Device and method for rapidly collecting and separating suspended load silt and surface sediment in water body

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water body sample collection, in particular to a rapid collection and separation device and method for suspended load sediment and surface sediment in a water body, and the rapid collection and separation device comprises a plurality of collection mechanisms which comprise an outer protection assembly, a power increasing assembly arranged above the outer protection assembly, an adsorption assembly arranged in the outer protection assembly and a locking assembly arranged below the outer protection assembly; the outer protection assembly comprises an outer protection box and a box cover fixed to the front end of the outer protection box in a matched mode through bolts, the power increasing assembly comprises an outer protection cylinder, a cylinder cover, fan blades, an abutting disc and a rotating sleeve, and the adsorption assembly comprises an adsorption sleeve, a collecting bag and a rotating rod; the traction mechanism comprises a guide rope and a counterweight assembly arranged at one end of the guide rope, the multiple collection mechanisms are arranged in an array mode in the axis direction of the guide rope, and the outer protection assembly is fixedly matched with the guide rope located on the upper portion through a locking assembly. The device can be effectively suitable for flowing water bodies, and collected samples are good in richness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water sample collection, and in particular to a device and method for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water. Background Art

[0002] Sediment in natural rivers is divided into suspended load and bed load. Bed load has larger particle sizes (such as pebbles and gravel) and rolls, slides, jumps, and layers in the river. Suspended load, on the other hand, is smaller and remains suspended for extended periods in the river. It is the primary vehicle for the migration and transformation of pollutants, and therefore, is the primary vehicle for the migration and transformation of pollutants in studies of water-sand-pollutant interactions. Furthermore, surface sediments (also known as bed sediment or bottom mud) in contact with suspended load are also the primary vehicle for the adsorption, accumulation, and release of pollutants. The collection of suspended load and bottom mud is crucial for studies of environmental pollution hydrology and other aspects. The suspended sediment in water bodies has a very small particle size and can be suspended in the water body for a long time, making it difficult to settle. Therefore, when used for collecting suspended sediment and surface sediment, two types of samplers are mainly used: instantaneous samplers and time-accumulated samplers. For example, the existing public document CN101880073B - Integrated rapid collection and separation device for suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies and the existing public document CN108562456B - A portable sediment sample collection device for field exploration both disclose a collection device for suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies. Although the existing collection devices can collect suspended sediment and surface sediment, the existing collection devices still have the following shortcomings in actual use: 1. Existing collection devices extract samples from the bottom of the water and then screen them under the influence of gravity differences. This collection method is not sufficient when the water is deep and the sample richness is high. It also consumes a lot of energy. In particular, in areas with flowing water, the collected samples are prone to large data errors (mainly in flowing waters, where some samples will flow with the water). 2. Existing collection devices are all fixed in one water area for sample collection. This collection method has the problem of low collection efficiency. At the same time, when collecting samples in larger water areas, this collection method has the disadvantage of large sample deviation. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing technology to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of this application to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title of the invention, and such simplifications or omissions should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0004] In view of the fact that the above-mentioned existing collection and separation devices have the problems of low collection efficiency, large collection data errors and high energy consumption in actual use, a rapid collection and separation device for suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies is proposed.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in a water body, comprising: a plurality of collecting mechanisms, including an outer guard component, an actuating component arranged above the outer guard component, an adsorption component arranged inside the outer guard component and a locking component arranged below the outer guard component, the outer guard component comprising an outer guard box and a box cover fixed to the front end of the outer guard box by bolts, the actuating component comprising an outer casing, a cylinder cover, a fan blade, an abutment disk and a rotating sleeve, a plurality of fan blades are arranged in an array along the circumference of the outer casing and slidably sleeved on the side wall of the outer casing, a connecting piece is fixed on the top surface of one end of the fan blade located inside the outer casing, a T-shaped rod arranged with an axis along the long side direction of the fan blade is slidably sleeved on the connecting piece, and one end of the T-shaped rod is fixed on the inner wall of the outer casing, a first spring is slidably sleeved on the T-shaped rod between the connecting piece and the outer casing, and the bottom of the outer casing The cam is fixedly mounted on the outside of the plate, and the upper end of the fixed column is eccentrically fixed to one end surface of the abutment disk, and the side wall of the abutment disk is used to abut one end of the fan blade. A rotating sleeve is coaxially fixed on the bottom surface of the outer casing outside the fixed column, and a ring tooth is fixed on the lower outer wall of the rotating sleeve. The adsorption assembly includes an adsorption sleeve, a collection bag and a rotating rod. The adsorption sleeve is integrally formed by a cylinder portion and a flat mouth portion symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the cylinder portion. The rotating rod is coaxially arranged inside the cylinder portion, and the upper and lower ends of the rotating rod are rotatably sleeved on the cylinder portion, and the adsorption group blades are fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod inside the cylinder portion, and the upper end of the rotating rod is fixedly provided with a first toothed disk meshing with the ring tooth; and a traction mechanism, including a guide rope and a counterweight assembly arranged at one end of the guide rope. Multiple collection mechanisms are arranged in an array along the axial direction of the guide rope, and the outer protective assembly is fixed with the guide rope located above by a locking assembly.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when the collection and separation device is in use, the fan blades that are in contact with the contact disk are eccentrically fixed on the fixed column, so that the distances to the outside of the outer casing are different under the flow of water. In this way, the fan blades on both sides of the outer casing are subjected to different forces. Under the continuous circulation of water, the outer casing can be rotated with the rotating sleeve as the axis, and then the rotating sleeve drives the ring gear to rotate. Because of the meshing setting between the ring gear and the first toothed disc, the first toothed disc can drive the rotating rod to rotate, and a certain suction force will be generated in the adsorption sleeve, which can quickly suck the external sample into the adsorption sleeve and collect the sample through the collection bag; the collection and separation device improves the sample collection by increasing the water exhalation volume, has high collection efficiency and can reduce the energy consumption required for collection, has good overall practicality, and the adsorption force generated by the collection can have a good sample collection ability in the flowing water body, and has good overall practicality.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies of the present invention, wherein: a tube cover is fixed on the top surface of the outer casing by bolts, and an inner extension ring is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the upper end of the outer casing along the circumferential direction, and a sealing groove for the rubber ring clearance fit is opened on the top surface of the inner extension ring along the circumferential direction; a first limiting ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating sleeve, and a first limiting groove for the first limiting ring clearance fit is opened on the top plate of the outer casing, and a first oil seal groove is opened on the outer wall of the first limiting ring along the circumferential direction; a second limiting ring is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed column, and a second limiting groove for the second limiting ring clearance fit is opened on the bottom plate of the outer casing, and a second oil seal groove is opened on the outer wall of the first limiting ring along the circumferential direction, and the lower end of the fixed column is fixed on the top surface of the adsorption sleeve.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended matter, silt and surface sediment in water bodies of the present invention, wherein: an expansion frame is fixedly provided on the rear end face of the flat mouth part located on the rear side, a connecting frame is fixedly provided on the front end face of the collecting bag, and the expansion frame and the connecting frame are fixed by bolts, a mounting plate is symmetrically fixedly provided on the lower end position of the outer wall of the cylindrical part, and the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer protective box by bolts; a fitting frame that abuts against the free end of the flat mouth part is fixedly provided on one side face of the box cover, a trash rack is fixedly provided on the inner side of the fitting frame, and a water inlet window is opened on the box cover on the inner side of the fitting frame, and the side of the box cover away from the outer protective box is located outside the water inlet window and is arranged as a trumpet-shaped water collecting trough.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies of the present invention, drainage grooves are arranged in an array on the rear end face of the outer protective box, and U-shaped buoyancy strips are fixed on the outer side wall of the outer protective box above the drainage grooves.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended matter, silt and surface sediment in water bodies of the present invention, it further includes a drive assembly, which includes a second gear disc meshing on one side of the ring gear, a rectangular rod with a T-shaped vertical cross-section is fixed on the bottom surface of the second gear disc, an output shaft is coaxially arranged below the rectangular rod, and the lower end of the output shaft is embedded in the output end of the motor, the motor is fixed on the outer wall of the adsorption sleeve, a convex groove for clearance fitting of the rectangular rod is coaxially opened on the upper end of the output shaft, and a second spring is slidably sleeved on the rectangular rod located inside the convex groove; a first electromagnetic plate is fixed on the inner top surface of the outer protective box above the second gear disc.

[0011] In view of the problem that the sample data collected by the existing collection and separation device has a large deviation when facing large water areas, the invention further optimizes and improves the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies, wherein: the locking component includes a U-shaped arc piece, a T-shaped plate, a telescopic rod, a rectangular protective frame and a second electromagnetic plate. The rectangular protective frame is fixed on the middle part of the bottom surface of the outer protective box, and the second electromagnetic plate is fixed on the bottom surface of the outer protective box on the inner side of the rectangular protective frame. The two parallel cross bars of the rectangular protective frame are symmetrically slidably sleeved with telescopic rods, which are located on one end of the telescopic rod inside the rectangular protective frame. An adsorption plate is fixedly provided, and a U-shaped arc piece for the guide rope to slide through is arranged under the T-shaped plate. The two ends of the U-shaped arc piece are symmetrically extended outward and fixed with epitaxial pieces, and the epitaxial pieces are fixed with locking bolts fixed on the horizontal plate of the T-shaped plate, and a socket for sliding insertion of one end of the telescopic rod is provided on the vertical plate of the T-shaped plate; a positioning ring is fixedly sleeved on the telescopic rod located outside the rectangular guard frame, and a third spring is slidingly sleeved on the telescopic rod between the positioning ring and the rectangular guard frame; a stop block is fixed on the bottom surface of the outer protective box on the other side of the T-shaped plate with respect to the rectangular guard frame.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended matter, sediment and surface sediment in water bodies of the present invention, the counterweight assembly includes an I-shaped wheel, a bonding plate and a base plate, a rotating column is coaxially fixed on the I-shaped wheel, and both ends of the rotating column are slidably connected to support plates through rolling bearings, and the two support plates are fixed on the top surface of the base plate; one end of the guide rope is slidably connected to the I-shaped wheel, and a bonding plate is fixed on the top surface of the base plate on one side of the I-shaped wheel, and a bonding groove is opened on one side surface of the bonding plate for bonding with the side wall of the I-shaped wheel.

[0013] Another beneficial effect of the present invention is that when the collection and separation device is in use, the counterweight assembly sinks to the bottom of the water to position and fix one end of the guide rope, and the collection mechanisms are fixedly connected to the guide rope in series through the locking assembly. The staff can use the driving device to pull the guide rope from the other end of the guide rope to achieve the rolling of the guide rope on the I-shaped wheel. Under the action of the rolling, multiple collection mechanisms move back and forth in the water body along the axial direction of the guide rope, so that the collection mechanism can move to a certain extent in the water body. This walking method can collect samples efficiently and accurately when facing a large area of ​​water, and the overall collection effect is good and the richness of the collected samples is high.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended matter, silt and surface sediment in water bodies of the present invention, it further includes a suspension component, which includes an air bag, a rectangular box, a high-pressure gas cylinder and an air pipe. The two rectangular boxes are symmetrically fixed on the two outer walls of the outer protective box, and the air bag is arranged in the rectangular box. A matching plate is fixed at one end of the air bag, and an air inlet groove connected to the interior of the air bag is provided on the matching plate; an air outlet groove with a convex cross-section is provided on the outer wall of the outer protective box inside the rectangular box, and the matching plate is fitted in the air outlet groove and fixed by bolts; the air pipe fixed on the inner wall of the outer protective box is used for connecting the two air outlet grooves.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies of the present invention, a connecting pipe is connected to the gas pipe, the other end of the connecting pipe is provided with a connecting sleeve that is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder, and a solenoid valve is fixedly installed on the gas pipe.

[0016] In addition, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a method for using the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies, wherein the device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies is operated according to the following steps; S1: The staff first connects multiple collection mechanisms in series on the guide rope through the locking assembly at intervals; S2: After moving to the target water area, the staff first puts one end equipped with the counterweight assembly into the water, and then lowers all the collection mechanisms into the water along the cross-sectional direction of the water flow; S3: After the collection mechanism falls into the collection water area, the target sample is collected; S4: After collecting for a period of time, the staff drives the other end of the guide rope through the driving device to move the guide rope along the axis direction, so that the collection mechanism moves back and forth horizontally in the water area; S5: After the collection is completed, the outer protection component is unlocked by controlling the locking component, and gas is simultaneously injected into the airbag; S6: Under the action of buoyancy, the airbag will drive the entire collection mechanism to float up, and the staff can complete the salvage after sample collection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the collection mechanism in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Rear view of the structure.

[0020] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Bottom diagram of the structure.

[0021] Figure 5 It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the collecting mechanism in the front-to-back direction of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the collection mechanism in the left and right directions of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 It is an exploded view of the collection mechanism in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the coordination of the outer protective box, the gas transmission pipe and the rectangular protective frame in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the box cover in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a diagram of the rotating rod and the adsorption sleeve ready for matching in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a diagram of the second gear disc and the motor ready for matching in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the actuating component in the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer casing of the amplification component in the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the counterweight assembly in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0033] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0034] Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. For ease of illustration, when describing the embodiments of the present invention, cross-sectional views illustrating device structures may be partially enlarged and not to scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely illustrative and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included. Example 1

[0035] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies. When the collection and separation device is in use, multiple collection mechanisms 100 are connected in series to the traction mechanism 200, and the collection mechanism 100 can be moved in the water body by driving the traction mechanism 200.

[0036] Specifically, it includes multiple collection mechanisms 100, including an outer protective component 101, an actuating component 102 arranged above the outer protective component 101, an adsorption component 103 arranged inside the outer protective component 101, and a locking component 106 arranged below the outer protective component 101; and a traction mechanism 200, including a guide rope 201 and a counterweight component 202 arranged at one end of the guide rope 201. The multiple collection mechanisms 100 are arranged in an array along the axial direction of the guide rope 201, and the outer protective component 101 is fixed to the guide rope 201 located above through the locking component 106.

[0037] See Figure 3 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the outer protection assembly 101 includes an outer protection box 101a and a box cover 101b fixed to the front end of the outer protection box 101a by bolts, so as to facilitate the disassembly of the box cover 101b and take out the sample inside. A fitting frame 101b-3 is fixed on one side of the box cover 101b to abut against the free end of the flat mouth portion 103a-2. A trash rack 101b-4 is fixed on the inner side of the fitting frame 101b-3. The trash rack 101b-4 can intercept garbage in the water body when collecting it. A water inlet window 101b-2 is provided on the box cover 101b on the inner side of the fitting frame 101b-3. The water inlet window 101b-2 is used to allow external water to enter the collection mechanism 100. The side of the box cover 101b away from the outer protective box 101a is located outside the water inlet window 101b-2 and is configured as a trumpet-shaped water collecting trough 101b-1, thereby improving the effect of water collection and sampling. The rear end face of the outer protective box 101a is provided with an array of drainage grooves 101a-1 to discharge the water after sampling.

[0038] Furthermore, a U-shaped buoyancy bar 101c is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the outer protective box 101a above the drainage trough 101a-1, thereby increasing the buoyancy to a certain extent and adjusting the center of gravity of the entire collection mechanism 100. The entire collection mechanism 100 can maintain a good shape in the water body and avoid overturning.

[0039] See Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the actuating assembly 102 includes an outer casing 102a, a casing cover 102b, a fan blade 102c, an abutting plate 102d and a rotating sleeve 102e. A plurality of fan blades 102c are arranged in an array along the circumference of the outer casing 102a and are slidably sleeved on the side wall of the outer casing 102a. A connecting piece 102c-1 is fixed to the top surface of one end of the fan blade 102c inside the outer casing 102a. A T-shaped rod 102c-2 is slidably sleeved on the connecting piece 102c-1, and the axis is arranged along the long side direction of the fan blade 102c. One end of the T-shaped rod 102c-2 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer casing 102a. The connecting piece 102c-1 and the outer casing A first spring 102c-3 is slidably sleeved on the T-shaped rod 102c-2 between the blades 102a and 102a. The provision of the first spring 102c-3 can realize the reset of the connecting piece 102c-1. A fixed column 102d-1 is slidably sleeved on the middle part of the bottom plate of the outer casing 102a. The upper end of the fixed column 102d-1 is eccentrically fixed to one end surface of the abutment disk 102d, and the side wall of the abutment disk 102d is used to abut one end of the fan blade 102c. A rotating sleeve 102e is coaxially fixed to the bottom surface of the outer casing 102a outside the fixed column 102d-1, and a ring gear 104b is fixed to the outer side wall of the lower end of the rotating sleeve 102e. A cylinder cover 102b is fixed to the top surface of the outer casing 102a by bolts, thereby facilitating the detachability between the cylinder cover 102b and the outer casing 102a, and an inner extension ring 102a-2 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the upper end of the outer casing 102a along the circumferential direction, and a sealing groove 102a-3 for the clearance fit of the rubber ring is opened on the top surface of the inner extension ring 102a-2 along the circumferential direction to improve the sealing performance between the outer casing 102a and the cylinder cover 102b; a first limiting ring 102e-1 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotating sleeve 102e, and a first limiting groove 101a-3 for the clearance fit of the first limiting ring 102e-1 is opened on the top plate of the outer casing 101a, thereby realizing the limiting fit between the outer casing 101a and the rotating sleeve 102e, and a sealing groove 102a-3 is opened on the outer side wall of the first limiting ring 102e-1 along the circumferential direction The first oil seal groove 102e-2 is filled with sealing oil to improve the sealing effect; the second limiting ring 102d-2 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed column 102d-1, and the second limiting groove 102a-1 for the clearance fit of the second limiting ring 102d-2 is opened on the bottom plate of the outer casing 102a, thereby realizing the limiting fit between the outer casing 102a and the fixed column 102d-1, and the second oil seal groove 102d-3 is opened circumferentially on the outer wall of the first limiting ring 102e-1, and the second oil seal groove 102d-3 is filled with sealing oil to improve the sealing effect, so as to improve the sealing effect, the lower end of the fixed column 102d-1 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the adsorption sleeve 103a, so that when the outer casing 102a rotates, the fixed column 102d-1 can drive the abutting disk 102d to be fixed; When the above arrangement is in use, through the eccentric setting between the abutment disk 102d and the fixed column 102d-1, when the outer casing 102a drives the multiple fan blades 102c to rotate with the rotating sleeve 102e as the axis, the fan blades 102c follow the abutment disk 102d, thereby achieving different areas of the fan blades 102c extending to the outside of the outer casing 102a at different positions of the outer casing 102a. In this way, under the drive of the water flow, the areas of force applied to each fan blade 102c are different, thereby ensuring that the outer casing 102a can rotate with the rotating sleeve 102e as the axis under the flowing water.

[0040] See Figure 5 、 Figure 7 and Figure 10 As shown, the adsorption assembly 103 includes an adsorption sleeve 103a, a collection bag 103b and a rotating rod 103c. The adsorption sleeve 103a is integrally formed by a cylindrical portion 103a-1 and a flat mouth portion 103a-2 symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the cylindrical portion 103a-1. The rotating rod 103c is coaxially arranged inside the cylindrical portion 103a-1, and the rotating sleeves 102e at the upper and lower ends of the rotating rod 103c are connected to the cylindrical portion 103a-1. The adsorption group leaf 103c-1 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod 103c inside the cylindrical portion 103a-1. The upper end of the rotating rod 103c is fixedly provided with a first toothed disc 104a that meshes with the ring gear 104b. An expansion frame 103a-4 is fixedly provided on the rear end surface of the flat mouth portion 103a-2 located at the rear side, and a connecting frame 103b-1 is fixedly provided on the front end surface of the collection bag 103b, and the expansion frame 103a-4 and the connecting frame 103b-1 are fixed by bolts, so as to achieve a detachable connection between the collection bag 103b and the expansion frame 103a-4, and a mounting plate 103a-3 is symmetrically fixed to the lower end of the outer wall of the cylindrical portion 103a-1, and the mounting plate 103a-3 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer protective box 101a by bolts, so as to achieve a detachable connection of the adsorption sleeve 103a; When the above-mentioned arrangement is in use, when the water drives the outer protective tube 102a to rotate, the engagement arrangement of the ring gear 104b and the first toothed disc 104a can realize the rotation of the rotating sleeve 102e to drive the first toothed disc 104a to rotate, and finally the rotating rod 103c drives the adsorption group leaves 103c-1 to rotate in the cylindrical part 103a-1. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation can generate suction at the flat mouth part 103a-2 on the front side of the cylindrical part 103a-1, thereby sucking in the external water body, and the sucked water body is discharged into the collection bag 103b through the flat mouth part 103a-2 on the rear side of the cylindrical part 103a-1 to realize the collection of samples. Example 2

[0041] Reference Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7and Figure 11 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention, is based on the previous embodiment, but is different in that a drive assembly 104 is provided to improve the practicability of the device, make the device applicable to non-flowing water bodies, and better improve the collection capability of the device.

[0042] Specifically, the drive assembly 104 includes a second toothed disc 104c meshed with one side of the ring gear 104b, a rectangular rod 104c-1 with a T-shaped vertical cross section is fixed on the bottom surface of the second toothed disc 104c, an output shaft 104c-3 is coaxially arranged below the rectangular rod 104c-1, and the lower end of the output shaft 104c-3 is embedded in the output end of the motor 104c-4, the motor 104c-4 is fixed on the outer wall of the adsorption sleeve 103a, and the upper end of the output shaft 104c-3 is coaxially provided with a rectangular rod 104c-1. The convex groove 104c-5 with clearance fit on the rectangular rod 104c-1 allows the second toothed disc 104c to rotate synchronously with the output shaft 104c-3. A second spring 104c-2 is slidably sleeved on the rectangular rod 104c-1 located inside the convex groove 104c-5. The second spring 104c-2 can reset the rectangular rod 104c-1. A first electromagnetic plate 104d is fixed to the inner top surface of the outer protective box 101a above the second toothed disc 104c. When the above-mentioned setting is in use, the rotation of the second toothed disc 104c can be realized through the operation of the motor 104c-4. Due to the meshing setting between the second toothed disc 104c and the ring gear 104b, the second toothed disc 104c can drive the ring gear 104b to rotate. This setting method can, on the one hand, realize the collection of the device in non-flowing water bodies, and on the other hand, realize high-efficiency collection requirements. When the first electromagnetic plate 104d generates magnetic force to adsorb the second toothed disc 104c, the second toothed disc 104c moves upward, and the coordination between the second toothed disc 104c and the ring gear 104b is released. In this state, the collection of water samples is realized through the circulation of water. Example 3

[0043] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 7 and Figure 14 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention, is based on any of the above embodiments, except that this embodiment is proposed to facilitate the effective collection of samples by the device in large water areas, thereby improving the richness of sample collection.

[0044] Specifically, the locking assembly 106 includes a U-shaped arc piece 106a, a T-shaped plate 106b, a telescopic rod 106c, a rectangular protective frame 106d and a second electromagnetic plate 106e. The rectangular protective frame 106d is fixed to the middle of the bottom surface of the outer protective box 101a, and the second electromagnetic plate 106e is fixed to the bottom surface of the outer protective box 101a inside the rectangular protective frame 106d. The two parallel cross bars of the rectangular protective frame 106d are symmetrically slidably connected with the telescopic rod 106c. An adsorption plate 106c-1 is fixed on one end of the telescopic rod 106c located inside the rectangular protective frame 106d. The U-shaped arc piece 106a for the guide rope 201 to slide through is set under the T-shaped plate 106b. On the other hand, the two ends of the U-shaped arc piece 106a extend symmetrically outward and are fixed with epitaxial sheets 106a-1, and the epitaxial sheet 106a-1 is fixed with the locking bolt 106b-1 fixed on the horizontal plate of the T-shaped plate 106b. The vertical plate of the T-shaped plate 106b is provided with a socket 106b-2 for sliding insertion of one end of the telescopic rod 106c; a positioning ring 106c-3 is fixedly sleeved on the telescopic rod 106c located outside the rectangular protective frame 106d, and a third spring 106c-2 is slidably sleeved on the telescopic rod 106c between the positioning ring 106c-3 and the rectangular protective frame 106d. This arrangement can realize the reset of the telescopic rod 106c; When the above arrangement is in use, the staff will first fit the guide rope 201 between the U-shaped arc piece 106a and the T-shaped plate 106b during installation, and then the U-shaped arc piece 106a and the T-shaped plate 106b can be used to clamp the guide rope 201 through the cooperation of the epitaxial piece 106a-1 and the locking bolt 106b-1. After the clamping is completed, the telescopic rod 106c is inserted into the socket 106b-2 to achieve the cooperation and limitation between the locking component 106, the guide rope 201 and the outer protection component 101; in addition, the second electromagnetic plate 106e is energized to achieve magnetic adsorption of the adsorption plate 106c-1. Under the action of the magnetic adsorption, the telescopic rod 106c is disengaged from the socket 106b-2, which facilitates the release of the locking component 106 and the separation of the outer protection component 101 and the guide rope 201.

[0045] Furthermore, a stopper 101a-2 is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the outer protective box 101a on the other side of the T-shaped plate 106b with the rectangular protective frame 106d, thereby improving the stability of the matching and limiting between the locking assembly 106, the guide rope 201 and the outer protective assembly 101.

[0046] The counterweight assembly 202 includes a work-shaped wheel 202a, a bonding plate 202b and a base plate 202c. A rotating column 202a-1 is coaxially fixed on the work-shaped wheel 202a, and both ends of the rotating column 202a-1 are slidably connected to support plates 202a-2 through rolling bearings. The two support plates 202a-2 are fixed on the top surface of the base plate 202c. A counterweight block can be installed on the base plate 202c to improve the positioning effect of the counterweight assembly 202 in the water. The guide rope 2 One end of 01 is slidably sleeved on the work-shaped wheel 202a, so that the guide rope 201 can move on the work-shaped wheel 202a. Because the locking component 106, the guide rope 201 and the outer protection component 101 cooperate with the limit setting, when the guide rope 201 moves, the collection mechanism 100 can move along the axis of the guide rope 201. In the case of large water areas, the collection mechanism 100 can move to a certain extent in the water, thereby improving the richness of the collection; In addition, it should be noted that, in actual use, the other end of the guide rope 201 equipped with the counterweight assembly 202 can be equipped with the driving assembly, and the movement of the guide rope 201 is achieved by driving the driving assembly.

[0047] Furthermore, a bonding plate 202b is fixed on the top surface of the base plate 202c on one side of the work-shaped wheel 202a, and a bonding groove 202b-1 is provided on one side surface of the bonding plate 202b, which is bonded to the side wall of the work-shaped wheel 202a. This setting can enable the guide rope 201 to fit better on the work-shaped wheel 202a, thereby avoiding separation between the work-shaped wheel 202a and the guide rope 201. Example 4

[0048] Reference Figure 3 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, is based on the previous embodiment, except that, in order to facilitate the staff to better collect the collection mechanism 100 after collection, thereby reducing the labor intensity of collection, a suspension component 105 is proposed.

[0049] Specifically, the suspension assembly 105 includes an air bag 105a, a rectangular box 105b, a high-pressure gas cylinder 105c and an air delivery pipe 105d. The two rectangular boxes 105b are symmetrically fixed on the two outer side walls of the outer protective box 101a, and the air bag 105a is set in the rectangular box 105b. A matching plate 105a-1 is fixed at one end of the air bag 105a, and the matching plate 105a-1 is provided with an air inlet groove 105a-2 connected to the interior of the air bag 105a; an air outlet groove 105b-1 with a convex cross-section is provided on the outer side wall of the outer protective box 101a inside the rectangular box 105b, and the matching plate 105a-1 is matched with the air outlet groove. 105b-1 and fixed by bolts, which facilitates the detachable connection of the matching plate 105a-1, so as to facilitate the maintenance and replacement of the airbag 105a; the air supply pipe 105d fixed on the inner wall of the outer protective box 101a is used to connect the two air outlet grooves 105b-1; the air supply pipe 105d is connected to the air supply pipe 105d-1, and the other end of the connecting pipe 105d-1 is provided with a connecting sleeve 105d-2 that is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder 105c. The high-pressure gas cylinder 105c is preferably filled with inert gas. The air supply pipe 105d is fixedly installed with a solenoid valve 105d-3 to realize the on and off of the air supply pipe 105d; When the above arrangement is in use, after sample collection is completed, the solenoid valve 105d-3 is controlled to open, and the gas in the high-pressure gas cylinder 105c is discharged. The gas passes through the connecting pipe 105d-1, the gas delivery pipe 105d, the gas outlet groove 105b-1, and the gas inlet groove 105a-2 in sequence, and enters the two air bags 105a. The gas in the air bags 105a expands and expands the entire air bags 105a. After the locking assembly 106 is released, the buoyancy generated by the air bags 105a allows the entire collection mechanism 100 to float upward, so that the staff can use the vehicle to collect the collection mechanism 100 on the water surface. It should be noted that when the airbag 105a is not inflated, the airbag 105a is placed in the rectangular box 105b in a stacked manner, and the open end of the rectangular box 105b is covered with a plastic film or tape to limit the airbag 105a in the rectangular box 105b.

[0050] In addition, it should be noted that in actual use, the electrical components in this device need to be waterproofed to avoid damage caused by water entering the electrical components. At the same time, this device also includes a controller, a power supply module, etc., which are used to power and control the electrical components in this device, and the controller is also connected to the control center wirelessly. Example 5

[0051] This embodiment is the fifth embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for using a device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water. Specifically, the operation is performed according to the following steps: S1: The staff first connects multiple collection mechanisms 100 in series on the guide rope 201 through the locking assembly 106 at intervals; S2: After moving to the target water area, the staff first puts one end equipped with the counterweight assembly 202 into the water, and then lowers all the collection mechanisms 100 into the water along the cross-sectional direction of the water flow. In this way, when the water flow impacts the outer casing 102a, the force on both sides of the outer casing 102a is uneven; S3: After the collection mechanism 100 falls into the collection water area, the target sample is collected; S4: After collecting for a period of time, the staff drives the other end of the guide rope 201 through the driving device to move the guide rope 201 along the axial direction, so that the collection mechanism 100 moves back and forth in the horizontal direction of the water area; S5: After the collection is completed, the outer protection component 101 is unlocked by controlling the locking component 106, and gas is simultaneously injected into the airbag 105a; S6: Under the action of buoyancy, the airbag 105a will drive the entire collection mechanism 100 to float upward, and the staff can complete the salvage after sample collection.

[0052] In addition, it should be noted that the components not described in detail herein are prior art.

[0053] It is important to note that the configuration and arrangement of the present application as shown in various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those reading this disclosure should readily understand that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in the size, scale, structure, shape, and proportions of various components, as well as parameter values ​​(e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, color, orientation, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of an element may be inverted or otherwise altered, and the nature, number, or position of discrete elements may be modified or changed. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to a variety of modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0054] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment may not be described (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention).

[0055] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual embodiment, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will, for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0056] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for quickly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies, characterized by: include, A plurality of collecting mechanisms (100), comprising an outer protection component (101), an actuating component (102) arranged above the outer protection component (101), an adsorption component (103) arranged inside the outer protection component (101), and a locking component (106) arranged below the outer protection component (101); and, The traction mechanism (200) comprises a guide rope (201) and a counterweight assembly (202) arranged at one end of the guide rope (201); a plurality of the collection mechanisms (100) are arranged in an array along the axial direction of the guide rope (201); and the outer protection assembly (101) is fixedly coupled with the guide rope (201) located above via a locking assembly (106); The outer protection assembly (101) comprises an outer protection box (101a) and a box cover (101b) fixed to the front end of the outer protection box (101a) by means of bolts; The motion-increasing component (102) comprises an outer casing (102a), a casing cover (102b), a fan blade (102c), an abutment disk (102d) and a rotating sleeve (102e); a plurality of the fan blades (102c) are arranged in an array along the circumference of the outer casing (102a) and are slidably sleeved on the side wall of the outer casing (102a); a connecting piece (102c-1) is fixedly provided on the top surface of one end of the fan blade (102c) located inside the outer casing (102a); a T-shaped rod (102c-2) whose axis is arranged along the long side direction of the fan blade (102c) is slidably sleeved on the connecting piece (102c-1); and one end of the T-shaped rod (102c-2) is fixedly provided inside the outer casing (102a). On the wall, a first spring (102c-3) is slidably sleeved on a T-shaped rod (102c-2) between the connecting piece (102c-1) and the outer protective tube (102a); a fixing column (102d-1) is slidably sleeved on the middle part of the bottom plate of the outer protective tube (102a); the upper end of the fixing column (102d-1) is eccentrically fixed on one end surface of the abutment disk (102d), and the side wall of the abutment disk (102d) is used for abutment of one end of the fan blade (102c); a rotating sleeve (102e) is coaxially fixed on the bottom surface of the outer protective tube (102a) outside the fixing column (102d-1), and a ring tooth (104b) is fixed on the outer side wall of the lower end of the rotating sleeve (102e); The adsorption assembly (103) comprises an adsorption sleeve (103a), a collection bag (103b) and a rotating rod (103c); the upper end of the rotating rod (103c) is fixedly provided with a first toothed disc (104a) meshing with the ring teeth (104b).

2. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A tube cover (102b) is fixed on the top surface of the outer protective tube (102a) by bolts, and an inner extension ring (102a-2) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the upper end of the outer protective tube (102a) along the circumferential direction, and a sealing groove (102a-3) for gap fitting of a rubber ring is opened on the top surface of the inner extension ring (102a-2) along the circumferential direction; A first limiting ring (102e-1) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the rotating sleeve (102e), and a first limiting groove (101a-3) for clearance fit of the first limiting ring (102e-1) is provided on the top plate of the outer protective box (101a), and a first oil seal groove (102e-2) is circumferentially provided on the outer side wall of the first limiting ring (102e-1); A second limiting ring (102d-2) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed column (102d-1), and a second limiting groove (102a-1) for clearance fit of the second limiting ring (102d-2) is provided on the bottom plate of the outer casing (102a), a second oil seal groove (102d-3) is circumferentially provided on the outer wall of the first limiting ring (102e-1), and the lower end of the fixed column (102d-1) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the adsorption sleeve (103a).

3. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The adsorption sleeve (103a) is integrally formed of a cylindrical portion (103a-1) and a flat mouth portion (103a-2) symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the cylindrical portion (103a-1); the rotating rod (103c) is coaxially arranged inside the cylindrical portion (103a-1); the rotating sleeves (102e) at the upper and lower ends of the rotating rod (103c) are connected to the cylindrical portion (103a-1); and the adsorption group leaf (103c-1) is fixedly sleeved on the rotating rod (103c) inside the cylindrical portion (103a-1); An enlarged frame (103a-4) is fixedly provided on the rear end surface of the flat mouth portion (103a-2) located at the rear side, a connection frame (103b-1) is fixedly provided on the front end surface of the collecting bag (103b), and the enlarged frame (103a-4) and the connection frame (103b-1) are fixed by bolts, and a mounting plate (103a-3) is symmetrically fixedly provided at the lower end of the outer wall of the cylindrical portion (103a-1), and the mounting plate (103a-3) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer protective box (101a) by bolts; A fitting frame (101b-3) is fixedly provided on one side surface of the box cover (101b) and is abutted against the free end of the flat mouth portion (103a-2); a trash rack (101b-4) is fixedly provided on the inner side of the fitting frame (101b-3); a water inlet window (101b-2) is provided on the box cover (101b) on the inner side of the fitting frame (101b-3); and a side surface of the box cover (101b) away from the outer protective box (101a) is located outside the water inlet window (101b-2) and is provided as a trumpet-shaped water collecting trough (101b-1).

4. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: Drainage grooves (101a-1) are arranged in an array on the rear end surface of the outer protective box (101a), and U-shaped buoyancy strips (101c) are fixedly provided on the outer side wall of the outer protective box (101a) above the drainage grooves (101a-1).

5. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: The drive assembly (104) further comprises a drive assembly (104), the drive assembly (104) comprising a second toothed disc (104c) meshed with one side of the ring gear (104b), a rectangular rod (104c-1) having a T-shaped vertical cross section being fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the second toothed disc (104c), an output shaft (104c-3) being coaxially arranged below the rectangular rod (104c-1), and the lower end of the output shaft (104c-3) being embedded in the output end of the motor (104c-4), the motor (104c-4) 04c-4) is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the adsorption sleeve (103a), the upper end of the output shaft (104c-3) is coaxially provided with a convex groove (104c-5) for clearance fit of the rectangular rod (104c-1), and a second spring (104c-2) is slidably sleeved on the rectangular rod (104c-1) located inside the convex groove (104c-5); a first electromagnetic plate (104d) is fixedly arranged on the inner top surface of the outer protective box (101a) above the second toothed disc (104c).

6. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The locking assembly (106) comprises a U-shaped arc piece (106a), a T-shaped plate (106b), a telescopic rod (106c), a rectangular protective frame (106d) and a second electromagnetic plate (106e); the rectangular protective frame (106d) is fixedly arranged at the middle of the bottom surface of the outer protective box (101a), and the second electromagnetic plate (106e) is fixedly arranged at the bottom surface of the outer protective box (101a) inside the rectangular protective frame (106d); the telescopic rod (106c) is symmetrically slidably sleeved on two parallel cross bars of the rectangular protective frame (106d); the telescopic rod (106c) located inside the rectangular protective frame (106d) An adsorption plate (106c-1) is fixedly provided on one end of the T-shaped plate (106c), a U-shaped arc piece (106a) for the guide rope (201) to slide through is arranged below the T-shaped plate (106b), both ends of the U-shaped arc piece (106a) are symmetrically extended outwardly and fixedly provided with epitaxial sheets (106a-1), and the epitaxial sheet (106a-1) is fixedly cooperated with a locking bolt (106b-1) fixedly provided on the horizontal plate of the T-shaped plate (106b), and a socket (106b-2) for slidingly inserting one end of the telescopic rod (106c) is provided on the vertical plate of the T-shaped plate (106b); A positioning ring (106c-3) is fixedly sleeved on the telescopic rod (106c) located outside the rectangular protective frame (106d), and a third spring (106c-2) is slidably sleeved on the telescopic rod (106c) between the positioning ring (106c-3) and the rectangular protective frame (106d); A stopper (101a-2) is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the outer protective box (101a) on the other side of the T-shaped plate (106b) provided with the rectangular protective frame (106d).

7. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The counterweight assembly (202) comprises a profile wheel (202a), a bonding plate (202b) and a base plate (202c); a rotating column (202a-1) is coaxially fixedly disposed on the profile wheel (202a); both ends of the rotating column (202a-1) are slidably sleeved with support plates (202a-2) via rolling bearings; and the two support plates (202a-2) are fixedly disposed on the top surface of the base plate (202c); One end of the guide rope (201) is slidably sleeved on the work-shaped wheel (202a), and a bonding plate (202b) is fixedly provided on the top surface of a base plate (202c) on one side of the work-shaped wheel (202a), and a bonding groove (202b-1) that is bonded to the side wall of the work-shaped wheel (202a) is provided on one side surface of the bonding plate (202b).

8. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: It also comprises a suspension component (105), the suspension component (105) comprising an air bag (105a), a rectangular box (105b), a high-pressure gas cylinder (105c) and a gas transmission pipe (105d), the two rectangular boxes (105b) being symmetrically fixed on two outer side walls of the outer protective box (101a), and the air bag (105a) being arranged in the rectangular box (105b), a matching plate (105a-1) being fixed at one end of the air bag (105a), and an air inlet groove (105a-2) being arranged on the matching plate (105a-1) and communicating with the interior of the air bag (105a); An air outlet groove (105b-1) with a convex cross-section is provided on the outer side wall of the outer protective box (101a) inside the rectangular box (105b), and the matching plate (105a-1) is matched in the air outlet groove (105b-1) and fixed by bolts; The air delivery pipe (105d) fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the outer protective box (101a) is used for connecting the two air outlet grooves (105b-1).

9. The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The gas delivery pipe (105d) is connected to a connecting pipe (105d-1), the other end of the connecting pipe (105d-1) is provided with a connecting sleeve (105d-2) that is matched and connected to a high-pressure gas cylinder (105c), and a solenoid valve (105d-3) is fixedly mounted on the gas delivery pipe (105d).

10. A method for using a device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in a water body, characterized in that: The device for rapidly collecting and separating suspended sediment and surface sediment in water bodies as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 9 is operated according to the following steps; S1: A staff member first connects a plurality of the collecting mechanisms (100) in series on the guide rope (201) at intervals through a locking assembly (106); S2: After moving to the target water area, the staff first puts one end equipped with the counterweight assembly (202) into the water, and then lowers all the multiple collection mechanisms (100) into the water along the cross-sectional direction of the water flow; S3: After the collection mechanism (100) falls into the collection water area, the target sample is collected; S4: After collecting for a period of time, the staff drives the other end of the guide rope (201) through the driving device to move the guide rope (201) along the axial direction, so that the collecting mechanism (100) reciprocates in the horizontal direction of the water area; S5: After the collection is completed, the locking component (106) is controlled to release the locking of the outer protection component (101), and at the same time, gas is controlled to be blown into the airbag (105a); S6: Under the action of buoyancy, the airbag (105a) will drive the entire collection mechanism (100) to float upward, and the staff can complete the salvage after sample collection.

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