Photovoltaic desertification control ecological system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sand wind protection, in particular to a photovoltaic desertification control ecosystem which comprises a photovoltaic module, a flow guide module, a splash-proof water retention layer and vegetation, and the photovoltaic module comprises a fixing support and a photovoltaic panel arranged on the fixing support; the flow guide assembly is arranged at the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel, and the flow guide assembly is used for collecting water on the photovoltaic panel and enabling the collected water to drop down through the flow guide end; the splash-proof water retention layer is laid on the ground, located below the flow guide assembly and used for receiving water dripped by the flow guide assembly. The vegetation is planted on the land and located below the photovoltaic panel; wherein water received by the splash-proof water retention layer is used for being conveyed to vegetation. The photovoltaic desertification control ecological system provided by the invention can be effectively combined with the photovoltaic module, and the functions of desertification control and ecological restoration are realized on the basis of ensuring the normal operation of the photovoltaic module, so that the collaborative development of clean energy, desertification control and ecological restoration is efficiently promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wind and sand protection, and in particular to a photovoltaic sand control ecosystem. Background Art

[0002] The desert, Gobi and wasteland (abbreviated as Shagohuang) in western my country have rich solar energy resources and are important national clean energy bases, but they are also areas with severe wind and sand disasters and fragile ecological environment, facing harsh environmental restrictions. The construction of the Shagohuang New Energy Base can generate clean energy on the one hand, and on the other hand, it shoulders the responsibility of sand control and ecological restoration. How to efficiently promote the coordinated development of clean energy, sand control and ecological restoration is an important scientific and technological issue in the development of the Shagohuang New Energy Base. Although a series of sand control and ecological restoration measures have been taken in the construction of photovoltaic power stations, such as grass grids, sand barrier fences, and plant sand fixation, the special structure of photovoltaic modules makes many measures unsuitable for photovoltaic power stations and cannot be developed sustainably. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides a photovoltaic sand control ecosystem, which can be effectively combined with photovoltaic modules to achieve sand control and ecological restoration functions on the basis of ensuring the normal operation of the photovoltaic modules, thereby efficiently promoting the coordinated development of clean energy, sand control and ecological restoration.

[0004] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic sand control ecosystem, including: a photovoltaic component, including a fixed bracket and a photovoltaic panel arranged on the fixed bracket; a diversion component, arranged at the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel, the diversion component is used to collect water on the photovoltaic panel and drip the collected water through the diversion end; a splash-proof water-retaining layer, laid on the ground and located below the diversion component, for receiving water dripped from the diversion component; vegetation, planted on the land and located below the photovoltaic panel; wherein the water received by the splash-proof water-retaining layer is used to be transported to the vegetation.

[0005] In a possible implementation, the splash-proof water-retaining layer includes a gravel covering layer, and the gravel covering layer is used to receive water dripping from the diversion assembly.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the splash-proof water-retaining layer further includes a waterproof layer disposed below the gravel cover layer, the waterproof layer is provided with through holes corresponding to the vegetation, and water on the waterproof layer is transported to the vegetation through the through holes.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the splash-proof water-retaining layer further includes a water storage layer disposed between the gravel cover layer and the water-isolating layer, and the water storage layer is used to store water received by the gravel cover layer.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the guide assembly includes a fixing portion and a confluence end, the guide assembly is connected to the photovoltaic panel via the fixing portion, and the confluence end is used to collect water on the photovoltaic panel and transport it to the guide end.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, the fixing portion is detachably connected to the photovoltaic panel.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the photovoltaic sand control ecosystem further includes a covering net, which is laid on the vegetation and is provided with holes for the vegetation to pass through.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the covering net is spaced apart from the splash-proof water-retaining layer, and a side of the covering net adjacent to the splash-proof water-retaining layer is pressed tightly by the splash-proof water-retaining layer.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the covering net includes a fiber net body and a fixing member, and the fiber net body is fixed to the ground by the fixing member.

[0013] In one possible implementation, multiple photovoltaic panels are arranged along the slope, and the splash-proof water-retaining layer includes a first splash-proof water-retaining layer and a second splash-proof water-retaining layer. The first splash-proof water-retaining layer is used to receive water dripping from the guide assembly on the bottom photovoltaic panel, and the second splash-proof water-retaining layer is used to receive water dripping from the guide assembly on other photovoltaic panels. The width of the first splash-proof water-retaining layer is greater than the width of the second splash-proof water-retaining layer.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the photovoltaic sand control ecosystem further includes a drip irrigation mechanism, which is used for drip irrigation of vegetation.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the vegetation includes Allium mongolicum.

[0016] The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem provided by the present invention provides a diversion component on the photovoltaic panel, collects water on the photovoltaic panel through the diversion component, and drips it through the diversion end; the splash-proof water-retaining layer below receives the water dripped by the diversion component and temporarily stores it to prevent water loss; the received water is transported to vegetation for vegetation growth without affecting the normal operation of the photovoltaic component; rainwater, snow water, clean water, etc. on the photovoltaic panel can be collected for the growth of vegetation below; the vegetation and the splash-proof water-retaining layer can protect the ground surface, thereby playing the role of sand control and ecological restoration; the ecosystem can be effectively combined with the photovoltaic component to ensure the normal operation of the photovoltaic component to achieve the functions of sand control and ecological restoration, thereby efficiently promoting the coordinated development of clean energy, sand control and ecological restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic sand control ecosystem provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic panel and vegetation provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic panel and a guide assembly provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a splash-proof water-retaining layer provided by the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an aquifer provided by the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a covering network provided by the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a flow guide component provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a flow guide assembly provided by the present invention from a side view; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a flow guide assembly provided by the present invention at a fixed sealing tooth; Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of a drip irrigation mechanism and vegetation provided by the present invention; Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of a drip irrigation nozzle and vegetation provided by the present invention; Fig.12 This is a schematic structural diagram of another photovoltaic sand control ecosystem provided by the present invention; Fig.13 yes Fig.12 The schematic diagram of the structure of vegetation and photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic sand control ecosystem is shown; Fig.14 This is a structural schematic diagram of another photovoltaic sand control ecosystem provided by the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1. Photovoltaic module; 11. Fixed bracket; 12. Photovoltaic panel; 2. flow guide assembly; 21. flow guide end; 22. fixed portion; 23. converging end; 24. cavity; 25. fixed sealing tooth; 26. movable sealing tooth; 27. elastic member; 28. receiving surface; 3. splash-proof water-retaining layer; 31. gravel covering layer; 32. water-isolating layer; 33. water-storing layer; 331. upper capillary channel layer; 332. lower water-storing layer; 333. middle filtration conversion layer; 34. first splash-proof water-retaining layer; 35. second splash-proof water-retaining layer; 4. Vegetation; 5. Covering net; 51. Fiber net body; 52. Fixing piece; 6. Drip irrigation mechanism; 61. Main pipeline; 62. Groove pipeline; 63. Drip irrigation nozzle; 64. Control power device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 13 The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem provided by the embodiment of the present invention is described, comprising a photovoltaic module 1, a flow guide module 2, a splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 and vegetation 4. Among them: The photovoltaic assembly 1 includes a fixing bracket 11 and a photovoltaic panel 12 disposed on the fixing bracket 11. Specifically, the photovoltaic assembly 1 includes a fixing bracket 11 and a plurality of photovoltaic panels 12 arranged obliquely in the north-south direction, the photovoltaic panels 12 are inclined in the south direction, and there are gaps between the photovoltaic panels 12 in the vertical direction.

[0025] The guide assembly 2 is arranged at the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel 12, and is used to collect water on the photovoltaic panel 12 and drip the collected water through the guide end 21. Specifically, the guide assembly 2 is arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12, and the water on the photovoltaic panel 12 flows along the photovoltaic panel 12 to the guide assembly 2, and the water is collected by the guide assembly 2 and dripped along a specific position.

[0026] The splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 is laid on the ground and is located below the flow guide component 2 to receive water dripping from the flow guide component 2 .

[0027] The vegetation 4 is planted on the land and is located below the photovoltaic panel 12 .

[0028] The water received by the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 is used to be transported to the vegetation 4 .

[0029] In the present invention, a diversion component 2 is arranged on the photovoltaic panel 12, and water on the photovoltaic panel 12 is collected by the diversion component 2 and dripped through the diversion end 21. The splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 below receives the water dripped from the diversion component 2 and temporarily stores it to prevent water loss. The received water is transported to the vegetation 4 for the growth of the vegetation 4, which will not affect the normal operation of the photovoltaic component 1. Rainwater, snow water, clean water, etc. on the photovoltaic panel 12 can also be collected for the growth of the vegetation 4 below. The vegetation 4 and the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 can protect the surface, thereby playing the role of sand prevention and ecological restoration. They can be effectively combined with the photovoltaic component 1 to ensure the normal operation of the photovoltaic component 1. The functions of sand prevention, desertification control and ecological restoration are achieved, thereby efficiently promoting the coordinated development of clean energy, sand prevention, desertification control and ecological restoration.

[0030] In the related art, the current measures for preventing sand and fixing desertification and ecological restoration in photovoltaic power stations are to use grass grids, ecological protection forests, etc., all of which are considered from the perspective of preventing sand and fixing desertification, without considering the special structure of the photovoltaic module 1 itself. The photovoltaic module 1 itself can cause disturbances to the wind and sand flow field. The current measures for preventing sand and fixing desertification and ecological restoration cannot be effectively combined with the photovoltaic module 1, which is easy to have a certain negative impact on the photovoltaic module 1. For example, grass grids are prone to cause fires, and sand-blocking fences and plant measures are easy to cast shadows on the photovoltaic panels 12, affecting the power generation; the shrubs used, such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Caragana korshinskii, and Tamarix tamarisk, consume a lot of water, and will cast shadows on the photovoltaic panels 12 after growing taller in the later stage. On the other hand, most of these shrubs are planted in the corridors between photovoltaic arrays, which is easy to affect daily operation and maintenance. Moreover, the current measures for preventing sand and fixing desertification and ecological restoration cannot effectively collect water on the photovoltaic panels 12 and use it for the growth of vegetation 4 according to the special structure of the photovoltaic panels 12 set at an angle, reducing the probability of vegetation 4 surviving in arid areas.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present invention, the structural feature of the photovoltaic panel 12 itself being tilted is fully utilized, and the space below the photovoltaic panel 12 is effectively utilized. The photovoltaic panel 12 can effectively reduce or prevent the impact of wind and sand on the vegetation 4 in the early stage. In addition, the structural feature of the photovoltaic panel 12 itself being tilted is utilized, and a diversion component 2 is set at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12. The diversion component 2 collects and fully distributes the water on the photovoltaic panel 12, and diverts the water to the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 below. The splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 can retain the water to prevent water loss, and use the water for the growth of vegetation 4. The splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 can not only be used to retain and transport water, but also protect the surface, reduce the erosion of the surface caused by long-term dripping, and then affect the effective sand prevention and control barrier. The growth of vegetation 4 improves the composition of the soil, plays an ecological restoration effect, and finally realizes the coordinated development of clean energy, sand prevention and control, and ecological restoration.

[0032] The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem proposed in the present invention constructs a complete set of ecological governance solutions through the organic combination of photovoltaic components 1, diversion components 2, splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 and vegetation 4. Among them, the gap design between the photovoltaic panels 12 is the key to the entire system, which not only meets the heat dissipation requirements of the photovoltaic components 1, but also cleverly uses these gaps as water resource collection channels. The setting of the diversion component 2 makes it possible to efficiently utilize the precipitation that might have been wasted, while the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 ensures that water resources can be fully absorbed and utilized through scientific structural design. The vegetation 4 planted under the photovoltaic panel 12 can not only fix sand and prevent dust, but also use the collected water resources to grow according to local conditions, forming a self-sufficient ecological circulation system. This design not only solves the sand and dust problems faced by traditional photovoltaic power stations, but also realizes the efficient use of water resources, so that photovoltaic power generation and ecological governance form a benign interaction.

[0033] In some embodiments, the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 includes a gravel covering layer 31 , and the gravel covering layer 31 is used to receive water dripping from the guide assembly 2 .

[0034] In the present invention, the gravel covering layer 31 uses gravel or crushed stone with a coverage of 80% and a particle size of 1-3 cm, which effectively covers the soil. It is used to receive dripping water under the diversion component 2 to prevent the water on the photovoltaic panel 12 from directly impacting the surface and causing erosion of the surface, thereby effectively protecting the surface.

[0035] Specifically, when rain falls on the inclined photovoltaic panel 12, drip lines will be formed at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12. Under the long-term dripping effect, the surface impacted by the drip line will be broken, forming a drip pit. Moreover, under the action of wind, erosion will also occur. Under the dual action of water droplets and wind, the area below the photovoltaic panel 12 is a severely affected area of ​​erosion. The present application uses a gravel covering layer 31 to protect the surface below the photovoltaic panel 12, preventing water droplets from directly impacting the surface, thereby achieving effective protection of the surface and preventing erosion.

[0036] The gravel cover layer 31 provided in the embodiment of the present invention has multiple functions: first, it can effectively reduce the impact force of water droplets and prevent the soil structure from being destroyed; second, the gaps between the gravels can temporarily store water and slow down water evaporation; finally, the gravel layer itself also has the function of preventing wind and fixing sand. This design fully considers the special environment of desert areas and solves the two key problems of water resource protection and soil stabilization through a simple and effective structure. The setting of the gravel cover layer 31 provides an important guarantee for the stable operation of the entire system.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the vegetation 4 is seeded in holes and is located directly below the drip line formed by the guide assembly 2, so that the water dripped from the guide assembly 2 can be fully utilized by the vegetation 4, and the gravel covering layer 31 can prevent wind erosion and splashing of water droplets on the one hand, and can effectively protect the vegetation 4 during the germination and seedling stages on the other hand.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 also includes a waterproof layer 32 arranged below the gravel cover layer 31, and the waterproof layer 32 is provided with through holes corresponding to the vegetation 4, and the water on the waterproof layer 32 is transported to the vegetation 4 through the through holes.

[0039] In the present invention, the water loss can be further prevented by the waterproof layer 32. The water collected by the splashproof water-retaining layer 3 is on the surface of the waterproof layer 32, and flows out through the through holes corresponding to the vegetation 4, and then the water is transported to the vegetation 4. In the design of the splashproof water-retaining layer 3, the introduction of the waterproof layer 32 embodies the concept of precision irrigation. By setting through holes corresponding to the positions of the vegetation 4 on the waterproof layer 32, the system can accurately transport the collected water resources to the roots of the vegetation 4. This directional water supply design greatly improves the efficiency of water resource utilization and avoids the lateral diffusion loss of water. At the same time, the presence of the waterproof layer 32 can also effectively control the soil moisture content and prevent problems such as local water accumulation or excessive groundwater level. This refined water management plan ensures that limited water resources can be utilized by vegetation 4 to the greatest extent.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 further includes a water storage layer 33 disposed between the gravel covering layer 31 and the water-isolating layer 32 , and the water storage layer 33 is used to store water received by the gravel covering layer 31 .

[0041] In the present invention, the provision of the water storage layer 33 further improves the function of the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3. The water storage layer 33 located between the gravel cover layer 31 and the water-proof layer 32 acts as a water resource regulating pool. During periods of concentrated precipitation, excess water can be temporarily stored in the water storage layer 33; during droughts, the stored water can continue to supply the growth of vegetation 4. This water resource spatiotemporal regulation mechanism effectively solves the problem of uneven spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation, provides a stable water supply for the growth of vegetation 4, and significantly improves the drought resistance and ecological benefits of the system.

[0042] like Figure 5As shown, specifically, the water storage layer 33 includes: an upper capillary channel layer 331, in which vertical capillary bundles and transversely connected microporous channels are arranged; a lower water storage layer 332, in which a honeycomb water storage unit is arranged; and an intermediate filtration conversion layer 333, which is arranged between the upper capillary channel layer 331 and the lower water storage layer 332, and includes a hydrophobic microporous membrane. The upper capillary channel layer 331 evenly distributes water through capillary action, the intermediate filtration conversion layer 333 prevents sediment from infiltrating and controls the unidirectional flow of water, and the lower water storage layer 332 separates and stores water to prevent rapid loss of water.

[0043] The upper capillary channel layer 331 , the lower water storage layer 332 and the middle filtration conversion layer 333 of the water storage layer 33 are an integrated structure. The water storage layer 33 is a modular structure and can be replaced to ensure its water storage performance.

[0044] Optionally, the waterproof layer 32 of the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 can also be replaced with a bottom shell, in which a water storage layer 33 and a gravel covering layer 31 are respectively arranged from bottom to top, and the bottom shell is made of degradable plastic material, so that the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 becomes multiple modules, and adjacent bottom shells can be positioned and spliced ​​by a positioning structure. Water outlet holes can be opened on the bottom shell according to the growth position of the vegetation 4, and the stored water is directly drained to the root system of the vegetation 4. In the early stage of the growth of the vegetation 4, if the water storage layer 33 needs to be replaced, the corresponding shell can be taken out, and the water storage layer 33 can be replaced after the gravel covering layer 31 is cleaned. Later, after the vegetation 4 grows up, the shell is made of degradable material, which can be directly degraded into fertilizer for the growth of vegetation 4.

[0045] like Figure 7-8 As shown, in some embodiments, the guide assembly 2 includes a fixing portion 22 and a confluence end 23 , the guide assembly is connected to the photovoltaic panel 12 via the fixing portion 22 , and the confluence end 23 is used to collect water on the photovoltaic panel 12 and transport it to the guide end 21 .

[0046] In the present invention, the guide component 2 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 12 through the fixing part 22, and then the water on the photovoltaic panel 12 is collected through the confluence end 23 and transported to the guide end 21, wherein the confluence end 23 is a fan-shaped structure, which increases the contact area with the photovoltaic panel 12 and can fully collect the water on the photovoltaic panel 12. The guide end 21 is a pointed end, so that the collected water drips along the pointed end, and the position of the drip line can be accurately controlled.

[0047] Specifically, the diversion component 2 is fixed at the lower edge of each photovoltaic panel 12 by a clip type, and is arranged at intervals of 10 cm. The diversion component 2 includes a confluence end 23, a fixing portion 22, and a diversion end 21. The diversion end 21 is perpendicular to the ground surface to form a corresponding dripping point. The diversion component 2 is based on the flow characteristics of rainwater, snow water, and clean water on the photovoltaic panel 12 and the structure of the photovoltaic panel 12, so that the rainwater, snow water, and clean water on the photovoltaic panel 12 are collected through the confluence end 23, and then accurately dripped to the dripping point on the ground through the diversion end 21, thereby realizing the utilization of surface vegetation 4 and realizing water saving and recycling of the photovoltaic panel 12.

[0048] In some embodiments, the fixing portion 22 is detachably connected to the photovoltaic panel 12 .

[0049] In the present invention, the detachable design of the flow guide assembly 2 reflects the practical considerations of the present invention. Through the modular design of the fixing portion 22 and the confluence end 23, the flow guide assembly 2 can be flexibly installed, disassembled and replaced as needed. This design is not only convenient for daily maintenance and cleaning, but also can adapt to different models of photovoltaic panels 12, thereby improving the versatility and maintainability of the system. The detachable connection between the fixing portion 22 and the photovoltaic panel 12 provides convenient conditions for the long-term operation and maintenance of the system, effectively reducing maintenance costs.

[0050] Specifically, the fixing portion 22 is a clip-type slot, which is clipped to the bottom edge of the photovoltaic panel 12 to achieve effective fixation of the diversion component 2 and the photovoltaic panel 12. The distance between the diversion components 2 can be adjusted by sliding the diversion components 2 as needed, so as to be suitable for different vegetation 4, so that the water dripping from the diversion end 21 can be accurately delivered to the vegetation 4 below, thereby improving the utilization rate of the circulating water.

[0051] Among them, Figure 7 and 9As shown, a cavity 24 is provided inside the flow guide component 2, the top of the cavity 24 is connected to the confluence end 23, the confluence end 23 is an open opening for receiving water on the photovoltaic panel 12, the bottom of the cavity 24 is connected to the flow guide end 21, the flow guide end 21 is a tubular structure, the water in the cavity 24 is concentrated to the flow guide end 21 and then discharged, so that the dripping position of the flow guide component 2 can be accurately located. Specifically, a fixed sealing tooth 25 is provided on one side wall of the cavity 24, and a movable sealing tooth 26 is provided on the other opposite side wall, the movable sealing tooth 26 can slide toward the fixed sealing tooth 25, and the movable sealing tooth 26 includes a first state of meshing with the fixed sealing tooth 25 and a second state of separation from the fixed sealing tooth 25. When the movable sealing teeth 26 are in the first state, the fixed sealing teeth 25 and the movable sealing teeth 26 close the side of the cavity 24 adjacent to the guide end 21, and the water in the cavity 24 will not flow to the guide end 21; when the movable sealing teeth 26 are in the second state, a gap is left between the fixed sealing teeth 25 and the movable sealing teeth 26, and the water in the cavity 24 can flow to the guide end 21. The movable sealing teeth 26 are provided with elastic members 27 on the side facing the fixed sealing teeth 25, which are used to support the movable sealing teeth 26. The side of the movable sealing teeth 26 facing away from the fixed sealing teeth 25 extends to the outside of the cavity 24, and has a receiving surface 28 for receiving wind force. The receiving surface 28 is located below the photovoltaic panel 12, and is used to receive the airflow blowing along the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12. When the wind force is less than the set value or there is no wind, the elastic member 27 pushes the movable sealing teeth 26, and the top of the diversion end 21 is in an open state; as the wind force increases, the wind force pushes the receiving surface 28, and then pushes the movable sealing teeth 26, so that the gap between the movable sealing teeth 26 and the fixed sealing teeth 25 continues to decrease, thereby reducing the dripping flow; when the wind force reaches the set value, the movable sealing teeth 26 and the fixed sealing teeth 25 bite, thereby closing the top of the diversion end 21, and the water in the cavity 24 will not drip at this time, preventing the dripping water droplets from being blown away when the wind force is strong, thereby solving the water resource problem. It is realized that whether to drip water is automatically adjusted according to the wind force. When the wind force is strong, the water can be temporarily stored in the cavity 24, and dripping water can be carried out after the wind force becomes smaller.

[0052] Optionally, an arc-shaped wind guide plate can be provided at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12 to change the wind direction at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12. Specifically, the wind guide plate is provided adjacent to the flow guide assembly. Because the airflow at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12 mainly flows along the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel 12, by providing a wind guide plate at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 12, the direction of the airflow can be changed to prevent the airflow from blowing at the drip line and affecting the vertical fall of water droplets, thereby ensuring that the water dripped from the flow guide assembly 2 can effectively fall into the area of ​​the splash-proof water-retaining layer, reducing the loss of water. Moreover, after the airflow changes direction through the wind guide plate, it blows directly to the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 below. The surface of the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 is a gravel covering layer 31, which can effectively buffer the airflow and prevent the airflow from blowing to the planting area (vegetation 4) below the photovoltaic panel 12, which can further protect the vegetation 4.

[0053] Attached Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic sand control ecosystem further includes a covering net 5 , which is laid on the vegetation 4 , and the covering net 5 is provided with holes for the vegetation 4 to pass through.

[0054] Specifically, the covering net 5 is a strip-shaped plant fiber covering net, which is made of plant fiber material, so it can be eco-friendly and degradable. At the same time, it covers the surface, which can effectively isolate the surface from wind, thereby inhibiting wind erosion. At the same time, it has the functions of inhibiting evaporation, moisturizing, frost and warming, which is beneficial to the growth and recovery of surface vegetation 4, and plays an important role in promoting ecological restoration.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the covering net 5 is spaced apart from the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 , and a side of the covering net 5 adjacent to the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 is pressed tightly by the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 .

[0056] In the present invention, the covering net 5 is spaced apart from the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3, and the edge of the covering net 5 is pressed by the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3, so that the covering net 5 does not need to be pressed and fixed separately, thereby ensuring the adhesion effect between the covering net 5 and the ground surface and preventing it from being scattered under the action of wind. The spacing between the covering net 5 and the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3, plus the edge pressing design, form a stable protection system.

[0057] In another specific embodiment, the covering net 5 includes a fiber net body 51 and a fixing member 52 , and the fiber net body 51 is fixed on the ground by the fixing member 52 .

[0058] In the present invention, a fiber mesh body 51 structure is adopted, which is connected to the ground through a fixing member 52, and through holes of appropriate size are arranged on the mesh surface, which not only ensures the normal growth of vegetation 4, but also effectively prevents animal intrusion and wind and sand erosion.

[0059] Specifically, the fiber mesh body 51 adopts a mesh structure woven from hemp rope fibers, with a porosity of 60-80%, a strip shape, and a width of 30-50 cm. The width can be customized according to actual needs. It is laid in a strip shape and is spaced apart from the gravel cover layer 31 and is located below the photovoltaic panel 12.

[0060] The fixing piece 52 is made of red willow branches, with a length of 20 cm and a diameter of 2 cm, and is set at the edge of the fiber mesh body 51, with one set at an interval of 1 m, for fixing the fiber mesh body 51. The connection between the two fiber mesh bodies 51 needs to be fixed emphatically, and the two need to be overlapped and then fixed at the overlap.

[0061] In another embodiment, the fixing member 52 may also be a bamboo stick or a wooden stick with a length of 20 cm.

[0062] In another embodiment, the fixing member 52 may also be a fixing stick made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene) material with a length of 20 cm.

[0063] In some embodiments, multiple photovoltaic panels 12 are arranged along the inclined surface, and the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 includes a first splash-proof water-retaining layer 34 and a second splash-proof water-retaining layer 35. The first splash-proof water-retaining layer 34 is used to receive water dripping from the guide component 2 on the bottom photovoltaic panel 12, and the second splash-proof water-retaining layer 35 is used to receive water dripping from the guide component 2 on other photovoltaic panels 12. The width of the first splash-proof water-retaining layer 34 is greater than the width of the second splash-proof water-retaining layer 35.

[0064] Specifically, the width of the first splash-proof water-retaining layer 34 is 50 cm, because it is located at the bottom edge of the photovoltaic panel 12, which is the erosion area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 12, and its surface wind speed is the largest. By setting the width of the first splash-proof water-retaining layer 34 to 50 cm, it can effectively prevent surface erosion, thereby playing a wind-proof and sand-fixing function. The width of the second splash-proof water-retaining layer 35 is 15 cm, and it is located below the drip line. The drip line is broken due to long-term dripping, forming a drip pit, which will produce erosion benefits for a long time under the action of wind. Under the dual action of water droplets and wind, it is a severely affected area of ​​erosion, and the gravel cover belt can effectively protect the surface, prevent erosion, and also have a water-retaining effect.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present invention, for the photovoltaic panel 12 installed on the slope, the present invention innovatively proposes a differentiated splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 design scheme. By setting a wider splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 at the bottom, the problem of water flow convergence on the slope is effectively solved. This position-based differentiated design fully considers the law of water flow movement, ensures the balanced use of water resources, and avoids the problem of water accumulation at the bottom or water shortage at the top.

[0066] In a specific embodiment, the photovoltaic panel 12 includes two layers of photovoltaic panels 12, which are, from bottom to top, a first photovoltaic panel 12 and a second photovoltaic panel 12, wherein the first splash-proof water-retaining layer 34 is located below the guide component 2 on the first photovoltaic panel 12, and is used to receive water dripping from the first photovoltaic panel 12, and the second splash-proof water-retaining layer 35 is located below the gap between the second photovoltaic panel 12 and the first photovoltaic panel 12, and is used to receive water dripping from the second photovoltaic panel 12.

[0067] In another specific embodiment, the photovoltaic panel 12 includes three layers of photovoltaic panels 12, which are, from bottom to top, the first photovoltaic panel 12, the second photovoltaic panel 12 and the third photovoltaic panel 12. Among them, the first splash-proof water-retaining layer 34 is located below the guide assembly 2 on the first photovoltaic panel 12, and is used to receive water dripping from the first photovoltaic panel 12, and the two second splash-proof water-retaining layers 35 are respectively located below the gap between the second photovoltaic panel 12 and the third photovoltaic panel 12 and below the gap between the first photovoltaic panel 12 and the second photovoltaic panel 12, and are respectively used to receive water dripping from the second photovoltaic panel 12 and the third photovoltaic panel 12.

[0068] Similarly, the photovoltaic panel 12 can also be a four-layer photovoltaic panel 12, a five-layer photovoltaic panel 12, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0069] like Fig.10 , 11 As shown, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic sand control ecosystem further includes a drip irrigation mechanism 6 , which is used for drip irrigation of the vegetation 4 .

[0070] In the present invention, the configuration of the drip irrigation mechanism 6 serves as a supplementary safeguard for the system, further improving the reliability of the system. When natural precipitation is insufficient or unevenly distributed, the drip irrigation system can provide necessary water supply to ensure the normal growth of vegetation 4. This dual safeguard mechanism greatly improves the system's ability to resist risks and provides strong support for the sustained and stable operation of the ecosystem.

[0071] Specifically, the drip irrigation mechanism includes a main pipeline 61, a gross pipeline 62, a drip irrigation nozzle 63, a water source and a control power device 64. The gross pipeline 62 is laid along the drip line, and the drip irrigation nozzle 63 is set at the dripping point, that is, the position of the sand onion. Under the action of the control power device 64, water flows through the water source, flows into the main pipeline 61, and then flows to the gross pipeline 62, and finally transports the water to the root position of the sand onion through the drip irrigation nozzle 63.

[0072] In another embodiment, the drip irrigation mechanism 6 adopts an intelligent control power device 64, which can intelligently control the irrigation amount and irrigation time according to soil moisture and plant demand, and can save water more efficiently.

[0073] In some embodiments, vegetation 4 includes Allium mongolicum.

[0074] In the present invention, the sand onion is suitable for growing in desert areas, especially gravel surfaces, and can withstand drought and windy sand environments. Under the shielding effect of the photovoltaic panel 12, the influence of wind and sand on it is suppressed, evaporation and light are reduced, and a more suitable living environment can be provided for it. At the same time, its planting position is the dripping point formed by the confluence of the diversion component 2, so that its water conditions are abundant, and the growth of the sand onion is promoted through water saving and efficient use of water. At the same time, the sand onion not only has ecological functions, but also has economic value, and can realize the ecological products of photovoltaic power stations, thereby increasing added value. Thereby ultimately achieving photovoltaic power generation, it can also generate ecological benefits and economic benefits, while solving the employment and income-generating role of the people in the sandy areas, and generating additional social benefits.

[0075] Moreover, the planting of sand onion under the photovoltaic panel 12 fully considers the impact of the photovoltaic panel 12 on wind and sand. The wind and sand under the photovoltaic panel 12 are small, and the evaporation is small. The shielding effect of the photovoltaic panel 12 makes the strong radiation of the desert less strong, thereby promoting the growth of sand onion. At the same time, sand onion is an economic crop suitable for growth, and planting under the photovoltaic panel 12 does not affect the operation of the photovoltaic power station. Moreover, it grows short and does not affect the photovoltaic panel 12, and can also generate economic value and ecological value.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the Allium mongolicum in the photovoltaic sand control ecosystem is not only planted under the photovoltaic panels 12, but also planted in rows in the corridors between the photovoltaic panel 12 arrays.

[0077] In another specific embodiment, the mongolica in the photovoltaic sand control ecosystem is not only planted under the photovoltaic panel 12, but other sand-adaptive plants such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix chinensis, and Lycium barbarum are also planted in rows in the corridors between the photovoltaic panel 12 arrays.

[0078] The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem is provided with a diversion component 2 on the photovoltaic panel 12, and the diversion component 2 collects water on the photovoltaic panel 12 and drips it through the diversion end 21. The splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 below receives the water dripping from the diversion component 2 and temporarily stores it to prevent water loss. The received water is transported to the vegetation 4 for the growth of the vegetation 4, which will not affect the normal operation of the photovoltaic component 1. The rainwater, snow water, clean water, etc. on the photovoltaic panel 12 can also be collected for the growth of the vegetation 4 below. The vegetation 4 and the splash-proof water-retaining layer 3 can protect the surface, thereby playing the role of sand control and ecological restoration. They can be effectively combined with the photovoltaic component 1 to ensure the normal operation of the photovoltaic component 1 to achieve the functions of sand control and ecological restoration, thereby efficiently promoting the coordinated development of clean energy, sand control and ecological restoration.

[0079] like Figure 12-13 As shown, in some embodiments, Allium mongolicum is planted only on the drip lines, and no crops are planted in the center between adjacent drip lines.

[0080] like Fig.14 As shown, in other embodiments, allium mongolicum is planted only on the drip line, while low sand-adaptive plants such as alfalfa, red sand, and Asparagus cochinchinensis are planted between the drip lines. This can form a comprehensive plant configuration, thereby achieving a better wind-proof and sand-fixing effect.

[0081] The present invention also provides a construction method of a photovoltaic sand control ecosystem, comprising: Construction of photovoltaic module 1: The best time to construct photovoltaic module 1 is after May, because the northwest region is in the windy season from January to May, and the construction period is set at this time, which is prone to wind erosion. First install the columns, then set up the photovoltaic panels 12, and after the photovoltaic panels 12 are set up, the surface must be leveled.

[0082] Site leveling: Because of construction reasons, the surface sand surface will be damaged and needs to be leveled as soon as possible.

[0083] Laying the drip irrigation mechanism 6: The drip irrigation mechanism 6 is laid immediately after the field is leveled, the main pipeline 61 is buried in the ground, and the gross pipeline 62 is laid on the ground, which can minimize the disturbance to the sand surface.

[0084] Laying the covering net 5: Laying the covering net 5 can prevent wind erosion from occurring in time, and can also retain moisture and prevent evaporation.

[0085] Install diversion component 2: Diversion component 2 can redistribute rainwater and drip it into the drip pits on the surface, thereby providing moisture for the next step of planting sand onions and laying a good foundation.

[0086] Planting sand onion: The best time to plant sand onion is from March to May. Use hole sowing with a sowing depth of 2-3 cm and 15-20 seeds per hole. Supplementary sowing is carried out from August to October.

[0087] Gravel covering: After planting the sand onion, lay gravel on it. On the one hand, it can prevent wind erosion and water splashing, and on the other hand, it can effectively protect the germination and growth of the sand onion seedlings.

[0088] The advantages of this photovoltaic sand control ecosystem are mainly reflected in the following aspects: The biggest innovation is the use of drip lines to efficiently utilize water resources, using the hole sowing method of sand onion to match the location of the drip point; Planting sand onions under the photovoltaic panels 12 fully considers the impact of the photovoltaic panels 12 on wind and sand. The wind and sand under the panels are small, and the evaporation is small. The shielding effect of the photovoltaic panels 12 makes the strong radiation in the desert not so strong, thereby promoting the growth of sand onions.

[0089] At the same time, allium sandii is an economic crop suitable for growth, and it is planted under the photovoltaic panel 12, which does not affect the operation of the photovoltaic power station. Moreover, it grows short and does not affect the photovoltaic panel 12, and can also generate economic value and ecological value. Allium sandii is a perennial plant that can continuously play a role in sand fixation. At the same time, the economic value it generates feeds back to the sand control work, so that the sand control work can be sustainable. This is also a typical model of the new model of photovoltaic sand control project, which can be widely promoted in the large-scale Shagohuang new energy base, and has broad application prospects.

[0090] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic sand control ecosystem, characterized in that: include: A photovoltaic assembly (1), comprising a fixing bracket (11) and a photovoltaic panel (12) arranged on the fixing bracket (11); A flow guide component (2) is arranged at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (12), and the flow guide component (2) is used to collect water on the photovoltaic panel (12) and drip the collected water through the flow guide end (21); A splash-proof water-retaining layer (3) is laid on the ground and is located below the diversion component (2) and is used to receive water dripping from the diversion component (2); Vegetation (4), planted on the land and located below the photovoltaic panel (12); The water received by the splash-proof water-retaining layer (3) is used to be transported to the vegetation (4).

2. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The splash-proof water-retaining layer (3) comprises a gravel covering layer (31), and the gravel covering layer (31) is used to receive water dripping from the flow guide component (2).

3. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The splash-proof water-retaining layer (3) further comprises a water-blocking layer (32) arranged below the gravel covering layer (31); the water-blocking layer (32) is provided with through holes corresponding to the vegetation (4); water on the water-blocking layer (32) is transported to the vegetation (4) through the through holes.

4. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The splash-proof water-retaining layer (3) further comprises a water storage layer (33) arranged between the gravel covering layer (31) and the water-isolating layer (32), wherein the water storage layer (33) is used to store water received by the gravel covering layer (31).

5. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide component (2) comprises a fixing portion (22) and a confluence end (23); the flow guide component (2) is connected to the photovoltaic panel (12) via the fixing portion (22); the confluence end (23) is used to collect water on the photovoltaic panel (12) and transport it to the flow guide end (21).

6. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The fixing portion (22) is detachably connected to the photovoltaic panel (12).

7. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem further comprises a covering net (5), wherein the covering net (5) is laid on the vegetation (4), and the covering net (5) is provided with holes for the vegetation (4) to pass through.

8. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The covering net (5) comprises a fiber net body (51) and a fixing member (52); the fiber net body (51) is fixed to the ground via the fixing member (52).

9. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panels (12) are provided with a plurality of pieces along the inclined surface; the splash-proof water-retaining layer (3) comprises a first splash-proof water-retaining layer (34) and a second splash-proof water-retaining layer (35); the first splash-proof water-retaining layer (34) is used to receive water dripped from the guide assembly (2) on the photovoltaic panel (12) at the bottom; the second splash-proof water-retaining layer (35) is used to receive water dripped from the guide assembly (2) on other photovoltaic panels (12); and the width of the first splash-proof water-retaining layer (34) is greater than the width of the second splash-proof water-retaining layer (35).

10. The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The photovoltaic sand control ecosystem further comprises a drip irrigation mechanism (6), and the drip irrigation mechanism (6) is used for drip irrigation of the vegetation (4).

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