connected to both the first overflow port 16 and the discharge port 110 of the separation device 300 for further treatment of the overflow sludge (high organic matter content).

[0138] The ultrasonic reactor 5 includes multiple tubular ultrasonic units, of which there can be two. The power of a single tubular ultrasonic unit can be 1000 W, the ultrasonic frequency can be 26 kHz, the power density can be 0.8 W / mL, and the sludge retention time is 50 s.

[0139] In this embodiment, the anaerobic digestion device 6 can be a coarse-diameter, short-column conical fully mixed anaerobic reactor for mesophilic anaerobic digestion (temperature can be 37±0.5 °C) and a residence time of 15 days.

[0140] In this embodiment, the concentration of the feed sludge at the first feed inlet 14 of the separation device 300 can be 32.6 g / L.

[0141] The pretreatment device for enhancing anaerobic digestion and waste energy conversion was used in this implementation to pretreat sludge. The experimental results are as follows:

[0142] like Figure 6 As shown, the volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) / mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) ratio in the sludge at the inlet (first inlet 14) of the separation unit 300 is 0.48. After treatment by the separation unit 300, the MLVSS / MLSS ratio in the sludge mixture discharged from the overflow outlet (first overflow outlet 16 and discharge outlet 110) of the separation unit 300 increases to 0.52, and the organic matter content in the sludge increases by approximately 8.33%. The MLVSS / MLSS ratio in the sludge discharged from the underflow outlet (second underflow outlet 18) of the separation unit 300 decreases to 0.16, and the organic matter content in the sludge decreases by approximately 66.7%. The experimental results show that the separation unit 300 can separate organic and inorganic matter in sludge, achieving efficient sludge treatment by separation, while reducing the inorganic sand content in subsequent sludge treatment processes, avoiding its space-occupying effect that reduces the effective volume of the equipment, and preventing problems such as equipment wear and pipe blockage.

[0143] like Figure 7 As shown, the average SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand) of the overflow sludge from the separation device 300 (sludge discharged from the first overflow port 16 and the discharge port 110) is 138 mg / L. After ultrasonic treatment, the average SCOD of the ultrasonic sludge reaches 309 mg / L, an increase of approximately 1.24 times. Figure 8As shown, regarding sludge particle size, the average particle size of the overflow sludge (sludge discharged from the first overflow port 16 and discharge port 110) from the separation device 300 is 105 μm. After ultrasonic treatment, the average particle size of the ultrasonic sludge reaches 59 μm. The experimental results indicate that ultrasound, through its cavitation effect and the resulting mechanical, thermal, and chemical effects, can efficiently break down sludge flocs, release dissolved organic matter in the sludge, thereby improving the SCOD of the sludge and reducing its particle size.

[0144] like ​ As shown, the average methanogenic potentials of the raw sludge (sludge from the first inlet 14 of the separation device 300), overflow sludge (sludge discharged from the first overflow port 16 and discharge port 110), underflow sludge (sludge discharged from the second bottom port 18), ultrasonically treated overflow sludge (sludge discharged from the first overflow port 16 and discharge port 110 after ultrasonic treatment), and ultrasonically treated raw sludge (sludge not treated by the separation device 300 after ultrasonic treatment) were 151, 154, 104, 172, and 163 NmL / g-VS, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the combined pretreatment of sludge by the separation device 300 and ultrasonic treatment significantly enhances the methanogenic potential of the sludge. Compared to the raw sludge and the sludge pretreated only by ultrasonic treatment, the methanogenic potential of the sludge pretreated by the separation device 300 and ultrasonic treatment is significantly increased by approximately 13.9% and 5.5%, respectively.

[0145] The above results indicate that the pretreatment method and apparatus of this application can effectively enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of sludge, increase the methane production from anaerobic digestion and the energy conversion rate of waste, and provide a new solution for the stabilization and resource utilization of sludge.

[0146] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0147] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0148] In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

[0149] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" and the like should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0150] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0151] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," and "specific embodiment" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0152] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A pretreatment method for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste, characterized in that, include: A separation device is used to separate organic and inorganic matter in waste. The separation device includes multiple separation units, and the underflow port of one of the separation units is connected to the inlet of an adjacent separation unit so that the multiple separation units are connected in series. The waste is configured to undergo spiral motion within the separation chamber of the separation unit to achieve the separation of organic and inorganic matter. The organic matter content in the waste discharged from the overflow port of the separation unit is higher than the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the underflow port of the separation unit. The waste discharged from the overflow port of the separation unit is discharged into an ultrasonic reactor for ultrasonic treatment; The separation device further includes: An outer cylinder, having at least one internal partition to divide the space within the outer cylinder into multiple separation chambers; and Multiple inner cones are arranged one-to-one in the multiple separation chambers, with the small end of the inner cone facing the side where the feed port and overflow port are connected to the corresponding separation chamber, and the large end of the inner cone close to the bottom flow port connected to the corresponding separation chamber. The separator includes a spiral body, which includes a cylindrical portion and spiral blades. The spiral blades are disposed between the outer wall of the cylindrical portion and the inner wall of the outer cylinder to form a spiral flow channel. The inlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the bottom outlet of the separation chamber on one side of the separator, and the outlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the feed inlet of the separation chamber on the other side of the separator.

2. The pretreatment method for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic reactor comprises one or more tubular ultrasonic units connected in series. The operating parameters of the tubular ultrasonic units are: power: 0-1000 W, ultrasonic frequency: 20-40 kHz, power density: 0.4-1.2 W / mL, waste residence time: 5-60 s; and / or The pressure of the waste input to the separation device is 0.2 MPa to 0.5 MPa.

3. A waste treatment method, characterized in that, include: The pretreatment method for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste, as described in claim 1 or 2, is used to pretreat the waste. The ultrasonically treated waste is sent to an anaerobic digester for anaerobic digestion.

4. The waste treatment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The anaerobic digestion process is a mesophilic anaerobic digestion process, and the operating parameters are: temperature 37±0.5°C, residence time 12-20 days.

5. A pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste, characterized in that, include: A separation device includes multiple separation units, each having a separation chamber and an inlet, a bottom outlet, and an overflow outlet communicating with the separation chamber. The bottom outlet of one of the multiple separation units is connected to the inlet of an adjacent separation unit, allowing the multiple separation units to be connected in series. Each separation unit is configured to separate organic and inorganic matter from waste through a spiral motion within its separation chamber, such that the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the overflow outlet of a separation unit is higher than the organic matter content in the waste discharged from the bottom outlet of that separation unit. An ultrasonic reactor, wherein the inlet of the ultrasonic reactor is connected to the overflow outlet of all the separation units, and the ultrasonic reactor is configured to perform ultrasonic treatment on the waste. The separation device further includes: An outer cylinder, having at least one internal partition to divide the space within the outer cylinder into multiple separation chambers; and Multiple inner cones are arranged one-to-one in the multiple separation chambers, with the small end of the inner cone facing the side where the feed port and overflow port are connected to the corresponding separation chamber, and the large end of the inner cone close to the bottom flow port connected to the corresponding separation chamber. The separator includes a spiral body, which includes a cylindrical portion and spiral blades. The spiral blades are disposed between the outer wall of the cylindrical portion and the inner wall of the outer cylinder to form a spiral flow channel. The inlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the bottom outlet of the separation chamber on one side of the separator, and the outlet of the spiral flow channel is connected to the feed inlet of the separation chamber on the other side of the separator.

6. The pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The axis of the outer cylinder is perpendicular to the horizontal plane; or, the axis of the outer cylinder is inclined relative to the horizontal plane; or, the axis of the outer cylinder is parallel to the horizontal plane.

7. The pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The separation device includes two separation units, two inner cones, and one partition. The two separation units are a first-stage separation unit and a second-stage separation unit, respectively. The underflow port of the first-stage separation unit is connected to the inlet of the spiral flow channel, and the feed port of the second-stage separation unit is connected to the outlet of the spiral flow channel. The overflow ports of the first-stage separation unit and the overflow ports of the second-stage separation unit are both connected to the inlet of the ultrasonic reactor. The two inner cones are a first inner cone and a second inner cone. The first inner cone is disposed in the separation chamber of the first-stage separation unit, with the small end of the first inner cone facing the side where the feed inlet and overflow outlet of the first-stage separation unit are located, and the large end of the first inner cone is close to the bottom outlet of the first-stage separation unit. The second inner cone is disposed in the separation chamber of the second-stage separation unit, with the small end of the second inner cone facing the side where the feed inlet and overflow outlet of the second-stage separation unit are located, and the large end of the second inner cone is close to the bottom outlet of the second-stage separation unit.

8. The pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first inner cone includes a first conical segment, the cylindrical part of the separator is disposed at the large end of the first conical segment, the cylindrical part is provided with a first communicating cavity, the first conical segment is provided with a second communicating cavity, the outer cylinder is provided with a discharge port, the overflow port of the second-stage separation unit is disposed at the end of the cylindrical part away from the first inner cone, and the overflow port of the second-stage separation unit, the first communicating cavity, the second communicating cavity and the discharge port are sequentially connected; The overflow port of the first-stage separation unit and the discharge port are both located on the first end wall of the outer cylinder opposite to the small end of the first conical section, and the overflow port of the first-stage separation unit surrounds the outside of the discharge port. The second inner cone includes a second conical section and a second cylindrical section. The small end of the second conical section faces the separator. One end of the second cylindrical section is connected to the large end of the second conical section. The other end of the second cylindrical section is connected to the second end wall of the outer cylinder. The second end wall of the outer cylinder is disposed opposite to the first end wall. The feed inlet of the first-stage separation unit and the underflow outlet of the second-stage separation unit are both located on the side wall of the outer cylinder, with the feed inlet of the first-stage separation unit close to the first end wall of the outer cylinder and the underflow outlet of the second-stage separation unit close to the second end wall of the outer cylinder.

9. The pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The dimensions of the separation device satisfy at least one of the following: The inner diameter D of the outer cylinder is: 50 mm ≤ D ≤ 250 mm; The diameter d of the feed inlet of the first-stage separation unit is: d ≤ 0.25 D; The diameter O1 of the overflow port of the first-stage separation unit is: O1 ≤ 0.25 D, and the diameter O2 of the overflow port of the second-stage separation unit is: O2 ≤ 0.25 D; One end of the overflow port of the first-stage separation unit extends into the separation chamber of the first-stage separation unit, and the length l1 extending into the separation chamber of the first-stage separation unit is: 0.4 D ≤ l1 ≤ 0.8 D. One end of the overflow port of the second-stage separation unit extends into the separation chamber of the second-stage separation unit, and the length l2 extending into the separation chamber of the second-stage separation unit is: 0.4 D ≤ l2 ≤ 0.8 D. The diameter U2 of the underflow outlet of the second-stage separation unit is: U2 ≤ 0.15 D; The diameter F of the discharge port is: F ≥ O2; The distance L1 between the first end wall of the outer cylinder and the large end of the first conical section is: 3.0 D ≤ L1 ≤ 6.0 D; the distance L2 between the separator and the large end of the second conical section is: 3.0 D ≤ L2 ≤ 6.0 D. The diameter D1 of the large end of the first conical segment is: D1 ≤ 0.80 D, and the diameter D2 of the large end of the second conical segment is: D2 ≤ 0.80 D; The height h1 of the first conical segment is: 2.0 D ≤ h1 ≤ 3.5 D, the height h2 of the second conical segment is: 2.0 D ≤ h2 ≤ 3.5 D, and the height G2 of the second cylindrical segment is: 0.5 D2 ≤ G2 ≤ ​​1.5 D2. The cone angle θ1 of the first conical segment is: 16° ​​≤ θ1 ≤ 24°, and the cone angle θ2 of the second conical segment is: 16° ​​≤ θ2 ≤ 24°. The spiral blade is wound 2-6 times. The helix angle β of the helical blade is: 0° ≤ β ≤ 30°; The outer diameter of the cylindrical part is set to be equal to the diameter D1 of the large end of the first conical segment.

10. The pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion methanogens and waste according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that, The ultrasonic reactor comprises a single ultrasonic unit, or the ultrasonic reactor comprises multiple ultrasonic units connected in series; and / or The ultrasonic unit of the ultrasonic reactor is a tubular ultrasonic unit; and / or The separation device is provided in multiple units, and the multiple separation devices are connected in parallel; and / or The ultrasonic reactor is provided in multiple units, and the multiple ultrasonic reactors are connected in parallel.

11. A waste treatment system, characterized in that, The invention includes an anaerobic digester and a pretreatment device for improving the energy conversion of anaerobic digestion of methane and waste, as described in any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the outlet of the ultrasonic reactor of the pretreatment device is connected to the anaerobic digester.

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