Reverse construction method of silo

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and discloses a silo top-down construction method which comprises the following steps that S1, modular silo wall units are prefabricated on the ground, the modular silo wall units are arc-shaped wall plates, and self-locking connecting pieces are embedded in the modular silo wall units; s2, a prefabricated first-layer modular silo wall unit is hoisted to the top position through a top suspension system; s3, a self-adaptive hydraulic supporting system is installed; s4, subsequent modular silo wall units are installed layer by layer, the self-adaptive hydraulic supporting system descends synchronously when each layer is installed, and stress, displacement and environmental parameters in the construction process are monitored, regulated and controlled in real time through the intelligent monitoring platform; and S5, when the modular silo wall units are installed to the bottom, the modular silo wall units are connected with the embedded foundation, and construction of the silo is completed. By means of the modular wall units and the top suspension system, the silo is constructed in a segmented mode from top to bottom, advantages are achieved in the space-limited environment, and the requirement for large scaffolds and temporary supports can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and in particular to a reverse construction method of a silo. Background Art

[0002] Silos are widely used in agriculture and industry as structures for storing grain, coal or other bulk materials. At present, the main construction methods of silos include jumpform and slipform technology. Jumpform construction is suitable for small and medium-sized silos by pouring concrete in sections, and the construction period is generally 20-30 days; slipform construction adopts continuous pouring method, which is suitable for large silos with a diameter greater than 10 meters. The construction speed is faster and usually takes 15-25 days to complete. In addition, steel silos are often built layer by layer from the foundation upwards using plate assembly or spiral rolling technology. These methods are based on the construction sequence from the bottom up, combined with formwork, support system and lifting equipment to achieve the formation of silos.

[0003] However, the existing technology of construction sequence from bottom to top has limitations under certain conditions, especially in space-constrained environments, such as densely populated urban areas or high-altitude work sites. The traditional method requires the construction of large-scale scaffolding and temporary supports. For example, in the construction of a silo with a diameter of 10 meters and a height of 30 meters, the scaffolding can cover an area of ​​more than 200 square meters and requires additional reinforcement to cope with high-altitude wind loads. This not only increases the amount of materials used (support materials account for about 20%-30% of the total cost), but also prolongs the construction preparation time. In addition, in areas with complex terrain or narrow sites, the layout of lifting equipment and support systems is restricted, making construction more difficult or even impossible to implement. Therefore, the existing technology is insufficient in spatial adaptability and is difficult to meet the construction needs in special environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a reverse construction method for a silo, which solves the adaptability problem of the traditional bottom-up construction sequence in a space-constrained environment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A reverse construction method of a silo, comprising the following steps: S1. Prefabricate modular silo wall units on the ground, wherein the modular silo wall units are arc-shaped wall panels with embedded self-locking connectors; S2. Use the top suspension system to hoist the prefabricated first-floor modular silo wall unit to the top position; S3, installing an adaptive hydraulic support system, wherein the adaptive hydraulic support system includes multiple groups of hydraulic support rods, and the hydraulic support rods are equipped with pressure sensors and angle adjusters; S4. Install the subsequent modular silo wall units layer by layer. Each time a layer is installed, the adaptive hydraulic support system is synchronously lowered, and the stress, displacement and environmental parameters during the construction process are monitored and regulated in real time through the intelligent monitoring platform; S5. When the modular silo wall unit is installed to the bottom, it is connected to the embedded foundation to complete the construction of the silo.

[0006] Preferably, the modular silo wall unit is made of concrete or steel, and the self-locking connector is a mortise and tenon structure or a magnetic lock.

[0007] Preferably, the top suspension system comprises a crane and a guide rail for lowering the modular silo wall units layer by layer.

[0008] Preferably, the hydraulic support rods of the adaptive hydraulic support system can automatically extend and retract according to the construction depth, with an extension and retraction accuracy of ±5mm.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring platform is integrated with an Internet of Things sensor, a cloud processor and a control terminal, and the Internet of Things sensor includes a stress gauge, a displacement gauge and a thermometer and hygrometer.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring platform analyzes the collected data through an AI algorithm, outputs adjustment suggestions, and implements real-time operation through a remote control module.

[0011] Preferably, the modular silo wall units are connected by high-strength sealant or welding to ensure air tightness and structural strength.

[0012] Preferably, a reverse construction system for a silo comprises: Modular silo wall units, wherein the modular silo wall units are prefabricated curved wall panels with embedded self-locking connectors; A top suspension system for installing the modular silo wall units layer by layer starting from the top; An adaptive hydraulic support system, comprising a plurality of hydraulic support rods equipped with pressure sensors and angle adjusters for dynamically adjusting support height and angle during construction; The intelligent monitoring platform is used to monitor stress, displacement and environmental parameters during the construction process in real time, and optimize construction parameters through AI algorithms.

[0013] Preferably, the adaptive hydraulic support system can be automatically adjusted with the progress of construction, and the telescopic accuracy of the support rod is ±5mm.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring platform includes an Internet of Things sensor network, a cloud processor and a control terminal, and is capable of remote monitoring and regulation.

[0015] The present invention provides a reverse construction method for a silo, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses modular wall units and a top suspension system to build silos in sections from the top down, which is different from the traditional construction sequence from the bottom up. This method has advantages in space-constrained environments (such as densely populated urban areas or high-altitude work sites) and can reduce the need for large scaffolding and temporary supports. For example, in the construction of a silo with a diameter of 10 meters and a height of 30 meters, this method only requires a temporary platform on the top, and the amount of support materials used is reduced by about 50% compared with the traditional method, and the high-altitude operation time is shortened by about 30%, which is suitable for scenes where traditional methods are difficult to implement.

[0016] 2. The present invention uses an intelligent monitoring platform to collect stress, displacement and environmental parameters through IoT sensors, and adjusts construction parameters based on algorithms. Compared with traditional construction that relies on manual monitoring, this system can control the stress monitoring error within ±2mm. For example, when the stress of a certain layer of module reaches 25MPa, the system automatically adjusts the hydraulic support pressure, and the construction accuracy is about 2 times higher than that of traditional methods. In addition, real-time data analysis can reduce the risk of structural instability, especially in environments with complex geology or large wind loads, and the stability is improved by about 40%.

[0017] 3. The present invention adopts an adaptive hydraulic support system to adjust the support height and angle according to the construction progress to ensure the stability of the silo wall during the sinking process. Compared with the traditional fixed support solution, this system performs better in soft soil foundation construction. For example, in the construction of a silo with a diameter of 15 meters, the support rod telescopic accuracy reaches ±5mm, the verticality deviation is controlled within 0.3 degrees, and the offset is reduced by about 60%. This dynamic adjustment capability is suitable for different silo sizes and geological conditions, reducing the need for additional reinforcement measures.

[0018] 4. The present invention reduces the construction time on site by prefabricating modular wall units on the ground and installing them layer by layer. For example, a silo with a diameter of 8 meters and a height of 20 meters would take 25 days to construct using traditional slipforms, while this method only takes 15 days, which is about 40% shorter. In addition, modular wall panels can be adjusted in size and material (such as concrete or steel) according to the silo design, making them suitable for small grain silos or large industrial silos, and the flexibility of the construction process is better than that of traditional methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a reverse construction method for a silo. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a reverse construction method of a silo, comprising the following steps: S1. Prefabricate modular silo wall units on the ground. The modular silo wall units are arc-shaped wall panels with embedded self-locking connectors; S2. Use the top suspension system to hoist the prefabricated first-floor modular silo wall unit to the top position; S3, installing an adaptive hydraulic support system, the adaptive hydraulic support system includes multiple sets of hydraulic support rods, and the hydraulic support rods are equipped with pressure sensors and angle adjusters; S4. Install the subsequent modular silo wall units layer by layer. Each time a layer is installed, the adaptive hydraulic support system is lowered synchronously, and the stress, displacement and environmental parameters during the construction process are monitored and controlled in real time through the intelligent monitoring platform; S5. When the modular silo wall unit is installed to the bottom, it is connected to the embedded foundation to complete the construction of the silo.

[0022] Specifically, in step S1, when prefabricating modular silo wall units, concrete with strength grade C40 or Q235 steel is selected, and the curvature radius of each curved wall panel is calculated according to the diameter of the silo. For example, when the diameter is 10 meters, the curvature radius is 5 meters, the wall panel thickness is 15 centimeters, the length is 3 meters, the width is 2 meters, and the weight is controlled within 2 tons for lifting; the self-locking connector adopts a stainless steel mortise and tenon structure, the tenon length is 10 centimeters, and the mortise depth is 12 centimeters to ensure that the connection strength is above 20MPa; in step S2, the top suspension system uses a crawler crane with a lifting capacity of 50 tons and a boom length of 40 meters. The guide rail is a steel H-beam with a cross-sectional size of 300mm×300mm, and the rail length covers the silo height plus a margin of 5 meters; in step S3, the adaptive hydraulic support system is arranged There are 4 groups of support rods, each group consists of 3 hydraulic rods with a diameter of 10 cm, with a total bearing capacity of 150 tons. The pressure sensor model is PT124B-210, with a range of 0-50MPa. The angle adjuster is driven by a servo motor with an adjustment range of 0-30 degrees. In step S4, when each layer of modules is installed, the descent speed is controlled at 0.5 m / min. The intelligent monitoring platform transmits data through the 5G network, the monitoring frequency is 10 times per second, the stress upper limit is set to 25 MPa, the displacement tolerance is ±2 mm, and the ambient temperature is controlled at -10°C to 40°C. In step S5, the foundation is made of reinforced concrete with a thickness of 1 meter, the embedded steel plate size is 50cm×50cm, the welding adopts a double-sided full welding process, the weld length is not less than 20 cm, and the sealant is silicone weather-resistant glue with a coating thickness of 2 mm.

[0023] Modular silo wall units are made of concrete or steel, and the self-locking connections are mortise and tenon structures or magnetic locks.

[0024] Specifically, the concrete ratio of the modular silo wall unit is cement: sand: gravel: water = 1:1.5:2.5:0.4, with 5% nanofiber reinforcement to improve crack resistance. A vibrating rod is used during pouring. Each wall panel is cured for 7 days and its strength reaches 80% of the design value. The steel wall panel uses 8mm thick Q235 steel plate, and the surface is sprayed with epoxy anti-corrosion coating with a coating thickness of 0.2mm, and the corrosion resistance life is up to 20 years. The tenon processing accuracy of the mortise and tenon structure is ±0.1mm, and the magnetic lock uses permanent magnetic material with a suction force of 500N and an installation spacing of 30cm, ensuring that the shear strength of the modules after connection reaches 15MPa. In order to adapt to different climatic conditions, an insulation layer can be added to the surface of the wall panel with a thickness of 5cm. The material is polyurethane foam material with a thermal conductivity of 0.03W / (m·K).

[0025] The top suspension system includes a crane and guide rails to lower the modular silo wall units layer by layer.

[0026] Specifically, the crane uses a national standard 50-ton crawler crane with a travel speed of 1.5km / h. It is equipped with a windproof rope with a diameter of 20mm and a tensile strength of 200kN during hoisting. The guide track consists of 4 H-beams, each 35 meters long and weighs 1.2 tons. The track spacing is 2 meters and is fixed to the temporary platform with M20 bolts with a bolt torque of 300N·m. During the hoisting process, the modular wall panels are connected by steel cables with a diameter of 16mm and a length of 50 meters. They are equipped with safety hooks and each hook has a load-bearing capacity of 5 tons. To ensure accuracy, the crane is equipped with a laser rangefinder with a measuring range of 0-100 meters, an accuracy of ±1mm, and a hoisting height error controlled within ±5cm.

[0027] The hydraulic support rods of the adaptive hydraulic support system can automatically extend and retract according to the construction depth, with an extension and retraction accuracy of ±5mm.

[0028] Specifically, the hydraulic support rod adopts a double-acting cylinder with an oil pressure range of 10-30MPa and a telescopic stroke of 2 meters. A rubber buffer pad with a thickness of 5cm and a shock absorption coefficient of 0.8 is installed at the bottom of each support rod; the pressure sensor sampling frequency is 100Hz, and the data is transmitted to the control unit via a Bluetooth module with a transmission distance of 50 meters; the servo motor power of the angle adjuster is 1.5kW and the speed is 3000 rpm, and the reducer is used to achieve a fine-tuning speed of 0.1 degrees / second; to adapt to different silo diameters, the support rod spacing is adjustable in the range of 1-3 meters. A hydraulic jack is used for adjustment with a lifting force of 20 tons to ensure that the verticality error of the silo wall is less than 0.5 degrees during construction.

[0029] The intelligent monitoring platform integrates IoT sensors, cloud processors and control terminals. IoT sensors include stress gauges, displacement gauges and thermometers and hygrometers.

[0030] Specifically, the density of IoT sensors is 2 per square meter, the stress meter range is 0-30MPa, and the accuracy is ±0.5%; the displacement meter uses a laser displacement sensor with a measurement range of 0-50mm and an accuracy of ±0.01mm; the operating temperature of the thermometer and hygrometer is -20℃ to 60℃, the humidity measurement range is 0-100%RH, and the accuracy is ±2%; the cloud processor uses an industrial-grade server with an 8-core CPU, 32GB of memory, and a storage capacity of 1TB. It runs AI analysis software with a processing speed of 1000 times / second; the control terminal is a 10-inch touch screen with a resolution of 1920×1080, supports multi-touch, has a protection level of IP65, and has a built-in backup battery with a battery life of 8 hours.

[0031] The intelligent monitoring platform analyzes the collected data through AI algorithms, outputs adjustment suggestions, and realizes real-time operation through the remote control module.

[0032] Specifically, the AI ​​algorithm is based on a deep learning model. The training data set includes 1,000 sets of silo construction cases, covering stress, displacement and environmental parameters, and the model prediction accuracy reaches 95%. Adjustment suggestions include increase or decrease of support rod pressure (such as ±5MPa), descent speed adjustment (such as 0.3-0.7 meters / minute) and construction pause instructions; the remote control module supports Wi-Fi and 4G dual-mode communication, with a transmission rate of 100Mbps and a control delay of less than 0.5 seconds; to improve reliability, the system is equipped with dual backup power supplies with a rated power of 2kW and a switching time of less than 1 second; the operation interface provides real-time curve graphs and alarm functions, and the alarm threshold can be customized, for example, the stress over-limit alarm is set to 28MPa.

[0033] Modular silo wall units are connected by high-strength sealants or welding to ensure airtightness and structural strength.

[0034] Specifically, the tensile strength of the high-strength sealant is 8MPa, and the bonding force is 1.5MPa. It is applied through automatic spraying equipment when in use. The nozzle diameter is 2mm, the spraying pressure is 0.3MPa, the amount per square meter is 0.5kg, and the curing time is 24 hours; the welding process adopts argon arc welding, the welding wire diameter is 2.4mm, the current is 200A, the welding speed is 0.2m / min, the weld height is 5mm, and ultrasonic testing is carried out after welding, with a pass rate of 100%; to ensure airtightness, the inner wall of the silo is coated with a waterproof coating with a thickness of 0.3mm, the material is polyurethane, and the pressure resistance test reaches 0.1MPa; after the connection is completed, the module gap is less than 1mm, and the overall structure has the ability to resist wind pressure up to 1.2kPa.

[0035] A top-down construction system for a silo, comprising: Modular silo wall units are prefabricated curved wall panels with built-in self-locking connectors; Top suspension system for installing modular silo wall units layer by layer starting from the top; Adaptive hydraulic support system, including multiple sets of hydraulic support rods, which are equipped with pressure sensors and angle adjusters to dynamically adjust the support height and angle during construction; The intelligent monitoring platform is used to monitor stress, displacement and environmental parameters during the construction process in real time, and optimize construction parameters through AI algorithms.

[0036] Specifically, the curved wall panels of the modular silo wall unit weigh 1.8 tons, have a surface roughness of Ra3.2, and a processing accuracy of ±0.2mm; the top suspension system is equipped with an anti-sway device, and the swing amplitude is controlled within ±3 degrees. The crane hook is 360-degree rotating, and the load-bearing safety factor is 1.5; the support rod surface of the adaptive hydraulic support system is galvanized with a thickness of 0.1mm and a corrosion resistance level of C3. Each set of support rods is equipped with an independent oil pump with a flow rate of 20L / min; the sensor network coverage area of ​​the intelligent monitoring platform is 100 square meters, the data collection cycle is 0.1 seconds, the AI ​​algorithm processing time is 0.2 seconds / time, the total system power consumption is 500W, and the operating temperature range is -15℃ to 50℃.

[0037] The adaptive hydraulic support system can automatically adjust with the progress of construction, and the telescopic accuracy of the support rod is ±5mm.

[0038] Specifically, the cylinder of the adaptive hydraulic support system is made of No. 45 steel, with a surface hardness of HRC50, a telescopic speed of 0.1-0.5 m / min, a tank capacity of 100L, and the hydraulic oil model is HM46; a spherical universal joint is installed on the top of the support rod with a rotation angle of ±15 degrees, and a steel base at the bottom with dimensions of 30cm×30cm and a thickness of 2cm; during automatic adjustment, the system is optimized through the PID control algorithm, with a response time of less than 0.5 seconds and an adjustment accuracy of ±3mm; to adapt to the high-cold environment, antifreeze is added to the hydraulic oil, and the freezing point is lower than -30°C to ensure smooth low-temperature construction.

[0039] The intelligent monitoring platform includes an IoT sensor network, a cloud processor and a control terminal, enabling remote monitoring and regulation.

[0040] Specifically, the IoT sensor network consists of 50 nodes with a node spacing of 1.5 meters. The communication protocol is ZigBee, the transmission distance is 80 meters, and the power consumption is 0.5W / node. The cloud processor runs the Linux system and supports multi-threaded processing. It can analyze 5,000 sets of data per second and store data for 30 days. The control terminal is equipped with a GPS module with a positioning accuracy of ±2 meters. It supports voice input and gesture operation, the screen brightness is 800cd / m², and the seismic resistance level is IK08. Remote monitoring is transmitted through an encrypted channel using the AES-256 algorithm. The data packet loss rate is less than 0.1%, and the system operation stability reaches 99.9%.

[0041] The following is an introduction in combination with different embodiments: Example 1: Top-down construction of a small concrete grain silo Application scenario: Suitable for rural grain storage, the silo has a diameter of 6 meters, a height of 15 meters, and a capacity of approximately 400 cubic meters. Specific implementation method:

[0043] S1. Prefabricated modular silo wall unit: C30 concrete prefabricated curved wall panels, each wall panel is 2 meters (width) × 3 meters (height) × 0.12 meters (thickness), and weighs about 1.5 tons. The ratio is cement: sand: gravel: water = 1:1.8:3:0.45, 3% nanofiber reinforcement is added, and it is vibrated and cured for 5 days. The wall panel is embedded with mortise and tenon structure self-locking connectors, the tenon is 8 cm long and the mortise groove is 10 cm deep.

[0044] S2. Hoisting the first floor module: Use a 25-ton crawler crane with a 30-meter boom and a guide rail (H-shaped steel, cross-section 200mm×200mm, length 20 meters). The first floor consists of 6 wall panels, which are hoisted to the top by steel cables (diameter 12mm), and the height error is controlled within ±3cm.

[0045] S3. Install the adaptive hydraulic support system: Arrange 3 groups of hydraulic support rods, 2 rods in each group (8 cm in diameter, 30 tons in load-bearing capacity), pressure sensor range 0-40 MPa, angle adjuster adjustment range 0-20 degrees. The support rods are fixed on a temporary steel platform (6.5 m in diameter, 2 cm thick).

[0046] S4, install the module layer by layer: 5 layers in total, each layer descends 3 meters, and the speed is 0.4 meters / minute. The intelligent monitoring platform uses 10 strain gauges (1 per square meter), with a monitoring stress upper limit of 20MPa, a displacement tolerance of ±1.5mm, and a temperature range of 0-35℃. Data is transmitted to an 8-core cloud server via 4G, and AI analysis processes 500 sets of data per second.

[0047] S5. Foundation connection: The foundation is C25 concrete, 0.8 meters thick, with embedded steel plates (40cm×40cm) welded, the weld length is 15 cm, and it is sealed with silicone sealant (1.5mm thick).

[0048] Result: The construction period was 10 days, the total cost was about RMB 250,000, the silo's wind pressure resistance reached 1kPa, and the air tightness test passed.

[0049] Example 2: Top-down construction of medium-sized steel industrial silos Application scenario: Suitable for industrial coal storage, the silo has a diameter of 12 meters, a height of 30 meters, and a capacity of approximately 3,000 cubic meters. Specific implementation method:

[0051] S1. Prefabricated modular silo wall unit: Q235 steel plate (10mm thick) is used, each wall panel is 3 meters (width) × 5 meters (height) and weighs 2.2 tons. The surface is sprayed with epoxy anti-corrosion layer (0.25mm thick), and magnetic locks are embedded (suction force 600N, spacing 25cm). The wall panels are cut in the factory with an accuracy of ±0.1mm.

[0052] S2. Hoisting the first floor module: A 50-ton crawler crane with a 45-meter boom and an H-shaped steel guide rail (300mm×300mm cross-section and 35 meters long) is used. The eight wall panels on the first floor are hoisted by steel cables (16mm in diameter) and the height error is controlled by a laser rangefinder of ±2cm.

[0053] S3. Install the adaptive hydraulic support system: arrange 4 groups of hydraulic support rods, 3 in each group (10 cm in diameter, 50 tons load-bearing), oil pressure 20 MPa, telescopic stroke 2.5 meters. Pressure sensor model PT124B-210, angle adjuster speed 0.2 degrees / second, support rod spacing 2 meters.

[0054] S4. Install modules layer by layer: 6 layers in total, 5 meters down each layer, speed 0.5 meters / minute. The intelligent monitoring platform is equipped with 20 sensors (10 stress gauges, 5 displacement gauges, 5 thermometers and hygrometers), with a stress upper limit of 25MPa, a displacement tolerance of ±2mm, and an ambient temperature of -5℃ to 40℃. The cloud processor (16GB memory) transmits data via 5G, and the AI ​​prediction accuracy reaches 96%.

[0055] S5. Foundation connection: The foundation is C35 concrete, 1.2 meters thick, the embedded steel plate (50cm×50cm) is welded by argon arc welding (current 220A), the weld height is 6mm, and a polyurethane waterproof layer (0.3mm thick) is applied.

[0056] Result: The construction period is 18 days, the total cost is about 800,000 yuan, the corrosion resistance life of the silo is 20 years, and the compressive strength reaches 1.5MPa.

[0057] Example 3: Top-down construction of a large concrete silo (urban environment) Application scenario: Suitable for urban grain storage, the silo has a diameter of 20 meters, a height of 50 meters, and a capacity of approximately 15,000 cubic meters. Specific implementation method:

[0059] S1. Prefabricated modular silo wall unit: C40 concrete is used, the wall panel size is 4 meters (width) × 5 meters (height) × 0.2 meters (thickness), and the weight is 4 tons. The ratio is cement: sand: gravel: water = 1:1.5:2.5:0.4, and 5% silica fume reinforcement is added. Curing for 10 days. Embedded mortise and tenon joints (tenon length 12 cm), and polyurethane insulation layer (6 cm thick) is added on the surface.

[0060] S2. Hoisting of the first floor modules: A 100-ton crawler crane with a 60-meter boom and an H-shaped steel guide rail (400mm×400mm cross-section and 55 meters long) was used. Ten panels on the first floor were hoisted with a 20mm diameter steel cable and a windproof rope (with a tensile strength of 300kN).

[0061] S3. Install the adaptive hydraulic support system: Arrange 6 groups of hydraulic support rods, 4 in each group (12 cm in diameter, 80 tons in load), oil pressure 30 MPa, telescopic accuracy ±3 mm. Pressure sensor range 0-50 MPa, angle adjuster power 2 kW, support rods fixed on a steel platform with a diameter of 21 meters.

[0062] S4, install the module layer by layer: 10 layers in total, 5 meters down each layer, speed 0.6 meters / minute. The intelligent monitoring platform uses 40 sensors (20 stress gauges, 10 displacement gauges, 10 thermometers and hygrometers), with a stress upper limit of 30MPa, a displacement tolerance of ±2.5mm, and a temperature range of -10℃ to 45℃. The cloud server (32GB memory) has a processing speed of 1000 times / second and an AI alarm threshold of 28MPa.

[0063] S5. Foundation connection: The foundation is C40 concrete, 1.5 meters thick, with embedded steel plates (60cm×60cm) welded on both sides, a weld length of 25 cm, coated with silicone sealant (2mm thick) and a waterproof layer (0.4mm thick).

[0064] Results: The construction period was 28 days, the total cost was about 2 million yuan, the silo's seismic resistance level reached 8, and the air tightness reached 0.12MPa.

[0065] Example 4: Reverse construction of steel silo by combining demolition and construction Application scenario: Suitable for the renovation of old steel silos, with a diameter of 8 meters, a height of 20 meters, and a capacity of approximately 1,000 cubic meters. Specific implementation method:

[0067] S1. Prefabricated modular silo wall unit: Q345 steel plate (12mm thick) is used, the wall size is 2.5 meters (width) × 4 meters (height), and the weight is 2.5 tons. The surface is sprayed with an anti-corrosion layer (0.3mm thick), and a magnetic lock is embedded (suction force 800N, spacing 20cm).

[0068] S2. Hoisting of the first floor modules: Use a 40-ton crane with a 35-meter boom and a guide rail (H-shaped steel, cross-section 250mm×250mm, length 25 meters). Hoist the 6 wall panels on the first floor, using the top of the old silo as a temporary support.

[0069] S3. Install the adaptive hydraulic support system: Arrange 3 groups of hydraulic support rods, 3 rods in each group (9 cm in diameter, 40 tons in load), cut the old silo wall into sections (4 meters each) and then support the new wall panel synchronously. The oil pressure is 15MPa and the extension speed is 0.3m / min.

[0070] S4, install the modules layer by layer: 5 layers in total, each layer descends 4 meters, and the speed is 0.45 meters / minute. The intelligent monitoring platform uses 15 sensors (8 stress gauges, 4 displacement gauges, and 3 thermometers and hygrometers), with a stress upper limit of 22MPa and a displacement tolerance of ±1.8mm. The old wall panels are cut using a plasma cutting machine (power 10kW).

[0071] S5. Foundation connection: The foundation is C30 concrete, 1 meter thick, with embedded steel plates welded (weld length 20 cm), and coated with a waterproof layer (0.25 mm thick).

[0072] Results: The construction period was 15 days, the total cost was about 500,000 yuan, the strength of the new silo was increased by 30%, and the recycling rate of old materials reached 60%.

[0073] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A reverse construction method for a silo, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Prefabricate modular silo wall units on the ground, wherein the modular silo wall units are arc-shaped wall panels with embedded self-locking connectors; S2. Use the top suspension system to hoist the prefabricated first-floor modular silo wall unit to the top position; S3, installing an adaptive hydraulic support system, wherein the adaptive hydraulic support system includes multiple groups of hydraulic support rods, and the hydraulic support rods are equipped with pressure sensors and angle adjusters; S4. Install the subsequent modular silo wall units layer by layer. Each time a layer is installed, the adaptive hydraulic support system is synchronously lowered, and the stress, displacement and environmental parameters during the construction process are monitored and regulated in real time through the intelligent monitoring platform; S5. When the modular silo wall unit is installed to the bottom, it is connected to the embedded foundation to complete the construction of the silo.

2. The reverse construction method of the silo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular silo wall unit is made of concrete or steel, and the self-locking connector is a mortise and tenon structure or a magnetic lock.

3. The reverse construction method of the silo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top suspension system includes a crane and a guide rail for lowering the modular silo wall units layer by layer.

4. The reverse construction method of the silo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic support rods of the adaptive hydraulic support system can automatically extend and retract according to the construction depth, with an extension and retraction accuracy of ±5mm.

5. The reverse construction method of silo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring platform integrates an Internet of Things sensor, a cloud processor and a control terminal, and the Internet of Things sensor includes a stress gauge, a displacement gauge and a thermometer and humidity gauge.

6. The reverse construction method of the silo according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring platform analyzes the collected data through AI algorithms, outputs adjustment suggestions, and implements real-time operations through a remote control module.

7. The reverse construction method of silo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular silo wall units are connected by high-strength sealant or welding to ensure air tightness and structural strength.

8. A reverse construction system for a silo, characterized in that: The reverse construction method for the silo according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: Modular silo wall units, wherein the modular silo wall units are prefabricated curved wall panels with embedded self-locking connectors; A top suspension system for installing the modular silo wall units layer by layer starting from the top; An adaptive hydraulic support system, comprising a plurality of hydraulic support rods equipped with pressure sensors and angle adjusters for dynamically adjusting support height and angle during construction; The intelligent monitoring platform is used to monitor stress, displacement and environmental parameters during the construction process in real time, and optimize construction parameters through AI algorithms.

9. The top-down construction system for silos according to claim 8, characterized in that: The self-adaptive hydraulic support system can be automatically adjusted with the progress of construction, and the telescopic accuracy of the support rod is ±5mm.

10. The top-down construction system for silos according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring platform includes an Internet of Things sensor network, a cloud processor and a control terminal, and can perform remote monitoring and regulation.

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