Well gun saturation excitation time-space relation design method and device and well gun excitation implementation method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a well gun saturation excitation space-time relation design method and device and a well gun excitation implementation method and device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a single-shot seismic record of a work area; gridding the single-shot seismic record, determining seismic signal energy of each grid, obtaining energy attenuation change data after single-shot excitation, comparing the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, and determining an energy interference area and a non-interference area; on the basis of the determined time-space T-D inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, a T-D curve of well shot saturation excitation is determined; and realizing the saturation excitation of the well gun by using the T-D curve of the saturation excitation of the well gun. According to the method, the energy attenuation of the single shot can be quantitatively estimated, the interference minimization of adjacent shots can be guaranteed to the maximum extent, the adjacent excitation time interval is compressed in a controllable range through space time change, higher construction efficiency is obtained, and good technical support is provided for the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition era.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a design of time-space relationship of well-gun saturation excitation, and a method and device for realizing well-gun excitation. Background Art

[0002] Since the advent of the 3D seismic node acquisition era, the node resource configuration is large and the seismic data acquisition operation cycle is short, which puts higher requirements on the 3D seismic saturation excitation acquisition technology. In farmland and grassland areas with good terrain, the dynamic sliding scanning technology of controlled vibrator is used for construction, and the acquisition efficiency has been greatly improved. However, the loess mountain area is limited by the gully-filled terrain of the loess plateau, and controlled vibrator construction cannot be used. Only traditional well-gun excitation can be used. This excitation method mainly uses fixed time intervals for excitation, and waits for the excitation energy to dissipate before exciting the next shot. This makes it difficult for the well-gun excitation acquisition method to achieve saturated excitation acquisition, which is a major pain point for blocks that urgently need seismic data to support oil and gas development.

[0003] In the past, the well-shot excitation method of 2D seismic exploration achieved adjacent well-shot excitation by controlling the time interval. In theory, when the time interval between well-shot excitation is less than the recording time, the seismic wave energy of the data collected by adjacent single shots interferes with each other, forming aliased single shots, and the data cannot be truly separated. However, this situation where the time interval is less than the recording time does not exist in the actual exploration process. When the time interval between well-shot excitation is greater than the recording time, the data of the previous single shot can be separated, but its seismic wave energy is always propagating downward, and the energy is also decaying, affecting the next shot. If only the excitation time interval is considered, it is actually "waiting", waiting for the energy of the previous shot to decay to ensure that the next shot is no longer interfered, which is not advisable in saturation excitation acquisition.

[0004] For 3D seismic exploration saturation excitation acquisition, it is generally achieved by controlling the spatial distance, that is, the propagation path. In 3D seismic exploration saturation excitation, the time-space relationship, that is, the TD curve, is an important function of the relationship between the time interval and the spatial distance, and is also the basis for achieving efficient saturation excitation acquisition. This is an interchange principle, which is more about using space to exchange time to achieve efficient acquisition. Saturation excitation acquisition can adopt synchronous excitation and asynchronous excitation. When synchronous excitation is adopted, the principle is that the spatial distance between two adjacent shots does not produce energy interference on the effective reflection of the deepest target layer. The main consideration is the synchronous excitation of two adjacent shots, and how large the spatial distance is to avoid interference with the deepest target layer; when asynchronous excitation is adopted, it is necessary to ensure that the reflection information of the next shot for more than 3s is not interfered, so the spatial distance needs to be further increased. This method is not advisable in efficient acquisition. If the spatial distance is shortened and the excitation time interval is extended for the next shot, the degree of energy interference of the next shot cannot be quantified.

[0005] That is to say, when the spatial distance and time interval between adjacent shots are not appropriate, energy interference will easily occur between them, affecting the quality of seismic data. Only by reasonably designing the TD curve and reasonably selecting the spatial distance and time interval between well shots based on the TD curve, and minimizing the seismic wave interference between adjacent shots, can high-quality seismic data be obtained. Summary of the invention

[0006] The inventor of this application found that in the prior art, the design of TD curves purely considers the interference effect of adjacent shots from the perspective of seismic wave kinematics, that is, the energy propagation path, and most of them formulate TD curves by qualitatively judging the degree of interference, without quantitatively and scientifically designing TD curves. Therefore, energy interference between adjacent shots cannot be avoided during saturation excitation acquisition of wells and shots, and high-quality seismic data cannot be obtained. How to quantitatively and scientifically design TD curves to achieve saturation excitation of wells and shots while ensuring the quality of seismic data is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a well-gun saturation excitation time-space relationship design, well-gun excitation implementation method and device that overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing the time-space relationship of well gun saturation excitation, comprising:

[0009] Based on the seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area, a single shot seismic record of the work area is obtained; the single shot seismic record includes seismic records of different offsets and different recording times;

[0010] The single-shot seismic records are gridded, and the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single-shot excitation;

[0011] Compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, and determine the interference area where the seismic signal energy in the energy attenuation change data is greater than the background noise threshold and the non-interference area where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold;

[0012] Based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation is determined;

[0013] The above background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the work areas are divided according to geological conditions and surface conditions, and a time-space domain energy attenuation test is performed on each work area.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the single shot seismic record is gridded, and the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined to obtain energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation, including:

[0016] The single shot seismic record is divided into multiple grids, the size of the grid is n×m, n represents the shot offset, and m represents the time;

[0017] The seismic signal energy of each grid is determined by the following formula: Where N is the total number of sample points in a seismic trace, x i is the energy value corresponding to the i-th sample point, X rms is the seismic signal energy of each grid;

[0018] Based on the seismic signal energy of each grid, energy attenuation change data after single shot excitation is obtained, and the energy attenuation change data is represented by a scatter plot.

[0019] In some optional embodiments, the process of determining the background noise threshold includes:

[0020] Detect the background noise signal in the working area before the initial arrival;

[0021] Divide the background noise signal into grids and determine the background noise energy of each grid;

[0022] The average background noise energy of the work area is obtained according to the background noise energy of each grid, which is used as the background noise threshold.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, based on the determined time-distance TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region and the recording range of the next shot, the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation is determined, including:

[0024] Based on the determined TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region;

[0025] According to the TD inflection point, the TD interference curve is determined;

[0026] Based on the recording range of the next shot, the TD interference curve is optimized and adjusted to obtain the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation. The recording range of the next shot refers to the preset offset range of the next shot.

[0027] In some optional embodiments, the above method, when synchronous excitation is adopted, further includes:

[0028] Collect existing seismic data in the work area, pick up refracted waves on the existing seismic data, and determine the travel time of refracted waves;

[0029] Based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data, determine the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer;

[0030] The TD relationship curve of synchronous excitation well-gun is determined according to the travel time of the refracted wave and the minimum spatial distance.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, picking up refracted waves on existing seismic data and determining the travel time of the refracted waves includes:

[0032] Obtain refraction wave data on existing seismic data;

[0033] Based on the refracted wave data, the travel time of the refracted wave is determined according to the following formula: Where x is the offset, h is the formation thickness, θ is the incident angle, and v m is the velocity of the underlying stratum, and v is the velocity of the overlying stratum.

[0034] In some optional embodiments, the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer is determined based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data, including:

[0035] The minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer is determined according to the following formula: d x =t m ·v m +offset max , where d x is the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer, t m is the refracted wave travel time, v m is the velocity of the underlying formation, offset max is the maximum offset between adjacent guns.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, comprising:

[0037] Based on the predetermined TD curve, the spatial distance and time interval of adjacent well-gun excitation are selected to implement the well-gun excitation operation;

[0038] The TD curve is obtained by using the above-mentioned time-space relationship design method of well-gun saturation excitation.

[0039] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for designing the time-space relationship of a well gun saturation excitation, comprising:

[0040] A data acquisition module is used to acquire single-shot seismic records of the work area based on seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area; the single-shot seismic records include seismic records of different offsets and different recording times;

[0041] The data processing module is used to grid the single shot seismic records and determine the seismic signal energy of each grid to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation;

[0042] The time-space relationship determination module is used to compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determine the interference area where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and the non-interference area where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold in the energy attenuation change data; based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, determine the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation.

[0043] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, comprising:

[0044] The device for designing the time-space relationship of the well gun saturation excitation as claimed in claim 10;

[0045] The well-gun excitation implementation module is used to select the spatial distance and time interval of adjacent well-gun excitations based on a predetermined TD curve and implement the well-gun excitation operation.

[0046] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium storing computer executable instructions. When the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor, a method for designing the time-space relationship of well-gun saturation excitation and / or a method for realizing well-gun saturation excitation can be implemented.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, a method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-gun saturation excitation and / or a method for realizing well-gun saturation excitation is implemented.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0049] The present invention provides a design of time-space relationship of well-gun saturation excitation, a method and device for realizing well-gun excitation, by obtaining single-shot seismic records in a work area; gridding the single-shot seismic records, and determining the seismic signal energy of each grid, obtaining energy attenuation change data after single-shot excitation, comparing the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, and determining the energy interference area and non-interference area; based on the determined time-space TD inflection point of the interference area and non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, determining the TD curve of well-gun saturation excitation. According to the energy attenuation in the time-space domain, the TD curve is quantitatively calculated and determined, which can greatly improve the well-gun acquisition efficiency while ensuring the quality of seismic data, shorten the well-gun acquisition time, and provide strong technical support for obtaining better seismic data quality and improving production efficiency.

[0050] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the time-space relationship design method of well gun saturation excitation in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a single shot seismic record in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a scatter plot of energy attenuation changes in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an energy interference region and a non-interference region in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 It is a scatter plot of energy change data of a three-dimensional project in a loess mountain area in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the TD curve of the well gun saturation excitation in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for designing the time-space relationship of the well gun saturation excitation in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the method for designing the time-space relationship of synchronous well-gun excitation in the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0062] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of interference between adjacent guns in Embodiment 3 of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0063] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of interference between adjacent guns in Embodiment 3 of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0064] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the synchronous excitation interference of adjacent guns in the third embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0066] In the prior art, the design of TD curves considers the interference effect of adjacent shots purely from the perspective of seismic wave kinematics, that is, the energy propagation path, without considering the influence of the upper shot on the lower shot. Moreover, most of them formulate TD curves by qualitatively judging the degree of interference, without quantitatively and scientifically designing TD curves. Therefore, energy interference between adjacent shots cannot be avoided during saturation excitation acquisition of well shots, and high-quality seismic data cannot be obtained.

[0067] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that the interference effect of adjacent guns is only considered from the perspective of energy propagation paths, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-gun saturation excitation, and realizing well-gun excitation. The above method and device quantitatively design TD curves to realize well-gun saturation excitation, which can greatly improve the well-gun acquisition efficiency while ensuring the quality of seismic data, shorten the well-gun acquisition time, and provide strong technical support for obtaining better seismic data quality and improving production efficiency.

[0068] Embodiment 1

[0069] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for designing the time-space relationship of well gun saturation excitation, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0070] Step S101: Obtain single-shot seismic records of the work area.

[0071] Preferably, based on the seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area, a single shot seismic record of the work area is obtained, and the single shot seismic record includes seismic records with different offsets and different recording time lengths;

[0072] Preferably, the work area is divided according to the actual geological conditions of the work area. For example, the work area can be divided into a farmland grassland area with good terrain, a loess plateau gully area with crisscrossing landforms, and a mountainous area with rugged terrain, etc. For each work area, a time-space domain energy decay test is performed to obtain a single-shot seismic record of the work area. The above-mentioned single-shot seismic record can be a seismic record of a super-array single shot with a time length of 30-60s and a maximum offset of 15-30km.

[0073] Step S102: grid the single shot seismic record, determine the seismic signal energy of each grid, and obtain energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation.

[0074] Preferably, the single shot seismic record is divided into multiple grids, the size of the grid is n×m, n represents the shot offset, and m represents the time; n and m in the grid can be selected as needed, for example: n defaults to 1km, and m defaults to 1s. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The horizontal axis is the offset of a single shot, and the vertical axis is the time of a single shot. Figure 2 The energy changes can also be seen in the figure. The dark area is the strong energy area of ​​the single shot, and the light area is the weak energy area of ​​the single shot.

[0075] Preferably, the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined by the following formula:

[0076]

[0077] Where N is the total number of sample points in a seismic trace, x i is the energy value corresponding to the i-th sample point, X rms is the seismic signal energy of each grid;

[0078] There are multiple sample points in a seismic trace. The energy value of each sample point is determined, and then the energy value of each sample point in each seismic trace is calculated according to the above formula to determine the root mean square energy of the seismic trace. This root mean square energy is taken as the root mean square energy of a grid, that is, the seismic signal energy of a grid. The seismic signal energies of the remaining grids are also calculated according to the above method to determine the seismic signal energy of each grid.

[0079] Based on the seismic signal energy of each grid, the energy attenuation change data after single shot excitation is obtained. The attenuation change data can intuitively reflect the energy attenuation change of the single shot after single shot excitation. The energy attenuation change data is represented by a scatter plot, and the following is obtained: Figure 3 A scatter plot of energy decay changes is shown. Figure 3 The horizontal axis is the offset, and the vertical axis is the recording time. Figure 3 The point in each grid represents the seismic signal energy of the grid, and the curve in the figure represents the changing trend of energy. The left side of the curve is the strong energy area, and the right side of the curve is the weak energy area.

[0080] Step S103: Determine the energy interference region and the non-interference region.

[0081] Preferably, the seismic signal energy of each grid is compared with a predetermined background noise threshold to determine interference areas in the energy attenuation change data where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and non-interference areas where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold.

[0082] Preferably, the background noise threshold is determined as follows:

[0083] Detect the background noise signal in the working area before the initial arrival;

[0084] Divide the background noise signal into grids and determine the background noise energy of each grid;

[0085] The average background noise energy of the work area is obtained according to the background noise energy of each grid, which is used as the background noise threshold.

[0086] The above background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival. The calculation of background noise is similar to the calculation of seismic signal energy. The above formula (1) can be used to calculate the root mean square energy of the background noise of each grid as the background noise energy of each grid.

[0087] Energy interference region and non-interference region refer to Figure 4 As shown, in Figure 4 In the interference area, the energy of the single shot is relatively strong. If the next shot is excited in the strong energy area of ​​the single shot, energy interference will inevitably occur, affecting the quality of seismic data, failing to achieve saturation excitation, and being detrimental to the efficient acquisition of seismic records. Therefore, the saturation excitation of the next shot must be implemented in the energy non-interference area of ​​the previous shot.

[0088] Step S104: Based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation is determined.

[0089] Preferably, the TD inflection point is located at an energy point on the boundary between the interference region and the non-interference region, see Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the point on the curve in the scatter plot is the TD inflection point. Based on the determination of the TD inflection point, the TD interference curve is determined, and the TD inflection points are connected. The curve formed by the TD inflection points is called the interference curve. The interference curve represents the trend of energy change. The interference curve is also Figure 3 , Figure 4 The curve in .

[0090] Preferably, based on the recording range of the next shot, the TD interference curve is optimized and adjusted to obtain the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation, and the recording range of the next shot refers to the preset offset range of the next shot.

[0091] This embodiment takes a 3D project of a loess mountain area in the Ordos Basin as an example to design the TD curve of the work area. The specific design process is as follows:

[0092] The background noise of the loess mountain is recorded in advance by seismic instruments and the background noise threshold is determined to be at the energy level of 0.00002; the background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival.

[0093] A time-space energy decay experiment was conducted in the work area. Well shot excitation was used, and the detector received seismic records. The received shot offset arrangement length was 20km, and the seismic instrument recording time was 30s. A single shot seismic record of 20km*30s was obtained in the work area.

[0094] The single-shot seismic record is divided into 1km*1s grid units, and the seismic signal energy value of the grid unit is obtained to obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single-shot excitation, and the energy attenuation change trend is quantitatively expressed. The energy change data of each grid is represented by a scatter plot. Figure 5 The seismic signal energy of each grid is compared with the predetermined background noise threshold, and the interference area where the seismic signal energy in the energy attenuation change data is greater than the background noise threshold and the non-interference area where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold are determined, and the point at the boundary between the interference area and the non-interference area is determined as the TD inflection point, for example Figure 5 0km-18s, 3km-13s, 7km-6s and 9km-0s are all TD inflection points. The TD interference curve is determined according to the TD inflection point. The interference curve represents the trend of energy change. For the TD interference curve, see Figure 5 The curve in .

[0095] Based on the next shot recording range, the next shot recording range refers to the preset offset range of the next shot, and the TD interferometer curve is optimized and adjusted. In this embodiment, the preset offset recording range of the next shot is 4 km. Figure 5 The positions indicated by the arrows, 0Km-18s, 7Km-13s, 11Km-6s, 13Km-0s are the adjusted TD inflection points. According to these TD inflection points, the interference curve is optimized to obtain the TD curve of the well gun saturation excitation. The TD curve of the well gun saturation excitation can be found in Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The horizontal axis represents the offset, and the vertical axis represents the recording time. Figure 5 The TD inflection point after adjustment is obtained, and the curve obtained is the TD curve of the saturated excitation of the well gun. The area formed by the TD curve and the coordinate axis is regarded as the single-shot excitation area that does not conform to the set TD curve. Therefore, the saturated excitation of the next shot cannot be carried out in the single-shot excitation area that does not conform to the set TD curve.

[0096] In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to data from a loess mountain work area, and the seismic signal energy value of the gridded data is calculated. According to the calculation results, it can be seen that the energy is strong and decays slowly within the offset range of 0-3Km. As the offset increases, the energy decays rapidly. At this time, it is suitable to exchange space for time, compress the time interval between adjacent excitations within a controllable range, and improve the acquisition efficiency.

[0097] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for designing the time-space relationship of well gun saturation excitation. The device can be set in a device capable of executing computer instructions. The structure of the device is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, including:

[0098] The data acquisition module 10 is used to acquire the single-shot seismic records of the work area based on the seismic records collected within the preset offset range and the preset recording time range after the single-shot excitation in the work area; the single-shot seismic records include seismic records with different offsets and different recording time lengths;

[0099] The data processing module 11 is used to grid the single shot seismic record, determine the seismic signal energy of each grid, and obtain the energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation;

[0100] The time-space relationship determination module 12 is used to compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determine the interference area where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and the non-interference area where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold in the energy attenuation change data; based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, determine the TD curve of the well gun saturation excitation.

[0101] Regarding the time-space relationship design device for well-gun saturation excitation in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0102] The above method and device of this embodiment can be applied to the TD curve design of synchronously excited well guns, and can also be applied to the TD curve design of asynchronously excited well guns. By obtaining the single-shot seismic record of the work area, the single-shot seismic record is gridded, and the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined, the energy attenuation change data after the single-shot excitation is obtained, and the seismic signal energy of each grid is compared with the predetermined background noise threshold to determine the energy interference area and the non-interference area. Finally, based on the determined time-space TD inflection point of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, the TD curve of the saturated excitation of the well gun is determined. This method adopts quantitative estimation of the energy attenuation of a single shot, thereby maximizing the minimization of interference from adjacent guns, and by exchanging space for time, the time interval between adjacent excitations is compressed within a controllable range to obtain greater construction efficiency, which provides good technical support for the era of three-dimensional seismic node acquisition.

[0103] Embodiment 2

[0104] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for implementing a time-space relationship design of synchronous well-gun excitation, the process of which is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0105] Step S201: Collect existing seismic data in the work area, pick up refracted waves from the existing seismic data, and determine the travel time of the refracted waves.

[0106] Preferably, refraction wave data is obtained on existing seismic data;

[0107] Based on the refracted wave data, the travel time of the refracted wave is determined according to the following formula:

[0108]

[0109] Where x is the offset, h is the formation thickness, θ is the incident angle, and v m is the velocity of the underlying stratum, and v is the velocity of the overlying stratum.

[0110] Step S202: Determine the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data.

[0111] Preferably, the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer is determined according to the following formula:

[0112] d x =t m ·vm +offset max (3)

[0113] Among them, d x is the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer, t m is the refracted wave travel time, v m is the velocity of the underlying formation, offset max is the maximum offset between adjacent guns.

[0114] Step S203: Determine the synchronous excitation well-gun TD relationship curve according to the travel time of the refracted wave and the minimum spatial distance.

[0115] According to step S201 and step S202, a correct synchronous well-gun excitation time-space relationship curve can be obtained, but the method has low calculation accuracy for asynchronous well-gun excitation, and is usually not used to design the TD curve of asynchronous well-gun excitation.

[0116] Embodiment 3

[0117] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a specific implementation process of a method for realizing saturation excitation of well guns, including: based on a predetermined TD curve, selecting a spatial distance and a time interval between adjacent well gun excitations, and implementing a well gun excitation operation.

[0118] According to the determined TD curve of well-shot excitation, indoor simulation verification is carried out. Taking a three-dimensional project of a loess mountain in the Ordos Basin in Example 1 as an example, according to the determined TD curve of well-shot excitation in the loess mountain, a dynamic simulation of the next shot excitation is carried out. The simulation results of the interference of adjacent shot excitation are shown as follows: Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 As shown above Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 The darker area is a strong energy area, which has a strong energy interference on the next shot; the lighter area is a weak energy interference area, where the energy is close to the background noise and has almost no energy interference on the next shot; Fig.10 The next shot is fired asynchronously when the offset is 7 km and the recording time is 13 s. The horizontal axis represents the offset and the vertical axis represents the recording time. Fig.10 It can be seen from the figure that when the next shot is fired at 7km-13s, when the energy of the next shot reaches the energy zone of the previous shot, there is no difference between the interference energy of the adjacent shot and the background noise. It can be determined that it is reasonable to fire the next shot at 7km-13s. Fig.11 The next shot is fired asynchronously when the offset is 11 km and the recording time is 6 s. The horizontal axis represents the offset and the vertical axis represents the recording time. Fig.11It can be seen from the figure that when the next shot is excited at 11km-6s, when the energy of the next shot reaches the energy area of ​​the previous shot, there is no difference between the interference energy of the adjacent shots and the background noise, so it can be determined that it is reasonable to excite the next shot at 11km-6s. Fig.12 For the synchronous excitation of adjacent well guns, the horizontal axis represents the gun offset, and the vertical axis represents the recording time. When synchronously exciting, it is only necessary to determine the spatial range within which the two adjacent guns are excited so that no energy interference will occur. Fig.12 As shown, the two shots are synchronously fired at 13km-0s. After the two adjacent shots are fired, the energy decays downward. When the energies of the two shots meet, the energy at this time is not much different from the background noise. Therefore, the synchronous firing of the two adjacent shots at 13km-0s will not produce energy interference. Through these three indoor simulation verification experiments, it can be seen that there is no difference between the interference energy of the adjacent shots and the background noise in the main target layer. The time-space relationship design method of the well shot saturation excitation of the present invention is feasible, which can solve the drawbacks of the well shot excitation TD curve design in the existing technology and provide good technical support for the era of 3D seismic node acquisition.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, which can be set in a device capable of executing computer instructions. The structure of the device is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown:

[0120] The time-space relationship design device 21 of the well gun saturation excitation in the first embodiment;

[0121] The well-blasting excitation implementation module 22 is used to select the spatial distance and time interval between adjacent well-blasting excitations based on a predetermined TD curve and implement the well-blasting excitation operation.

[0122] Regarding the device for realizing saturation excitation of well guns in the above-mentioned embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0123] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer storage medium, in which computer executable instructions are stored. When the computer executable instructions are executed by a processor, a method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-gun saturation excitation and / or a method for realizing well-gun saturation excitation can be implemented.

[0124] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, a method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of well-gun saturation excitation and / or a method for realizing well-gun saturation excitation is implemented.

[0125] Unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as processing, computing, calculating, determining, displaying, etc. may refer to the actions and / or processes of one or more processing or computing systems, or similar devices, which operate and convert data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within registers or memories of a processing system into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within memories, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices of the processing system. Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0126] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process can be rearranged without departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The attached method claims present the elements of the various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0127] In the above detailed description, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment to simplify the disclosure. This method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are clearly stated in each claim. On the contrary, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is in a state of having less than all the features of the disclosed individual embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can all be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above around their functions. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware or software depends on specific applications and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. A skilled person can implement the described functions in an alternative manner for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0129] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments herein may be directly embodied as hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software module may be located in a RAM memory, a flash memory, a ROM memory, an EPROM memory, an EEPROM memory, a register, a hard disk, a mobile disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and can write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the storage medium may be located in an ASIC. The ASIC may be located in a user terminal. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may also be present in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0130] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. These software codes can be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor. In the latter case, it is coupled to the processor in a communication manner via various means, which are well known in the art.

[0131] The above description includes examples of one or more embodiments. Of course, it is impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods for the purpose of describing the above embodiments, but it should be recognized by those skilled in the art that the various embodiments may be further combined and arranged. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims. In addition, with respect to the term "comprising" used in the specification or claims, the word is covered in a manner similar to the term "including", just as "including," is explained as a transitional word in the claims. In addition, any term "or" used in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or".

Claims

1. A method for designing the time-space relationship of well gun saturation excitation, characterized in that: include: Based on the seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area, a single shot seismic record of the work area is obtained; Single-shot seismic records include seismic records with different shot offsets and different recording durations; Gridding the single shot seismic record, and determining the seismic signal energy of each grid, to obtain energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation; Compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, and determine the interference area where the seismic signal energy in the energy attenuation change data is greater than the background noise threshold and the non-interference area where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold; Determine the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot; The background noise threshold is the average value of the background noise energy of all grids before the first arrival.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The work areas are divided according to the geological and surface conditions, and energy attenuation tests in the time-space domain are carried out for each work area.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The single shot seismic record is gridded, and the seismic signal energy of each grid is determined to obtain energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation, including: Dividing the single shot seismic record into a plurality of grids, the size of the grid is n×m, n represents the shot offset, and m represents the time; The seismic signal energy of each grid is determined by the following formula: Where N is the total number of sample points in a seismic trace, x i is the energy value corresponding to the i-th sample point, X rms is the seismic signal energy of each grid; Based on the seismic signal energy of each grid, energy attenuation change data after single shot excitation is obtained, and the energy attenuation change data is represented by a scatter plot.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The process of determining the background noise threshold comprises: Detect the background noise signal in the working area before the initial arrival; Dividing the background noise signal into grids to determine the background noise energy of each grid; The average background noise energy of the work area is obtained according to the background noise energy of each grid, which is used as the background noise threshold.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation based on the determined time-distance TD inflection point of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot includes: Based on the determined TD inflection points of the interference region and the non-interference region; Determining a TD interference curve according to the TD inflection point; Based on the next shot recording range, the TD interference curve is optimized and adjusted to obtain the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation, and the next shot recording range refers to the preset offset range of the next shot.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the case of synchronous excitation, it also includes: Collect existing seismic data in the work area, pick up refracted waves on the existing seismic data, and determine the travel time of refracted waves; Determine the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer based on the underlying stratum velocity and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data; The synchronous excitation well-gun TD relationship curve is determined according to the travel time of the refracted wave and the minimum spatial distance.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The picking up of the refraction wave on the existing seismic data and determining the travel time of the refraction wave comprises: Obtain refraction wave data on existing seismic data; Based on the refracted wave data, the travel time of the refracted wave is determined according to the following formula: Where x is the offset, h is the formation thickness, θ is the incident angle, and v m is the velocity of the underlying stratum, and v is the velocity of the overlying stratum.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The method of determining the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference with the target layer based on the velocity of the underlying stratum and the maximum offset of adjacent shots included in the existing seismic data includes: The minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer is determined according to the following formula: d x =t m ·v m +offset max , where d x is the minimum spatial distance between adjacent shots without interference to the target layer, t m is the refracted wave travel time, v m is the velocity of the underlying formation, offset max is the maximum offset between adjacent guns.

9. A method for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, characterized in that: include: Based on the predetermined TD curve, the spatial distance and time interval of adjacent well-gun excitation are selected to implement the well-gun excitation operation; The TD curve is obtained by using the time-space relationship design method of well gun saturation excitation according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A device for designing the time-space relationship of well gun saturation excitation, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module is used to acquire single-shot seismic records of the work area based on seismic records collected within a preset offset range and a preset recording time range after a single shot is fired in the work area; the single-shot seismic records include seismic records of different offsets and different recording times; A data processing module is used to grid the single shot seismic record, determine the seismic signal energy of each grid, and obtain energy attenuation change data after the single shot excitation; The time-space relationship determination module is used to compare the seismic signal energy of each grid with a predetermined background noise threshold, determine the interference area where the seismic signal energy is greater than the background noise threshold and the non-interference area where the seismic signal energy is not greater than the background noise threshold in the energy attenuation change data; based on the determined time-space TD inflection points of the interference area and the non-interference area and the recording range of the next shot, determine the TD curve of the well shot saturation excitation.

11. A device for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun, characterized in that: include: The device for designing the time-space relationship of the well gun saturation excitation as claimed in claim 10; The well-gun excitation implementation module is used to select the spatial distance and time interval of adjacent well-gun excitations based on a predetermined TD curve and implement the well-gun excitation operation.

12. A computer storage medium, characterized in that: The computer storage medium stores computer executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the time-space relationship design method for well-gun saturation excitation as described in any one of claims 1-8 and / or implement the well-gun saturation excitation implementation method as described in claim 9.

13. A computer device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for designing the spatiotemporal relationship of saturation excitation of a well gun as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 and / or the method for realizing saturation excitation of a well gun as described in claim 9 are implemented.

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