Soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residues and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of polycrystalline silicon materials, in particular to a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residues and a preparation method of the soluble silicon fertilizer. The invention relates to a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residues. The soluble silicon fertilizer is prepared by carrying out alkaline hydrolysis, hydrothermal reaction, separation and drying on the chlorosilane residues generated in polycrystalline silicon production. The soluble silicon content (based on SiO2) in the soluble silicon fertilizer is greater than or equal to 20wt%. The preparation method of the soluble silicon fertilizer comprises the following steps: carrying out alkaline hydrolysis on the chlorosilane residues, mixing the chlorosilane residues and alkali according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-2: 1, adding 8-12 times of water, and stirring at normal temperature for 18-36 hours; carrying out hydrothermal reaction, carrying out reaction on the product obtained in the step S101 for 12-18 hours at the pressure of 1.5-2.2 MPa and the temperature of 150-210 DEG C, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the reaction product, and drying, so as to obtain the soluble silicon fertilizer. The method has the advantages of simple process and high conversion rate. The product quality is stable and the economic benefit is high. Waste is turned into wealth, and resources are regenerated. The environment is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of polysilicon materials, and in particular to a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Silicon fertilizer is a new type of slightly alkaline soluble fertilizer that can increase production and improve the quality of fruits, vegetables and grains. It is praised by soil and fertilizer scientists as "plant regulating fertilizer", "quality fertilizer" and "health fertilizer". According to surveys, my country's cultivated land is seriously deficient in silicon. About half of the soil in the Yangtze River Basin, Huanghuai and Liaoning is deficient in silicon, and the silicon-deficient area is gradually expanding. Therefore, the application of silicon fertilizer has become an inevitable measure to supplement silicon in my country's soil.

[0003] At present, there are two main ways to deal with the impure chlorosilane that cannot be recycled in the polysilicon industry: one is to hydrolyze it to convert it into SiO2 filter cake and then transport it for treatment, resulting in a certain amount of silicon resource waste; the other is to generate inorganic chemical products by hydrolysis and physical and chemical reactions, such as the publication number CN101386415A discloses a method for preparing inorganic chemical products using polysilicon production waste, but the inorganic chemical products prepared by this method have low added value. It has been found that impure chlorosilane does not contain heavy metals. If it is converted into silicon fertilizer, it can not only improve resource utilization, but also increase the economic benefits of the enterprise. The difficulties in developing silicon fertilizer using impure chlorosilane are mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, in the process of producing silicon fertilizer with chlorosilane, silicic acid often aggregates into large particles and precipitates, which hinders the release of effective silicon and affects the quality of silicon fertilizer; on the other hand, there is no public report on the preparation of soluble silicon fertilizer using the chlorosilane residual liquid (slag) produced in the process of producing polysilicon. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residual liquid (slag) generated in the process of producing polysilicon, which has complete chlorosilane treatment, is environmentally friendly, has stable product quality, high added value and simple process.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue.

[0007] A soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue, wherein the soluble silicon fertilizer is prepared from chlorosilane residue produced by polysilicon production through alkaline hydrolysis, hydrothermal reaction and separation and drying;

[0008] The soluble silicon content (in terms of SiO2) in the soluble silicon fertilizer is ≥ 20wt%.

[0009] Furthermore, the soluble silicon fertilizer also contains 1-8 wt% of a surfactant.

[0010] Furthermore, the surfactant is any one of chitosan and / or diatomaceous earth and / or cellulose.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing soluble silicon fertilizer from chlorosilane residue.

[0012] A method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue, the method comprising:

[0013] S101 chlorosilane residue is alkaline hydrolyzed. After the chlorosilane residue is mixed with alkali in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 2:1, 8 to 12 times of water is added and stirred at room temperature for 18 to 36 hours;

[0014] S102 hydrothermal reaction, the product of step S101 is reacted at 1.5-2.2 MPa and 150-210° C. for 12-18 hours, and the reaction product is dried after solid-liquid separation to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, the base is a strong base.

[0016] Furthermore, the alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide and / or sodium hydroxide or a mixture of the two.

[0017] Furthermore, the alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.

[0018] Furthermore, 1 to 8 wt % of a surfactant is added to the product of step S101 and then a hydrothermal reaction is carried out.

[0019] Furthermore, the surfactant is any one of chitosan and / or diatomaceous earth and / or cellulose.

[0020] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue.

[0021] A soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue is used for increasing the yield of crops and enhancing their resistance to pests and diseases, drought and lodging.

[0022] The soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue provided by the present invention converts the chlorosilane residual liquid (slag) generated in the polysilicon production process into a soluble silicon fertilizer with high added value through treatment, which not only realizes the "harmlessness" and "resource utilization" of waste materials (including impurity chlorosilane) in the polysilicon production process, and reduces the environmental protection pressure of polysilicon enterprises; but also greatly reduces the production cost of polysilicon, greatly improves the economic benefits of enterprises, and is of great significance to the long-term sustainable development of the national economy and society, ensuring national energy security, and achieving strategic goals.

[0023] In the method for preparing soluble silicon fertilizer from chlorosilane residue provided by the present invention, the main reaction between chlorosilane residue (slag) and alkali is as follows (taking potassium hydroxide KOH as an example):

[0024] SiCl4+KOH→K2SiO3+KCl

[0025] SiHCl3+KOH→K2SiO3+KCl

[0026] SiH2Cl2+KOH→K2SiO3+KCl

[0027] The present invention provides a method for preparing soluble silicon fertilizer from chlorosilane residues, wherein the chlorosilane residue (slag) produced in the polysilicon production process is subjected to a dual-effect combination method of "alkaline hydrolysis + hydrothermal", using impure chlorosilane as a raw material, and chitosan as a surfactant, and surface modification of silicates in the physicochemical reaction to reduce the polymerization of silicic acid, thereby preparing a preparation process for high-quality silicon fertilizer. The method provided by the present invention has a simple process, does not require special equipment, is easy to implement, and has a low production cost; on the other hand, the method provided by the present invention involves all inorganic reactions, has a high conversion rate, and the quality of the obtained product is stable.

[0028] The present invention provides a method for preparing soluble silicon fertilizer from chlorosilane residue, which converts toxic and harmful chlorosilane residual liquid (slag) into non-toxic and harmless silicates and metal salts, not only greatly reducing the toxicity of waste, but also obtaining soluble silicon fertilizer, turning waste into treasure, regenerating resources, and reducing the environmental pressure of polysilicon enterprises. The silicon-rich oxide in the impure chlorosilane reacts with alkali to release heat, reduce the supply of external heat sources, and reduce the production cost of silicon fertilizer; the soluble silicon fertilizer produced by the method of the present invention meets the requirements of the national standard ("NY / T797-2004") for the soluble silicon content of silicon fertilizer products. The soluble silicon fertilizer prepared by the present invention has high economic value, and the raw materials used are all common and low-priced materials, with significant economic benefits.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0030] (1) The process is simple and easy to implement.

[0031] (2) Thorough treatment and high conversion rate.

[0032] (3) Product quality is stable and economic benefits are high.

[0033] (4) Turn waste into treasure and recycle resources.

[0034] (5) Environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the soluble silicon fertilizer sample (sample M1) prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the soluble silicon fertilizer sample (sample F2) prepared in Example 7 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail in the following examples. The following examples are only used to illustrate the invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue.

[0039] A soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue, wherein the soluble silicon fertilizer is prepared from chlorosilane residue produced by polysilicon production through alkaline hydrolysis, hydrothermal reaction and separation and drying;

[0040] The soluble silicon content (in terms of SiO2) in the soluble silicon fertilizer is ≥ 20wt%.

[0041] Furthermore, the soluble silicon fertilizer also contains 1-8 wt% of a surfactant.

[0042] Furthermore, the surfactant is any one of chitosan and / or diatomaceous earth and / or cellulose.

[0043] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing soluble silicon fertilizer from chlorosilane residue.

[0044] A method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue, the method comprising:

[0045] S101 chlorosilane residue is alkaline hydrolyzed. After the chlorosilane residue is mixed with alkali in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 2:1, 8 to 12 times of water is added and stirred at room temperature for 18 to 36 hours;

[0046] S102 hydrothermal reaction, the product of step S101 is reacted at 1.5-2.2 MPa and 150-210° C. for 12-18 hours, and the reaction product is dried after solid-liquid separation to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer.

[0047] Furthermore, the base is a strong base.

[0048] Furthermore, the alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide and / or sodium hydroxide or a mixture of the two.

[0049] Furthermore, the alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.

[0050] Furthermore, 1 to 8 wt % of a surfactant is added to the product of step S101 and then a hydrothermal reaction is carried out.

[0051] Furthermore, the surfactant is any one of chitosan and / or diatomaceous earth and / or cellulose.

[0052] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an application of a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue.

[0053] A soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue is used for increasing the yield of crops and enhancing their resistance to pests and diseases, drought and lodging.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] Take 6 g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 50 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24 hours, then transfer the solution to the lining of a 100 mL hydrothermal autoclave, rinse the beaker with 20 mL of deionized water, and then transfer the rinse liquid to the lining of the hydrothermal autoclave to ensure sufficient transfer of the raw material.

[0057] Place the hydrothermal kettle containing the prepared solution in a forced air drying oven, and carry out hydrothermal reaction at 2.0 MPa and 180°C for 15 hours. Then, take out the product after the hydrothermal reaction, filter it, centrifuge it, and fully dry and grind it at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample M1).

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] Take 6g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 50mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24h, then transfer the solution to the lining of a 100mL hydrothermal autoclave, rinse the beaker with 20mL of deionized water, and then transfer the rinse liquid to the lining of the hydrothermal autoclave, and add surfactant chitosan at a content of 4% of the total mass to ensure sufficient transfer of the raw materials.

[0060] Place the hydrothermal kettle containing the prepared solution in a forced air drying oven, and carry out hydrothermal reaction at 2.0 MPa and 180°C for 15 hours. Then, take out the product after the hydrothermal reaction, filter and centrifuge it, and fully dry and grind it at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample M2).

[0061] Example 2

[0062] (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorosilane residue

[0063] Take 6 g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 6 g of potassium hydroxide to mix with the raw material, add to 50 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0064] (2) Hydrothermal reaction

[0065] The alkaline hydrolysis solution prepared in the first step was transferred to the 100 mL hydrothermal autoclave lining, the beaker was rinsed with 20 mL of deionized water, and the alkaline hydrolysis solution was divided into two portions, which were placed in the hydrothermal autoclave linings respectively.

[0066] One portion was placed in a forced air drying oven and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 1.5 MPa and 190°C for 16 hours. The product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain a soluble silicon fertilizer (sample A1).

[0067] To another portion of the alkaline hydrolysis solution, surfactant chitosan was added at a content of 1% of the total mass, and then placed in a forced air drying oven. After hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 1.5 MPa and 190°C for 16 hours, the product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample A2).

[0068] Example 3

[0069] (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorosilane residue

[0070] Take 6 g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 9 g of potassium hydroxide to mix with the raw material, add to 50 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0071] (2) Hydrothermal reaction

[0072] The alkaline hydrolysis solution prepared in the first step was transferred to the 100 mL hydrothermal autoclave lining, the beaker was rinsed with 20 mL of deionized water, and the alkaline hydrolysis solution was divided into two portions, which were placed in the hydrothermal autoclave linings respectively.

[0073] One portion was placed in a forced air drying oven and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 2.2 MPa and 200°C for 18 hours. The product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain a soluble silicon fertilizer (sample B1).

[0074] To another alkaline hydrolysis solution, surfactant chitosan was added at a content of 4% of the total mass, and then placed in a forced air drying oven. After hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 2.2 MPa and 200°C for 18 hours, the product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample B2).

[0075] Example 4

[0076] (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorosilane residue

[0077] Take 6 g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 12 g of potassium hydroxide to mix with the raw material, add to 50 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0078] (2) Hydrothermal reaction

[0079] The alkaline hydrolysis solution prepared in the first step was transferred to the 100 mL hydrothermal autoclave lining, the beaker was rinsed with 20 mL of deionized water, and the alkaline hydrolysis solution was divided into two portions, which were placed in the hydrothermal autoclave linings respectively.

[0080] One portion was placed in a forced air drying oven and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 1.8 MPa and 180°C for 12 hours. The product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain a soluble silicon fertilizer (sample C1).

[0081] To another alkaline hydrolysis solution, surfactant chitosan was added at a content of 8% of the total mass, and then placed in a forced air drying oven. After hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 1.8 MPa and 180°C for 12 hours, the product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample C2).

[0082] Example 5

[0083] (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorosilane residue

[0084] Take 6 g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 6 g of sodium hydroxide to mix with the raw material, add to 50 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0085] (2) Hydrothermal reaction

[0086] The alkaline hydrolysis solution prepared in the first step was transferred to the 100 mL hydrothermal autoclave lining, the beaker was rinsed with 20 mL of deionized water, and the alkaline hydrolysis solution was divided into two portions, which were placed in the hydrothermal autoclave linings respectively.

[0087] One portion was placed in a forced air drying oven and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 175°C for 15 hours. The product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain a soluble silicon fertilizer (sample D1).

[0088] To another portion of the alkaline hydrolysis solution, surfactant chitosan was added at a content of 1% of the total mass, and then placed in a forced air drying oven. After hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 175°C for 15 hours, the product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample D2).

[0089] Example 6

[0090] (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorosilane residue

[0091] Take 6 g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 12 g of sodium hydroxide to mix with the raw material, add to 50 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0092] (2) Hydrothermal reaction

[0093] The alkaline hydrolysis solution prepared in the first step was transferred to the 100 mL hydrothermal autoclave lining, the beaker was rinsed with 20 mL of deionized water, and the alkaline hydrolysis solution was divided into two portions, which were placed in the hydrothermal autoclave linings respectively.

[0094] One portion was placed in a forced air drying oven and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 2.0 MPa and 185°C for 16 hours. The product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain a soluble silicon fertilizer (sample E1).

[0095] To another alkaline hydrolysis solution, surfactant chitosan was added at a content of 4% of the total mass, and then placed in a forced air drying oven. After hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 2.0 MPa and 185°C for 16 hours, the product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample E2).

[0096] Example 7

[0097] (1) Alkaline hydrolysis of chlorosilane residue

[0098] Take 6 g of fully dried impure chlorosilane hydrolyzate (SiO2 content is 36.5%) raw material, add 9 g of mixed alkali to mix with the raw material, the mixed alkali is a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in a mass ratio of 1:1, add it into 50 mL of deionized water and stir at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0099] (2) Hydrothermal reaction

[0100] The alkaline hydrolysis solution prepared in the first step was transferred to the 100 mL hydrothermal autoclave lining, the beaker was rinsed with 20 mL of deionized water, and the alkaline hydrolysis solution was divided into two portions, which were placed in the hydrothermal autoclave linings respectively.

[0101] One portion was placed in a forced air drying oven and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction at 2.0 MPa and 180°C for 15 hours. The product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain a soluble silicon fertilizer (sample F1).

[0102] To another alkaline hydrolysis solution, surfactant chitosan was added at a content of 4% of the total mass, and then placed in a forced air drying oven. After hydrothermal reaction was carried out at 2.0 MPa and 180°C for 15 hours, the product after the hydrothermal reaction was taken out, filtered, centrifuged, and fully dried and ground at 60°C to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer (sample F2).

[0103] Example 8

[0104] Sample performance test: The silicon fertilizer samples prepared in the above experiments were all tested for effective silicon content using silicon molybdenum blue spectrophotometry. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Table 1 Effective silicon content prepared under different conditions

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that it is feasible to prepare soluble silicon fertilizer using chlorosilane residue using the method provided by the present invention, and the effect of the prepared soluble silicon fertilizer is good. The minimum soluble silicon content (SiO2) (%) in the soluble silicon fertilizer is ≥23.71%. It exceeds the requirement of soluble silicon content ≥20% in the silicon fertilizer industry standard ("Silicon Fertilizer NY / T797-2004"). The above results show that the method for preparing soluble silicon fertilizer using impurity-containing chlorosilane in the present invention has the advantages of simple preparation, low cost, resource recycling, etc., and is suitable for industrial-grade application and promotion.

[0109] By comparison Figure 1 and Figure 2 , we can see that:

[0110] First, Figure 1 Agglomeration occurred in sample M1. After alkaline hydrolysis and hydrothermal reaction with chitosan, Figure 2 The agglomeration degree of sample F2 has been greatly improved, and the reduction of agglomeration can greatly increase the contact area between the sample and other substances, which is more conducive to the relevant physicochemical reactions, thereby ensuring the improvement of the performance of silicon fertilizer;

[0111] Second, through Figure 2It can be found that after alkaline hydrolysis and hydrothermal reaction with the addition of chitosan, the constituent particles of the product sample became a denser pore structure, and the porous structure made the soluble silicon fertilizer easier to extract.

[0112] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, various changes can be made to the technical scheme of the present invention. These simple variations all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0113] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features and steps described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0114] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue, characterized in that: The soluble silicon fertilizer is obtained by alkaline hydrolysis, hydrothermal reaction and separation and drying of chlorosilane residues produced by polysilicon production; The soluble silicon content (in terms of SiO2) in the soluble silicon fertilizer is ≥ 20wt%.

2. The soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soluble silicon fertilizer also contains 1-8wt% of a surfactant.

3. The soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surfactant is any one of chitosan and / or diatomaceous earth and / or cellulose.

4. A method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue, characterized in that: The method includes: S101 chlorosilane residue is alkaline hydrolyzed. After the chlorosilane residue is mixed with alkali in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 2:1, 8 to 12 times of water is added and stirred at room temperature for 18 to 36 hours; S102 hydrothermal reaction, the product of step S101 is reacted at 1.5-2.2 MPa and 150-210° C. for 12-18 hours, and the reaction product is dried after solid-liquid separation to obtain soluble silicon fertilizer.

5. The method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base is a strong base.

6. A method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from a chlorosilane residue according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide and / or sodium hydroxide or a mixture of the two.

7. The method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue according to claim 6, characterized in that: The alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.

8. The method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue according to claim 4, characterized in that: 1 to 8 wt % of a surfactant is added to the product of step S101 and then a hydrothermal reaction is carried out.

9. The method for preparing a soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue according to claim 8, characterized in that: The surfactant is any one of chitosan and / or diatomaceous earth and / or cellulose.

10. A soluble silicon fertilizer prepared from chlorosilane residue is used to increase the yield of crops, and enhance their resistance to pests and diseases, drought and lodging.

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