Method for identifying flowering phase heat resistance of summer sesame variety based on multi-temperature gradient control

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural biology, and discloses a multi-temperature gradient control summer sesame variety flowering phase heat resistance identification method which comprises the following operation steps: S1, selecting seeds of a plurality of summer sesame varieties, sowing the seeds in 20 nutrition bowls with the same specification, and filling the nutrition bowls with equal amount of high-quality nutrient soil; according to the method for identifying the flowering phase heat resistance of the summer sesame varieties based on multi-temperature gradient control, the operation is relatively simple and convenient through the steps of selecting seeds of a plurality of summer sesame varieties, sowing the seeds in nutrition bowls with the same specification, culturing in an artificial climate chamber under a unified planting condition, setting temperature gradient treatment, measuring various indexes and the like; complex equipment and professional technologies are not needed, different temperature gradients are simulated to serve as variables, the summer sesame variety is stimulated to generate diversified physiological responses, a rich data basis is provided for accurate identification of heat resistance, and identification errors caused by single environment simulation are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural biotechnology, in particular to a method for identifying heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls. Background Art

[0002] As an important oil crop worldwide, sesame has extremely high economic and nutritional value. Its seeds have a high oil content, and the sesame oil extracted has a strong aroma and is widely used in food cooking and industrial production. In the global oil crop market, sesame occupies an indispensable position and is widely planted in many countries and regions. The planting time and growth cycle of summer sesame inevitably put it in the high temperature season, especially the flowering period, which is extremely sensitive to temperature changes. The flowering period is a crucial stage in the growth and development of sesame, which is directly related to subsequent pollination, fertilization and fruit development. Once subjected to high temperature stress, the activity of sesame pollen will be significantly reduced, and the elongation of pollen tubes will be hindered, resulting in a significant decrease in the success rate of pollination. At the same time, high temperature will also interfere with the fertilization process, affect the normal development of the embryo, cause poor fruit development, and cause shriveled and empty grains, which ultimately lead to a serious decline in yield and quality. Therefore, the heat resistance test of summer sesame during the flowering period is an important identification method for quality detection, but the existing identification methods have some defects, such as:

[0003] At present, most of the identification methods for the heat resistance of summer sesame during flowering period adopt a simple high-temperature environment planting method. The identification operation only sets a single high-temperature point to treat the plants. The identification of this operation cannot fully simulate the complex and changeable high-temperature conditions in the natural environment. In addition, due to the lack of multi-temperature gradient controls, it cannot effectively reflect the true performance of different summer sesame varieties under different degrees of high-temperature stress, and it is difficult to accurately and comprehensively evaluate their heat resistance, thus limiting the screening and breeding of heat-resistant varieties.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is urgently necessary to make innovative designs based on the original methods for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame during flowering period. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period with multi-temperature gradient controls, so as to solve the problem that most of the traditional identification methods proposed in the above background technology adopt a simple high-temperature environment planting method, and the identification operation only sets a single high-temperature temperature point to treat the plants, lacks multi-temperature gradient controls, cannot effectively reflect the true performance of different summer sesame varieties under different degrees of high temperature stress, and is difficult to accurately and comprehensively evaluate their heat resistance, thereby limiting the screening and breeding of heat-resistant varieties.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by multi-temperature gradient control, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select seeds of multiple summer sesame varieties and sow them in 20 nutrient pots of the same specifications, and fill the nutrient pots with an equal amount of high-quality nutrient soil;

[0008] S2. Sow 5 seeds evenly in each nutrient pot, place the nutrient pot in an artificial climate chamber, ensure that the light, water, fertilizer and other conditions are consistent, the relative humidity is 65%, and the water, fertilizer and other conditions are maintained consistent during the planting period;

[0009] S3. When the plants grow to the flowering stage, they are evenly divided into 4 groups and placed in artificial climate chambers with temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C, respectively. The 25°C treatment is used as the control group. Each temperature treatment is set up with 3-5 replicates, with 1 plant in each replicate;

[0010] S4. The selected summer sesame plants were placed in artificial climate chambers of corresponding temperatures for 5-7 days. During the treatment period, the light intensity, humidity and other environmental factors in each climate chamber were kept consistent;

[0011] S5. After the treatment, the pollen vitality, fruit setting rate and yield-related indicators are determined according to the established methods. The heat resistance of each summer sesame variety is comprehensively evaluated and identified based on the structure of each indicator.

[0012] By adopting the above technical scheme and setting up multiple temperature gradient controls, various high temperature scenes in the natural environment are simulated, so as to comprehensively examine the physiological responses of summer sesame varieties during the flowering period.

[0013] Preferably, the culture conditions of the artificial climate chamber of S1 are as follows: temperature 28° C., light duration 14 hours / day, light intensity 30000-40000 lx, and relative humidity 60%-70%.

[0014] The above technical solution is adopted to provide uniform planting conditions for all varieties of summer sesame except for light.

[0015] Preferably, the pollen vigor index of S5 is determined by collecting pollen from flowers and measuring the partitioning vigor by TTC staining method, and calculating the partitioning vigor percentage.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, pollen vitality is detected, and this vitality index reflects the tolerance of plant reproductive capacity to high temperature.

[0017] Preferably, after staining with the TTC staining method, the number of viable pollen grains and the total number of pollen grains are counted under a microscope to calculate the pollen viability percentage, and the measurement is repeated 3 times for each treatment.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the pollen activity index is determined through multiple tests to fully detect the pollen status during the flowering period.

[0019] Preferably, the fruit setting rate of S5 is determined by counting the number of fruits set on each plant and calculating the fruit setting rate, and the formula is:

[0020] Fruit setting rate = (number of fruits set / number of flowers bloomed) × 100%.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, the condition of sesame under different temperature conditions can be quickly determined by measuring the fruit setting rate of the plants, thereby realizing the determination of the heat resistance of sesame.

[0022] Preferably, after the fruit setting rate statistics are completed, the fruit setting of the plants is continuously observed, and the number of flowers and fruits of each plant is counted to calculate the fruit setting rate, and the statistics are repeated 3 times for each treatment.

[0023] Adopt the above technical solution, through.

[0024] Preferably, the yield-related indicators in S5 are measured after the sesame plants mature, and the fruits of each plant are harvested to measure yield-related indicators such as single plant yield and thousand-grain weight, and the measurement is repeated 3 times for each treatment.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the yield of each plant is observed multiple times to improve the stable monitoring of the plant condition, and the yield-related indicators are the ultimate manifestation of the growth and development of the plant.

[0026] Preferably, the determination of the heat resistance of the summer sesame varieties in S5 adopts the membership function method to calculate the membership function values ​​of each indicator of each variety under different temperature gradients.

[0027] By adopting the above technical scheme, the membership function method is used to calculate the membership function value of each indicator of each variety under different temperature gradients, and the membership function value of each indicator is weighted averaged to obtain the comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance of each variety.

[0028] Preferably, the membership function values ​​of the indicators are weighted averaged to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance of each variety, and the heat resistance of each summer sesame variety is evaluated and identified based on the index.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the membership function values ​​of different indicators can objectively reflect the performance of various indicators of the variety under the corresponding temperature gradient, avoiding the subjectivity of human judgment.

[0030] Preferably, in the heat resistance determination calculation, the weights of pollen vigor, fruit setting rate, single plant yield and 1000-grain weight are set to 0.3, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 respectively, and the weighted average is used to calculate the comprehensive heat resistance evaluation index.

[0031] By adopting the above technical scheme and through reasonable weight distribution, the importance of various indicators in reflecting the heat resistance of summer sesame is fully considered. Pollen vigor and fruit setting rate are directly related to the reproductive process of summer sesame and are crucial to yield formation, so they are given higher weights.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for identifying the heat tolerance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls:

[0033] By selecting seeds of multiple summer sesame varieties, sowing them in nutrient pots of the same specifications, cultivating them in an artificial climate chamber, setting temperature gradient treatment, and measuring various indicators, the operation is relatively simple and does not require complex equipment and professional techniques. Then, by simulating different temperature gradients as variables, the summer sesame varieties are stimulated to produce diverse physiological responses, which provides a rich data basis for the accurate identification of heat resistance and effectively avoids the identification errors caused by the single environmental simulation.

[0034] By comprehensively measuring pollen vigor, fruit setting rate and yield-related indicators, multiple indicators can be comprehensively considered from different angles, reducing the one-sidedness and error caused by the measurement of a single indicator. Pollen vigor reflects the tolerance of plant reproductive capacity to high temperature, fruit setting rate directly reflects the results after pollination and fertilization during the flowering period, and yield-related indicators are the ultimate manifestation of plant growth and development, making the identification of summer sesame heat resistance more accurate and reliable.

[0035] Combined with the membership function method, each index is quantitatively analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance is calculated by weighted average, making the evaluation system more scientific and rigorous, and being able to more accurately evaluate the heat resistance of different summer sesame varieties. This identification method is relatively simple in operation and does not require complex instruments and professional technology. The accurate and efficient heat resistance identification method provides strong technical support for the breeding of heat-resistant summer sesame varieties.

[0036] By quickly screening out varieties with strong heat resistance, the breeding process can be accelerated, the breeding cycle can be shortened, and the breeding cost can be reduced. This will help to cultivate more new summer sesame varieties that adapt to high temperature environments, meet the needs of agricultural production to cope with climate change and high temperature stress, thereby stabilizing and improving the yield and quality of summer sesame and ensuring the sustainable development of the sesame industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the operation flow of the heat resistance identification method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for identifying the heat tolerance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period with multi-temperature gradient control;

[0040] Material preparation: Select 5 different summer sesame varieties of seeds, label them as A, B, C, and D, prepare 100 nutrient pots of the same specifications, and fill them with the same amount of nutrient soil;

[0041] Sowing and cultivation: Sow seeds of each variety evenly in 20 nutrient pots, sow 5-6 seeds in each nutrient pot. After sowing, place the nutrient pots in an artificial climate chamber, set the temperature to 28°C, light time 14 hours / day, light intensity 30000-40000lx, relative humidity 60%-70%, and thin out the seedlings when the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, and keep 3 healthy plants in each nutrient pot;

[0042] Temperature gradient treatment: When sesame plants grow to the flowering stage, the plants of each variety are evenly divided into 5 groups and placed in artificial climate chambers with temperatures of 25℃ control group, 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, and 45℃, respectively. Three replicates are set for each temperature treatment, and two plants are placed in each replicate. During the treatment period, the environmental factors such as light intensity and humidity in each climate chamber are kept consistent with those during the cultivation period;

[0043] Index determination:

[0044] Pollen vitality determination: TTC staining method was used for staining. The stained pollen was placed under a microscope for observation. The number of pollen grains with vitality staining and the total number of pollen grains were counted, and the percentage of pollen vitality was calculated.

[0045] Fruit setting rate statistics: Count the number of flowers and fruits of each plant, and calculate the fruit setting rate. The formula is:

[0046] Fruit setting rate = (number of fruits set / number of flowers bloomed) × 100%

[0047] After the fruit setting rate statistics were completed, the fruit setting of the plants was continuously observed, and the number of flowers and fruits of each plant was counted to calculate the fruit setting rate. The statistics were repeated 3 times for each treatment.

[0048] Determination of yield-related indicators: After the sesame plants matured, the fruits of each plant were harvested and the yield per plant, thousand-grain weight and other yield-related indicators were measured. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0049] Heat resistance determination: The membership function method is used to calculate the membership function values ​​of each index of each variety under different temperature gradients. The formula is:

[0050] U(x ij )=(x ij -x jmin ) / (x jmax -x jmin )

[0051] Where U(x ij ) is the membership function value of the jth index of the ith variety, x ij is the measured value of the jth index of the ith variety, x jmin is the minimum value of the jth index of all varieties, x jmax It is the maximum value of the jth index of all varieties.

[0052] The weights of pollen vitality, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and 1000-grain weight were set to 0.3, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.2 respectively, and the weighted average was used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance. The comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance of each variety was obtained, and the heat resistance of each summer sesame variety was evaluated and identified based on the index. The higher the index, the stronger the heat resistance of the variety.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] S1. Select summer sesame variety A seeds and sow them in 20 nutrient pots of the same specifications, and fill the nutrient pots with an equal amount of high-quality nutrient soil;

[0055] S2. Sow 5 seeds evenly in each nutrient pot, place the nutrient pot in an artificial climate chamber, set the temperature to 28°C, light for 14 hours / day, light intensity of 35000lx, relative humidity of 65%, and thin out the seedlings when they grow 3-4 true leaves, leaving 3 healthy plants in each nutrient pot;

[0056] S3. When the plants grow to the flowering stage, they are evenly divided into 4 groups and placed in artificial climate chambers with temperatures of 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃, respectively. 25℃ is used as the control group. Each temperature treatment is set up with 5 replicates, each replicate has 1 plant, and the treatment lasts for 6 days. During this period, the light intensity, humidity, etc. of each climate chamber are kept consistent with those during the cultivation period;

[0057] S4. After the treatment, the pollen viability, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and 1000-grain weight were determined according to the established method. The pollen viability was determined by TTC staining. Pollen was collected at 10 a.m. on the second day after the treatment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0058] The fruit setting rate was continuously observed and counted after the treatment was completed, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the plants matured, the yield per plant and 1000-grain weight were measured, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0059] S5. According to the measurement results, the membership function value of each index is calculated by the membership function method, and the pollen vitality, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and thousand-grain weight are set;

[0060] The weighted average of the summer sesame variety A in this example obtained a comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance of 0.65;

[0061] Example 2

[0062] S1. Select summer sesame variety B seeds and sow them in 20 nutrient pots of the same specifications, and fill the nutrient pots with an equal amount of high-quality nutrient soil;

[0063] S2. Sow 5 seeds evenly in each nutrient pot, place the nutrient pot in an artificial climate chamber, set the temperature to 28°C, light for 14 hours / day, light intensity of 35000lx, relative humidity of 65%, and thin out the seedlings when they grow 3-4 true leaves, leaving 3 healthy plants in each nutrient pot;

[0064] S3. When the plants grow to the flowering stage, they are evenly divided into 4 groups and placed in artificial climate chambers with temperatures of 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃, respectively. 25℃ is used as the control group. Each temperature treatment is set up with 5 replicates, each replicate has 1 plant, and the treatment lasts for 6 days. During this period, the light intensity, humidity, etc. of each climate chamber are kept consistent with those during the cultivation period;

[0065] S4. After the treatment, the pollen viability, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and 1000-grain weight were determined according to the established method. The pollen viability was determined by TTC staining. Pollen was collected at 10 a.m. on the second day after the treatment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0066] The fruit setting rate was continuously observed and counted after the treatment was completed, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the plants matured, the yield per plant and 1000-grain weight were measured, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0067] S5. According to the measurement results, the membership function value of each index is calculated by the membership function method, and the pollen vitality, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and thousand-grain weight are set;

[0068] The weighted average of the heat resistance comprehensive evaluation index of summer sesame variety B in this example is 0.58;

[0069] Example 3

[0070] S1. Select summer sesame variety C seeds and sow them in 20 nutrient pots of the same specifications, and fill the nutrient pots with an equal amount of high-quality nutrient soil;

[0071] S2. Sow 5 seeds evenly in each nutrient pot, place the nutrient pot in an artificial climate chamber, set the temperature to 28°C, light for 14 hours / day, light intensity of 35000lx, relative humidity of 65%, and thin out the seedlings when they grow 3-4 true leaves, leaving 3 healthy plants in each nutrient pot;

[0072] S3. When the plants grow to the flowering stage, they are evenly divided into 4 groups and placed in artificial climate chambers with temperatures of 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃, respectively. 25℃ is used as the control group. Each temperature treatment is set up with 5 replicates, each replicate has 1 plant, and the treatment lasts for 6 days. During this period, the light intensity, humidity, etc. of each climate chamber are kept consistent with those during the cultivation period;

[0073] S4. After the treatment, the pollen viability, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and 1000-grain weight were determined according to the established method. The pollen viability was determined by TTC staining. Pollen was collected at 10 a.m. on the second day after the treatment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0074] The fruit setting rate was continuously observed and counted after the treatment was completed, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the plants matured, the yield per plant and 1000-grain weight were measured, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0075] S5. According to the measurement results, the membership function value of each index is calculated by the membership function method, and the pollen vitality, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and thousand-grain weight are set;

[0076] The weighted average of the heat resistance comprehensive evaluation index of summer sesame variety C in this example is 0.55;

[0077] Example 4

[0078] S1. Select summer sesame variety D seeds and sow them in 20 nutrient pots of the same specifications, and fill the nutrient pots with an equal amount of high-quality nutrient soil;

[0079] S2. Sow 5 seeds evenly in each nutrient pot, place the nutrient pot in an artificial climate chamber, set the temperature to 28°C, light for 14 hours / day, light intensity of 35000lx, relative humidity of 65%, and thin out the seedlings when they grow 3-4 true leaves, leaving 3 healthy plants in each nutrient pot;

[0080] S3. When the plants grow to the flowering stage, they are evenly divided into 4 groups and placed in artificial climate chambers with temperatures of 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃, respectively. 25℃ is used as the control group. Each temperature treatment is set up with 5 replicates, each replicate has 1 plant, and the treatment lasts for 6 days. During this period, the light intensity, humidity, etc. of each climate chamber are kept consistent with those during the cultivation period;

[0081] S4. After the treatment, the pollen viability, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and 1000-grain weight were determined according to the established method. The pollen viability was determined by TTC staining. Pollen was collected at 10 a.m. on the second day after the treatment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0082] The fruit setting rate was continuously observed and counted after the treatment was completed, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the plants matured, the yield per plant and 1000-grain weight were measured, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0083] S5. According to the measurement results, the membership function value of each index is calculated by the membership function method, and the pollen vitality, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and thousand-grain weight are set;

[0084] The weighted average of the heat resistance comprehensive evaluation index of summer sesame variety D in this example is 0.59;

[0085] Comparative Example 1 (single high temperature treatment)

[0086] S1: Select summer sesame variety A seeds, prepare 20 nutrient pots, and fill them with an equal amount of nutrient soil;

[0087] S2: Same as Example 1;

[0088] S3: When the plants grow to the flowering stage, they are divided into two groups, one group is placed in a 25℃ artificial climate chamber, and the other group is placed in a 35℃ artificial climate chamber. Each group has 5 replicates, each replicate has 1 plant, and the treatment lasts for 6 days;

[0089] S4: After the treatment, the pollen vitality, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and 1000-grain weight were measured in the same manner as in Example 1;

[0090] Heat resistance evaluation: Since the data are based on only two temperature points, it is impossible to use the membership function method for comprehensive calculation. We can only simply compare the data of the treatment group and the control group, as shown in the following table:

[0091] Example 1 (30°C) Example 1 (35°C) Example 1 (40°C) Comparative Example 1 Pollen vitality (%) 85％ 88％ 87％ 60％ Fruit setting rate (%) 70％ 80％ 85％ 50％ Yield per plant (g) 15g 17g 16g 10g Thousand-grain weight (g) 3.5g 3.7g 3.8g 3.0g

[0092] Although the performance of various indicators of this variety under a single high temperature treatment of 35°C can preliminarily determine the heat resistance, it cannot accurately evaluate the comprehensive heat resistance under different high temperature levels like a multi-temperature gradient control;

[0093] Comparative Example 2 (Single Index Evaluation)

[0094] S1: Select summer sesame variety B seeds, prepare 20 nutrient pots, and fill them with equal amounts of nutrient soil;

[0095] S2: Same as Example 2;

[0096] S3: As in Example 2, the flowering plants were placed in the artificial climate chambers of the control group at 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C, respectively. Each temperature treatment was repeated 5 times, with 1 plant in each repeat, and the treatment lasted for 6 days.

[0097] S4: only the fruit setting rate is measured;

[0098] Heat tolerance evaluation: The fruit setting rate alone cannot fully reflect the variety's tolerance to high temperatures during flowering. The pollen vitality of this variety may be low under high temperatures, but the fruit setting rate is affected by other factors and cannot accurately reflect its heat tolerance shortcomings, resulting in a deviation in the variety's heat tolerance evaluation.

[0099] Comparative Example 3 (treatment in different temperature ranges)

[0100] S1: Select seeds of summer sesame variety C, prepare 20 nutrient pots, and fill them with an equal amount of nutrient soil.

[0101] S2: Sow 5 seeds in each nutrient pot and place them in an artificial climate chamber with a temperature of 28°C, a light duration of 14 hours / day, a light intensity of 35,000 lx, and a relative humidity of 65%. When the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, thin out the seedlings and keep 3 healthy plants in each pot;

[0102] S3: When the plants entered the flowering period, they were divided into two groups, one of which was set as the control group and placed in an artificial climate chamber at 25°C;

[0103] The other group was the treatment group, which was set at three temperature points, namely 32°C, 34°C, and 36°C, with five replicates at each temperature point and one plant in each replicate. The treatment time was 6 days.

[0104] S4: After the treatment, the pollen vitality was determined by TTC staining. The fruit setting rate was continuously observed and counted after the treatment. The yield per plant and 1000-grain weight were determined after the plants matured. Each indicator was measured three times.

[0105] Heat resistance evaluation: Due to the narrow treatment temperature range, it fails to cover the wider range of high temperature stress. Although it can reflect the heat resistance performance of this variety within a certain temperature range, it is impossible to accurately evaluate its tolerance to extreme high temperatures. The specific data of this comparative ratio are shown in the following table:

[0106] 25℃ 32℃ 34℃ 36℃ Pollen vitality (%) 85％ 85％ 86％ 85％ Fruit setting rate (%) 70％ 71％ 70％ 70％ Yield per plant (g) 15g 15g 15g 15g Thousand-grain weight (g) 3.5g 3.6g 3.6g 3.6g

[0107] Compared with the multi-temperature gradient control (30℃-45℃), this method is not comprehensive enough to evaluate the heat resistance of varieties and cannot provide sufficient information for coping with complex high temperature environments;

[0108] This identification method uses multiple indicators such as pollen vitality, fruit setting rate, and yield-related indicators for comprehensive evaluation. Different indicators reflect the tolerance of summer sesame to high temperatures during the flowering period from different angles, avoiding the one-sidedness caused by a single indicator evaluation. The membership function method is combined to quantify the indicators and the weighted average is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance, making the evaluation system more scientific and rigorous, and being able to more accurately evaluate the heat resistance of different summer sesame varieties.

[0109] By quickly screening out varieties with strong heat resistance, the breeding process can be accelerated, the breeding cycle can be shortened, and the breeding cost can be reduced. This will help to cultivate more new summer sesame varieties that can adapt to high temperature environments and meet the needs of agricultural production in response to climate change and high temperature stress, thereby stabilizing and improving the yield and quality of summer sesame and ensuring the sustainable development of the sesame industry.

[0110] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Select seeds of multiple summer sesame varieties and sow them in 20 nutrient pots of the same specifications, and fill the nutrient pots with an equal amount of high-quality nutrient soil; S2. Sow 5 seeds evenly in each nutrient pot, place the nutrient pot in an artificial climate chamber, ensure that the light, water, fertilizer and other conditions are consistent, the relative humidity is 65%, and the water, fertilizer and other conditions are maintained consistent during the planting period; S3. When the plants grow to the flowering stage, they are evenly divided into 4 groups and placed in artificial climate chambers with temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C, respectively. The 25°C treatment is used as the control group. Each temperature treatment is set up with 3-5 replicates, with 1 plant in each replicate; S4. The selected summer sesame plants were placed in artificial climate chambers of corresponding temperatures for 5-7 days. During the treatment period, the light intensity, humidity and other environmental factors in each climate chamber were kept consistent; S5. After the treatment, the pollen vitality, fruit setting rate and yield-related indicators are determined according to the established methods. The heat resistance of each summer sesame variety is comprehensively evaluated and identified based on the structure of each indicator.

2. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture conditions of the artificial climate chamber of S1 are as follows: temperature 28° C., light duration 14 hours / day, light intensity 30000-40000 lx, and relative humidity 60%-70%.

3. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollen vitality index of S5 is determined by collecting pollen from flowers and measuring the partition vitality by TTC staining method, and calculating the partition vitality percentage.

4. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 3, characterized in that: After staining by the TTC staining method, the number of viable pollen grains and the total number of pollen grains were counted under a microscope to calculate the pollen viability percentage, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

5. The method for identifying heat tolerance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by multi-temperature gradient control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fruit setting rate of S5 is determined by counting the number of fruits set on each plant and calculating the fruit setting rate, and the formula is: Fruit setting rate = (number of fruits set / number of flowers bloomed) × 100%.

6. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the fruit setting rate statistics were completed, the fruit setting of the plants was continuously observed, and the number of flowers and fruits of each plant was counted to calculate the fruit setting rate. The statistics were repeated 3 times for each treatment.

7. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The yield-related indicators in S5 are measured after the sesame plants mature. The fruits of each plant are harvested and the yield-related indicators such as single plant yield and thousand-grain weight are measured. Each treatment is repeated 3 times.

8. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat resistance of the summer sesame varieties in S5 is determined by using a membership function method to calculate the membership function values ​​of various indicators of each variety under different temperature gradients.

9. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 8, characterized in that: The membership function values ​​of the indicators are weighted averaged to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index of heat resistance of each variety, and the heat resistance of each summer sesame variety is evaluated and identified based on the index.

10. The method for identifying the heat resistance of summer sesame varieties during flowering period by using multiple temperature gradient controls according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the heat resistance determination calculation, the weights of pollen vigor, fruit setting rate, single plant yield, and 1000-grain weight were set to 0.3, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.2, respectively, and the weighted average was used to calculate the comprehensive heat resistance evaluation index.

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