A Fast Spectrum Reconstruction Device and Method Based on an Acousto-Optic Deflector

Abstract

The present invention provides a fast spectral reconstruction device and method based on an acousto-optic deflector. The device includes an acousto-optic deflector, an acousto-optic deflector driver, a light-passing slit unit, a single-pixel detector, and a data acquisition circuit. The acousto-optic deflector is arranged on the transmission path of the sample spectral signal to be measured and is used to encode the sample spectral signal under the action of the acousto-optic deflector driver. The fast spectral reconstruction device and method based on an acousto-optic deflector provided by the present invention adopt an acousto-optic deflector as an encoding device and a single-pixel detector as a detector, effectively improving the spectral reconstruction speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of spectral reconstruction, and particularly relates to a fast spectral reconstruction device and method based on an acousto-optic deflector. Background Art

[0002] Computational spectral reconstruction technology has great application potential due to its advantages such as compactness, high resolution, and large measurement bandwidth. Computational spectral reconstruction technology mainly includes three parts: a spectral encoder, a detector, and a spectral reconstruction algorithm. The existing computational spectral reconstruction technologies mainly include the following four types: The first is spatial spot type computational spectral reconstruction. In this method, a random medium is used to spatially encode the incident light spot, a CCD camera is used as the detector, and the spectrum is reconstructed through a transfer matrix, a principal component analysis algorithm, or a machine learning algorithm. The disadvantage of this method is that since the two-dimensional spatial domain light spot is measured by a CCD, its speed is limited by the frame rate of the CCD, generally only kHz. The second is spatial response type computational spectral reconstruction. In this method, filters or detector arrays with different spectral responses are used for spatial encoding, a detector array is used as the detector, and the spectrum is reconstructed through a transfer matrix. The disadvantage of this method is that due to the use of a detector array, the number of detectors is limited under the condition of a small system size, so it is difficult to achieve a large dynamic range. The third is time-domain spot type computational spectral reconstruction. This method uses Rayleigh scattering in a single-mode fiber for encoding, a single-pixel detector is used to measure the Rayleigh scattering light intensity at different positions in the single-mode fiber, and the spectrum is reconstructed through a transfer matrix method or a cross-correlation algorithm. The disadvantage of this method is that the time-domain light spot is obtained through a scanning mechanism, and the speed is limited by the scanning speed. The fourth is time-domain response type computational spectral reconstruction. In this method, the spectral response of a single detector is changed or encoded through a spatial light modulator, a single-pixel detector is used to measure the intensity under each encoding, and the spectrum is reconstructed through a transfer matrix method. The measurement speed of this method depends on the speed of the encoding device, generally several kHz. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a fast spectral reconstruction device and method based on an acousto-optic deflector, which can effectively solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] The present invention provides a fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector, including an acousto-optic deflector (6-1), an acousto-optic deflector driver (6-2), a light-passing slit unit (6-5), a single-pixel detector (6-9), and a data acquisition circuit (6-10);

[0006] The acousto-optic deflector (6-1) is disposed on the transmission path of the sample spectral signal (5) to be measured, and is used to encode the sample spectral signal (5) under the action of the acousto-optic deflector drive (6-2) to obtain an encoded spectral signal, and output a zero-order transmitted light and a first-order diffracted light; wherein, the transmission directions of the spectral components in the zero-order transmitted light are the same as the incident light direction incident on the acousto-optic deflector (6-1), and the spectral components in the first-order diffracted light have different angular offsets from the incident light direction and have a frequency shift with respect to the corresponding spectral components in the zero-order transmitted light.

[0007] The light-passing slit unit (6-5) is disposed on the transmission path of the first-order diffracted light of the acousto-optic deflector (6-1), and the light-passing slit unit (6-5) has a light-passing slit matching the target first-order diffracted light, so that the spectral components meeting a specific angle pass through the light-passing slit, and other first-order diffracted lights are blocked by the light-passing slit unit (6-5).

[0008] The single-pixel detector (6-9) is disposed on the transmission path of the light-passing slit of the light-passing slit unit (6-5), and is used to detect the spectral signal of the target first-order diffracted light passing through the light-passing slit unit (6-5).

[0009] The data acquisition circuit (6-10) is connected to the single-pixel detector (6-9), and is used to acquire the spectral signal of the target first-order diffracted light detected by the single-pixel detector (6-9), and reconstruct the sample spectral signal (5) according to the acousto-optic deflector drive signal of the acousto-optic deflector (6-1).

[0010] Preferably, a light blocker (6-4) is further included; the light blocker (6-4) is disposed on the transmission path of the zero-order transmitted light output by the acousto-optic deflector (6-1).

[0011] Preferably, a sample spectral signal excitation unit is further included; the sample spectral signal excitation unit includes a detection light source (1), a beam splitter (2), an objective lens (3), and a sample to be measured (4).

[0012] The detection light source (1) is used to emit a detection beam; the beam splitter (2) is arranged on the transmission path of the detection beam; the objective lens (3) is arranged on the transmission light path of the beam splitter (2), and the sample to be measured (4) is arranged at the focal plane position of the objective lens (3) to excite the sample to be measured (4) to generate the sample spectral signal (5), which is reflected by the beam splitter (2) to form the sample spectral signal (5) to be measured incident on the reconstruction spectral analyzer (6).

[0013] The present invention further provides a spectral reconstruction method for the above-mentioned fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector, including the following steps:

[0014] Step S1, assume that the sample spectral signal (5) to be detected has N sample spectral components, expressed as [λ1, λ2, λ3....λ N ;

[0015] Step S2, according to the number N of the sample spectral components to be detected, determine the transfer matrix of the corresponding order , the transfer matrix is an N*N square matrix, and moreover, the transfer matrix is only composed of two elements, 0 and 1;

[0016] Step S3, each row of the transfer matrix generates a driving signal. Therefore, N driving signals can be generated, and the N driving signals are successively connected to the acousto-optic deflector drive (6-2);

[0017] Step S4, during the transmission of the sample spectral signal (5) to be measured, the acousto-optic deflector drive (6-2) successively applies the N driving signals to the acousto-optic deflector (6-1). The acousto-optic deflector (6-1) encodes the sample spectral signal (5) according to the driving signal to obtain an encoded spectral signal;

[0018] The encoding method is: according to the element value in each driving signal, determine whether to load the corresponding sample spectral component, that is: if the first element value in the driving signal is 1, load the sample spectral component λ1; if the first element value in the driving signal is 0, do not load the sample spectral component λ1; if the second element value in the driving signal is 1, load the sample spectral component λ2; if the second element value in the driving signal is 0, do not load the sample spectral component λ2, and so on, to determine whether to load [λ1, λ2, λ3....λ N , and the loaded sample spectral components form an encoded spectral signal;

[0019] Step S5, after the acousto-optic deflector (6-1) encodes the sample spectral signal (5), an encoded spectral signal is obtained, and the zero-order transmitted light and the first-order diffracted light are output;

[0020] Step S6, the light-passing slit unit (6-5) filters the first-order diffracted light to allow the spectral components that meet a specific angle to pass through the light-passing slit;

[0021] Step S7, the single-pixel detector (6-9) detects the first-order diffracted light passing through the light-passing slit to obtain a detected spectral signal R = [R1, R2, R3....R N , and transmits it to the data acquisition circuit (6-10);

[0022] Step S8, the data acquisition circuit (6-10) uses the following formula to obtain the sample spectral signal (5):

[0023] ;

[0024] This step ends.

[0025] Preferably, N is an integer multiple of 2 or 4, and the transmission matrix is:

[0026] (1) Determine the initial transmission matrix :

[0027] ;

[0028] (2) Replace the element -1 in the initial transmission matrix with 0 to obtain the transmission matrix .

[0029] The fast spectral reconstruction device and method based on an acousto-optic deflector provided by the present invention have the following advantages: The fast spectral reconstruction device and method based on an acousto-optic deflector provided by the present invention use an acousto-optic deflector as an encoding device and a single-pixel detector as a detector, effectively improving the spectral reconstruction speed. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 is the structural diagram of the fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is the implementation case diagram of the fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is another implementation case diagram of the fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector provided by the present invention.

[0033] Among them: 1 is the detection light source, 2 is the beam splitter, 3 is the objective lens, 4 is the sample to be measured, 5 is the sample spectral signal, 6 is the reconstructed spectral analyzer, 6-1 is the acousto-optic deflector, 6-2 is the acousto-optic deflector driver, 6-3 is the zero-order transmitted light, 6-4 is the light blocker, 6-5 is the light passing slit, 6-6 is the first diffracted light interference light, 6-7 is the second diffracted light interference light, 6-8 is the target first-order diffracted light, 6-9 is the single-pixel detector, 6-10 is the data acquisition circuit; 7 is the concave total reflector, 8 is the beam expander, 9 is the beam combiner, 10 is the beam splitter, 11 is the spatial light modulator, 12 is the beam splitting / combining device, 13 is the microscopic objective lens, 14 is the filter, 15 is the focusing lens. Detailed Embodiments

[0034] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0035] The present invention provides a fast spectral reconstruction method based on an acousto-optic deflector. By using the acousto-optic deflector as a spectral encoding device, the spectral encoding speed and spectral reconstruction speed can be effectively improved.

[0036] Refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector, including an acousto-optic deflector 6-1, an acousto-optic deflector driver 6-2, a slit unit 6-5, a single-pixel detector 6-9, and a data acquisition circuit 6-10;

[0037] The acousto-optic deflector 6-1 is arranged on the transmission path of the sample spectral signal 5 to be measured, and is used to encode the sample spectral signal 5 under the action of the acousto-optic deflector driver 6-2 to obtain an encoded spectral signal, and output a zero-order transmitted light 6-3 and a first-order diffracted light; wherein, the transmission directions of the spectral components in the zero-order transmitted light 6-3 are the same as the incident light direction incident on the acousto-optic deflector 6-1, and the spectral components in the first-order diffracted light have different angular offsets from the incident light direction and have a frequency shift from the corresponding spectral components in the zero-order transmitted light 6-3; it further includes a light blocker 6-4; the light blocker 6-4 is arranged on the transmission path of the zero-order transmitted light 6-3 output by the acousto-optic deflector 6-1. By setting the light blocker 6-4, the optical signal directly transmitted through the acousto-optic deflector 6-1 is recycled.

[0038] The slit unit 6-5 is arranged on the transmission path of the first-order diffracted light of the acousto-optic deflector 6-1, and the slit unit 6-5 has a slit matching the target first-order diffracted light, so that the spectral components meeting a specific angle pass through the slit, and other first-order diffracted lights are blocked by the slit unit 6-5; as Figure 1 , the first diffracted light interference light 6-6 and the second diffracted light interference light 6-7 are interfering diffracted lights and are blocked by the slit unit 6-5, and only the target first-order diffracted light 6-8 passes through the slit.

[0039] The following effects are achieved through the acousto-optic deflector 6-1 and the slit unit 6-5: by changing the frequency components in the driving signal of the acousto-optic deflector 6-1, the spectral components passing through the slit unit 6-5 are changed to realize the encoding of the measured optical signal.

[0040] The single-pixel detector 6-9 is disposed on the optical transmission path of the optical slit unit 6-5, and is used to detect the spectral signal of the target first-order diffracted light passing through the optical slit unit 6-5, specifically, the optical power encoded and passing through the optical slit unit 6-5.

[0041] The data acquisition circuit 6-10 is connected to the single-pixel detector 6-9, and is used to collect the spectral signal of the target first-order diffracted light detected by the single-pixel detector 6-9, and reconstruct the sample spectral signal 5 according to the acousto-optic deflector drive signal of the acousto-optic deflector 6-1.

[0042] Refer to Figure 2 , in practical applications, it further includes a sample spectral signal excitation unit; the sample spectral signal excitation unit includes a detection light source 1, a beam splitter 2, an objective lens 3, and a sample to be measured 4;

[0043] The detection light source 1 is used to emit a detection beam; the beam splitter 2 is arranged on the transmission path of the detection beam; the objective lens 3 is arranged on the transmission light path of the beam splitter 2, and the sample to be measured 4 is arranged at the focal plane position of the objective lens 3 to excite the sample to be measured 4 to generate the sample spectral signal 5, which is reflected by the beam splitter 2 to form the sample spectral signal 5 to be measured incident on the reconstructed spectral analyzer 6.

[0044] Specifically, for the detection light source 1, the output beam passes through the beam splitter 2 and is then focused on the sample to be measured 4 by the objective lens 3, and the sample spectral signal 5 collected by the objective lens 3 is reflected by the beam splitter 2 and then incident on the reconstructed spectral analyzer 6.

[0045] The sample spectral signal 5 first passes through the acousto-optic deflector 6-1. When the acousto-optic deflector drive 6-2 outputs a drive signal, the sample spectral signal 5 is encoded by the acousto-optic deflector 6-1 and is divided into a zero-order transmitted light 6-3, a first diffracted light interference light 6-6, a second diffracted light interference light 6-7, and a target first-order diffracted light 6-8; among them, the zero-order transmitted light 6-3 is recovered by the light blocker 6-4, the first diffracted light interference light 6-6 and the second diffracted light interference light 6-7 are blocked by the optical slit 6-5, and the target first-order diffracted light 6-8 passes through the optical slit 6-5 and then is incident on the single-pixel detector 6-9, and the output signal of the single-pixel detector 6-9 is connected to the data acquisition circuit 6-10.

[0046] When the output drive signal of the acousto-optic deflector drive 6-2 changes, the spectral components of the target first-order diffracted light 6-8 change, and spectral encoding is realized by changing the output signal of the acousto-optic deflector drive 6-2. Since the acousto-optic deflector can reach the encoding speed of the megahertz level, the spectral reconstruction speed can reach the megahertz level. When the sample spectral signal 5 changes dynamically, the reconstructed spectral analyzer 6 can perform dynamic measurement.

[0047] A fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector provided by the present invention uses an acousto-optic device to achieve spectral encoding and builds a reconstructed spectral analyzer based on the acousto-optic device.

[0048] The present invention also provides a spectral reconstruction method for a fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector, including the following steps:

[0049] Step S1, assume that the sample spectral signal 5 to be detected has N sample spectral components, expressed as [λ1, λ2, λ3....λ N ;

[0050] Step S2, according to the number N of sample spectral components to be detected, determine the transfer matrix of the corresponding order , the transfer matrix is an N*N square matrix, and moreover, the transfer matrix is only composed of two elements, 0 and 1;

[0051] As a preferred method, N is an integer multiple of 2 or 4, and the transfer matrix is:

[0052] (1) Determine the initial transfer matrix :

[0053] ;

[0054] (2) Replace the element -1 in the initial transfer matrix with 0 to obtain the transfer matrix .

[0055] The number of symbol changes in each row of the transfer matrix is called the column rate of the row. Each row in the transfer matrix has a unique column rate. The column rate measures the rate of change of the function, similar to the sine basis function of the Fourier transform. Since the overall characteristics of the spectral information are distributed in the low-frequency signal and the detailed characteristics are distributed in the high-frequency characteristics, the overall characteristics of the spectrum can be solved by only performing encoding measurements with a low column rate, realizing compressed computational spectral measurement, thereby further improving the spectral measurement speed. For example, if the order of the transfer matrix is N, only the rows with column rates <N / 2, <N / 4, <N / 8 are used for spectral encoding, and the spectral measurement speed can be increased by 2, 4, 8 times.

[0056] Step S3, each row of the transfer matrix generates a driving signal. Therefore, N driving signals can be generated, and the N driving signals are sequentially connected to the acousto-optic deflector drive 6-2;

[0057] Step S4, during the transmission of the spectral signal 5 of the sample to be measured, the acousto-optic deflector driver 6-2 sequentially applies N driving signals to the acousto-optic deflector 6-1, and the acousto-optic deflector 6-1 encodes the sample spectral signal 5 according to the driving signal to obtain an encoded spectral signal;

[0058] The encoding method is: according to the element value in each driving signal, determine whether to load the corresponding sample spectral component, that is: if the first element value in the driving signal is 1, load the sample spectral component λ1, if the first element value in the driving signal is 0, do not load the sample spectral component λ1; if the second element value in the driving signal is 1, load the sample spectral component λ2, if the second element value in the driving signal is 0, do not load the sample spectral component λ2, and so on, to determine whether to load [λ1, λ2, λ3....λ N , and the loaded sample spectral components form an encoded spectral signal;

[0059] Step S5, after the acousto-optic deflector 6-1 encodes the sample spectral signal 5, an encoded spectral signal is obtained, and the zero-order transmitted light and the first-order diffracted light are output;

[0060] Step S6, the through-slit unit 6-5 filters the first-order diffracted light to allow the spectral components that meet a specific angle to pass through the through-slit;

[0061] Step S7, the single-pixel detector 6-9 detects the first-order diffracted light passing through the through-slit to obtain a detected spectral signal R = [R1, R2, R3....R N , and transmits it to the data acquisition circuit 6-10;

[0062] Step S8, the data acquisition circuit 6-10 uses the following formula to obtain the sample spectral signal 5:

[0063] ;

[0064] This step ends.

[0065] The transmission matrix adopted by the present invention is an N*N square matrix, and moreover, the transmission matrix is only composed of two elements 0 and 1, with a simple structure, which is beneficial to further improving the encoding speed of the acousto-optic deflector, thereby improving the spectral reconstruction speed.

[0066] By using the acousto-optic deflector 6-1 and the single-pixel detector 6-9 provided by the present invention, various spectral measurement instruments can be realized in combination with other optical devices. For example, such as Figure 3As shown in the figure, it is a case diagram of a radio frequency - tagged monochromatic light implementation depth - resolution technology based on an acousto - optic deflector 6 - 1 and a single - pixel detector 6 - 9 provided by an embodiment of the present invention for measuring a layered sample.

[0067] A detection light source 1, the output light of which is divided into a zero - order transmitted light and a first - order diffracted light after passing through the acousto - optic deflector 6 - 1. Among them, the zero - order transmitted light propagates along the incident light direction, and the propagation direction of the first - order diffracted light deflects. When the acousto - optic deflector 6 - 1 is loaded with driving signals of multiple frequencies, multiple beams of first - order diffracted light are generated. The frequency of each beam of first - order diffracted light has a frequency shift relative to the incident light, and the frequency shift amount is equal to the frequency of the corresponding driving signal of the acousto - optic deflector 6 - 1.

[0068] A concave total - reflecting mirror 7 is used to reflect the first - order diffracted light. The distance between it and the acousto - optic deflector 6 - 1 is equal to its focal length, and the first - order diffracted light becomes parallel light after being reflected by the concave total - reflecting mirror 7.

[0069] A beam expander 8 is used to expand the zero - order transmitted light. The expanded zero - order transmitted light and the reflected first - order diffracted light are combined by a beam combiner 9 to generate beat frequencies. After beat - frequency generation, the amplitude modulation frequencies of each combined light are different, thus realizing radio - frequency tagging. Each beam of beat - frequency light is reflected by a beam splitter 10 to different pixel units of a spatial light modulator 11, and different wavefront modulations are performed on each beam of beat - frequency light by setting the gray levels of each pixel unit of the spatial light modulator 11. The modulated beat - frequency light passes through the beam splitter 10, is reflected by a beam splitting / combining device 12, and then is focused onto different layers of the layered sample by a microscope objective 13. The microscope objective 13 simultaneously collects the signal light generated by each layer of the layered sample. Each signal light passes through the beam splitting / combining device 12 and a filter 14, and then is focused onto a single - pixel detector 6 - 9 by a lens 15. The filter 14 is used to filter out stray light other than the signal light. The single - pixel detector 6 - 9 simultaneously measures the signal light generated by each layer at one time. Since the radio - frequency frequency of each signal light corresponds one - to - one with the radio - frequency frequency of its excitation light, depth resolution can be performed according to the radio - frequency frequency of the signal light.

[0070] The effects that can be achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0071] (1) The spectral encoding speed can reach the order of megahertz.

[0072] The present invention uses an acousto - optic deflector as a spectral encoding device, and realizes encoding by changing the driving signal of the acousto - optic deflector to generate different spectral responses. Since the refresh speed of the driving signal can reach the order of megahertz, the encoding speed can reach the order of megahertz.

[0073] (2) The spectral reconstruction speed can reach the order of megahertz.

[0074] The present invention uses an acousto-optic deflector as an encoding device, whose speed can reach the order of megahertz, a single-pixel detector as a detector, whose measurement bandwidth is greater than megahertz; and the transmission matrix method is used to solve the spectrum, whose speed can also reach the order of megahertz; therefore, the spectrum reconstruction speed of the present invention can reach the order of megahertz.

[0075] (3) Large dynamic range and high resolution

[0076] In the present invention, the measurement bandwidth of the acousto-optic deflector can reach several hundred nanometers, and the resolution of the encoding method and the spectrum solving method can be less than 1 nm. Therefore, the dynamic range of the present invention is of the order of 103.

[0077] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector, characterized in that It includes an acousto-optic deflector (6-1), an acousto-optic deflector driver (6-2), a light-passing slit unit (6-5), a single-pixel detector (6-9), and a data acquisition circuit (6-10); The acousto-optic deflector (6-1) is arranged on the transmission path of the sample spectral signal (5) to be measured, and is used to encode the sample spectral signal (5) under the action of the acousto-optic deflector driver (6-2) to obtain an encoded spectral signal, and output zero-order transmitted light and first-order diffracted light; among them, the transmission directions of the spectral components in the zero-order transmitted light are the same as the incident light direction incident on the acousto-optic deflector (6-1), and the spectral components in the first-order diffracted light have different angular offsets from the incident light direction and have a frequency shift with respect to the corresponding spectral components in the zero-order transmitted light; The light-passing slit unit (6-5) is arranged on the transmission path of the first-order diffracted light of the acousto-optic deflector (6-1), and the light-passing slit unit (6-5) has a light-passing slit matching the target first-order diffracted light, so that the spectral components meeting a specific angle pass through the light-passing slit, and other first-order diffracted lights are blocked by the light-passing slit unit (6-5); The single-pixel detector (6-9) is arranged on the transmission path of the light-passing slit of the light-passing slit unit (6-5), and is used to detect the spectral signal of the target first-order diffracted light passing through the light-passing slit unit (6-5); The data acquisition circuit (6-10) is connected to the single-pixel detector (6-9), and is used to collect the spectral signal of the target first-order diffracted light detected by the single-pixel detector (6-9), and reconstruct the sample spectral signal (5) according to the acousto-optic deflector driving signal of the acousto-optic deflector (6-1); The spectral reconstruction method of the fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector includes the following steps: Step S1, assume that the spectral signal (5) of the sample to be detected has N sample spectral components, expressed as [λ1, λ2, λ3....λ N ; Step S2: Determine the transfer matrix of the corresponding order according to the number N of spectral components of the sample to be detected , the transfer matrix is an N×N square matrix, and the transfer matrix is only composed of two elements, 0 and 1; N is an integer multiple of 2 or 4, and the transmission matrix is as follows: (1)Determine the initial transmission matrix : ； (2) Replace the element -1 in the initial transmission matrix to obtain the transmission matrix ; Step S3, transmission matrix Each row of the matrix generates a driving signal. Therefore, N driving signals can be generated and are sequentially connected to drive the acousto-optic deflector (6-2). Step S4, during the transmission of the sample spectral signal (5) to be measured, the acousto-optic deflector driver (6-2) sequentially applies N driving signals to the acousto-optic deflector (6-1), and the acousto-optic deflector (6-1) encodes the sample spectral signal (5) according to the driving signal to obtain an encoded spectral signal; The encoding method is as follows: according to the element values in each of the said drive signals, determine whether to load the corresponding sample spectral component, that is: if the first element value in the said drive signal is 1, then load the sample spectral component λ1, if the first element value in the said drive signal is 0, then do not load the sample spectral component λ1; if the second element value in the said drive signal is 1, then load the sample spectral component λ2, if the second element value in the said drive signal is 0, then do not load the sample spectral component λ2, and so on, to determine whether to load [λ1, λ2, λ3....λ N , and the loaded sample spectral components form an encoded spectral signal; Step S5, after the acousto-optic deflector (6-1) encodes the sample spectral signal (5), an encoded spectral signal is obtained, and zero-order transmitted light and first-order diffracted light are output; Step S6, the light-passing slit unit (6-5) filters the first-order diffracted light to make the spectral components meeting a specific angle pass through the light-passing slit; Step S7, the single-pixel detector (6-9) detects the first-order diffracted light passing through the light-transmitting slit to obtain a detected spectral signal R = [R1, R2, R3....R N , and transmits it to the data acquisition circuit (6-10); Step S8, the data acquisition circuit (6-10) uses the following formula to obtain the sample spectral signal (5): ； This step ends.

2. The fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector according to claim 1, wherein, It further includes a light blocker (6-4); the light blocker (6-4) is arranged on the transmission path of the zero-order transmitted light output by the acousto-optic deflector (6-1).

3. The fast spectral reconstruction device based on an acousto-optic deflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a sample spectral signal excitation unit; the sample spectral signal excitation unit includes a detection light source (1), a beam splitter (2), an objective lens (3), and a sample to be measured (4); The detection light source (1) is used to emit a detection light beam; the beam splitter (2) is arranged on the transmission path of the detection light beam; the objective lens (3) is arranged on the transmission light path of the beam splitter (2), and the measured sample (4) is arranged at the focal plane position of the objective lens (3) to excite the measured sample (4) to generate the sample spectral signal (5), which is reflected by the beam splitter (2) to form the sample spectral signal (5) to be measured that is incident on the reconstructed spectral analyzer (6).

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