Rapid pressure-bearing layer pressure reducing and recharging system and method for tunnel emergency rescue

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel leakage disaster rescue, in particular to a pressure-bearing layer rapid pressure reduction and recharge system and method for tunnel rescue, comprising a pumping well, a recharge well and a support mechanism, the pumping well is arranged near a leakage point of a shield tunnel, and the pumping well performs pumping operation on a pressure-bearing aquifer to form a pressure reduction area; the multiple recharge wells are arranged around the pressure reduction area, recharge operation is conducted on the confined aquifer through the recharge wells, the supporting mechanism comprises an outer pile casing, the outer pile casing can be placed in the pumping well, a hollow air chamber is formed between the outer pile casing and the inner pile casing, the outer side wall of the outer pile casing is wrapped with an air bag, and the air bag can communicate with the hollow air chamber. The inner wall of the pumping well near a water leakage point is supported and protected through the supporting mechanism, so that the pumping operation can be smoothly carried out, the situation that the efficiency of the pumping operation is influenced by well wall collapse is avoided, and the water pressure of a pressure-bearing layer where a tunnel leaks is reduced on the premise that the surrounding environment is protected through cooperative work of the pumping well and the recharge well.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel leakage disaster rescue, and in particular to a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharging system and method for tunnel rescue. Background Art

[0002] In coastal cities, large areas of soft soil layers and silt and silt sand that are easily lost with groundwater pose great risks to the construction and operation safety of shield tunnels, and are prone to water and sand gushing accidents. Traditional grouting plugging is often difficult to take effect under the high water pressure of the pressure-bearing layer, which can cause large-scale structural damage and ground subsidence, resulting in casualties and economic losses, and have adverse social impacts. Since high water pressure is an important reason for the rapid development of tunnel disasters and the difficulty of traditional grouting rescue, and traditional pumping well decompression will cause uneven settlement of surrounding pipelines and buildings, how to quickly decompress the pressure-bearing layer at the early stage of tunnel leakage without affecting the surrounding environment has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] Patent document publication number CN202466683U is a recharge system combining water extraction and underground aquifer energy storage, including a pumping well and a recharge well, the pumping well and the recharge well are connected by a pipeline, one pumping well corresponds to multiple dispersed recharge wells, multiple recharge wells and pumping wells form a three-dimensional convection structure, the pumping well and the recharge well need to be kept 50-100 meters apart, the pumping well and the recharge well have the same depth, the recharge well has a diameter equal to or smaller than the pumping well; the ratio of the number of pumping wells to the recharge well is 1:3-10. However, the patent still has some shortcomings: after pumping, the well wall loses water pressure support and is prone to soil falling or even small-scale collapse, causing pipeline blockage or damage. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in order to solve the problem that the well wall loses water pressure support after pumping, it is easy for debris to fall or even collapse in a small area, causing pipeline blockage or damage, the present invention provides a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharge system and method for tunnel rescue to solve the above problem.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharge system and method for tunnel rescue, including a pumping well, a recharge well and a support mechanism, the pumping well is arranged near the leakage point of the shield tunnel, and the pressure-bearing aquifer is pumped through the pumping well to form a decompression zone to reduce the water pressure near the leakage point of the shield tunnel, a plurality of recharge wells are arranged, and a plurality of the recharge wells are arranged around the decompression zone, and the pressure-bearing aquifer is recharged through the recharge wells to keep the decompression zone within a set range, and the support mechanism includes an outer casing, an inner casing and an air bag, the inner casing is fixed at the center of the outer casing, the outer casing can be placed in the pumping well, a hollow chamber is formed between the outer casing and the inner casing, the air bag is wrapped on the outer side wall of the outer casing and can be connected to the hollow chamber, and the air bag is used to support the side wall of the pumping well.

[0006] Preferably, the support mechanism also includes an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a float, a sliding sealing disk and a valve device, the centers of the upper end cover and the lower end cover are each provided with a through hole connected to the inner casing, the tops of the inner casing and the outer casing are both fixedly connected to the upper end cover, the bottoms of the inner casing and the outer casing are both fixedly connected to the lower end cover, the lower end cover is also provided with a liquid inlet connected to the air chamber, the float is slidably installed in the air chamber, the sliding sealing disk is sleeved on the inner casing and fixedly connected to the top of the float, the outer ring of the sliding sealing disk is slidably sealed with the inner wall of the outer casing, the inner ring of the sliding sealing disk is slidably sealed with the outer wall of the inner casing, the valve device is fixed to a position near the top of the outer casing, the valve device is connected to the air chamber and the airbag, and the float is used to push the sliding sealing disk to move upward and open the valve device.

[0007] Preferably, the valve device comprises a sealing ring plate, a valve stem, a push plate, a door plate and a bolt, the outer casing is provided with a valve, the door plate is slidably installed in the valve for closing the valve, the door bolt is fixed to the bottom of the valve, the inner ring of the sealing ring plate is fixedly and sealedly connected to the inner casing, the outer ring of the sealing ring plate is fixedly and sealedly connected to the outer casing, the sealing ring plate divides the air chamber into two parts, the valve is located on the upper side of the sealing ring plate, the valve stem is vertically slidably installed on the sealing ring plate, the top of the valve stem abuts against the door bolt, the lower end of the valve stem is provided with a through groove, the length of the through groove is greater than the thickness of the sealing ring plate, the push plate is fixed to the bottom of the valve stem, and the sliding sealing disk can push the push plate and the valve stem to move upward until the through groove at the lower end of the valve stem is connected to the air chamber on the upper and lower sides of the sealing ring plate.

[0008] Preferably, a compression ring is fixed on the top of the door bolt, and a compression spring is fixed between the compression ring and the upper end cover, and the compression spring is used to push the door bolt and the door plate downward to close the valve.

[0009] Preferably, the pumping well is arranged within 10m~20m of the leakage point, a first filter is arranged at the pressurized aquifer near the leakage point in the pumping well, and a second filter is arranged at the pressurized aquifer in the recharging well.

[0010] Preferably, the recharge wells are arranged in a ring with the center of the pressure relief zone as a circle or are arranged according to the location of the protected building.

[0011] A method for rapid decompression and reinjection of a pressure-bearing layer for tunnel rescue, comprising the above-mentioned rapid decompression and reinjection system for a pressure-bearing layer for tunnel rescue, and also comprising the following steps: S1, when leakage occurs in a shield tunnel in a soft soil area, determining the mapping position of the leakage point of the shield tunnel on the surface, and determining the positions of a pumping well and a reinjection well, wherein the pumping well is located near the leakage point, and the reinjection well is located on a ring with the center of the decompression zone as the center, or is arranged according to the distribution of protected buildings; S2, constructing a well, and lowering the support mechanism to a position in the pumping well close to the leakage point; S3, after the construction of the pumping well and the reinjection well is completed, starting to work according to the designed pumping volume and reinjection volume to reduce the water pressure near the leakage point of the shield tunnel.

[0012] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that a pumping well, a recharging well and a support mechanism are provided, and the inner wall of the pumping well near the leaking point is supported and protected by the support mechanism, so that the pumping operation can be carried out smoothly, and the well wall collapse is avoided to affect the efficiency of the pumping operation. At the same time, the coordinated work of the pumping well and the recharging well can reduce the water pressure of the pressure-bearing layer of the tunnel where leakage occurs under the premise of protecting the surrounding environment, so as to slow down the development of the leakage disaster and buy time for emergency rescue work such as grouting and plugging. At the same time, since the rescue work cannot cut off the hydraulic connection, the recharging well is used to protect the surrounding environment. After precise calculation and design, the pressure-bearing layer is decompressed under the coordinated work of the pumping well and the recharging well, which not only meets the requirements of environmental protection, but also completes the emergency rescue work, which is conducive to reducing casualties and economic losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall layout position of a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharging system for tunnel rescue according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a pumping well of a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharging system for tunnel rescue according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air bag of a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharging system for tunnel rescue according to the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an inner casing of a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharging system for tunnel rescue according to the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a valve stem of a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharging system for tunnel rescue according to the present invention; Figure 6 The invention is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an outer casing of a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharging system for tunnel rescue.

[0015] Figure numerals: 1. Pumping well; 2. Recharge well; 3. Support mechanism; 4. Shield tunnel; 5. Leakage point; 6. Pressurized aquifer; 7. Outer casing; 8. Inner casing; 9. Air bag; 10. Upper end cover; 11. Lower end cover; 12. Float; 13. Sliding sealing disk; 14. Target groundwater level; 15. Liquid inlet; 16. Sealing ring plate; 17. Valve stem; 18. Push plate; 19. Door plate; 20. Door bolt; 21. Valve; 22. Through groove; 23. Pressure ring; 24. Pressure spring; 25. First filter screen; 26. Second filter screen; 27. Protected building; 28. Contour line of groundwater drawdown of 0; 29. ​​Clay ball; 30. Medium-coarse sand; 31. Clay layer; 32. Clay soil; 33. Initial groundwater level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The following first describes the concepts involved in the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following description of each concept is only to make the content of the present application easier to understand, and does not limit the scope of protection of the present application; at the same time, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides an embodiment of a pressure-bearing layer rapid decompression and recharge system and method for tunnel rescue, comprising a pumping well 1, a recharge well 2 and a support mechanism 3, wherein the pumping well 1 is arranged near a leakage point 5 of a shield tunnel 4, and a pressure-reducing zone is formed by pumping water from a pressure-bearing layer 6 through the pumping well 1, so as to reduce the water pressure near the leakage point 5 of the shield tunnel 4, and a plurality of recharge wells 2 are arranged, and the plurality of recharge wells 2 are arranged around the decompression zone, and a recharge operation is performed on the pressure-bearing layer 6 through the recharge well 2, so that the decompression zone is maintained within a set range, and the support mechanism 3 comprises an outer casing 7, an inner casing 8 and an air bag 9, the inner casing 8 is fixed at the center of the outer casing 7, the outer casing 7 can be placed in the pumping well 1, and a hollow chamber is formed between the outer casing 7 and the inner casing 8, the air bag 9 is wrapped on the outer side wall of the outer casing 7 and can be communicated with the hollow chamber, and the air bag 9 is used to support the side wall of the pumping well 1.

[0019] When leakage occurs in the shield tunnel 4 in the soft soil area, a pumping well 1 is quickly drilled near the leakage point 5, and the water pressure of the pressure-bearing layer 6 where the shield tunnel 4 leaks is reduced by the pumping operation of the pumping well 1, forming a decompression zone. At the same time, a recharge well 2 is arranged on a ring with the center of the decompression zone as the center of the circle, and the decompression zone is controlled within a set range by the recharge well 2, so as to protect the surrounding protected buildings 27 from uneven settlement caused by the influence of the decompression zone.

[0020] The support mechanism 3 also includes an upper end cover 10, a lower end cover 11, a float 12, a sliding sealing disk 13 and a valve device. The centers of the upper end cover 10 and the lower end cover 11 are both provided with through holes connected to the inner casing 8. The tops of the inner casing 8 and the outer casing 7 are fixedly connected to the upper end cover 10, and the bottoms of the inner casing 8 and the outer casing 7 are fixedly connected to the lower end cover 11. The lower end cover 11 is also provided with a liquid inlet 15 connected to the air chamber. The float 12 is slidably installed in the air chamber. The sliding sealing disk 13 is sleeved on the inner casing 8 and fixedly connected to the top of the float 12. The outer ring of the sliding sealing disk 13 is slidably sealed with the inner wall of the outer casing 7, and the inner ring of the sliding sealing disk 13 is slidably sealed with the outer wall of the inner casing 8. The valve device is fixed at a position near the top of the outer casing 7. The valve device is connected to the air chamber and the airbag 9. The float 12 is used to push the sliding sealing disk 13 to move upward and open the valve device.

[0021] The valve device includes a sealing ring plate 16, a valve stem 17, a push plate 18, a door plate 19 and a bolt 20. The outer casing 7 is provided with a valve 21. The door plate 19 is slidably installed in the valve 21 to close the valve 21. The bolt 20 is fixed to the bottom of the valve 21. The inner ring of the sealing ring plate 16 is fixedly sealed and connected with the inner casing 8. The outer ring of the sealing ring plate 16 is fixedly sealed and connected with the outer casing 7. The sealing ring plate 16 divides the air chamber into two parts, the upper and lower parts. The valve 21 is provided with a valve plate 19. The valve plate 19 is installed in the valve 21 to close the valve 21. The bolt 20 is fixed to the bottom of the valve 21. The inner ring of the sealing ring plate 16 is fixedly sealed and connected with the inner casing 8. The outer ring of the sealing ring plate 16 is fixedly sealed and connected with the outer casing 7. The sealing ring plate 16 divides the air chamber into two parts, the upper and lower parts. 1 is located on the upper side of the sealing ring plate 16, the valve stem 17 is vertically slidably installed on the sealing ring plate 16, the top of the valve stem 17 is in contact with the bolt 20, the lower end of the valve stem 17 is provided with a through groove 22, the length of the through groove 22 is greater than the thickness of the sealing ring plate 16, the push plate 18 is fixed at the bottom of the valve stem 17, and the sliding sealing disk 13 can push the push plate 18 and the valve stem 17 to move upward until the through groove 22 at the lower end of the valve stem 17 is connected to the hollow chambers on the upper and lower sides of the sealing ring plate 16.

[0022] A clamping ring 23 is fixed on the top of the bolt 20, and a clamping spring 24 is fixed between the clamping ring 23 and the upper end cover 10. The clamping spring 24 is used to push the bolt 20 and the door plate 19 downward to close the valve 21.

[0023] The working principle of the support mechanism 3 is: first, the support mechanism 3 is hoisted as a whole into the pumping well 1. When the lower end cover 11 moves to the position of the pressurized aquifer 6, the liquid in the pumping well 1 can enter the hollow chamber from the liquid inlet 15 of the lower end cover 11, so that the float 12 floats and pushes the sliding sealing disk 13 to move upward. At the same time, the sliding sealing disk 13 can also block the liquid to prevent the liquid from flowing to the top of the sliding sealing disk 13. When the sliding sealing disk 13 moves upward, it first contacts with the push plate 18 and pushes the push plate 18 to move upward. The push plate 18 drives the valve stem 17 to move upward. The upward movement of the valve stem 17 will push the door bolt 20 and the door plate 19 to move upward, and the valve 21 will be opened.

[0024] Moreover, when the float 12 just starts to float up, it is not completely immersed in the liquid, and its buoyancy has not reached its maximum. At this time, the valve stem 17 will also compress the compression spring 24 when it moves upward. The valve stem 17, the push plate 18 and the float 12 are subjected to the downward pressure of the compression spring 24 when moving upward, and therefore cannot push the valve stem 17 to move into place. At this time, the through groove 22 at the bottom of the valve stem 17 is completely under the sealing ring plate 16, so the upper and lower sides of the sealing ring plate 16 cannot be connected, so that the gas in the air chamber is accumulated on the lower side of the sealing ring plate 16.

[0025] Afterwards, the outer casing 7 continues to be hoisted downward, and during the downward movement of the outer casing 7, it enters a deeper position in the pressurized aquifer 6. At this time, the buoy 12 is completely immersed in the liquid, and as the depth increases, the pressure exerted by the liquid on the bottom of the sliding sealing disk 13 is also greater. Therefore, the sliding sealing disk 13 can continue to push the valve stem 17 to move upward until a part of the through groove 22 at the bottom of the valve stem 17 moves to the top of the sealing ring plate 16. At this time, the upper and lower sides of the sealing ring plate 16 are connected by the through groove 22, and the gas accumulated on the lower side of the sealing ring plate 16 quickly flows to the valve 21 and enters the airbag 9 from the valve 21. The effect is that the airbag 9 will be inflated and expanded rapidly after reaching a deeper part of the pressurized aquifer 6. The outer wall of the inflated airbag 9 is pressed against the inner wall of the pumping well 1, supporting the pumping well 1 to prevent the well wall from collapsing after the water pressure drops.

[0026] The pumping well 1 is set within 510m~20m of the leakage point. A first filter screen 25 is set at the pressure aquifer 6 near the leakage point 5 in the pumping well 1, and a second filter screen 26 is set at the pressure aquifer 6 in the recharging well 2.

[0027] The recharge wells 2 are arranged in a ring with the center of the decompression zone as a circle or arranged according to the location of the protected building 27, and the water pressure outside the target decompression zone is controlled by recharge.

[0028] A method for rapid decompression and recharging of a pressure-bearing layer for tunnel rescue, comprising the above-mentioned rapid decompression and recharging system for a pressure-bearing layer for tunnel rescue, and further comprising the following steps: S1. When leakage occurs in the shield tunnel 4 in the soft soil area, determine the mapping position of the leakage point 5 of the shield tunnel 4 on the ground surface, and determine the positions of the pumping well 1 and the recharging well 2, wherein the pumping well 1 is located near the leakage point 5, and the recharging well 2 is located on a ring with the center of the decompression zone as the center, or arranged according to the distribution of the protected buildings 27, so as to control the contour line 28 with the groundwater drop of 0 within the set range, so as to protect the protected buildings 27 from uneven settlement caused by the decompression of the confined aquifer 6; S2. Well construction. After the well drilling location is determined, the drilling rig is quickly installed and the hole is drilled. The hole construction adopts natural slurrying in the hole, and the mud density during the drilling process is controlled to prevent the hole wall from collapsing. After the drilling is completed, the debris in the hole is quickly removed, the mud density in the hole is reduced, the well pipe is centered and smoothly inserted into the hole, and the filter material is placed according to the filter material requirements. The medium-coarse sand 30 is filled between the filter screen and the confined aquifer 6, and the medium-coarse sand 30 of the confined aquifer 6 and the clay 32 of the clay layer 31 are separated by clay balls 29. Finally, the air compressor is used to pump water to wash the well, blow out the sediment at the bottom of the pipe, and lower the support mechanism 3 to the position near the leakage point 5 in the pumping well 1. The construction of all pumping wells 1 and recharging wells 2 is completed within hours to 8 hours after the leakage disaster occurs, so as to complete the decompression during the slow development period of 6 hours to 12 hours after the tunnel leakage disaster occurs, and control the development of the disaster; S3. After the construction of the pumping well 1 and the recharging well 2 is completed, work is started according to the designed pumping and recharging volumes to change the groundwater level from the initial groundwater level 33 to the target groundwater level 14, thereby reducing the water pressure near the leakage point 5 of the shield tunnel 4, that is, decompressing the pressurized aquifer 6, while protecting the surrounding protected buildings 27 from the influence of the decompression zone, so as to control the development of the tunnel leakage disaster and buy time for plugging and rescue operations.

[0029] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core ideas of this application. The above are only preferred implementation methods of this application. It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of textual expression and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements, modifications or changes without departing from the principles of this application, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the concept and technical solution of the invention to other occasions without improvement, should be regarded as the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A rapid decompression and recharging system for pressure-bearing layers used for tunnel rescue, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pumping well (1), a recharging well (2) and a support mechanism (3), wherein the pumping well (1) is arranged near a leakage point (5) of a shield tunnel (4), and a pressure relief zone is formed by pumping water from a confined aquifer (6) through the pumping well (1), so as to reduce the water pressure near the leakage point (5) of the shield tunnel (4), and a plurality of recharging wells (2) are arranged around the pressure relief zone, and a recharging operation is performed on the confined aquifer (6) through the recharging wells (2), so as to reduce the water pressure near the leakage point (5) of the shield tunnel (4). The decompression zone is maintained within a set range. The support mechanism (3) comprises an outer casing (7), an inner casing (8) and an air bag (9). The inner casing (8) is fixed at the center of the outer casing (7). The outer casing (7) can be placed in the pumping well (1). An air chamber is formed between the outer casing (7) and the inner casing (8). The air bag (9) is wrapped around the outer side wall of the outer casing (7) and can be communicated with the air chamber. The air bag (9) is used to support the side wall of the pumping well (1).

2. A rapid decompression and recharging system for pressure-bearing layers used for tunnel rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support mechanism (3) further comprises an upper end cover (10), a lower end cover (11), a buoy (12), a sliding sealing disk (13) and a valve device. The centers of the upper end cover (10) and the lower end cover (11) are both provided with through holes communicating with the inner casing (8). The tops of the inner casing (8) and the outer casing (7) are both fixedly connected to the upper end cover (10). The bottoms of the inner casing (8) and the outer casing (7) are both fixedly connected to the lower end cover (11). The lower end cover (11) is also provided with a liquid inlet (15) communicating with the hollow chamber. The buoy (12) is slidingly arranged at the bottom of the buoy (12). Installed in the hollow chamber, the sliding sealing disk (13) is sleeved on the inner casing (8) and fixedly connected to the top of the float (12), the outer ring of the sliding sealing disk (13) is slidingly sealed with the inner wall of the outer casing (7), the inner ring of the sliding sealing disk (13) is slidingly sealed with the outer wall of the inner casing (8), the valve device is fixed at a position close to the top of the outer casing (7), the valve device connects the hollow chamber and the airbag (9), and the float (12) is used to push the sliding sealing disk (13) to move upward and open the valve device.

3. A rapid decompression and recharging system for pressure-bearing layers used for tunnel rescue according to claim 2, characterized in that: The valve device comprises a sealing ring plate (16), a valve stem (17), a push plate (18), a door plate (19) and a bolt (20); the outer casing (7) is provided with a valve (21); the door plate (19) is slidably mounted in the valve (21) for closing the valve (21); the bolt (20) is fixed to the bottom of the valve (21); the inner ring of the sealing ring plate (16) is fixedly and hermetically connected to the inner casing (8); the outer ring of the sealing ring plate (16) is fixedly and hermetically connected to the outer casing (7); the sealing ring plate (16) divides the air chamber into upper and lower parts; the valve ( The valve stem (17) is vertically slidably mounted on the sealing ring plate (16), the top of the valve stem (17) is in contact with the bolt (20), the lower end of the valve stem (17) is provided with a through groove (22), the length of the through groove (22) is greater than the thickness of the sealing ring plate (16), the push plate (18) is fixed to the bottom of the valve stem (17), and the sliding sealing disk (13) can push the push plate (18) and the valve stem (17) to move upward until the through groove (22) at the lower end of the valve stem (17) is connected to the hollow chamber on the upper and lower sides of the sealing ring plate (16).

4. A rapid decompression and recharging system for pressure-bearing layers used for tunnel rescue according to claim 3, characterized in that: A clamping ring (23) is fixed on the top of the door bolt (20), and a clamping spring (24) is fixed between the clamping ring (23) and the upper end cover (10). The clamping spring (24) is used to push the door bolt (20) and the door plate (19) downward to close the valve (21).

5. A rapid decompression and recharging system for pressure-bearing layers used for tunnel rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pumping well (1) is arranged within 10m to 20m of the leakage point (5), a first filter screen (25) is arranged at a location of the pressure-bearing aquifer (6) in the pumping well (1) near the leakage point (5), and a second filter screen (26) is arranged at a location of the pressure-bearing aquifer (6) in the recharging well (2).

6. A rapid decompression and recharging system for pressure-bearing layers used for tunnel rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recharging wells (2) are arranged in a ring with the center of the pressure reduction zone as a circle or are arranged according to the location of the protected building (27).

7. A method for rapid decompression and recharging of pressure-bearing layers for tunnel rescue, characterized in that: The rapid decompression and recharging system for pressure-bearing layers used for tunnel rescue according to any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprises the following steps: S1. When leakage occurs in a shield tunnel (4) in a soft soil area, determine the mapping position of the leakage point (5) of the shield tunnel (4) on the ground surface, and determine the positions of a pumping well (1) and a recharging well (2), wherein the pumping well (1) is located near the leakage point (5), and the recharging well (2) is located on a ring with the center of the decompression zone as the center, or is arranged according to the distribution of the protected buildings (27); S2, constructing a well and lowering the support mechanism (3) to a position in the pumping well (1) close to the leakage point (5); S3. After the construction of the pumping well (1) and the reinjection well (2) is completed, work is started according to the designed pumping volume and reinjection volume to reduce the water pressure near the leakage point (5) of the shield tunnel (4).

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