A mycelium composite material and a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a kind of mycelium composite material and its preparation method and application, belong to composite material technical field.The composite material of the present application uses black oyster mushroom as strain, mycelium grows fast, can complete entire cultivation cycle in shorter time, and the black oyster mushroom mycelium used in the present application is thick and luxuriant, shows strong nutrient absorption capacity and adaptability.The mycelium composite material prepared in the medium mainly with corn cob has superior performance, has low density, low moisture absorption rate, low expansion rate and high strength, high elasticity and other characteristics, and it has more advantages in humidity control, bearing capacity and long-term stability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a mycelium composite material and its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of composite materials. BACKGROUND

[0002] Mycelium material, as a new green and environmentally friendly material, has shown great application potential in many fields due to its good biodegradability, low energy consumption production process and high adaptability. It is mainly composed of fungal mycelium through cultivation, growth and polymerization, and has good mechanical properties and biodegradability, so it has attracted widespread attention in packaging, construction, furniture and home fields. However, despite the many advantages of mycelium material, the existing technology still faces some problems that need to be solved.

[0003] Most of the flower pots on the current market are made of plastic, ceramic or metal materials. Although these materials can meet the basic functional requirements, they have significant defects in terms of environmental protection and resource consumption. The widespread use of plastic flower pots can cause environmental pollution, and the production and transportation of ceramic and metal materials consume a large amount of energy. In contrast, mycelium composite materials not only have biodegradability, but also can greatly reduce carbon emissions in the production process, meeting the requirements of modern society for environmental protection and sustainable development.

[0004] Cat scratching posts are common products for pet supplies, and the materials commonly used on the market include paperboard, plastic and wood, which often fail to meet the dual requirements of durability and environmental protection. Using mycelium composite materials to make cat scratching posts not only provides sufficient firmness and tensile strength, but also avoids environmental pollution problems caused by plastic products through the natural biodegradable properties.

[0005] Although mycelium composite materials have broad application prospects in the home field, the performance of current mycelium composite materials has large fluctuations. Different strains and different culture media have a great influence on the growth rate of mycelium, material density and mechanical properties of the final material. The existing mycelium composite material preparation process is time-consuming and costly, and cannot well meet the requirements of lightness and air permeability of products when making home products such as flower pots and cat scratching posts. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the problems of the prior art, the present application successfully develops a mycelium composite material suitable for flower pots and cat scratching posts and other home fields by screening strains and culture media and improving the preparation process. The material has excellent properties such as environmental protection, durability and biodegradability, not only can replace traditional materials to meet the growing demand for green consumption on the market, but also has strong market competitiveness.

[0007] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first object of the present application is to provide a mycelium composite material, which is obtained by culturing the mycelium of Agrocybe aegerita in a corn cob-containing culture medium.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present application, the Agrocybe aegerita is purchased from Jiangdu Tianda Mushroom Research Institute in Jiangsu, and the purchase link is https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html?ps=ie9WF5JpJh Agrocybe aegerita series, variety code Agrocybe aegerita.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, the corn cob-containing culture medium specifically comprises the following components: corn cob 45-55%, crushed cotton seed hull 30-40%, soybean meal 7-9%, gypsum powder 3-4%, ammonium sulfate 0.5-1.5%, superphosphate 1-3%, and sodium chloride 0.4-1%.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, the corn cob-containing culture medium is added with water after preparation to control the moisture content to 60-70%.

[0012] The second object of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the mycelium composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1, uniformly inoculating the previously prepared Agrocybe aegerita strain into the corn cob-containing culture medium, and loading into a mold;

[0014] S2, after loading, culturing at a temperature of 25-30°C and a humidity of 60-80%, until the mold is filled and solidified;

[0015] S3, demolding the shaped mycelium composite and drying to obtain the mycelium composite material.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present application, the corn cob-containing culture medium specifically comprises the following components: corn cob 45-55%, crushed cotton seed hull 30-40%, soybean meal 7-9%, gypsum powder 3-4%, ammonium sulfate 0.5-1.5%, superphosphate 1-3%, and sodium chloride 0.4-1%.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present application, the corn cob-containing culture medium is added with water after preparation to control the moisture content to 60-70%.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present application, in the step S1, 2-5 grams of the strain are inoculated per 100 grams of the culture medium.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present application, the strain is prepared by the following method: the black truffle strain is scattered in the initial culture medium of black truffle, and the mixed initial culture medium is cultured at 26-30°C, humidity of 75-85%, and illumination of 10-30 lux until the mycelium covers the entire culture medium; wherein the initial culture medium comprises the following components: 85-95% of crushed cotton seed hulls, 4-6% of wheat bran, 2-4% of corn flour, 0.5-1.5% of gypsum powder, 0.2-0.6% of ammonium sulfate, 0.2-0.6% of superphosphate, and 0.1-0.3% of sodium chloride.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present application, the culture time in S2 is 7-14 days.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, the drying in S3 is performed at 50-60°C until the moisture content of the mycelium composite material is reduced to below 10%.

[0022] A third object of the present application is to provide a household product prepared from the mycelium composite material.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present application, the household product further comprises a waterproof coating on the surface when prepared.

[0024] The present application has the following advantages:

[0025] The mycelium composite material of the present application uses black truffle as the strain, and the mycelium grows fast, which can complete the entire cultivation period in a short time. The black truffle mycelium used in the present application is thick and dense, and shows strong nutrient absorption capacity and adaptability. The mycelium composite material prepared in the culture medium mainly containing corn cob has superior performance, such as low density, low moisture absorption rate, low expansion rate, high strength, high resilience, and the like, and has more advantages in humidity control, load capacity, and long-term stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 Culture of mycelium of different edible fungi and determination of growth rate thereof;

[0028] Figure 2 Culture of mycelium of black truffle from different origins and determination of growth rate thereof;

[0029] Figure 3 Flow chart for preparation of mycelium bio-composite material

[0030] Figure 4 Moisture absorption values of Agaricus blazei mycelium composite material and Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium composite material at different time points

[0031] Figure 5 Thickness expansion rate values of Agaricus blazei mycelium composite material and Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium composite material at different time points

[0032] Figure 6 Preparation flow chart and finished product display chart of mycelium household flowerpot and cat scratch board

[0033] Figure 7 Growth trend chart of different edible fungus strains on PDA plate

[0034] Figure 8 Screening results of the most suitable single medium for Agaricus blazei DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present application will be further described in conjunction with specific examples. These examples are only used to illustrate the present application and not used to limit the scope of the present application. In addition, after reading the content taught by the present application, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0036] Raw material sources

[0037] Agaricus blazei No. 1 was purchased from Jiangdu Tianda Edible Fungus Research Institute in Jiangsu, and the purchase link is https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html?ps=ie9WF5JpJh Agaricus blazei series, variety code Agaricus blazei, strain characteristics: fruiting at 2-29°C, black-brown, short stem. After purchase, under sterile conditions, healthy mycelial plugs with a diameter of about 2-3 mm were isolated from the strain and inoculated into sterilized PDA solid medium (formula: potato 200 g, glucose 20 g, water 1 L, pH 6.8-7.0), and cultured at 25°C. The mycelial growth was observed every 5-7 days, and the pure mycelium was finally obtained by 3-5 times of transfer and purification without bacterial contamination. Subsequently, the purified mycelium was inoculated into PDA slant medium with sterile operation to prepare test tube strain, and cultured at 25°C for 3-5 days until the mycelium covered the slant. After the culture was completed, the test tube strain was sealed and stored in a 4°C refrigerator, which could stably maintain the strain activity for more than 6 months, providing reliable strain source support for subsequent research and application.

[0038] Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus, Agrocybe aegerita, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pholiota nameko, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Quel., and Hypsizygus marmoreus were purchased from Jiangdu Tianda Mushroom Research Institute in Jiangsu, and the purchase link is https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html?ps=ie9WF5JpJh. The Pleurotus ostreatus was Pleurotus ostreatus early superior No. 8; the Lentinula edodes was Lentinula edodes 808; the Flammulina velutipes was Flammulina velutipes jade snow 22; the Pleurotus eryngii was Pleurotus eryngii No. 2; the Hericium erinaceus was long-spined Hericium erinaceus; the Agrocybe aegerita was Agrocybe aegerita F2; the Coprinus comatus was Coprinus comatus cc900; the Pleurotus nebrodensis was Pleurotus nebrodensis No. 2; the Hypsizygus marmoreus was Hypsizygus marmoreus; the Pholiota nameko was Pholiota nameko early strong No. 1; the Stropharia rugosoannulata was Stropharia rugosoannulata; the Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Quel. was Volvariella volvacea v971; and the Hypsizygus marmoreus was Hypsizygus marmoreus.

[0039] Experimental detection method:

[0040] (1) Mycelial growth rate test: Mycelial growth rate: draw a line at the front end of mycelial growth, and use a vernier caliper to measure the length between the center of the inoculated plug and the line, which is recorded as L. Calculate the mycelial growth rate, repeat 3 times, and the mycelial growth rate = L / day (mm / d).

[0041] (2) Density determination: refer to GB8168-2008 "Buffer material density determination method" to measure the density of mycelium biomass composite material, use a balance and a screw micrometer to measure the sample mass thickness, and the sample density calculation formula is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, p is the density of the test sample (g / cm 3 ); m is the mass of the test sample (g); and h is the thickness of the test sample (cm).

[0044] r-radius of the test sample (cm)

[0045] (3) Compression strength measurement: The compression strength of the mycelium biomass composite was measured according to the national standard GB / T 8813-2020 “Determination of Compression Properties of Rigid Foamed Plastics”. The maximum compressive stress of the sample at a relative deformation of 10% was measured using a compression testing machine. The sample compression strength calculation formula is as follows:

[0046]

[0047] wherein: σm- sample compression strength, unit (kPa); Fm- maximum compression force at a relative deformation <10%, unit Newton (N); A0- initial cross-sectional area of the test sample, unit square millimeter (mm).

[0048] (4) Resilience test: The resilience of the mycelium biomass composite was measured by an electronic universal testing machine. A pressure plate was used to apply pressure along the thickness direction of the material. When the strain reached 15%, the pressure was stopped and kept for 3 min, and then the pressure was quickly unloaded and the thickness of the sample was measured. The sample resilience rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] wherein: w- resilience rate, unit (%); Tj- thickness of the test sample after compression, unit millimeter (mm); Ti- thickness of the test sample before resilience, unit millimeter (mm).

[0051] (5) Water absorption rate determination method: Dry mycelium material products were placed in a constant temperature incubator at a temperature of 28°C and a relative humidity of 60%, and left for 24 h. The initial mass of the mycelium material product was weighed using an electronic balance and recorded as X1. The mycelium material product was immersed in distilled water for 1, 4, 8, 16, and 32 immersion time periods, respectively. The sample was taken out and the surface residual water was wiped off, and the mass was weighed and recorded as X2. The calculation formula of the water absorption rate (X) of the mycelium material is: X = (X2-X1) / X1*100%.

[0052] (6) Thickness expansion rate test method. Dry mycelium material products were placed in a constant temperature incubator at a temperature of 28°C and a relative humidity of 60%, and left for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours, respectively. The initial thickness of the side of the mycelium material product was measured using a vernier caliper and recorded as C1. Then the sample was placed in distilled water at a temperature of 23-25°C, and after different immersion time periods, the sample was taken out and the surface residual water was wiped off, and the thickness was measured as C2. The calculation formula of the water absorption thickness expansion rate (C) of the mycelium material is as follows: C = (C2-C1) / C1*100%.

[0053] The technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below in combination with specific examples. In the following examples, the reagents, materials and equipment used, unless otherwise specified, can be purchased commercially, prepared by conventional methods, or commonly used in the industry.

[0054] Example 1: Strain screening

[0055] Preparation of potato dextrose agar medium (PDA): Prepare potato dextrose agar (PDA, formula: potato powder 200 g, glucose 20 g, agar 15 g, distilled water 1000 mL, pH: 6.0-6.5) and autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes.

[0056] Take out the original strain stored in the refrigerator (4°C) and inoculate under sterile conditions (inoculation box conditions meet ISO 5 cleanliness standards, i.e. no more than 100 particles with a particle size greater than 0.5 microns per cubic meter of air). After inoculation, place the culture medium in a constant temperature incubator with a temperature of 25-30°C and a humidity of 60%-80%, and grow for 10-15 days.

[0057] Measurement: Draw a line at the front end of mycelial growth, with the inoculated plug as the center, and measure the length between the center and the line with a vernier caliper, denoted as L. Calculate the mycelial growth rate, and repeat the experiment 3 times. The mycelial growth rate = L / day (mm / d).

[0058] The experimental strains include Agaricus blazei, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus, Agrocybe aegerita, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pholiotana meko, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Voluaria volvacea (Bull.) Quel., and Hypsizygus marmoreus.

[0059] The growth results of different strains on PDA medium are as follows Figure 7 and Figure 1As shown, the mycelial morphology and growth rate of different strains on PDA medium are significantly different. The mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii and Volvariella volvacea is relatively thin and sparse, showing a translucent appearance. Although their growth rate is fast, due to the poor mycelial microstructure, they are at a disadvantage in resource competition, showing weak stability and stress resistance. This weak mycelial structure not only makes them susceptible to environmental changes in high-density cultivation environment, but also may affect the long-term stability of their yield.

[0060] The mycelium of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus is relatively robust and stable in growth, with strong adaptability, capable of maintaining a certain growth level in different environments. However, their growth rate is slower, especially in large-scale cultivation, slower growth rate will directly affect the production efficiency and yield. The mycelium of Volvariella volvacea grows fast, but observation shows that its mycelium is very thin, and its ability to entwine and adhere to the substrate is weak, which may cause problems in subsequent cultivation or substrate utilization efficiency.

[0061] Agaricus bisporus shows significant advantages in mycelial growth rate and morphology. First, the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus is not only thick and dense, but also has a significantly faster growth rate than other varieties, showing stronger adaptability and resource utilization capacity. Thick mycelium not only can quickly occupy the surface of the culture medium, reducing the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, but also can effectively absorb nutrients, supporting its rapid expansion in different environments. More importantly, the fast growth characteristics of Agaricus bisporus enable it to complete the entire cultivation cycle in a shorter period of time, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0062] For different strains of Agaricus bisporus, the same method as above was used to detect the mycelial growth rate. Agaricus bisporus No. 1 was purchased from Jiangsu Jiangdu Tianda Mushroom Research Institute, the purchase link is https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html?ps=ie9WF5JpJh, Agaricus bisporus No. 2 was obtained by tissue culture from a representative sample purchased from Qiqihar Agricultural and sideline Products Center Wholesale Market in Heilongjiang Province, and Agaricus bisporus No. 3 was obtained by tissue culture from another batch of Agaricus bisporus samples purchased from Nantuo Edible Mushroom Trading Market in Lingshou County, Hebei Province. The results are as follows Figure 2As shown, first, Hejimu No. 1 has a faster mycelial growth rate, can quickly fill the culture medium, shorten the cultivation period, reduce the risk of pathogen invasion, and has a higher cultivation efficiency. In contrast, the mycelial growth of Hejimu No. 2 and Hejimu No. 3 is relatively slow, which may lead to a longer time required for mycelial expansion during large-scale cultivation, thereby affecting production efficiency. Second, the mycelium of Hejimu No. 1 is thick and dense, showing strong nutrient absorption capacity and adaptability, which enables it to better adapt to different cultivation environments and is superior to the other two varieties in stability. In contrast, although the mycelium of Hejimu No. 2 and Hejimu No. 3 is healthy, it is slightly inferior in thickness and density to that of Hejimu No. 1. Therefore, in summary, Hejimu No. 1 not only has higher cultivation efficiency, but also has strong environmental adaptability and stress resistance, making it the most ideal choice for industrial production.

[0063] Example 2: Single medium screening of Hejimu

[0064] The screening process of the culture medium: 20 g of sawdust was crushed and sieved, 60% water was added, and after stirring evenly, it was loaded into a glass culture dish and sterilized at 121°C for 30 min. After cooling, 1 cm 2 of the screened edible fungus strain was inoculated and cultured at 28°C, and the mycelial growth was recorded by taking photos. Subsequently, the screened Hejimu strain was inoculated into different substrates (peanut cake, soybean meal, corn cob, sugarcane residue, corn powder, rice bran, cottonseed hull, bran, crushed sawdust, straw fiber, corn straw powder, rice straw powder, distiller's grains (sorghum), dry Gujinggong distiller's grains, dry foreign wine distiller's grains, wet Gujinggong distiller's grains, and wet foreign wine) in the same way, and photos were taken to record the time intervals (1-10 days). The mycelial growth rate was detected during the cultivation process, and the growth was observed and analyzed in detail. The results are shown in Figure 8

[0065] The results show that when peanut cake is used as the culture medium, the mycelium is the whitest and densest, while corn cob, sugarcane residue, rice bran, cottonseed hull, rice straw, and bran are less so, but all show good growth conditions, while the mycelial growth on waste such as crushed sawdust and straw fiber is relatively sparse. When using waste distiller's grains for cultivation, there is no sign of mycelial growth.

[0066] Example 3: Preparation of mycelial composite material

[0067] The flow chart for preparing the mycelial biological composite material is shown in Figure 3 . The substrate is prepared according to the formula in Table 3, i.e., each mixed substrate is composed of an added substrate and a fixed substrate with a mass ratio of 1:1. The fixed substrate is mainly composed of cottonseed hull and nutrients, which are sterilized in an autoclave (121°C, 15 minutes) and adjusted to 65% moisture.​

[0068] Table 1 Formulation of mycelium bio-composite based on different substrates

[0069]

[0070] Step S1: First, the cotton seed hulls are washed clean and soaked in warm water (70°C, 40 minutes). Subsequently, they are autoclaved at 121°C for 15 minutes. After sterilization, the cotton seed hulls are crushed to a particle size of 5 mm and mixed with other auxiliary materials (wheat bran 5%, corn flour 3%, gypsum powder: 1%, ammonium sulfate (nitrogen source): 0.4%, superphosphate: 0.4%, sodium chloride: 0.2%) in a ratio of 90% cotton seed hulls and 10% auxiliary materials, and the moisture content is adjusted to 65%. Purpose: To prepare the initial culture medium M1 for the black oyster mushroom strain.

[0071] Step S2: In a clean bench, wearing sterile gloves, the black oyster mushroom strain prepared in the laboratory is spread into the initial culture medium M1 for the black oyster mushroom strain, and the mixture is stirred evenly by hand. The inoculation conditions are 3% (e.g. 3 grams of strain per 100 grams of wet cotton seed hulls) of strain per 100 grams of wet cotton seed hulls. The mixed culture medium is placed in a sterile culture bag (20 cm x 30 cm) and sealed with a rubber plug. The culture bag is placed in an incubator and cultured at a temperature of 28°C and a humidity of 80% with low-intensity light (20 lux) for 7-14 days until the white mycelium covers the entire culture medium, and it is stored for later use. Purpose: To prepare a large amount of black oyster mushroom strain K1 for subsequent addition in step S3.

[0072] Step S3: The strain K1 prepared in step S2 is mixed with the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 culture media in Table 3 at an inoculation amount of 3% (e.g. 3 grams of strain per 100 grams of culture medium), and the mixture is further cultured under temperature and humidity conditions of 28°C and 70% humidity until the mycelium completely covers the new culture medium. The specific culture time is shown in Table 4. The mycelium should be healthy white, dense, and uniform. No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 mycelium composite materials are obtained, respectively.

[0073] In addition, the existing technology of pleurotus mycelium composite material is used as a comparison, and pleurotus early excellent No. 8 is used as the strain. The culture medium formulation is as follows: sawdust: 45%, cotton seed hulls: 45%, glucose: 5%, yeast powder: 2%, KH2PO4: 1%, lime (to adjust pH value): 2%. This culture medium is more suitable for pleurotus mycelium culture after screening.

[0074] The thickness, density, compressive strength, resilience, and bending strength of the above-mentioned different mycelium composite materials (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, and No. 7) are tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0075] Table 2

[0076]

[0077] Based on the results of the density of mycelium composite materials with different substrates, the density of the six substrates ranged from 0.25 to 0.35 g / cm 3 , wherein the corn cob had the lowest density, loose structure, and good air permeability, making it the most ideal choice. In addition, sugarcane residue, which had a density similar to that of corn cob, also had relatively good air permeability and organic matter content, and was also suitable as a substrate. Rice straw also had a relatively low density and was suitable for providing good aeration.

[0078] Based on the results of the compressive strength of mycelium composite materials with different substrates, the compressive strength of mycelium composite materials prepared from different substrates varied greatly, but were all concentrated between 313.58±4.07 and 375.37±3.85 kPa, which was significantly lower than that of ceramics and cement products; the compressive strength of mycelium composite materials from largest to smallest was 2, 4, 6, 3, 1, and 5. Substrate 1 was peanut cake, which had a large initial density and sufficient nutrients, but due to its structure after being crushed, the compressive strength of the prepared material was moderate. Corn cob, rice bran, and bran were relatively soft, and compared with other substrates, their initial density was relatively moderate, making them very suitable for mycelium materials.

[0079] Based on the results of the resilience of mycelium composite materials with different substrates, the sample with the largest resilience was No. 2, which reached 91.36%, and the smallest was No. 1 peanut cake and No. 4 rice bran, which were 81.16±0.09 and 83.73±0.19%, respectively. Investigation found that the reason for the relatively small resilience of No. 1 and No. 4 was that the mycelium density was relatively poor, the network gap was large, and the substrate was relatively small and easy to crush.

[0080] The moisture absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of mycelium composite materials were determined, and the results are shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 .

[0081] Based on the test results of the moisture absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of different substrate mycelium composites, it was found that both indicators gradually increased over time. This phenomenon may be related to the pore structure of the substrate material and the continuous adsorption characteristics of the mycelium to moisture. Among all the test samples, the moisture absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of No. 2 corn cob substrate were the lowest, with a moisture absorption rate of 24.10% (32h) and a thickness expansion rate of 1.48% (48h), which were significantly lower than those of other substrates (No. 3: moisture absorption rate of 28.60% (32h) and thickness expansion rate of 1.96% (48h); No. 5: moisture absorption rate of 27.88% (32h) and thickness expansion rate of 1.63% (48h)). This performance advantage may be due to the relatively dense microstructure of No. 2 corn cob substrate, which has lower porosity and moisture absorption capacity, inhibiting excessive moisture absorption and maintaining the dimensional stability of the material. In contrast, other substrates may have a more loose fiber structure or a higher moisture transfer rate, resulting in more significant increases in moisture absorption rate and thickness expansion rate.

[0082] In addition, performance comparison analysis was conducted on the existing prepared Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium material, and the results showed that its thickness was 11.15±0.26mm, density was 0.396±0.00g / cm 3 , compressive strength was 325.84±3.98kPa, resilience rate was 78.38±0.23%, moisture absorption rate was 33.46% (32h), and thickness expansion rate was 2.70% (48h). Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the above key performance indicators, the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium material was inferior to the Agaricus bisporus mycelium material in terms of mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Among them, in terms of thickness and density, although the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium material had a certain structural compactness, its compressive strength was significantly lower (about 50% lower than that of the Agaricus bisporus material), indicating that the stability of its internal microstructure under load was weak, which may be related to the uniformity of mycelium distribution and insufficient substrate adhesion strength. In addition, in terms of humidity response performance, the moisture absorption rate of the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium material was higher (33.46%), and the thickness expansion rate reached 2.70%, which was significantly higher than that of the Agaricus bisporus mycelium material. This higher moisture absorption and expansion not only leads to dimensional changes in the material under humidity fluctuations, but also may reduce the stability of its mechanical properties, especially in humid environments, it is prone to deformation or functional degradation. In summary, the performance of the Agaricus bisporus mycelium material is more superior, its low moisture absorption rate, low expansion rate, and high strength, high resilience characteristics indicate that it has more advantages in terms of humidity control, load capacity, and long-term stability.

[0083] In practical applications: for flowerpots: the low expansion rate of the black oyster mushroom material can effectively reduce the deformation caused by humidity changes, avoid the cracking or shape instability of the flowerpot, and thus improve the durability of the product. For cat scratch boards: for cat scratch boards that often bear scratching and external forces, the relatively high mechanical properties and low moisture absorption and expansion rate of the black oyster mushroom material can prevent material deformation, prolong the service life, and at the same time improve the appearance stability of the scratch board.

[0084] In summary, the mycelium bio-composite material prepared with corn cob as an additive substrate and cotton seed hulls as a basic substrate shows the best overall performance. Next, we will select corn cob: 50%, cotton seed hulls (after crushing): 35%, soybean meal: 8%, gypsum powder: 3.5%, ammonium sulfate (nitrogen source): 1%, superphosphate: 2%, sodium chloride: 0.5%, and prepare the culture medium according to the above proportions. After supplementing some water to the medium to maintain a moisture content of 65%, the material is innovatively applied to prepare mycelium flowerpots and cat scratch boards.

[0085] Example 4: Preparation of mycelium composite household flowerpots

[0086] The process flow and product pictures of preparing flowerpots and cat scratch boards are shown in Figure 6 . The specific steps are as follows:

[0087] Step S1: Molding of mycelium composite material: The mycelium composite material substrate formula determined in the last screening of Example 3 is configured, the previously prepared strain is inoculated into the culture medium screened in Example 3, is uniformly distributed, and is loaded into the previously customized flowerpot and cat scratch board mold to ensure that the substrate is dense and has no gaps and that each part of the mold has appropriate moisture (65%). After the molding is completed, the mold is cultured in a culture box with a temperature control of 28°C and a humidity control of 70%. The mycelium is allowed to grow fully, gradually fill the mold, and consolidate to form the final shape.

[0088] Step S2: Drying: After the mycelium grows, the mold is removed, and the composite material is placed in a drying box for treatment at a temperature of 55°C until the moisture content of the composite material is reduced to below 10%.

[0089] Step S3: Post-treatment: The dried mycelium composite material can be processed by polishing, trimming, etc. A waterproof coating is evenly applied to the inner and outer walls of the flowerpot, and the polyurethane coating layer (not limited to this, acrylic paint, epoxy resin paint can also be used) has a thickness of 0.5 mm, and the paint drying time is 24 hours.

[0090] The above examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, nor are the described steps intended to limit the order in which they are performed. Modifications apparent to one skilled in the art in light of the above teachings are intended to fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a mycelium composite material, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, uniformly inoculating the prepared black oyster mushroom strain into a culture medium containing corn cobs, and loading into a mold; S2, after loading, culturing at a temperature of 25-30°C and a humidity of 60-80%, until the mold is filled and solidified; S3, demolding the formed mycelium composite and drying to obtain the mycelium composite material; The culture medium containing corn cobs specifically comprises the following components: corn cobs 45-55%, crushed cotton seed hulls 30-40%, soybean meal 7-9%, gypsum powder 3-4%, ammonium sulfate 0.5-1.5%, superphosphate 1-3%, and sodium chloride 0.4-1%; The culture medium containing corn cobs is added with water after preparation to control the water content to 60-70%; In the step S1, 2-5 grams of the strain are inoculated per 100 grams of the culture medium; In the step S2, the culturing time is 7-14 days; The strain is prepared by the following method: the black oyster mushroom strain is added into the initial culture medium of the black oyster mushroom, and the mixed initial culture medium is cultured at a temperature of 26-30°C, a humidity of 75-85%, and an illumination of 10-30 lux until the mycelium covers the entire culture medium; wherein the initial culture medium comprises the following components: crushed cotton seed hulls 85-95%, wheat bran 4-6%, corn meal 2-4%, gypsum powder 0.5-1.5%, ammonium sulfate 0.2-0.6%, superphosphate 0.2-0.6%, and sodium chloride 0.1-0.3%.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, In the step S3, the drying is performed at 50-60°C until the water content of the mycelium composite material is reduced to below 10%.

3. A home product, characterized in that The household product is prepared from the mycelium composite material prepared by the method of claim 1 or 2.

4. The home product of claim 3, wherein, The household product further comprises a waterproof coating on the surface when prepared.

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