Marine environment monitoring device and marine environment monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a marine environment monitoring device and a marine environment monitoring method.The marine environment monitoring device comprises a buoy system, a subsurface buoy and a seabed base platform, an elastic cable used for counteracting wave fluctuation is connected between the buoy system and the subsurface buoy, and a photoelectric composite cable in a tightened state is connected between the subsurface buoy and the seabed base platform; the buoy system comprises a power generation device, the seabed base platform comprises an environment observation sensor, and the power generation device is sequentially connected with an elastic cable, a subsurface buoy, a photoelectric composite cable and the environment observation sensor to supply power to the subsurface buoy and the environment observation sensor. The environment observation sensor can upload collected environment measurement data to the buoy system through the photoelectric composite cable, the subsurface buoy and the elastic cable, and the marine environment monitoring device adopts segmented force isolation, is high in reliability, reduces the construction cost and is short in construction period; the marine environment monitoring method using the marine environment monitoring device can adapt to a severe marine environment and is suitable for long-term, continuous and real-time single-point observation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application is applied to the field of marine environment monitoring technology, and in particular relates to a marine environment monitoring device and a marine environment monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] Methane hydrate is recognized as the new green energy source that is most likely to replace conventional energy sources such as coal and oil. However, the mining of methane hydrate has certain risks, and ecological control must be taken into consideration during mining. Therefore, the entire mining process must be observed in situ, fully studied, and its ecological and environmental effects must be evaluated in real time. The seabed in situ observation system includes a seabed fixed in situ observation system, which is divided into seabed observation stations and seabed observation networks. Among them, some seabed observation stations need to download data after recovery and replace the battery before putting it back on the seabed, resulting in the observation data being not very timely; other seabed observation stations are limited by their own electricity and real-time communication difficulties, and must rely on deep-sea transportation vehicles such as underwater submersibles to replenish their depleted energy and collect collected information; the seabed observation network transmits electricity to each observation point and collects information through a fiber-optic power network, thereby conducting long-term automated observations, but the construction period for laying the cable network is long and the cost is high. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a marine environment monitoring device and a marine environment monitoring method, wherein the marine environment monitoring device is suitable for harsh marine environments and has low manufacturing costs, and the marine environment monitoring method using the marine environment monitoring device can perform long-term and continuous monitoring.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problem is:

[0005] A marine environment monitoring device comprises a buoy system, a submerged buoy and a seabed-based platform, wherein an elastic cable for offsetting wave fluctuations is connected between the buoy system and the submerged buoy, and an optoelectronic composite cable in a stretched state is connected between the submerged buoy and the seabed-based platform, the buoy system comprises a power generation device, and the seabed-based platform comprises an environment observation sensor, the power generation device is sequentially connected to the elastic cable, the submerged buoy, the optoelectronic composite cable and the environment observation sensor to supply power to the submerged buoy and the environment observation sensor, and the environment observation sensor can upload the collected environmental measurement data to the buoy system through the optoelectronic composite cable, the submerged buoy and the elastic cable.

[0006] Preferably, the buoy system includes a battery pack, the power generation device is connected to the battery pack to store the generated direct current in the battery pack, the output end of the battery pack is connected to a DC / DC boost converter, and the power generation device includes a photovoltaic power generation module or a wind-solar complementary power generation module.

[0007] Preferably, the seabed-based platform includes a seabed observation terminal platform, and the seabed observation terminal platform is provided with a step-down circuit for connecting the environmental observation sensor, and the electric energy stored in the battery pack is supplied to the environmental observation sensor after passing through the DC / DC boost converter and the step-down circuit.

[0008] Preferably, a first fixing component is provided at the bottom of the buoy system, a second fixing component is provided at the top of the submerged buoy, the top end of the elastic cable is connected to the buoy system via the first fixing component, and the bottom end of the elastic cable is connected to the submerged buoy via the second fixing component.

[0009] Preferably, a first anchoring device is provided at the bottom end of the optoelectronic composite cable, and the first anchoring device is fixedly connected to the top end of the seabed-based platform; a second anchoring device is provided at the top end of the optoelectronic composite cable, and the second anchoring device is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the buoy.

[0010] Preferably, the length of the elastic cable is 45 to 55 meters, and the length of the optoelectronic composite cable is the water depth minus the length of the elastic cable.

[0011] Preferably, the buoy system comprises a steel buoy or a polyurea elastomer buoy, and the submerged buoy is a steel submerged buoy or a polyurea elastomer submerged buoy.

[0012] Preferably, the optoelectronic composite cable is a rigid armored cable or a flexible Kevlar zero-buoyancy cable.

[0013] Preferably, the buoy system is provided with a wireless transmission device, and the wireless transmission device includes a satellite communication transmission device or a microwave communication transmission device.

[0014] The present application also provides a marine environment monitoring method using any of the marine environment monitoring devices described above. Since the marine environment monitoring device has been described in detail above, it will not be repeated here. The marine environment monitoring method using the marine environment monitoring device includes the following steps:

[0015] S1: The submerged buoy is placed at a water depth where the seawater flow rate is relatively slow, and the seabed-based platform processes and summarizes the ambient measurement data, and converts the data information from electrical signals to optical signals through electro-optical conversion;

[0016] S2: uploading the data information to the submerged buoy via the photoelectric composite cable in the form of optical signal transmission;

[0017] S3: The latent marker converts the collected optical signal into an electrical signal;

[0018] S4: the elastic cable transmits the electrical signal to the buoy system;

[0019] S5: The buoy system transmits the electrical signal to the data center.

[0020] One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: the buoy system of the marine environment monitoring device can serve as an energy supply terminal and information collection platform for the entire marine environment monitoring device, the tail of the buoy system is connected to an elastic cable, the lower end of the elastic cable is connected to the upper end of the submerged buoy, the lower end of the submerged buoy is connected to the upper end of the optoelectronic composite cable, the submerged buoy can provide sufficient buoyancy to keep the optoelectronic composite cable in a taut state in the seawater, the lower end of the optoelectronic composite cable is connected to the seabed-based platform, that is, the optoelectronic composite cable is in a vertical state under the action of buoyancy, which provides a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the optical fiber unit in the optoelectronic composite cable, the elastic cable between the submerged buoy and the buoy system can transmit electrical signals and electrical energy, and because the elastic cable is retractable, the elastic cable is not easily disturbed by repeated changes in the marine dynamic environment, and during the operation of the marine environment monitoring device, the observation data collected by the observation sensor is summarized by the seabed-based platform and converted into electro-optical light. The observation data are transmitted to the buoy through the photoelectric composite cable in the form of optical signal transmission. In the buoy, the observation data information is converted into electrical signals again through photoelectric conversion and transmitted to the buoy system through the elastic cable to realize the transmission of the observation signal. At the same time, the power generation device of the buoy system supplies power to the buoy and the observation sensor through the elastic cable and the photoelectric composite cable to ensure the long-term operation of the system. The buoy is the force separation point between the top and bottom of the marine environment monitoring device. The buoy system is connected with the elastic cable, so that the marine environment monitoring device can better adapt to the harsh marine environment. The marine environment monitoring device is no longer restricted by the endurance and is suitable for long-term, continuous, real-time single-point observation. The marine environment monitoring device uses the structure of elastic cables and photoelectric composite cables, adopts segmented force isolation, has strong reliability, reduces construction costs, and has a short construction period. The marine environment monitoring method using the marine environment monitoring device is more adaptable to harsh marine environments and is suitable for long-term, continuous, real-time single-point observation.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a front view of a seabed-based platform in one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a top view of a seabed-based platform in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present application. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present application, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] In the present application, if there is a description of directions (up, down, left, right, front and back), it is only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present application, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0028] In this application, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" and the like are understood to exclude the number itself; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the number itself. In the description of this application, if there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise clearly defined, the words "set", "install", "connect" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; they can be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; they can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, or able to communicate with each other; they can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in this application in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0030] in, Figure 1 The reference direction coordinate system of the embodiment of the present application is given. Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application is described with reference to the direction shown.

[0031] The embodiment of the present application provides a marine environment monitoring device, see Figure 1, including a buoy system 100, a submerged buoy 200 and a seabed-based platform 300, an elastic cable 400 for offsetting wave fluctuations is connected between the buoy system 100 and the submerged buoy 200, an optoelectronic composite cable 500 in a stretched state is connected between the submerged buoy 200 and the seabed-based platform 300, the buoy system 100 includes a power generation device, and the seabed-based platform 300 includes an environmental observation sensor, and the power generation device is sequentially connected to the elastic cable 400, the submerged buoy 200, the optoelectronic composite cable 500 and the environmental observation sensor to provide power to the submerged buoy 200 and the environment observation sensor are powered, and the environment observation sensor can upload the collected environmental measurement data to the buoy system 100 through the optoelectronic composite cable 500, the submerged buoy 200 and the elastic cable 400. The buoy system 100 of the marine environment monitoring device can serve as an energy supply terminal and information collection platform for the entire marine environment monitoring device. The tail of the buoy system 100 is connected to the elastic cable 400, the lower end of the elastic cable 400 is connected to the upper end of the submerged buoy 200, and the lower end of the submerged buoy 200 is connected to the optoelectronic composite cable 500. The upper end of the submerged buoy 200 is connected, and the submerged buoy 200 can provide sufficient buoyancy to keep the optoelectronic composite cable 500 in a taut state in the seawater. The lower end of the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is connected to the seabed-based platform 300, that is, the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is in a vertical state under the action of buoyancy, which provides a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the optical fiber unit in the optoelectronic composite cable 500. The elastic cable 400 between the submerged buoy 200 and the buoy system 100 can transmit electrical signals and electrical energy, and because the elastic cable 400 is retractable, the elastic cable 400 is not easily disturbed by repeated changes in the marine dynamic environment and can adapt to ocean waves. During the operation of the marine environment monitoring device, the observation data collected by the observation sensor is summarized by the seabed-based platform 300, and then subjected to electro-optical conversion and uploaded to the submerged buoy 200 in the form of optical signal transmission through the optoelectronic composite cable 500. In the submerged buoy 200, these observation data information are again photoelectrically converted into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the buoy system 100 through the elastic cable 400 to realize the transmission of observation signals;At the same time, the power generation device of the buoy system 100 supplies power to the submerged buoy 200 and the observation sensor through the elastic cable 400 and the photoelectric composite cable 500 to ensure the long-term operation of the system. The submerged buoy 200 is the separation point between the top and bottom of the marine environment monitoring device. The elastic cable 400 is used to connect the buoy system 100, so that the marine environment monitoring device can better adapt to the harsh marine environment. The marine environment monitoring device is no longer restricted by the endurance and is suitable for long-term, continuous, real-time single-point observation. The marine environment monitoring device uses the elastic cable 400 and the photoelectric composite cable 500. The structure adopts segmented force isolation, that is, the submerged buoy 200 realizes the separation of the upper and lower forces, straightens the optoelectronic composite cable 500, and limits the horizontal movement of the buoy system 100 through the elastic cable 400, so as to realize the adaptive three-dimensional monitoring of ocean waves and the long-term real-time monitoring of the changes in the ocean environment. It does not require the existing submarine observation station to replace batteries and recycle them to realize monitoring and other operations. It has strong reliability, reduces construction costs, and has a short construction period. It is not inferior to the submarine observation network in terms of monitoring capabilities in a single key sea area, and can adapt to harsh marine environments and is suitable for long-term, continuous, and real-time single-point observation. ;

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the buoy system 100 includes a battery pack, a power generation device is connected to the battery pack to store the generated direct current in the battery pack, the output end of the battery pack is connected to a DC / DC boost converter, the power generation device includes a photovoltaic power generation module or a wind-solar complementary power generation module, preferably, the battery pack is connected to a controller, and the direct current is supplied to various devices on the system (environmental observation sensors and buoys 200, etc.) through the controller to provide energy for the entire marine environment monitoring device, so that the marine environment monitoring device is no longer affected by the endurance and can work for a long time and continuously. Specifically, the photovoltaic power generation and wind-solar complementary power generation methods can ensure stable and sufficient electric energy. For the electric energy transmitted from the buoy system 100 to the seabed-based platform 300, in order to reduce the transmission loss, it is necessary to use a DC / DC boost converter to perform DC / DC boost on the output power end of the buoy system 100.

[0033] Preferably, the seabed-based platform 300 includes a seabed observation terminal platform, on which a step-down circuit for connecting an environmental observation sensor is provided, that is, the seabed observation terminal platform is used to carry the environmental observation sensor, and the observation data collected by the observation sensor is summarized by the seabed-based platform 300, and then, after electro-optical conversion, is uploaded to the submerged buoy 200 in the form of optical signal transmission through the optoelectronic composite cable 500, in which the observation data information is again photoelectrically converted into an electrical signal, and is transmitted to the buoy system 100 through the elastic cable 400, and the electric energy stored in the battery pack is converted into an electrical signal through the DC / DC boost converter and the step-down circuit. Supplying environmental observation sensors, in other words, after using a DC / DC boost converter to perform DC / DC boost on the output power end of the buoy system 100 and transmitting it to the seabed-based platform 300, the voltage needs to be stepped down by a step-down circuit at multiple levels. It can be understood that there are multiple environmental observation sensors. In order to be suitable for information observation in different marine environments, the standard voltage levels of each environmental observation sensor are different. After the step-down circuit steps down the voltage, it is converted into multiple standard voltage levels such as 48V / 24V / 12V, and is supplied to each environmental observation sensor after being connected and controlled to obtain multiple sets of observation data in the marine environment.

[0034] It can be understood that the submerged buoy 200 is provided with a photoelectric conversion module, and the seabed-based platform 300 is provided with an electro-optical conversion module. The electro-optical conversion module in the seabed-based platform 300 can electro-optically convert the observation data processed and summarized by the seabed-based platform 300 (the observation data processed and summarized by the seabed-based platform 300 is an electrical signal, and the electro-optical conversion module in the seabed-based platform 300 converts the electrical signal collected by the environmental observation sensor into an optical signal) so as to facilitate uploading via the optoelectronic composite cable 500 in an optical signal transmission manner. After the optical signal is transmitted to the submerged buoy 200, the optoelectronic conversion module in the submerged buoy 200 performs optoelectronic conversion (converting the optical signal converted by the electro-optical conversion module in the seabed-based platform 300 into an electrical signal), and the obtained electrical signal is transmitted to the buoy system 100 via the elastic cable 400, and then transmitted to the buoy system 100 via the buoy system 10 0 is transmitted to the shore-based data center through satellite or microwave and other wireless transmission equipment, wherein the photoelectric conversion module in the buoy 200 can convert the optical signal into an electrical signal by utilizing the photoelectric effect. Commonly used photoelectric effect conversion devices include photoresistors, photomultipliers, photocells, etc. This process is that photons transfer energy to electrons and cause them to move to form an electric current. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion module in the buoy 200 can convert the optical signal in the photoelectric composite cable 500 into an electrical signal; the electro-optical conversion module in the seabed-based platform 300 can utilize the movement and energy of electrons to generate photons, thereby realizing the conversion of electrical energy into light energy. In other words, the electro-optical conversion module in the seabed-based platform 300 can convert electrical energy into thermal energy, and then convert thermal energy into light energy to realize energy transfer. The electro-optical conversion module in the bed base 300 includes a laser transmitter, etc.

[0035] See also Figure 1 A first fixing component 110 is provided at the bottom of the buoy system 100, and a second fixing component 210 is provided at the top of the submerged buoy 200. The top end of the elastic cable 400 is connected to the buoy system 100 through the first fixing component 110, and the bottom end of the elastic cable 400 is connected to the submerged buoy 200 through the second fixing component 210. In other words, the tail of the buoy system 100 is connected to the upper end of the elastic cable 400 through the first fixing component 110, and the lower section of the elastic cable 400 is connected to the upper end of the submerged buoy 200 through the second fixing component 210. It can be understood that the first fixing component 110 and the second fixing component 210 are both for fixing the elastic cable 400. The first fixing component 110 and the second fixing component 210 include wire rope fixing components, hardware fixings, clamps, hooks, etc. Among them, the wire rope fixing method is to fix the wire rope in an overhead position. Then, use cable ties or other fixing materials to firmly tie the optical cable on it, ensuring the stability of the elastic cable 400 and preventing shaking; the hardware fixing method is to use hardware and fixing screws to fix the elastic cable 400 at a predetermined position. Appropriate hardware and screws need to be selected to ensure the firmness of the elastic cable 400; the clamp fixing method is simple and efficient. It uses a clamp to firmly fix the elastic cable 400 in an overhead position, which not only ensures stability but also reduces bending and tension, thereby improving the transmission effect; the elastic cable 400 hook fixing method is suitable for longer optical cables. The hook is installed in the overhead position in advance, and then the elastic cable 400 is easily hung up, which reduces bending and tension and ensures the transmission effect and life; the clamp fixing method is suitable for thicker elastic cables 400. A clamp is installed on the elastic cable 400 and fixed in an overhead position to effectively protect the elastic cable 400 from damage by the external environment.

[0036] In certain embodiments, see Figure 1A first anchoring device 510 is provided at the bottom end of the optoelectronic composite cable 500, and the first anchoring device 510 is fixedly connected to the top end of the seabed-based platform 300. A second anchoring device 520 is provided at the top end of the optoelectronic composite cable 500, and the second anchoring device 520 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the buoy 200, so that the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is firmly connected, and the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is in a stretched state under the buoyancy of the buoy 200. The optoelectronic composite cable 500 is an optoelectronic composite dynamic cable, and the optoelectronic composite dynamic cable has a plurality of optical fiber units, which are kept stretched straight, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the optical fiber units in the optoelectronic composite dynamic cable. The first anchoring device 510 and the second anchoring device 520 both include but are not limited to structures such as fastening clamps, anchor boxes, bolted anchors or suspension cables. Specifically, the fastening clamp is a clamp that is used to firmly fix the optoelectronic composite cable on the supporting structure. The clamp is usually made of metal and can be fixed by bolts or other fasteners. The anchor box is usually used for applications that require greater tension and stability. The anchor box is usually made of a metal box, and is equipped with tensioning devices, fixing bolts and other components inside to ensure the stable anchoring of the optoelectronic composite cable 500; bolt-type anchoring uses bolts and nuts to fix the optoelectronic composite cable 500 to the supporting structure. Bolt-type anchoring usually has high adjustability and reliability, and is suitable for various application scenarios; suspension cable is a method that uses ropes or steel cables as anchoring devices. The optoelectronic composite cable 500 is suspended on the supporting structure through the suspension cable to reduce the stress on the cable and provide stable support.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the length of the elastic cable 400 is 45 to 55 meters. Preferably, in the present application, the length of the elastic cable 400 is 50 meters, and the length of the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is the water depth minus the length of the elastic cable 400. It can be understood that the length of the elastic cable is adjusted according to the water depth, so that the marine environment monitoring device adopts a segmented combination scheme, using a submerged buoy 200 with large buoyancy, placed at a water depth of 50 meters where the seawater flow rate is relatively gentle, and the submerged buoy 200 and the buoy system 100 are connected with an elastic cable 400 to offset the wave fluctuations. This has the advantage of isolating the cable system at a great depth by segmented force. For the cable below the submerged buoy 200, the tension brought by the submerged buoy 200 ensures that the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is in a straight state in working state, and the movement state of the submerged buoy 200 is relatively stable, which provides a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the optical fiber unit in the optoelectronic composite cable 500; on the other hand, for the submerged buoy The cable from the optical fiber cable 200 to the buoy system 100 uses an elastic cable 400. The elastic cable 400 is retractable. Since both signals and electrical energy are transmitted using electrical units, its performance is not easily disturbed by repeated changes in the ocean dynamic environment. The second advantage is that there is no need to install distributed buoyancy components on the entire cable length for dynamic cable type adjustment. For a long and heavy optoelectronic composite cable, only one shallow water buoy 200 is needed to hold it. It can be understood that it is necessary to select a suitable buoy 200 according to the length and weight of the optoelectronic composite cable 500 to ensure that the buoy 200 can straighten the optoelectronic composite cable 500. Specifically, the optoelectronic composite cable 500 needs to remain in a straight state because the optoelectronic composite cable 500 contains optical fibers and cables, which have very high requirements for transmitted signals. Keeping the optoelectronic composite cable in a straight state can reduce signal loss and interference, ensure transmission quality and stability, and the straightening can evenly distribute the tension on the optoelectronic composite cable. Proper tension distribution can reduce stress concentration and prevent the optical fiber or cable from bending, stretching or being damaged during stress. During use, straightening it helps protect the optoelectronic composite cable 500 from external forces, facilitates the installation and fixing of the cable, improves construction efficiency and ensures the stability and reliability of the optoelectronic composite cable.

[0038] In the present application, "gently" refers to an area where the seabed slope is not large and is relatively flat. During the use of the marine environment monitoring device, it can be placed away from seamounts.

[0039] Preferably, the buoy system 100 includes a steel buoy or a polyurea elastomer buoy, and the submerged buoy 200 is a steel submerged buoy or a polyurea elastomer submerged buoy. The shape of the submerged buoy 200 is cylindrical, spherical or equilateral polygonal column. Figure 1In the shown embodiment, the shape of the buoy 200 is an equilateral polygonal column, wherein the steel buoy / steel submerged buoy has higher strength and corrosion resistance, and therefore has a longer service life, and the steel buoy / steel submerged buoy also has good carrying capacity, can withstand greater pressure and weight, and is suitable for more application scenarios, but the steel buoy / steel submerged buoy has a high manufacturing cost and a large weight, and is not easy to carry and install; while the polyurea elastomer buoy / polyurea elastomer submerged buoy has the characteristics of impact resistance, corrosion resistance, light weight, strong carrying capacity, long maintenance-free time, safety and reliability, and the polyurea elastomer buoy / polyurea elastomer submerged buoy adopts a combination mode, which is divided into a light frame, a float and a microstructure, which is easy to assemble, transport and replace. In actual use, a steel or polyurea elastomer buoy or submerged buoy can be selected according to the actual construction conditions.

[0040] Preferably, the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is a rigid armored cable or a flexible Kevlar zero-buoyancy cable, wherein the rigid armored cable can protect the integrity of the cable structure and the electrical performance, and improve the service life of the cable. It is very necessary to add an armor layer to the outer sheath of the cable. There are usually two types of armor layers of the cable, steel belt armor and steel wire armor. Under the buoyancy of the buoy 200, the optoelectronic composite cable 500 remains taut. Since the buoy 200 is located at a water depth where the seawater flow rate is relatively slow, the buoy 200 is basically motionless, and the optoelectronic composite cable 500 remains basically motionless. The purpose of adding an armor layer to the cable is not only to transmit electrical energy and optical signals, but also to enhance mechanical protection such as tensile strength and compressive strength to extend the service life. The rigid armored cable has a certain resistance to external forces. Since the optoelectronic composite cable 500 is located in the seawater, there will be marine organisms in the seawater that will gnaw on the cable, and the rigid armored cable can also prevent Animal bites will not cause power transmission problems through the armor. The bending radius of the armor should be large, and the armor layer can be grounded, which can effectively protect the cable; another flexible Kevlar zero buoyancy cable can be used in various complex underwater environments, with high flexibility - multiple strands of finely twisted oxygen-free copper wire as conductors to ensure the softness of the line body, bending resistance - zero buoyancy cable optimizes the cable pitch, its special structural design and careful material selection, suitable for high-frequency bending occasions will not break the core, anti-electronic interference - the cable is tinned copper wire braided as a whole, with a shielding density of more than 85%, effectively shielding external high-frequency electromagnetic interference, tensile resistance - the cable uses flexible wrapping materials, non-woven fabrics to wrap the line body and anti-drawing filling, the cable is effectively buffered when bending back and forth, wear-resistant, oil-resistant, and slows down aging - special flexible polyether polyurethane sheath, can be used in water for a long time, the sheath does not deform or break, can withstand water pressure, waterproof, acid and alkali resistant, radiation-proof, corrosion-resistant and other advantages. It can be understood that the marine environment monitoring device in this application can choose to use rigid armored cable or flexible Kevlar zero buoyancy cable according to the actual construction situation.

[0041] See also Figure 1The buoy system 100 is provided with a wireless transmission device 120, which includes a satellite communication transmission device or a microwave communication transmission device. The buoy system 100 realizes the energy supply terminal of the whole system and the sea surface comprehensive information forwarding platform through the power generation device and the wireless transmission device 120. Specifically, the observation data is processed and summarized by the seabed-based platform 300, and then, after photoelectric conversion, it is uploaded to the submerged buoy 200 via the photoelectric composite cable 500 in the form of optical signal transmission. In the submerged buoy 200, photoelectric conversion is performed again to obtain an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the buoy system 100 via the elastic cable 400, and then transmitted to the shore-based data center via the satellite or microwave and other wireless transmission equipment on the buoy system 100. Among them, the satellite communication transmission equipment has the advantages of long communication distance and no interference from both communication points. The advantages of the microwave communication transmission device are that it is not restricted by any complex geographical conditions between the two communication points, is not affected by any natural disasters and man-made events between the two communication points, has high communication quality, high system reliability, the longer the communication distance, the lower the relative cost, and it is easy to realize multi-address transmission. It is very suitable for application in the marine environment. At the same time, satellite communication transmission equipment also has the disadvantages of large transmission delay and unsuitability in some areas. Another type of microwave communication transmission equipment has good disaster resistance and is suitable for the marine environment. Microwave communications are generally not affected by natural disasters such as floods, wind disasters and earthquakes. Microwave communications have a wide bandwidth and large capacity, but microwave communications also have the disadvantage of being easily interfered with. However, the marine environment monitoring device uses microwave communication transmission equipment, which is applied on the sea surface, and there is basically no obstruction and interference from buildings, which is convenient for the linear propagation of microwaves.

[0042] The marine environment monitoring device is equipped with ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler), CTD (Temperature-Salinity-Depth Meter) and methane sensors on the seabed-based platform 300, the buoy 200 and the buoy system 100. It can obtain real-time data such as flow velocity, flow direction, echo intensity, temperature, salinity and methane content in key layers of the entire seawater profile (i.e. from the seabed to the sea surface).

[0043] The so-called key layers are the seabed (where methane begins to leak), the euphotic layer (the area with high methane content in the seawater profile), and the surface seawater (where methane leaves the seawater and enters the atmosphere). Buoy 200 is located at the euphotic layer. Since the euphotic layer is oversaturated with methane, that is, the methane content is relatively high, it has high research value. Therefore, buoy 200 is set at the location of the euphotic layer, and a methane sensor is installed on it, so that long-term in-situ monitoring and research can be carried out.

[0044] Therefore, the marine environment monitoring device can identify the diffusion and migration process of seabed methane leakage in seawater, and determine the vertical impact range and distribution characteristics of methane in seawater. Combined with ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler), it can simultaneously monitor the changes in seawater flow field, and combined with CTD (Temperature, Salinity and Depth Measurement Instrument), it can simultaneously monitor the changes in the physical properties of seawater and calculate and track the horizontal diffusion of seawater methane.

[0045] The present application also provides a marine environment monitoring method using the marine environment monitoring device in the above embodiment, which comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1: Ensure that the submerged buoy 200 is placed at a water depth where the seawater flow rate is relatively slow, and the seabed-based platform 300 processes and summarizes the ambient measurement data, and converts the data information from electrical signals to optical signals through photoelectric conversion;

[0047] The submerged buoy 200 is located at a depth where the water flow rate is stable, so that when the marine environment monitoring device is in operation, the movement state of the submerged buoy 200 is relatively stable, thereby making the optoelectronic composite cable 500 in a stretched and vertical state, to ensure that the optical fiber unit in the optoelectronic composite cable 500 operates stably.

[0048] S2: Upload the data information to the buoy 200 via the optical composite cable 500 in the form of optical signal transmission;

[0049] S3: The buoy 200 converts the collected optical signal into an electrical signal;

[0050] S4: The elastic cable 400 transmits the electrical signal to the buoy system 100;

[0051] S5: The buoy system 100 transmits the electrical signal to the data center.

[0052] The marine environment monitoring device and the marine environment monitoring method of the present application adopt a buoy system 100 plus an elastic cable 400 plus a submerged buoy 200 plus a seabed-based platform 300 plus an optoelectronic composite cable 500 for waterproof observation, which makes up for the shortcomings of the fixed in-situ observation system on the seabed. The power generation device on the buoy system 100 transmits signal power through the elastic cable 400 and the optoelectronic composite cable 500 to power multiple environmental observation sensors on the submerged buoy 200 and the seabed-based platform 300, so as to realize the observation method of in-situ observation of the seabed by the seabed-based platform 300. The observation data is aggregated in the buoy system 100, and the buoy system 100 completes data interaction with the shore-based data center through wireless communication, which not only controls the construction cost of the observation system, but also ensures the uninterrupted real-time transmission of the observation data, and is simple to maintain and highly reliable, and can meet the needs of stereoscopic observation.

[0053] At present, the seabed observation stations in the fixed in-situ seabed observation system use self-contained power supply. However, due to the size of the equipment itself, the number of energy storage batteries that can be placed is limited, and the observation data can only be stored locally. The data needs to be read at long intervals, and the data timeliness is poor. The submarine cable laying and construction cost of the seabed observation network is high and the construction period is long.

[0054] There is also a single buoy seabed-based platform stereoscopic observation system. Since it uses a single cable system as an anchor system, and the single cable system is used for power supply and communication at the same time, the structural requirements for the cable system are extremely high, and the optical fiber used for transmission in the dynamic cable is extremely easy to be damaged.

[0055] The marine environment monitoring device of the present application solves the problems of high construction cost, poor data transmission timeliness and limited energy storage in the above two traditional observation systems; it can also solve the problems of high anchoring (cable) risk and poor survivability of the single buoy seabed platform stereoscopic observation system.

[0056] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "example", "embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0057] Of course, the invention of the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned implementation modes, and technicians familiar with the field may make equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present application. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A marine environment monitoring device, characterized in that: It includes a buoy system, a submerged buoy and a seabed-based platform, wherein an elastic cable for offsetting wave fluctuations is connected between the buoy system and the submerged buoy, and an optoelectronic composite cable in a stretched state is connected between the submerged buoy and the seabed-based platform. The buoy system includes a power generation device, and the seabed-based platform includes an environmental observation sensor. The power generation device is sequentially connected to the elastic cable, the submerged buoy, the optoelectronic composite cable and the environmental observation sensor to supply power to the submerged buoy and the environmental observation sensor, and the environmental observation sensor can upload the collected environmental measurement data to the buoy system through the optoelectronic composite cable, the submerged buoy and the elastic cable.

2. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy system includes a battery pack, the power generation device is connected to the battery pack to store the generated direct current in the battery pack, the output end of the battery pack is connected to a DC / DC boost converter, and the power generation device includes a photovoltaic power generation module or a wind-solar complementary power generation module.

3. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seabed-based platform includes a seabed observation terminal platform, on which a step-down circuit for connecting the environmental observation sensor is provided. The electric energy stored in the battery pack is supplied to the environmental observation sensor through the DC / DC boost converter and the step-down circuit.

4. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first fixing component is provided at the bottom of the buoy system, a second fixing component is provided at the top of the submerged buoy, the top end of the elastic cable is connected to the buoy system via the first fixing component, and the bottom end of the elastic cable is connected to the submerged buoy via the second fixing component.

5. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first anchoring device is provided at the bottom end of the optoelectronic composite cable, and the first anchoring device is fixedly connected to the top end of the seabed-based platform. A second anchoring device is provided at the top end of the optoelectronic composite cable, and the second anchoring device is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the buoy.

6. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the elastic cable is 45 to 55 meters, and the length of the optoelectronic composite cable is the water depth minus the length of the elastic cable.

7. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy system comprises a steel buoy or a polyurea elastomer buoy, and the submerged buoy is a steel submerged buoy or a polyurea elastomer submerged buoy.

8. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optoelectronic composite cable is a rigid armored cable or a flexible Kevlar zero-buoyancy cable.

9. The marine environment monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy system is provided with a wireless transmission device, and the wireless transmission device includes a satellite communication transmission device or a microwave communication transmission device.

10. A method for monitoring a marine environment using the marine environment monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The following steps are involved: The submerged buoy is placed at a water depth where the seawater flow rate is relatively slow. The seabed-based platform processes and summarizes the ambient measurement data and converts the data information from electrical signals to optical signals through photoelectric conversion. Uploading data information to the submerged buoy via the photoelectric composite cable in the form of optical signal transmission; The latent marker converts the collected optical signal into an electrical signal; The elastic cable transmits the electrical signal to the buoy system; The buoy system transmits the electrical signal to a data center.

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