Seabed area trawl prevention device and laying and recycling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a seabed area trawl prevention device which comprises a plurality of trawl arresting devices arranged around a protection area, the distance between every two adjacent trawl arresting devices is smaller than the effective width of a trawl needing to be protected, each trawl arresting device comprises a ratchet plate, each ratchet plate is provided with a base, a mooring rope hole is formed in the center of each base, and a mooring rope is arranged in each mooring rope hole. A mooring rope locking device is arranged on the mooring rope hole, a plurality of pawls are arranged on the periphery of the mooring rope hole, the pawls are arranged in the radial direction, the ends of the pawls incline upwards and outwards, the ratchet plate is fixed to the seabed face through a boat anchor, and the boat anchor is connected with the ratchet plate through a mooring rope. The connecting plate end of the cable penetrates through the cable hole to be connected with the cable locking device. The invention further discloses a laying and recycling method of the seabed area trawl prevention device. The system can adapt to submarine topography changes, is good in flexibility, and can carry out centralized protection on a large-area region; the trawl net can be captured and effectively blocked; and the laying construction process is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine engineering technology, and in particular relates to a device for protecting submarine engineering facilities and equipment within a certain area, so as to prevent accidental damage to the facilities and equipment caused by trawling by fishing vessels and ensure the stability of the facilities and equipment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the acceleration of global marine resource development, the number of submarine engineering facilities and equipment has increased significantly. Submarine observation networks, marine environment monitoring equipment, deep-sea biological survey equipment, etc. need to be deployed on the seabed for a long time, which puts higher requirements on the protection of the surrounding environment. The large-scale development of fisheries has led to an increasingly prominent threat of trawling operations to submarine facilities. Existing anti-trawling technologies have the following shortcomings: 1) Traditional concrete protective piers, steel frame barriers and other structures are bulky, with high deployment costs, poor flexibility, and cannot adapt to changes in seabed topography. They can only provide physical protection for a single device and cannot provide centralized protection for a large area. 2) Electronic chart avoidance systems, electronic fences, etc. mainly rely on active avoidance by ships. Small fishing boats usually fail to protect themselves due to missing equipment or improper operation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a seabed anti-trawling device and a method for deploying and recovering the device. The device can effectively prevent trawls from entering the protection area, ensure the safety and stability of facilities and equipment in the area, and provide the last physical line of defense for the protection area when soft protection measures such as electronic charts and buoy warnings fail. The device can also adapt to changes in seabed terrain.

[0004] The present invention is achieved as follows: a device for preventing trawling in a seabed area comprises a plurality of trawling arresting devices arranged around a protection area, the spacing between two adjacent trawling arresting devices being smaller than the effective width of the trawling net to be protected, the trawling arresting device comprising a ratchet plate, the ratchet plate being provided with a base, a cable hole being provided at the center of the base, a cable locking device being provided on the cable hole, a plurality of ratchet claws being provided around the cable hole, the ratchet claws being arranged radially with ends inclined upward and outward, the ratchet plate being fixed to the seabed surface by an anchor, the anchor being connected to the ratchet plate by a cable, the connecting plate end of the cable passing through the cable hole and being connected to the cable locking device.

[0005] The cable locking device includes a plurality of flap structures evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the flap structure includes a support fixed on the base, a flap connected to the support via a rotating shaft is provided on the support, a torsion spring is provided between the flap and the base, and the torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft.

[0006] The distance between the anchor and the spine plate is greater than or equal to 20m.

[0007] The number of cables of each trawl arresting device is greater than or equal to 3, and the angle between two adjacent cables is less than or equal to 145°.

[0008] The base is made of cast steel or reinforced concrete prefabricated parts.

[0009] The base is provided with stiffening ribs.

[0010] The inclination angle of the end of the pawl is less than or equal to 30°.

[0011] A barb is provided on the pawl.

[0012] The above-mentioned method for deploying and recovering the anti-trawling device in the seabed area adopts the following steps: 1) According to the size of the protection area, the outer contour of its plane size is set to expand the range and determine the layout path of the trawl arresting device; 2) Ensure that there is at least one trawl arrester within the width of the trawl net according to the size of the trawl net to be protected, determine the spacing of the trawl arresters and the installation point of each one; 3) For each installation point, according to the design and layout of the anchor, use the construction tugboat to move from far to near towards the installation point, so that the anchor is anchored in the seabed. After confirming that the set anchoring force is reached, the connecting plate end of the cable is temporarily placed on the water surface using a buoy; 4) Gather the connecting plate ends of all cables at each installation point at the center and pass them through the cable holes of the thorn plate from bottom to top. Then use the lifting equipment to hoist the thorn plate. After the thorn plate is in place, adjust the cable to make it straight, and then lock it and cut off the excess cable. At this point, the construction of the trawl arresting device has been completed; 5) After the submarine facility has completed its mission and has been recovered, use artificial diving or underwater robots to locate the anchor of the trawl arrester, then use salvage tools to drag the anchor vertically out of the mud surface, release the anchor, and finally salvage the spines to complete the removal of the trawl arrester and restore the original seabed environment. The advantages and technical effects of the present invention are as follows: the use of multiple spaced and anchored anti-trawling devices for protection can adapt to changes in seabed terrain, has good flexibility, and can provide centralized protection for larger areas. At the same time, the present invention gives full play to the characteristics of the large horizontal anchoring force of the anchor, and combines with the thorn plate to achieve the capture and effective interception of the trawl; in addition, the installation process of the present invention is simple, does not require complex underwater operations, does not require manual or diving robots for auxiliary operations, is not limited by water depth conditions, and has a low installation cost. After completing the protection task, convenient and comprehensive recovery can be achieved to avoid leaving hidden dangers for later fishing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the plan layout of a regional anti-trawling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a trawl arresting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic plan view of the spine plate structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a cable self-locking device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] In the figure, 1-protection area; 2-trawl arresting device; 21-anchor; 22-cable; 23-spike plate; 231-base; 232-claw; 233-cable locking device; 234-cable hole; 2331-flap; 2332-rotating shaft; 2333-support; 2334-torsion spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0016] See also Figure 1 to Figure 4 A trawling prevention device for a seabed area comprises a plurality of trawling arresting devices 2 arranged around a protection area 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent trawling arresting devices 2 is smaller than the effective width of the trawling net to be protected.

[0017] The trawl arresting device 2 includes a ratchet plate 23, which is provided with a base 231. A cable hole 234 is provided in the center of the base 231. A cable locking device 233 is provided on the cable hole 234. A plurality of ratchets 232 are provided around the cable hole 234. The ratchets 232 are arranged radially with their ends tilted upward and outward.

[0018] The thorn plate 23 is fixed to the seabed surface by an anchor 21 . The anchor 21 is connected to the thorn plate 23 via a cable 22 . The plate-connecting end of the cable 22 passes through the cable hole 234 and is connected to the cable locking device 233 .

[0019] The core requirement of the anti-trawling device is to be able to provide a very large horizontal resistance. The present invention gives full play to the large horizontal anchoring force of the anchor, and combines the thorn plate to achieve the capture and effective interception of the trawling net. The present invention will cause varying degrees of damage to the fishing net and cannot be used alone. It needs to be used together with soft protection measures such as electronic charts and buoy warnings. It is the last line of defense.

[0020] The more specific preferred solutions of this embodiment are as follows: The cable locking device 233 includes a plurality of flap structures evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the flap structure includes a support 2333 fixedly mounted on the base 231, a flap 2331 connected to the support 2333 via a rotating shaft 2332 is provided, a torsion spring 2334 is provided between the flap 2331 and the base 231, and the torsion spring 2334 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 2332. With this locking structure, the cable can be self-locked by lifting the cable, and the anti-unlocking ability is strong and the construction is simple.

[0021] However, the above structure of the cable locking device is not restrictive, and other structures may also be used, such as a lock buckle and sleeve combination structure.

[0022] The distance between the anchor 21 and the thorn plate 23 is greater than or equal to 20m, so as to ensure that the main force direction of the cable is horizontal after the pawl hangs the net.

[0023] The number of cables of each trawl arresting device 2 is greater than or equal to 3, and the angle between two adjacent cables 22 is less than or equal to 145° to ensure the stability of the spine plate.

[0024] The base 231 should have a certain bending rigidity, and it is recommended to use cast steel parts or reinforced concrete prefabricated parts, which can be strengthened by providing stiffening ribs.

[0025] The end of the ratchet 232 has an inclination angle of less than or equal to 30° to prevent the trawl from falling off. If necessary, a barb can be added to enhance the anti-falling performance.

[0026] The above-mentioned method for deploying and recovering the anti-trawling device in the seabed area adopts the following steps: 1) According to the size of the protection area 1, the outer contour of its plane size is set to expand the range and determine the layout path of the trawl arresting device.

[0027] 2) According to the size of the trawl to be protected, ensure that there is at least one trawl arresting device 2 within the width of the trawl, determine the spacing between the trawl arresting devices 2, and the installation point of each one.

[0028] 3) For each installation point, according to the design and arrangement of the anchor 21, a construction tugboat is used to move from far to near toward the installation point so that the anchor 21 is anchored into the seabed. After confirming that the set anchoring force has been reached, the connecting plate end of the cable 22 is temporarily placed on the water surface using a buoy.

[0029] In order for the anchor to provide sufficient reaction force, it needs to be towed a certain distance by the tugboat, and the direction of the force in the later stage cannot change too much. Therefore, the construction tugboat must move towards the installation point of the spine plate to allow the anchor to drill into the soil and provide anchoring force.

[0030] 4) Gather the connecting plate ends of all cables 22 at each installation point at the center position, and pass them through the cable holes of the spike plate from bottom to top. Then use the lifting equipment to lift the spike plate 23, and the spike plate 23 falls smoothly to the seabed along the cable. After the spike plate 23 is in place, adjust the cable 22 to make it straight, and then complete the locking and cut off the excess cable. At this point, the construction of the trawl arrester 2 has been completed.

[0031] When the device is used, even if the thorn board is hooked by the fishing net, it will not be dragged away, because the thorn board is anchored, so the fishing net is hooked and blocked at this time.

[0032] The cable locking device provided in this embodiment has an upward self-locking function, which can effectively prevent the spine plate from moving upward along the cable.

[0033] The entire deployment construction process is simple, does not require complicated underwater operations, does not require auxiliary operations such as manual or diving robots, and is not limited by water depth conditions.

[0034] 5) After the submarine facility completes its mission and is recovered, use artificial diving or underwater robots to locate the anchor 21 of the trawl arresting device, then use salvage tools to drag the anchor 21 vertically out of the mud surface, release the anchor, and finally salvage the spine plate 23 to complete the dismantling of the trawl arresting device and restore the original seabed environment.

[0035] The anti-trawling device is used to protect the seabed facilities. After they complete the relevant observation or test tasks and recover them, the anti-trawling device can be removed. If it is not removed, it will cause hidden dangers to the fishing in the sea area.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preventing trawling in the seabed area, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of trawl arresting devices arranged around the protection area, wherein the distance between two adjacent trawl arresting devices is smaller than the effective width of the trawl to be protected, The trawl arresting device comprises a ratchet plate, wherein the ratchet plate is provided with a base, a cable hole is provided in the center of the base, a cable locking device is provided on the cable hole, and a plurality of ratchets are provided around the cable hole, wherein the ratchets are arranged radially, and the ends thereof are upwardly and outwardly inclined. The thorn plate is fixed on the seabed surface by an anchor, and the anchor is connected to the thorn plate by a cable, and the plate-connecting end of the cable passes through the cable hole and is connected to the cable locking device.

2. The anti-trawling device for seabed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable locking device includes a plurality of flap structures evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the flap structure includes a support fixed on the base, a flap connected to the support via a rotating shaft is provided on the support, a torsion spring is provided between the flap and the base, and the torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft.

3. The anti-trawling device for seabed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the anchor and the spine plate is greater than or equal to 20m.

4. The anti-trawling device for seabed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of cables of each trawl arresting device is greater than or equal to 3, and the angle between two adjacent cables is less than or equal to 145°.

5. The anti-trawling device for seabed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is made of cast steel or reinforced concrete prefabricated parts.

6. The anti-trawling device for seabed area according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base is provided with stiffening ribs.

7. The anti-trawling device for seabed area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the end of the pawl is less than or equal to 30°.

8. The anti-trawling device for seabed area according to claim 7, characterized in that: A barb is provided on the pawl.

9. A method for laying and recovering the anti-trawling device in the seabed area according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Use the following steps: 1) According to the size of the protection area, the outer contour of its plane size is set to expand the range and determine the layout path of the trawl arresting device; 2) Ensure that there is at least one trawl arrester within the width of the trawl net according to the size of the trawl net to be protected, determine the spacing of the trawl arresters and the installation point of each one; 3) For each installation point, according to the design and layout of the anchor, use the construction tugboat to move from far to near towards the installation point, so that the anchor is anchored in the seabed. After confirming that the set anchoring force is reached, the connecting plate end of the cable is temporarily placed on the water surface using a buoy; 4) Gather the connecting plate ends of all cables at each installation point at the center and pass them through the cable holes of the thorn plate from bottom to top. Then use the lifting equipment to hoist the thorn plate. After the thorn plate is in place, adjust the cable to make it straight, and then lock it and cut off the excess cable. At this point, the construction of the trawl arresting device has been completed; 5) After the submarine facility has completed its mission and has been recovered, use artificial diving or underwater robots to locate the anchor of the trawl arrester, then use salvage tools to drag the anchor vertically out of the mud surface, release the anchor, and finally salvage the spines to complete the removal of the trawl arrester and restore the original seabed environment.

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