Intelligent pavement system for tire health state monitoring

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent pavement system for tire health state monitoring. A pavement structure sequentially comprises an outer-layer flexible pavement structure (1), a top-layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (2), a tire / road contact sensing module (3) and a bottom-layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (4) from top to bottom; the tire / road contact sensing device further comprises a signal acquisition module (5) and a signal transmission and processing module (6), and the signal acquisition module (5) is connected with the tire / road contact sensing module (3) through a wire and used for acquiring voltage time sequence data in the tire / road contact process. And the signal transmission and processing module (6) is used for receiving data acquired by the signal acquisition module (5) and evaluating the tire health state. Compared with the prior art, the system has the advantages of real-time monitoring of the tire health state, meticulous sensing of tire / road contact information, simple structure, wide material selection, low cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent pavement systems, and in particular to an intelligent pavement system for monitoring tire health conditions. Background Art

[0002] The health status of tires throughout their life cycle is one of the important factors to ensure the safety and stability of vehicle driving. Insufficient tire pressure, excessive wear or damage will significantly increase the risk of traffic accidents. Therefore, real-time monitoring of tire health status is of great significance to improving driving safety. At present, the method of tire health status monitoring mainly relies on tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) and regular manual inspection. However, the traditional TPMS system can only provide tire pressure information and cannot fully monitor the wear and damage of tires. Manual inspection is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is difficult to achieve real-time monitoring.

[0003] With the development of the Internet of Things and intelligent transportation technology, the intelligent road system with integrated sensors provides a new idea for real-time monitoring of tire health status. By embedding various sensors in the road surface, the intelligent road system can collect various data such as pressure, temperature, strain and friction when the vehicle tire passes in real time. After processing and analysis, these data can not only detect tire pressure, but also evaluate the degree of tire wear and whether there is damage, thereby providing comprehensive tire health status information to car owners and traffic management departments.

[0004] However, due to the significant difference in performance between the embedded sensor and the main material of the pavement structure, the interface bonding effect between the two is poor. It is of great significance to invent a functional intelligent pavement system integrated with the main pavement structure. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a functional intelligent pavement system with tire full life cycle health monitoring, high output voltage, high-precision identification and low cost.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: An intelligent pavement system for monitoring tire health status, wherein the pavement structure includes, from top to bottom, an outer flexible pavement structure, a top high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure, a tire / road contact sensing module, and a bottom high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure; and further includes a signal acquisition module and a signal transmission and processing module. The signal acquisition module is connected to the tire / road contact sensing module via a wire and is used to collect voltage time series data during tire / road contact. The signal transmission and processing module is used to receive data obtained by the signal acquisition module and evaluate the tire health status.

[0007] The manufacturing and installation steps of the intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring include: Step 1: Prepare the tire / road contact sensing unit: mold a multi-level tree frog foot-like structure to improve the efficiency of tribo-nanoelectric power generation; adhere the conductive and non-conductive packaging layers, and test their voltage signal characteristics; Step 2: Using tire / road contact sensing units to prepare a tire / road contact sensing module: Select a number of tire / road contact sensing units with good electrical signal characteristics, evenly arrange them in an array on a square marble plate, and construct an array-type tire / road contact sensing module; Step 3: Prepare the top and bottom layers of high-strength and high-toughness sealing structures: Prepare a square sealing layer that meets the mechanical performance requirements of the structure; Step 4: Assemble the functional layers of the intelligent pavement system: Assemble the prepared bottom-layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure, tire / road contact sensing module, and top-layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure from bottom to top, lead out the signal acquisition wire from the tire / road contact sensing module to connect the signal acquisition module, and apply the outer layer of flexible pavement structure on the top-layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Real-time monitoring of tire health status from the perspective of the road surface, with high perception sensitivity: The present invention designs an intelligent road surface system to achieve real-time perception of the health status of running tires from the perspective of bystanders; at the same time, the multi-channel array structure effectively improves the perception sensitivity in a multi-point, simultaneous, and independent monitoring manner.

[0009] 2. High durability, abandoning the design idea of ​​directly installing on the tire tread: The present invention ensures the durability of the intelligent pavement structure with tire health monitoring through the protection of a multi-layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure to prevent it from being worn out during tire operation.

[0010] 3. Low cost: The core component of the present invention, namely the tire / road contact sensing module, has a wide range of materials, low cost, and can be manufactured manually, which greatly reduces the construction cost of the intelligent road system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a micro surface of a tire / road contact sensing unit with a common hexagonal structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 The irregular serrated tree frog foot-like structure tire / road contact sensing unit micro-surface in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a micro surface of a tire / road contact sensing unit of a regular tree frog foot-like structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5The electrical signal characteristics of the tree frog foot imitation structures made of different materials in the embodiments of the present invention are output; Figure 6 This is a physical diagram of a tire / road contact sensing module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of multi-channel data collection results of a tire / road contact sensing module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of tire full life cycle monitoring classification in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of tire full life cycle identification in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Reference numerals: 1. Outer flexible pavement structure, 2. Top layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure, 3. Tire / road contact sensing module, 4. Bottom layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure, 5. Signal acquisition module, 6. Signal transmission and processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The technical solution provided by the present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent with the following description.

[0014] An intelligent pavement system for monitoring tire health status, wherein the pavement structure includes, from top to bottom, an outer flexible pavement structure 1, a top high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure 2, a tire / road contact sensing module 3, and a bottom high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure 4; it also includes a signal acquisition module 5 and a signal transmission and processing module 6, wherein the signal acquisition module 5 is connected to the tire / road contact sensing module 3 via a wire and is used to collect voltage time series data during the tire / road contact process, and the signal transmission and processing module 6 is used to receive data obtained by the signal acquisition module 5 and evaluate the tire health status.

[0015] The intelligent pavement system for monitoring tire health status adopts modified road construction materials as a packaging structure.

[0016] The outer flexible pavement structure 1 adopts fast-setting cold-mix asphalt material to fill the top layer of high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure gaps 2, with an initial setting time of 10 minutes and a final setting time of 30 minutes, so as to facilitate rapid opening of traffic.

[0017] The top layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure 2 is made of a composite material in which high-toughness rubber particles are embedded in a high-strength polyurethane structure, and has a compressive strength of 30-60 MPa and a tensile strength of 40-80 MPa.

[0018] The tire / road contact sensing module 3 is a multi-channel, multi-level tree frog foot-like high-adhesion structure based on the principle of friction nano-power generation, which can significantly increase the friction of the tire / road contact surface. Preferably, the multi-channel is 25 channels.

[0019] The bottom layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure 4 is prepared by adding MXene particles to polyurethane at a mass ratio of 1:100. The prepared composite material has a compressive strength of 10-20 MPa and a tensile strength of 20-50 MPa. The signal acquisition module 5 adopts Arduino Mega 2560 and an external circuit board, and acquires voltage time series data during tire / road contact at a baud rate of 9600 through serial communication.

[0020] The signal transmission and processing module 6 adopts the Zigbee protocol, with an effective communication distance of 150 m and a delay of no more than 1 ms.

[0021] The manufacturing and installation steps of the above-mentioned intelligent pavement system include: Step 1: Prepare the tire / road contact sensing unit: mold a multi-level tree frog foot-like structure to improve the efficiency of friction nano-power generation; adhere the conductive and non-conductive packaging layers, and test its voltage signal characteristics.

[0022] Step 2: Prepare a tire / road contact sensing module using tire / road contact sensing units: Select 18 tire / road contact sensing units with good electrical signal characteristics and arrange them in an even array on a 300×300mm 2 An array of tire / road contact sensing modules is constructed on a square marble plate.

[0023] Step 3: Prepare the top and bottom layers of high-strength and high-toughness sealing structures: Prepare 350×350mm 2 Square sealing layer.

[0024] Step 4: Assemble the functional layers of the intelligent pavement system: Assemble the prepared bottom layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure 4, tire / road contact sensing module 3, and top layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure 2 from bottom to top, lead out the signal acquisition wire from the tire / road contact sensing module 3 to connect the signal acquisition module 5, and apply the outer layer flexible pavement structure 1 on the top layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure 2.

[0025] The above-mentioned intelligent road system uses the peak value of voltage data sensed by multiple channels as input features, constructs a machine learning method, and accurately identifies the tire health status of vehicles traveling on the road, thereby improving driving safety.

[0026] Example 1 The tire / road contact sensing module is the core component of the intelligent pavement system of the present invention, and adopts a tree frog foot-like structure. In order to obtain a tree frog foot-like structure with a high specific surface area and a high sensing voltage signal, field emission scanning electron microscope tests were performed on ordinary hexagonal tire / road contact sensing units, irregular serrated tree frog foot-like tire / road contact sensing units, and regular tree frog foot-like tire / road contact sensing units to study the microscopic surface conditions and voltage output conditions of different structures.

[0027] The manufacturing process of the multi-level tree frog foot imitation structure in this embodiment includes: (1) Use SolidWorks software to draw a reverse mold of the tree frog foot structure to ensure that its dimensional accuracy and structural form meet the design requirements; (2) After the reverse mold design is completed, the mold is quickly manufactured using 3D printing technology to ensure the device accuracy of 0.1 mm and the formation of multi-level recessed structures; (3) Apply a conductive layer to the printed tree frog foot structure and fix it: Spray gold on the surface of the tree frog foot structure to increase its conductivity. Then, fix it on the SEM sample stage, preheat it, and scan it at a scale of 100 μm to obtain the microscopic surface structure.

[0028] Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 The surface microstructures of the tree frog feet are shown, including ordinary hexagonal tire / road contact sensing units, irregular serrated tree frog foot tire / road contact sensing units, and regular tree frog foot tire / road contact sensing units: Figure 2 The microscopic protrusions on the surface of the traditional array structure occupy the smallest area and are the most unevenly distributed. Figure 4 The microscopic protrusions of the tire / road contact sensing unit of the regular tree frog foot structure occupy the largest area, the single protrusion area is small, the number is large, and the distribution is the most uniform. Figure 3 The microscopic protrusion of the irregular tree frog foot imitation structure tire / road contact sensing unit is between the two. Therefore, in the subsequent embodiments of the present invention, the regular tree frog foot imitation structure tire / road contact sensing unit is used to manufacture the sensing module.

[0029] Best Figure 4 The regular tree frog foot structure was cast in different types of modified silicone rubber materials to further optimize the surface structure at the macro and micro scales, thereby improving the output performance of the sensing voltage signal. The results are shown in Figure 5 In the figure, the peak values ​​of the electrical signals of silicone rubber, modification 1 and modification 2 increase in sequence. In the construction of actual sensing devices, the modified materials are used as functional materials.

[0030] Example 2 In this embodiment, a molded tire / road contact sensing module is prepared, such as Figure 6To prevent information crosstalk between array-type sensing units, which would affect the sensing area and sensing accuracy, this embodiment conducts a step-by-step stimulation of the tire / road contact sensing module to verify its anti-crosstalk capability.

[0031] The signal acquisition module and the signal transmission and processing module in the present invention are respectively connected to the tire / road contact sensing module in this embodiment. The detailed experimental steps include the following: (1) Select any 5 of the 18 tire / road contact sensing units and stimulate them one by one at a time interval of 50 s; (2) After all the selected 5 tire / road contact sensing units are stimulated, stop for 2 minutes and perform the same stimulation operation as step (1) again. Two consecutive stimulations constitute one cycle, and the time series data of the test is saved in real time.

[0032] (3) Select the other 5 tire / road contact sensing units from the 18 tire / road contact sensing units and complete the test work in (1) and (2) above until all the tire / road contact sensing units are continuously stimulated and tested. The anti-crosstalk test of the tire / road contact sensing module is completed.

[0033] (4) After the test is completed, the experimental results are processed using Origin data processing software, and the corresponding voltage time series data results are plotted.

[0034] The output voltages of the five tire / road contact sensing units selected in a test are as follows: Figure 7 As shown. It can be seen that the voltage peak signals of the five channels appear in sequence over time. Exciting any tire / road contact sensing unit will not cause drastic changes in the output voltage of other tire / road contact sensing units. The excellent anti-crosstalk capability of the output signals of multiple sensing units provides a basic guarantee for multi-sensing point and high-precision monitoring of the tire throughout its life cycle. Therefore, the tire / road contact sensing module manufactured in this embodiment can be applied to health monitoring of tires throughout their life cycle.

[0035] Example 3 In this embodiment, a complete intelligent pavement system for tire health monitoring is prepared. According to the standards GB36581-2018 and GB / T 4502-2016, six tires with different health conditions, including new tires, almost new tires, medium-worn tires, highly worn tires, sudden puncture tires and scrapped tires, are selected as identification objects, and the identification of tires with different health conditions is carried out.

[0036] The intelligent pavement structure is rolled over by tires of each health condition multiple times, and the voltage signals of multiple sensing modules are collected at the same time. The voltage peak results output by 18 sensing modules when the tires of different health conditions are stimulated are extracted as feature values. In other words, one stimulation of the tires of each health condition contains 18 feature values. Multiple experiments are carried out for cluster analysis, and the results are as follows: Figure 8 It can be found that tires in different health conditions are clustered in different areas of the figure, which proves the feasibility of identifying tires in different health conditions in this embodiment.

[0037] The same steps as above were followed to conduct 900 tests on tires of all health conditions. The 900 samples from the test were used to further build and train the neural network model, with 80% of the data used as the test set and 20% of the data used as the validation set. After 100 epochs, the perception results of tires of different health conditions in the validation set are as follows: Fig. 9 The perception accuracy exceeded 99%, demonstrating the efficient perception capability of the intelligent pavement system for tire health monitoring in the present invention.

[0038] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any changes or modifications made by any person skilled in the art based on the above disclosed technical contents shall be deemed as equivalent effective embodiments and shall fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. An intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring, characterized in that: The pavement structure includes, from top to bottom, an outer flexible pavement structure (1), a top high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (2), a tire / road contact sensing module (3), and a bottom high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (4); It also includes a signal acquisition module (5) and a signal transmission and processing module (6); the signal acquisition module (5) is connected to the tire / road contact sensing module (3) via a wire and is used to collect voltage time series data during the tire / road contact process; the signal transmission and processing module (6) is used to receive data acquired by the signal acquisition module (5) and evaluate the tire health status.

2. The intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer layer flexible pavement structure (1) uses a fast-setting cold mix asphalt material to fill the top layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure gap (2), and its initial setting time is 10 minutes and the final setting time is 30 minutes.

3. The intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (2) adopts a composite material in which high-toughness rubber particles are embedded in a high-strength polyurethane structure, and has a compressive strength of 30-60 MPa and a tensile strength of 40-80 MPa.

4. The intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tire / road contact sensing module (3) adopts a multi-channel, multi-level tree frog foot-like high-adhesion structure based on the principle of friction nano-power generation, so as to significantly increase the friction of the tire / road contact surface.

5. The intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom layer high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (4) is prepared by adding MXene particles to polyurethane at a mass ratio of 1:

100. The prepared composite material has a compressive strength of 10-20 MPa and a tensile strength of 20-50 MPa.

6. The intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition module (5) uses an Arduino Mega 2560 and an external circuit board to collect voltage time series data during the tire / road contact process at a baud rate of 9600 via serial communication.

7. The intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal transmission and processing module (6) adopts the Zigbee protocol, with an effective communication distance of 150 m and a delay of no more than 1 ms.

8. The intelligent pavement system for tire health status monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manufacturing and installation steps include: Step 1: Prepare the tire / road contact sensing unit: mold a multi-level tree frog foot-like structure to improve the efficiency of tribo-nanoelectric power generation; adhere the conductive and non-conductive packaging layers, and test their voltage signal characteristics; Step 2: Using tire / road contact sensing units to prepare a tire / road contact sensing module: Select a number of tire / road contact sensing units with good electrical signal characteristics, evenly arrange them in an array on a square marble plate, and construct an array-type tire / road contact sensing module; Step 3: Prepare the top and bottom layers of high-strength and high-toughness sealing structures: Prepare a square sealing layer that meets the mechanical performance requirements of the structure; Step 4: Assemble the functional layers of the intelligent pavement system: Assemble the prepared bottom high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (4), tire / road contact sensing module (3), and top high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (2) from bottom to top, lead out the signal acquisition wire from the tire / road contact sensing module (3) to connect the signal acquisition module (5), and apply the outer layer flexible pavement structure (1) on the top high-strength and high-toughness sealing structure (2).

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