Rapid cooling environmental box for high-speed impact test of foreign matters on railway vehicle parts

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of railway vehicle component high-speed impact object impact experiments, and discloses a railway vehicle component high-speed impact object impact rapid cooling environment box which comprises a box body, one side face of the box body is an impact object incident door, and liquid nitrogen condensation pipes and environment temperature and humidity sensors are laid on the inner walls of the other side faces of the box body. The liquid nitrogen condensation pipe is connected with the self-pressurization liquid nitrogen tank through an external channel, so that conduction and conveying of a cooling medium are realized; the impact object incident door is movably connected with the box body framework, a position-adjustable sliding mechanism is arranged on the impact object incident door, stretchable parts are connected to the left side and the right side of the position-adjustable sliding mechanism, a disposable low-strength sealing heat insulation film is arranged on the position-adjustable sliding mechanism, and an impact object incident port is located in the area of the disposable low-strength sealing heat insulation film; a to-be-tested piece fixing and mounting clamp is arranged on the inner wall of the box; a high-speed camera mounting interface is arranged on the inner wall of the box body, and the rotary supporting seat is arranged at the bottom of the box body. According to the environment box, a preset low-temperature environment can be quickly realized, and multi-angle impact tests can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of foreign body high-speed impact test of rail vehicle components, and in particular relates to a rapid cooling environment box required when foreign bodies impact rail vehicle components at high speed in a low-temperature environment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's rail vehicle technology, various types of train equipment are facing the risk of impact from impact objects such as falling rocks, hail, and ballast, which seriously affects driving safety. Therefore, various components / materials of rail vehicles need to carry out different degrees of high-speed impact tests of foreign objects to ensure the impact resistance of the body structure components. The high-speed impact test of foreign objects on rail vehicle structural components is generally carried out in a laboratory environment (normal temperature), but various types of extreme cold weather emerge in an endless stream in my country, and the body materials undergo a tough-to-brittle transition under low temperature conditions, which greatly reduces the ability of structural components to resist foreign object impact. In particular, trains exported to high-latitude countries such as Northern Europe will face even worse low-temperature environments. Therefore, carrying out high-speed impact tests of foreign objects on rail vehicle structural components under low-temperature conditions is an important part of ensuring the safe operation of trains in extreme low-temperature environments.

[0003] A Chinese patent with publication number CN111157370A discloses a low-temperature collision test environment box for vehicle body parts and a test method thereof, wherein the low-temperature collision test environment box for vehicle body parts includes a test room, a first camera and a second camera, a refrigeration device, and an impact head device. The test room includes an impact valve and a sealing device. The refrigeration device includes a refrigeration compensation system and a refrigeration system. The impact head device includes a punch, a connecting rod, and a sealing sleeve. When the punch punches into the impact valve, two semicircular rings are clamped on the sealing sleeve. However, this patent can only realize an impact test at a single angle, and cannot realize the temperature and humidity balance monitoring of the test piece, which is far from actual needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the above background technology and provide a rapid cooling environmental chamber for the foreign body high-speed impact test of rail vehicle components which can quickly achieve a preset low-temperature environment and meet multi-angle experiments.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution proposed in the present invention is: a rapid cooling environment for a foreign body high-speed impact test of a rail vehicle component, comprising: a box body, including a frame and a sandwich insulation wall surface formed by a high-strength aluminum alloy panel and a thermal insulation material; One side of the box is an impactor entrance door, and the inner walls of the other sides of the box are provided with liquid nitrogen condensing tubes and environmental temperature and humidity sensors. The liquid nitrogen condensing tubes are connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through an external channel to realize the conduction and transportation of the cooling medium; The impact object entrance door is movably connected to the box frame, and the box is sealed when the impact object entrance door is closed; after the impact object entrance door is opened, it is used to place the test piece in the box, and an adjustable position sliding mechanism is provided on the impact object entrance door, and the left and right sides of the adjustable position sliding mechanism are connected with a stretchable part, and a disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is provided on the adjustable position sliding mechanism, and the impact object entrance port is located in the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film area; The inner wall of the box is provided with a fixture for fixing and mounting the test piece and a high-speed camera mounting interface, and a temperature and humidity sensor for the test piece is embedded inside the test piece; The rotating support seat is arranged at the bottom of the box body. The rotating support seat comprises a fixed end and a rotating end. The fixed end is hinged with the rotating end. The rotating end is locked after rotating to a predetermined angle.

[0006] In one embodiment, the rotating support seat further includes a center pin, the fixed end is hinged to the rotating end through the center pin, the rotational freedom of the rotating end is 0° to 75°, and the rotating end is supported by a universal wheel; A bolt fastening device is arranged on the center pin shaft, and the bolt fastening device is used for locking the rotating end; an angle scale is arranged on the center pin shaft.

[0007] In one embodiment, the moving distance of the entrance of the adjustable position sliding mechanism is: L= , where H is the vertical distance from the impact point of the test piece to the incident plane, is the angle of incidence.

[0008] In one embodiment, the disposable low-strength sealing and insulation film is made of a transparent flexible material and is adhered to the incident port by gluing. The thickness of the disposable low-strength sealing and insulation film is 0.1 mm to 2 mm. The material breaking strength of the disposable low-strength sealing and insulation film is not higher than 0.1 MPa, and the elongation does not exceed 10%. The disposable low-strength sealing and insulation film is provided with a cross center mark.

[0009] In one embodiment, a collection harness connector is provided on the inner wall of the box for connecting the ambient temperature and humidity sensor, the strain gauge and the auxiliary test sensor. The outside of the collection harness connector is connected to a temperature and humidity processing unit. The temperature and humidity processing unit is connected to the ambient temperature and humidity sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor of the test piece, and is used to monitor the difference in ambient temperature and humidity inside the box and the temperature and humidity of the test piece. During the cooling process, the maximum temperature difference between the test piece and the ambient environment inside the box is less than 10°C, and the maximum humidity percentage difference is less than 10%.

[0010] In one embodiment, an intelligent liquid nitrogen flow control valve is provided at the outlet of the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank, and the liquid nitrogen flow is adjusted in real time by receiving temperature data from the temperature and humidity processing unit. When the temperature difference between the ambient temperature in the box and the temperature of the test piece is ±1°C and the humidity difference is 2%, it is determined that the temperature and humidity of the sample are consistent with the ambient temperature and humidity.

[0011] In one embodiment, the number of temperature and humidity sensors pre-embedded in the test piece is not less than 4, and they are respectively arranged at different positions of the test piece. If the relative error of the temperature and humidity data monitored at different positions is within 2%, it is determined that the test piece has reached a stable test state.

[0012] In one embodiment, a humidity regulator is provided on the inner wall of the box.

[0013] In one embodiment, the liquid nitrogen condenser tube is a stainless steel tube with a tube diameter of 3 to 6 mm and is distributed in an S shape along the inner wall of the box.

[0014] In one embodiment, the stretchable portion is a corrugated origami structure made of a flexible heat-insulating material.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the rapid cooling environment box for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle parts provided by the present invention is installed at the bottom of the box body through a rotating support seat, and the rotating support seat includes a fixed end and a rotating end, and the fixed end and the rotating end are hinged, and the rotating end is locked after rotating a predetermined angle. An adjustable position sliding mechanism and a scale ruler are provided on the impact object entrance gate, and a stretchable part is connected to the left and right sides of the adjustable position sliding mechanism, so that the adjustable position sliding mechanism can realize horizontal movement in the impact object entrance gate, and the moving distance can be quickly and accurately adjusted according to the incident angle value and the vertical distance of the impact of the test piece, so as to ensure the accuracy of the offset angle impact. The adjustable position sliding mechanism is provided with a disposable low-strength sealing insulation film, which not only realizes the sealing and insulation of the rapid cooling environment box, but also minimizes the energy loss of impacting foreign objects and the secondary damage of fragments to the test piece; the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is provided with a cross center mark, which is convenient for aiming and checking the impact object, the entrance and the entrance point before the test; the impact object entrance is located in the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film area, and the adjustable position sliding mechanism can realize displacement adjustment in the impact object entrance door, so that the position of the impact object entrance is adjustable. By setting the rotating support seat and the impact object entrance door, multi-angle and multi-position impact experiments can be realized, which is more in line with actual needs. The disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is replaced after one experiment, which can ensure the rapid cooling of the interior of the rapid cooling environment box and realize the precise control of the low-temperature environment temperature. The temperature and humidity of the environment in the monitoring box and the temperature and humidity of the test piece are regulated and monitored by the temperature and humidity processing unit, which ensures that the actual temperature of the test piece is consistent with the ambient temperature and improves the test accuracy. In addition, the inner wall of the rapid cooling environmental box (except the impactor entrance door) is laid with liquid nitrogen condenser tubes and environmental temperature and humidity sensors. The liquid nitrogen condenser tubes are connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through the external channel of the rapid cooling environmental box, which can efficiently and conveniently achieve a low-temperature environment. The box body includes a frame and a sandwich insulation wall formed by a high-strength aluminum alloy panel and insulation material, which can better insulate the low-temperature environment and withstand the impact force of the impact test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 The invention is a schematic structural diagram of a rapid cooling environment box for a high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components according to an embodiment.

[0018] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of another state structure of a rapid cooling environment box for a foreign body high-speed impact test of rail vehicle components according to an embodiment.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test piece in one implementation manner.

[0020] Figure numerals: 1: rotating support seat, 11: rotating end, 12: fixed end, 13: universal wheel, 14: bolt fastening device, 15: angle scale; 2: high-speed camera; 3: box body, 31: wall, 32: frame, 33: acquisition harness connector; 4: high-speed camera observation hole, 41: protective glass cover; 5: lighting equipment; 6: liquid nitrogen condenser, 61: liquid nitrogen condenser main connector (external channel); 7: impact object entrance door, 71: adjustable position sliding mechanism, 711: stretchable part; 72: ambient temperature and humidity sensor, 73: inclined high-speed camera installation hole, 74: disposable low-strength sealing and thermal insulation film; 8: fixed installation fixture for the test piece; 9: test piece, 91: temperature and humidity sensor of the test piece, 92: acquisition harness; 10: humidity regulator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively and meticulously below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all professional terms used below have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0024] Example: like Figure 1 to Figure 3As shown, a rapid cooling environment box for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components in one embodiment includes: a rotating support seat 1 and a box body 3. The rotating support seat 1 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 3, and the rotating support seat 1 includes a fixed end 12 and a rotating end 11, the fixed end 12 is fixed to the ground, the fixed end 12 is hinged with the rotating end 11, and the rotational freedom of the rotating end 11 is 0° to 75°. When in use, after determining the incident angle required by the test piece, the rotating end 11 is rotated to a predetermined angle and then locked. The box body 3 includes a skeleton 32 and an interlayer formed by a high-strength aluminum alloy layer and a thermal insulation material. Among them, one side of the box body 3 is an impactor entrance door 7, and the inner wall surface 31 of the other side of the box body 3 is paved with a liquid nitrogen condenser 6 and an environmental temperature and humidity sensor 72, and the environmental temperature and humidity sensor 72 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity in the box body 3. The liquid nitrogen condenser 6 is connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through an external channel 61 to realize the conduction and transportation of the cooling medium. The impactor entrance door 7 is movably connected to the frame of the box body 3, and the box body 3 is sealed when the impactor entrance door 7 is closed; a fixture for fixing the test piece 9 is provided in the box body 3, which is used to install the test piece 9; after the impactor entrance door 7 is opened, it is used to place the test piece 9 in the box body 3, and an adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 is provided on the impactor entrance door 7, and a ruler is provided to determine the distance that the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 moves left and right. A high-speed camera installation interface is installed on the inner wall of the box body 3, and there can be multiple installation interfaces. A temperature and humidity sensor 91 for the test piece is embedded inside the test piece 9, which is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the test piece 9 body. The temperature and humidity sensor 91 for the test piece is connected to the collection harness connector 33 through the collection harness 92.

[0025] The high-speed impact rapid cooling environmental box for rail vehicle parts provided by the present invention is installed at the bottom of the box body 3 through a rotating support seat 1. The rotating support seat 1 includes a fixed end 12 and a rotating end 11. The fixed end 12 is fixed to the ground. The fixed end 12 is hinged with the rotating end 11. The rotational freedom of the rotating end 11 is 0° to 75°. The rotating end 11 is locked after rotating a predetermined angle. An adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 is provided on the impact object entrance door 7. The left and right sides of the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 are connected with a stretchable part 711, so that the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 can achieve displacement adjustment at the impact object entrance door 7. A disposable low-strength sealing and heat-insulating film 74 is provided on the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71. The impact object entrance port 75 is located in the area of ​​the disposable low-strength sealing and heat-insulating film 74. Since the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 can achieve displacement adjustment at the impact object entrance door 7, the position of the impact object entrance port 75 is adjustable. By monitoring the corresponding temperature through the environmental temperature and humidity sensor 72 on the inner wall of the box body 3 and the temperature and humidity sensor 91 of the test piece in the body of the test piece 9, the temperature and humidity difference between the two can be monitored in a controllable range during the cooling process to prevent the temperature difference inside the test piece 9 from being too large due to the cooling rate being too fast, resulting in local deformation or even failure and damage, so that the true impact resistance of the test piece cannot be obtained. Therefore, the rapid cooling environment box provided by the present invention can better obtain the true results of the high-speed impact test of the test piece 9 at different incident angles by monitoring the temperature and humidity of the test piece 9 and the box body 3 and controlling the temperature and humidity difference between the two.

[0026] Specifically, in one embodiment, the box 3 is generally in the shape of a cuboid (cube), with a beam-type material as the skeleton 32 and sheet metal as the surface skin, which is made by welding / riveting process, and the main material is aluminum alloy or carbon steel and other metal materials to ensure the load-bearing and impact resistance of the box 3 structure. Preferably, in order to meet the requirements of thermal insulation, the wall of the box 3 is a sandwich insulation of high-strength aluminum alloy (carbon steel) and thermal insulation material. It not only meets the structural strength requirements of the box 3, but also can achieve the thermal insulation effect required by the test environment.

[0027] Specifically, in one embodiment, the fixed end 12 of the rotating support seat 1 is hinged to the rotating end 11 through a center pin, and the rotating end 11 is supported by a universal wheel 13 to ensure its rotational freedom around the center pin. A bolt fastening device 14 is provided on the center pin of the rotating support seat 1, and the bolt fastening device 14 is used to lock the rotating end 11 to ensure that the rotating end 11 of the rotating support seat 1 cannot rotate around the center pin in the locked state. An angle scale 15 is provided on the center pin of the rotating support seat 1. The angle scale 15 can quickly and accurately determine the rotation angle. When in use, unlock the center pin bolt fastening device 14 and the universal wheel 13 of the rotating support seat, then adjust the incident angle, and finally lock the universal wheel 13 and the center pin bolt fastening device 14 to ensure that the incident angle is fixed until the angle impact test is completed. Preferably, the rotating support seat 1 is welded with aluminum alloy (carbon steel) beam-type profiles.

[0028] Preferably, in one embodiment, the stretchable portion 711 is a corrugated origami structure made of a flexible heat-insulating material. A disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74 is provided on the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71, and the impact object entrance port 75 is located in the area where the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74 is located. Preferably, the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 slides from the center point of the incident wall surface to the edge of the stretchable portion 711, thereby ensuring the position requirement of the entrance port when the incident angle is off. In order to meet the impact position requirements under different incident angles, specifically, the entrance port movement distance is: L= , where H is the shortest vertical distance from the impact point of the test piece to the incident plane, is the angle of incidence.

[0029] Preferably, the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74 is made of flexible material and is bonded to the entrance by gluing. The thickness of the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74 is 0.1mm to 2mm, the breaking strength of the film material is not higher than 0.1MPa, and the elongation is not more than 10%. Under the above conditions, it can ensure that the test piece 9 can smoothly penetrate the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74, and can also ensure the insulation requirements of the cooling environment in the box 3 and the outside world, and allow the incident impact object to quickly pass through the impact object entrance port 75 without causing speed attenuation and running posture changes. The disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74 not only realizes the sealing and heat preservation of the environmental box, but also minimizes the energy loss of the incident impact object and the secondary damage of the fragments to the test piece 9; preferably, the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74 is provided with a cross center mark, which is convenient for the aiming and verification of the incident impact object, the entrance port and the incident point before the test, and assists the aiming and alignment of the impact point position of the test piece 9 and the impact foreign body before the incident. Preferably, an oblique high-speed camera mounting hole 73 is provided on the inner wall surface of the impact object entrance door 7, and a laminated tempered glass protective cover is installed at the lens position.

[0030] By using the rotating support seat 1 and the impact object entry door 7, impact tests at multiple angles and multiple positions can be realized. The disposable low-strength sealing insulation film 74 is replaced after one experiment. The device can realize impact tests at multiple angles and multiple positions under the same working conditions, which is more in line with actual needs. In addition, low-temperature rapid cooling The inner wall surface 31 of the environmental box (except for the impactor entrance door) is paved with liquid nitrogen condenser tubes 6 and environmental temperature and humidity sensors 72. The liquid nitrogen condenser tubes 6 are connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through an external channel 61, which can efficiently realize the low-temperature environment setting. The box 3 includes a skeleton 32 and an interlayer formed by a high-strength aluminum alloy layer and a thermal insulation material, which can better perform low-temperature environment insulation and withstand the impact force of the impact test. A humidity regulator 10 is provided on the inner wall of the box 3 to control the humidity inside the box 3. A collection harness connector 33 is provided on the inner wall of the box 3 to connect the environmental temperature and humidity sensor 72, a strain gauge and an auxiliary test sensor (sensors are set according to different requirements, such as an acceleration sensor, etc.). The collection harness connector 33 is externally connected to a temperature and humidity processing unit, which is connected to the environmental temperature and humidity sensor 72 and the temperature and humidity sensor 91 of the test piece to be tested, and is used to monitor the difference between the environmental temperature and humidity in the box 3 and the temperature and humidity of the test piece 9. During the cooling process, since it takes a certain amount of time for the ambient temperature in the box 3 to be transmitted to the test piece 9, the temperatures of both are detected at the same time, and the maximum temperature difference between the test piece 9 and the environment in the box 3 is controlled to be less than 10°C, and the maximum humidity percentage difference is less than 10%, so as to prevent the ambient temperature from cooling too fast, causing local deformation or failure of the test piece, which affects the accuracy of the experiment. Preferably, when the maximum temperature difference between the test piece 9 and the environment in the box 3 is 1°C, and the humidity percentage difference is 2%, it is determined that the temperature and humidity of the test piece 9 are consistent with the ambient temperature and humidity, that is, the preset temperature and humidity conditions are met. During the temperature control process, the temperature priority of the test piece 9 in the control logic is higher than the ambient temperature in the box 3 to ensure that the temperature of the test piece 9 meets the standard. Preferably, when the area of ​​the test piece 9 is large or the shape is complex, the number of the test piece temperature and humidity sensors 91 is not less than 4, which are respectively set at different positions of the test piece 9. The relative error of the monitoring data at different monitoring positions is within 2%, which can determine that the test piece 9 has reached a stable test state.

[0031] Specifically, in one embodiment, the impactor entrance door 7 is a fully openable structure, and the impactor entrance door 7 is connected to the frame 32 of the box body 3 via a hinge. To facilitate the installation / removal of the sample 9 inside the box body 3, a swing arm door lock is used to facilitate opening and closing.

[0032] Specifically, in one embodiment, a liquid nitrogen condenser tube 6 and an ambient temperature and humidity sensor 72 are laid on the inner wall surface 31 of the other side of the box body 3, and the liquid nitrogen condenser tube 6 is connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through an external channel 61 to realize the conduction and transportation of the cooling medium. Preferably, the liquid nitrogen condenser tube 6 is connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through an external channel 61 and automatically adjusts the liquid nitrogen flow rate in real time with temperature changes to control the temperature in the box. Preferably, the liquid nitrogen condenser tube 6 is a stainless steel tube with a diameter of 3 to 6 mm, distributed in an S shape along each inner wall surface and finally converged at the external channel 61 and connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank. Preferably, the layout of the liquid nitrogen condenser tube 6 on each wall surface is optimized by heat-flow coupling analysis technology, and the maximum cooling rate can reach 20°C / min, which can greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency and rate of the liquid nitrogen condenser tube 6, reduce the use of liquid nitrogen, and reduce the test cost. Preferably, the medium outlet of the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank is equipped with an intelligent liquid nitrogen flow control valve, which automatically adjusts the liquid nitrogen flow in real time by accessing the data of the ambient temperature and humidity sensor 72 of the box body 3, so as to reduce the temperature in the box body 3 and stabilize the control, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5°C.

[0033] Before the environment in the box 3 reaches the preset stable test temperature and humidity (cooling stage), the intelligent liquid nitrogen flow control valve and humidity regulator 10 are connected through the temperature and humidity processing unit for regulation. The maximum temperature difference between the test piece 9 and the environment in the box 3 is less than 10°C, and the maximum humidity percentage difference is less than 10%, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the experimental results. Using liquid nitrogen as a cooling medium can not only greatly improve the test cooling efficiency, but also significantly reduce the test cost, and thus better adapt to the low-temperature safety protection test of rail vehicle components. Preferably, a non-circulating cooling method is used to conduct the external liquid nitrogen into the box through a pipeline for heat exchange and then flow out. The minimum ambient temperature can reach 150°C, which can not only fully meet the extreme low temperature environment requirements of rail vehicle components, but also greatly reduce the test cost.

[0034] Specifically, in one embodiment, a dedicated lighting device is provided in the box 3, and multiple walls of the box 3, such as the incident wall, side wall, and back wall, are prefabricated with dedicated installation interfaces for high-speed cameras, and a laminated tempered glass protective cover is installed at the lens position to meet the observation requirements of the test process. The rapid cooling environment box is provided with flexible closed wire slots to facilitate the passage of various sensor data acquisition transmission lines.

[0035] When conducting a high-speed impact test on rail vehicle components under a low-temperature environment, the box 3 is fixed on the impacted side of the high-speed impact test system through the rotating support seat 1, 3 to 5 meters away from the launch tube port, and the impacted rail vehicle component is clamped at the installation position of the test piece in the box 3; data acquisition sensors, such as strain gauges, displacement meters, etc., are arranged on the impacted component, and the acquisition line is connected to the data acquisition system through a flexible closed line slot, the impact object entrance door 7 is closed and locked, the adjustable position sliding mechanism 71 is adjusted to align the launch tube with the position of the component to be impacted, the impact angle is adjusted by rotating the support seat 1 and the universal wheel 13 is locked; a high-speed camera lens is installed on the wall of the box 3 and connected to the acquisition system, the lighting equipment in the box 3 is turned on and the acquisition frame and parameters are adjusted; the liquid nitrogen condenser 6 of the box 3 is connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through a delivery pipe, the ambient temperature in the box is set, the liquid nitrogen flow intelligent control valve is turned on, and the liquid nitrogen flow is controlled in real time by temperature until the preset temperature is reached and the temperature is maintained basically consistent throughout the test process.

Claims

1. A rapid cooling environment box for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components, characterized in that: include: The box body comprises a frame and a sandwich insulation wall formed by a high-strength aluminum alloy panel and insulation materials; One side of the box is an impactor entrance door, and the inner walls of the other sides of the box are provided with liquid nitrogen condensing tubes and environmental temperature and humidity sensors. The liquid nitrogen condensing tubes are connected to the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank through an external channel to realize the conduction and transportation of the cooling medium; The impact object entrance door is movably connected to the box frame, and the box is sealed when the impact object entrance door is closed; after the impact object entrance door is opened, it is used to place the test piece in the box, and an adjustable position sliding mechanism is provided on the impact object entrance door, and the left and right sides of the adjustable position sliding mechanism are connected with a stretchable part, and a disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is provided on the adjustable position sliding mechanism, and the impact object entrance port is located in the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film area; The inner wall of the box is provided with a fixture for fixing and mounting the test piece and a high-speed camera mounting interface, and a temperature and humidity sensor for the test piece is embedded inside the test piece; The rotating support seat is arranged at the bottom of the box body. The rotating support seat comprises a fixed end and a rotating end. The fixed end is hinged with the rotating end. The rotating end is locked after rotating to a predetermined angle.

2. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating support seat also includes a center pin shaft, the fixed end is hinged to the rotating end through the center pin shaft, the rotational freedom of the rotating end is 0° to 75°, and the rotating end is supported by a universal wheel; A bolt fastening device is arranged on the center pin shaft, and the bolt fastening device is used to lock the rotating end; an angle scale is arranged on the center pin shaft.

3. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving distance of the adjustable position sliding mechanism entrance is: L= , where H is the vertical distance from the impact point of the test piece to the incident plane, is the angle of incidence.

4. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is made of transparent flexible material and is glued to the incident port. The thickness of the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is 0.1mm to 2mm. The material breaking strength of the disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is not higher than 0.1MPa, and the elongation does not exceed 10%. The disposable low-strength sealing insulation film is provided with a cross center mark.

5. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for foreign body high-speed impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 1, characterized in that: A collection harness connector is provided on the inner wall of the box to connect the ambient temperature and humidity sensor, strain gauge and auxiliary test sensor. The outside of the collection harness connector is connected to a temperature and humidity processing unit. The temperature and humidity processing unit is connected to the ambient temperature and humidity sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor of the test piece to be tested. It is used to monitor the difference in temperature and humidity between the ambient temperature and humidity in the box and the temperature and humidity of the test piece to be tested. During the cooling process, the maximum temperature difference between the test piece and the ambient temperature in the box is less than 10°C, and the maximum humidity percentage difference is less than 10%.

6. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for foreign body high-speed impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 5, characterized in that: An intelligent liquid nitrogen flow control valve is installed at the outlet of the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank. The liquid nitrogen flow rate is adjusted in real time by receiving the temperature data from the temperature and humidity processing unit. When the temperature difference between the ambient temperature in the box and the temperature of the test piece is ±1°C and the humidity difference is 2%, it is judged that the temperature and humidity of the sample are consistent with the ambient temperature and humidity.

7. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The number of temperature and humidity sensors pre-embedded in the test piece is no less than 4, and they are respectively arranged at different positions of the test piece. If the relative error of the temperature and humidity data monitored at different positions is within 2%, it is determined that the test piece has reached a stable test state.

8. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for foreign body high-speed impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 7, characterized in that: A humidity regulator is arranged on the inner wall of the box.

9. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for high-speed foreign body impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid nitrogen condenser tube is a stainless steel tube with a tube diameter of 3 to 6 mm and is distributed in an S shape along the inner wall of the box.

10. The rapid cooling environmental chamber for foreign body high-speed impact test of rail vehicle components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stretchable portion is a corrugated origami structure made of a flexible heat-insulating material.

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