An anti-heave support system for subway expansion

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-heave design, and particularly to an anti-heave support system for subway expansion and construction, including: a geological model analysis module, a feature analysis module, an anti-heave support module, a data recording module, and an early warning module. The geological model analysis module determines the subway influence area and obtains deformation information; the feature analysis module determines the insertion position and depth of the anchor rod based on the deformation information; the anti-heave support module determines the prestress of the anchor rod, the stress change amount, and the stress compensation amount in combination with various factors; the data recording module stores various types of data and establishes a stress compensation model; the early warning module issues an emergency warning when the height of the anchor rod changes or the deformation rate is abnormal. The cooperation of each module ensures the safety of subway expansion and construction. The present invention significantly improves the construction efficiency, support effect, monitoring and early warning ability, and data management level of subway expansion projects, while enhancing construction flexibility and effectively reducing project costs and safety risks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-uplift design, and in particular to an anti-uplift support system for subway expansion and construction. Background Art

[0002] In the field of civil engineering, soil stability control is crucial, especially in projects under complex geological conditions, such as deep foundation pit excavation, underground tunnel construction, and subway construction. These projects often face complex geological conditions, changing construction environments, and strict safety requirements. To ensure the safety and stability of the project, effective soil support and stability control are necessary. In highly sensitive underconsolidated areas, especially near high-protection-level buildings such as subways, deep foundation pit excavation can impact the surrounding environment. Often, soil rebound causes uplift in the area near the foundation pit, affecting the structural safety of structures such as urban rail transit and increasing operational risks. These projects often face complex geological conditions, changing construction environments, and strict safety requirements. To ensure the safety and stability of the project, the impact of foundation pit excavation on the surrounding environment must be minimized.

[0003] During the excavation of deep foundation pits, the stress state of the soil will decrease due to the reduction of vertical load, and the stress release will cause the soil to rebound vertically and bulge, which will cause the vertical or curvature of the track to exceed the standard, which may seriously cause safety accidents.

[0004] At present, in terms of anti-uplift control of foundation pits, the impact is generally reduced by dividing the excavation area into compartments, but this often results in a significant increase in construction period and project costs.

[0005] Although existing technologies have achieved certain results in combating soil uplift during subway expansion, some technical issues remain. First, while the traditional method of reducing excavation area by compartmentalizing the excavation area can control foundation pit uplift, it significantly increases construction time and costs, placing a heavy burden on manpower and material resources, as well as the impact on the surrounding environment and traffic. Existing monitoring methods lack accuracy and real-time performance, making it difficult to accurately obtain key deformation information under complex geological conditions, posing risks to anti-uplift support decision-making. Anchor design and construction lack flexibility and precision, failing to fully consider geological characteristics and real-time deformation, making it difficult to effectively resist soil uplift in complex strata. Existing technologies struggle to comprehensively consider the coupling effects of multiple factors, including building loads, groundwater level fluctuations, and construction vibrations, resulting in insufficiently targeted and effective anti-uplift support measures. Furthermore, the data management and analysis system is imperfect, with data stored in a decentralized manner and lacking effective management. This makes it difficult to fully tap into the value of data and adjust support plans in a timely manner based on monitoring data, limiting the optimization and development of the technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, the present invention provides an anti - heave support system for subway expansion.

[0007] The present invention provides an anti - heave support system for subway expansion, comprising:

[0008] A geological model analysis module, which is used to determine the subway influence area corresponding to the current expansion excavation area, and obtain the deformation information of the subway influence area. The deformation information includes the maximum allowable deformation value, the deformation rate, the deformation amount, and the height change of each anchor rod in the excavation area;

[0009] A feature analysis module, which is connected to the geological model analysis module, and is used to conduct a feature comparison and analysis on the deformation information of the subway influence area, and preliminarily determine the insertion position and insertion depth of the anchor rods;

[0010] An anti - heave support module, which is respectively connected to the geological model analysis module and the feature analysis module, and is used to preliminarily determine the prestress and stress change amount of each anchor rod according to the position of the central anchor rod in the current expansion excavation area combined with the deformation information, and determine the stress compensation amount according to the effective prestress in the historical data;

[0011] A data recording module, which is respectively connected to the geological model analysis module, the anti - heave support module and the feature analysis module, and sets up an information acquisition database, an adjustment database and an integration database; The information acquisition database is used to store the expansion excavation area determined by each expansion excavation and the corresponding deformation information and the preliminary insertion information of the anchor rods. The adjustment database is used to store the prestress and stress change amount of each anchor rod. The integration database is used to establish a stress compensation model according to all the deformation information, prestress and stress change amount, and store the effective prestress and the corresponding deformation information;

[0012] An early warning module, which is connected to the geological model analysis module, and is used to issue an emergency anti - heave compensation warning under the condition that the height change of the anchor rod is monitored to be abnormal or the deformation rate of the subway influence area is abnormal.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the anti - heave support system for subway expansion, the geological model analysis module includes:

[0014] A surface monitoring unit, which is used to monitor the deformation positions of all subway areas, determine the subway influence area in combination with the current expansion excavation area, and obtain the maximum allowable subway deformation value and the deformation rate in the subway influence area;

[0015] An anchor rod monitoring unit, which is connected to the surface monitoring unit, and is used to monitor the height change of the anchor rods in the current expansion excavation area.

[0016] As an optimal technical solution for the anti - heave support system in subway expansion, the feature analysis module divides the subway - affected area into several identical analysis areas and screens out the analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions;

[0017] Among them, the expansion stability condition is that the deformation rate is lower than the preset deformation rate and the height changes of each anchor rod are within the allowable range of height change.

[0018] As an optimal technical solution for the anti - heave support system in subway expansion, the feature analysis module determines the insertion quantity of the anchor rods according to the number of analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions;

[0019] The feature analysis module determines the initial insertion depth according to the deformation rate of the analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions.

[0020] As an optimal technical solution for the anti - heave support system in subway expansion, the anti - heave support module determines the central anchor rod according to the range of the current expansion excavation area and the number of anchor rods included in the current expansion excavation area,

[0021] The anti - heave support module determines the prestress of each anchor rod according to the relative position relationship between each anchor rod and the central anchor rod, the height change of each anchor rod, and in combination with the deformation rate.

[0022] As an optimal technical solution for the anti - heave support system in subway expansion, the anti - heave support module determines the stress change amount according to the difference in prestress determined by the adjacent two current expansion excavation areas.

[0023] As an optimal technical solution for the anti - heave support system in subway expansion, the data recording module determines whether the current stress compensation meets the standard according to the prestress of each anchor rod and the corresponding stress change amount in the subway - affected area corresponding to the current expansion excavation area;

[0024] If the stress change amount is greater than the stress compensation amount, it is determined that the current stress compensation does not meet the standard;

[0025] If the stress change amount is less than or equal to the stress compensation amount, it is determined that the current stress compensation meets the standard, which is recorded as the effective prestress.

[0026] As an optimal technical solution for the anti - heave support system in subway expansion, the data recording module stores the effective prestress corresponding to the stress compensation not meeting the standard and the corresponding deformation information into the integrated database and replaces the original prestress data, as the initial selection for determining the stress compensation amount based on the deformation information of the subsequent same subway - affected area.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution of the anti - heave support system for subway expansion, under the condition that the effective prestress is used continuously for several times to determine the stress compensation amount as the prestress, the determination data recording module completes the recording of the deformation information and stress compensation amount in the current subway influence area.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the anti - heave support system for subway expansion, the early warning module judges whether to issue an emergency anti - heave compensation warning according to the standard height change of each anchor rod, the deformation rate in the subway influence area and the maximum allowable deformation value;

[0029] If the height change of each anchor rod is greater than the corresponding standard height change, or the expected deformation amount in the subway influence area is greater than the maximum allowable deformation value, the early warning module judges to issue an emergency anti - heave compensation warning.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion of the present invention accurately obtains the deformation information of the subway influence area through the geological model analysis module. The feature analysis module dynamically adjusts the insertion position and depth of the anchor rods accordingly to achieve precise support. The anti - heave support module combines the position of the central anchor rod and the deformation information to reasonably determine the prestress and stress change amount of each anchor rod, and optimizes the stress compensation amount based on historical data to improve the support effect. The data recording module integrates the monitoring data of each time, establishes a stress compensation model, intelligently judges whether the stress compensation meets the standard, optimizes the prestress data, and improves the accuracy of the model. The early warning module monitors the height change of the anchor rods and the deformation rate in the subway influence area in real time, and issues an emergency warning in a timely manner in combination with the maximum allowable deformation value to ensure the construction safety. The present invention significantly improves the construction efficiency, support effect, monitoring and early warning ability and data management level of the subway expansion project. At the same time, it enhances the construction flexibility, effectively reduces the project cost and safety risks, and provides a comprehensive, efficient and intelligent anti - heave support solution for the subway expansion project.

[0031] In particular, the anti - heave support system for subway expansion realizes precise support design through the feature analysis module by dynamically adjusting the insertion number and initial insertion depth of the anchor rods according to the number and deformation rate of the analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions. This design not only improves the flexibility and adaptability of the support system, but also can effectively cope with various complex working conditions, ensuring the safety and stability of the construction process. During the implementation process, the initial insertion depth is determined according to the difference in the direction of the deformation rate that does not meet the preset value. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures the flexibility and adaptability of the support system and can effectively cope with various complex working conditions.

[0032] In particular, the data recording module of the anti - uplift support system for subway expansion has the ability to intelligently judge whether the stress compensation meets the standard. By comparing the stress change amount with the stress compensation amount, it accurately determines and records the effective prestress, providing a reliable basis for subsequent work. As the excavation progresses, the stress of each monitoring anchor is different. Using the data obtained from each monitoring to generate a stress compensation model, the expected stress can be obtained according to the model, so as to accurately calculate the stress compensation amount. If the stress compensation does not meet the standard, the effective prestress and deformation information will be stored in the integrated database and the original data will be updated, thereby continuously optimizing the model, improving the expected accuracy, and reducing the stress application error. In addition, when the anti - uplift support module determines the stress compensation amount as the prestress using the effective prestress for several consecutive times, it determines that the data recording module has completed the stress and compensation record of the deformation information in the current subway influence area. This can not only ensure that the stress compensation model is within the normal range under different expansion stages and different soil material usage conditions, but also reduce unnecessary repeated calculations, lower the system computing power consumption, and improve the processing speed of other data while ensuring safety, achieving the efficient operation of the system while ensuring the safe operation of the subway.

[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti - uplift support system for subway expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the geological model analysis module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a logic diagram for determining the initial number of anchor rod insertions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is a logic diagram for whether the current stress compensation meets the standard according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of this specification, the descriptions with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 as shown, which is a schematic structural diagram of the anti - heave support system for subway expansion in the embodiment of the present invention; the present invention provides an anti - heave support system for subway expansion, which is characterized by including:

[0042] A geological model analysis module, which is used to determine the subway influence area corresponding to the current expansion excavation area, and obtain the deformation information of the subway influence area. The deformation information includes the maximum allowable deformation value, deformation rate, deformation amount, and the height change of each anchor rod in the excavation area;

[0043] A feature analysis module, which is connected to the geological model analysis module, and is used to perform feature comparison and analysis on the deformation information of the subway influence area to preliminarily determine the insertion position and insertion depth of the anchor rod;

[0044] An anti - heave support module, which is respectively connected to the geological model analysis module and the feature analysis module, and is used to preliminarily determine the prestress and stress change amount of each anchor rod according to the position of the central anchor rod in the current expansion excavation area in combination with the deformation information, and determine the stress compensation amount according to the effective prestress in the historical data;

[0045] The data recording module is respectively connected to the geological model analysis module, the anti - uplift support module and the feature analysis module, and is provided with an information acquisition database, an adjustment database and an integration database; the information acquisition database is used to store the expansion excavation areas determined by each expansion excavation and the corresponding deformation information, as well as the preliminary insertion information of the anchor rods; the adjustment database is used to store the prestress and stress change amounts of each anchor rod; the integration database is used to establish a stress compensation model based on all the deformation information, prestress and stress change amounts, and store the effective prestress and the corresponding deformation information;

[0046] The warning module is connected to the geological model analysis module and is used to issue an emergency anti - uplift compensation warning under the condition that the abnormal change in the height of the anchor rod or the abnormal deformation rate in the subway - affected area is monitored.

[0047] The preliminary insertion information of the anchor rods stored in the information acquisition database is the insertion position and the insertion depth.

[0048] The integration database, based on machine - learning methods, such as using machine - learning algorithms like support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), neural network, etc., trains a model according to historical data to predict the stress compensation amount. Establishing a stress compensation model based on all the deformation information, prestress and stress change amount is prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0049] In implementation, the present invention does not limit the specific structures of the feature analysis module, the anti - uplift support module and the data recording module, which can be composed of logic components. The logic components include a field - programmable processor, a computer and the micro - processor in the computer.

[0050] The anti - uplift support system for subway expansion of the present invention accurately obtains the deformation information of the subway - affected area through the geological model analysis module. The feature analysis module dynamically adjusts the insertion position and depth of the anchor rods accordingly to achieve precise support. The anti - uplift support module combines the position of the central anchor rod and the deformation information to reasonably determine the prestress and stress change amounts of each anchor rod, and optimizes the stress compensation amount based on historical data to improve the support effect. The data recording module integrates the monitoring data of each time, establishes a stress compensation model, intelligently judges whether the stress compensation meets the standard, optimizes the prestress data, and improves the accuracy of the model. The warning module real - time monitors the change in the height of the anchor rod and the deformation rate in the subway - affected area, and issues an emergency warning in a timely manner in combination with the maximum allowable deformation value to ensure construction safety. The present invention significantly improves the construction efficiency, support effect, monitoring and warning ability and data management level of the subway expansion project. At the same time, it enhances the construction flexibility, effectively reduces the project cost and safety risks, and provides a comprehensive, efficient and intelligent anti - uplift support solution for the subway expansion project.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 2As shown in the figure, it is a schematic structural diagram of the geological model analysis module of the embodiment of the present invention. The geological model analysis module includes:

[0052] A surface monitoring unit for monitoring the deformation positions of all subway areas, determining the subway influence area in combination with the current expansion and excavation area, and obtaining the maximum allowable deformation value and deformation rate within the subway influence area;

[0053] An anchor rod monitoring unit connected to the surface monitoring unit for monitoring the height change of the anchor rods within the current expansion and excavation area.

[0054] In implementation, the deformation positions of the subway area are monitored by geodetic surveying method and remote sensing surveying method. For example, by using a level to provide a horizontal line of sight, measuring the height difference between two points, and then calculating the elevation of the point to be determined, the vertical deformation information of the subway area can be obtained by comparing the elevation data at different times. Or a total station can be used to measure angles and distances simultaneously. By measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the characteristic points in the subway area and comparing the coordinate data at different times, the deformation position and deformation amount can be determined.

[0055] For the remote sensing surveying method, synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) can be used. By using the interference principle of radar waves, two or more radar images of the same area are processed to obtain the surface micro-deformation information, which can monitor the deformation of the subway area over a large range. The monitoring methods for the deformation rate and deformation amount are existing technologies, and the selected methods and operation steps are not specifically limited in actual use and will not be elaborated here.

[0056] In this embodiment, the deformation amount includes vertical deformation amount and horizontal deformation amount, and the deformation rate includes vertical change rate and horizontal change rate;

[0057] When it is determined that the cumulative value of the vertical deformation amount reaches 4 mm, it is determined to be in the subway influence area; when the vertical change rate reaches 2 mm / d, it is determined to be in the subway influence area; when the cumulative value of the horizontal deformation amount reaches 3 mm, it is determined to be in the subway influence area; when the horizontal change rate reaches 1 mm / d, it is determined to be in the subway influence area.

[0058] Several sensors, such as laser displacement sensors and optoelectronic displacement sensors, are provided in the anchor rod monitoring unit and installed at fixed points near the expansion and excavation area to measure the relative displacement of each anchor rod in real time and determine the deformation position and deformation amount.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it is a logic diagram for determining the initial number of inserted anchor rods in the embodiment of the present invention. The feature analysis module divides the subway influence area into several identical analysis areas and screens out the analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions;

[0060] Among them, the extension and construction stability condition is that the deformation rate is lower than the preset deformation rate and the height change of each anchor rod is within the allowable range of height change.

[0061] In implementation, the preset deformation rate is that the vertical change rate is 4 mm / d and the horizontal change rate reaches 2 mm / d. The allowable range of height change of each anchor rod is determined according to the height change interval of the anchor rod corresponding to the unchanged stress applied on each anchor rod in the historical data.

[0062] Specifically, the feature analysis module determines the insertion quantity of the anchor rods according to the number of analysis areas that do not meet the extension and construction stability conditions;

[0063] The feature analysis module determines the initial insertion depth according to the deformation rate of the analysis area that does not meet the extension and construction stability conditions.

[0064] In implementation, when monitoring the deformation information for the first time during the subway extension and construction, that is, when monitoring the deformation information before inserting the anchor rods, the insertion quantity of the anchor rods is determined according to the number of analysis areas that do not meet the civil engineering stability conditions.

[0065] The insertion depth of the anchor rods is 1.2 to 1.5 times the foundation pit depth of the current extension and excavation area. The initial insertion depth is determined by multiplying the difference between the deformation rate in the direction that does not meet the preset deformation rate and the preset deformation rate in this direction by 1.2 times the foundation pit depth, and the maximum value does not exceed 1.5 times the foundation pit depth of the current extension and excavation area;

[0066] If the deformation rates in both the vertical direction and the horizontal direction do not meet the requirements, the initial insertion depth is determined according to the direction with a larger difference.

[0067] In the subway extension and construction project, the anchor rods are inserted in a timely manner according to the excavation process to reinforce the loose rock and soil mass, prevent disasters such as collapses and landslides, and can also control the formation deformation by applying prestress. It can also flexibly adapt to various complex working conditions. When encountering a hard rock layer, first excavate a part and then insert the anchor rods for reinforcement, and then continue the operation, avoiding the obstacles brought by the fixed construction sequence. At the same time, the anchor rod construction is dispersed in different excavation stages, reducing the mutual interference between processes and accelerating the construction progress. From the perspective of engineering quality, excavating and inserting alternately enables construction personnel to accurately arrange the anchor rods based on the actual situation of the rock and soil mass during excavation, maximizing the reinforcement effect, and can also promptly handle the geological hidden dangers found during excavation, ensuring the stability and durability of the subway structure. In addition, in terms of cost control, this method can optimize the layout of the anchor rods according to actual needs, reduce material waste, lower the later repair cost, and effectively prevent accident risks, avoiding the high losses caused by accidents.

[0068] In the present invention, the anti - heave support system for subway expansion dynamically adjusts the insertion quantity and initial insertion depth of anchor bolts through a feature analysis module according to the quantity and deformation rate of the analysis area that does not meet the expansion stability conditions, achieving precise support design. This design not only improves the flexibility and adaptability of the support system, but also can effectively cope with various complex working conditions, ensuring the safety and stability of the construction process. During the implementation process, the initial insertion depth is determined according to the difference in the direction of the deformation rate that does not meet the preset value. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures the flexibility and adaptability of the support system and can effectively cope with various complex working conditions.

[0069] Specifically, the anti - heave support module determines the central anchor bolt according to the scope of the current expansion excavation area and the number of anchor bolts included in the current expansion excavation area.

[0070] The anti - heave support module determines the prestress of each anchor bolt according to the relative position relationship between each anchor bolt and the central anchor bolt, the height change of each anchor bolt, and in combination with the deformation rate.

[0071] In this embodiment, after the installation of the anchor bolts, the anchor bolts are tensioned by tensioning equipment such as jacks. In the actual scenario, the tensioning head of the jack is connected to the exposed end of the anchor bolt, and the tension is gradually applied according to the stress value of the prestress of each determined anchor bolt, causing the anchor bolt to produce elastic deformation, thereby applying prestress to the rock and soil mass. After the tensioning is completed, the anchor bolt is locked by an anchor device to maintain the prestress for a long time to resist the heave deformation that occurs in the subway area.

[0072] The initial prestress is determined according to the average value of the initial prestress in the historical data under the same geological conditions. The initial prestress is the prestress when the central anchor bolt is inserted.

[0073] During the implementation, the installed anchor bolts in the current expansion excavation area are counted, and the specific position of each anchor bolt is recorded. If the number of anchor bolts is odd, the middle anchor bolt is the central anchor bolt; if the number of anchor bolts is even, both of the middle two anchor bolts are the central anchor bolts.

[0074] The prestress of each anchor bolt is negatively correlated with the distance from the central anchor bolt, that is, the greater the distance, the smaller the stress. The prestress of each anchor bolt is positively correlated with the deformation rate.

[0075] In this embodiment, the prestress of the non - central anchor bolt is determined according to the prestress of the central anchor bolt multiplied by the relative distance ratio between this anchor bolt and the central anchor bolt, and 1 plus the difference between the effective deformation rate and the preset deformation rate.

[0076] The effective deformation rate is determined by the direction with a greater difference between the deformation rate in this direction and the corresponding standard deformation rate. The relative distance ratio is determined by the ratio of the distance between this anchor bolt and the central anchor bolt to the distance from the central anchor bolt to the edge of the current expansion excavation area.

[0077] It is understandable that in the subway expansion excavation area, the farther away from the expansion center, the smaller the additional stress affected by the load of commercial buildings and subway expansion construction. According to the stress diffusion principle in soil mechanics, the additional stress gradually decreases with the increase of depth and horizontal distance. Therefore, from the perspective of resisting additional stress, the smaller the prestress required for the anchor rod farther away from the expansion center. At the same time, the disturbance of the subway expansion construction to the stratum is the most intense in the area close to the expansion center, and the degree of disturbance gradually weakens with the increase of distance. The rock and soil structure in the area close to the center is more severely damaged, and the mechanical properties decline more significantly. Larger prestressed anchor rods are required for reinforcement to restore and improve the bearing capacity and stability of the rock and soil mass. In the area farther away from the expansion center, the rock and soil mass is relatively less disturbed and its own stability is relatively better, so the prestress required for the anchor rod is also relatively small. In addition, in order to ensure the overall stability of commercial buildings and subway structures, it is necessary to control the deformation coordination of the entire area. In the area close to the expansion center, due to the large load and disturbance, the deformation amount is relatively large, and larger prestressed anchor rods are required to limit the deformation. While in the place farther away from the expansion center, the deformation amount is relatively small, and the anchor rod only needs to apply a smaller prestress to meet the requirements of deformation coordination.

[0078] The greater the deformation rate, the worse the stability of the rock and soil mass, the higher the potential deformation risk, and it is necessary to apply a greater prestress as soon as possible to restrain the deformation of the rock and soil mass, prevent the deformation from further developing, and avoid adverse effects on commercial buildings and subway structures. By increasing the prestress of the anchor rod, the anti-deformation ability of the rock and soil mass can be quickly and effectively improved, and the deformation rate can be controlled. A larger deformation rate means that the rock and soil mass is subjected to a greater force. In order to resist these forces, the anchor rod needs to provide a greater anchoring force. According to Hooke's law, the prestress of the anchor rod is proportional to the elongation of the anchor rod, and the elongation of the anchor rod is related to the anchoring force it provides. Therefore, in order to provide sufficient anchoring force when the deformation rate is large, it is necessary to increase the prestress of the anchor rod. Applying prestress in positive correlation with the deformation rate can enable the anchor rod to better follow the deformation of the rock and soil mass and play an effective supporting role.

[0079] Specifically, the anti-heave support module determines the stress change amount according to the prestress difference determined by the adjacent two current expansion excavation areas.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown, it is a logic diagram of whether the current stress compensation of the embodiment of the present invention meets the standard. The data recording module determines whether the current stress compensation meets the standard according to the prestress of each anchor rod in the subway influence area corresponding to the current expansion excavation area and the corresponding stress change amount;

[0081] If the stress change amount is greater than the stress compensation amount, it is determined that the current stress compensation does not meet the standard;

[0082] If the stress change amount is less than or equal to the stress compensation amount, it is determined that the current stress compensation meets the standard, which is recorded as effective prestress.

[0083] In implementation, during the further excavation of the current civil engineering excavation area, the stress to be applied to the anchor rod for each monitoring is different. The stress of the anchor rod determined after each monitoring is prestress. For the same anchor rod, the difference from the prestress determined in the previous monitoring is the stress change amount.

[0084] The integrated database generates and establishes a stress compensation model based on the prestress and stress change amount of each anchor rod obtained from each monitoring. The data processing and analysis process is prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0085] In this embodiment, the expected stress for the next monitoring is obtained according to the stress compensation model, and the stress compensation amount is the difference between the expected stress and the current stress.

[0086] Specifically, the data recording module stores the effective prestress corresponding to the non-compliant stress compensation and the corresponding deformation information into the integrated database and replaces the original prestress data, which is used as the initial selection for determining the stress compensation amount of the deformation information in the subsequent same subway influence area.

[0087] In implementation, by updating the model with the re-determined effective prestress, the expected accuracy of the model can be improved, which is convenient for reducing the error of stress application.

[0088] Specifically, under the condition that the anti-heave support module continuously uses the effective prestress to determine the stress compensation amount as the prestress for several times, it is determined that the data recording module has completed the recording of the deformation information and stress compensation amount in the current subway influence area.

[0089] In implementation, it is preferably determined that the data recording module has completed the recording when the effective prestress is continuously used to determine the stress compensation amount as the prestress for more than 7 times.

[0090] It can be understood that when expanding and excavating the foundation pit, different stages and different soil materials are usually involved. Therefore, when at least seven parts are continuously ensured to be within the compensation range, in the subsequent repeated excavation process, it can be determined that there is no other factor interfering with the stress compensation model within the normal range of model processing. However, in actual situations, under the condition of ensuring safety, the prestress after each monitoring is not repeatedly calculated, but the deformation information of the subway influence area needs to be continuously monitored to ensure the safety of normal subway operation, while reducing the computing power of the system and improving the processing speed of other data.

[0091] The data recording module of the anti - heave support system for subway expansion has the ability to intelligently judge whether the stress compensation meets the standard. By comparing the stress change amount with the stress compensation amount, it accurately determines and records the effective prestress, providing a reliable basis for subsequent work. As the excavation progresses, the stress of each monitoring anchor rod is different each time. Using the data obtained from each monitoring to generate a stress compensation model, the expected stress can be obtained according to the model, and thus the stress compensation amount can be accurately calculated. If the stress compensation does not meet the standard, the effective prestress and deformation information will be stored in the integrated database and the original data will be updated, thereby continuously optimizing the model, improving the expected accuracy, and reducing the stress application error. In addition, when the anti - heave support module determines the stress compensation amount as the prestress using the effective prestress continuously for several times, it determines that the data recording module has completed the stress and compensation recording of the deformation information in the current subway influence area. This can not only ensure that the stress compensation model is within the normal range under different expansion stages and different soil material usage conditions, but also reduce unnecessary repeated calculations, lower the system computing power consumption, and improve the processing speed of other data while ensuring safety, achieving the efficient operation of the system while ensuring the safety of subway operation.

[0092] Specifically, the warning module determines whether to issue an emergency anti - heave compensation warning based on the standard height change of each anchor rod, the deformation rate of the subway influence area, and the maximum allowable deformation value.

[0093] If the height change of each anchor rod is greater than the corresponding standard height change, or the expected deformation amount of the subway influence area is greater than the maximum allowable deformation value, the warning module determines to issue an emergency anti - heave compensation warning.

[0094] In implementation, the expected deformation amount is determined according to the deformation speed and the time interval until the next monitoring, and the maximum allowable deformation value is determined according to the construction regulations. If the displacement of the anchor rod exceeds 2 mm / d, it is judged that an emergency anti - heave compensation warning needs to be issued.

[0095] In the present invention, the expected deformation amount is determined by the deformation speed and the time interval until the next monitoring, making the warning judgment more in line with the dynamic changes of the actual situation; the maximum allowable deformation value is determined according to the construction regulations, ensuring the standardization and authority of the judgment criteria. In addition, a clear warning threshold is set for the displacement of the anchor rod, detecting abnormal situations in the first time and issuing warnings in a timely manner, providing strong support for the safety guarantee of subway expansion construction, effectively reducing the safety risks caused by anti - heave problems, and ensuring the smooth progress of the project.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-heave support system for subway expansion, characterized in that, Including: A geological model analysis module, which is used to determine the subway influence area corresponding to the current expansion and excavation area, and obtain the deformation information of the subway influence area. The deformation information includes the maximum allowable deformation value, deformation rate, deformation amount, and the height change of each anchor rod in the excavation area; A feature analysis module, which is connected to the geological model analysis module, and is used to conduct a feature comparison analysis on the deformation information of the subway influence area to preliminarily determine the insertion position and insertion depth of the anchor rod; An anti - uplift support module, which is respectively connected to the geological model analysis module and the feature analysis module, and is used to preliminarily determine the prestress and stress change amount of each anchor rod according to the position of the central anchor rod in the current expansion and excavation area combined with the deformation information, and determine the stress compensation amount according to the effective prestress in the historical data; A data recording module, which is respectively connected to the geological model analysis module, the anti - uplift support module, and the feature analysis module, and sets up an information acquisition database, an adjustment database, and an integration database; The information acquisition database is used to store the expansion and excavation area determined by each expansion and excavation, the corresponding deformation information, and the preliminary insertion information of the anchor rod. The adjustment database is used to store the prestress and stress change amount of each anchor rod. The integration database is used to establish a stress compensation model according to all the deformation information, prestress, and stress change amount, and store the effective prestress and the corresponding deformation information; An early warning module, which is connected to the geological model analysis module, and is used to issue an emergency anti - uplift compensation warning under the condition that the height change of the anchor rod is abnormal or the deformation rate of the subway influence area is abnormal; 2. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 1, wherein The geological model analysis module includes: A surface monitoring unit, which is used to monitor the deformation position of all subway areas, determine the subway influence area in combination with the current expansion and excavation area, and obtain the maximum allowable subway deformation value and deformation rate in the subway influence area; An anchor rod monitoring unit, which is connected to the surface monitoring unit, and is used to monitor the height change of the anchor rod in the current expansion and excavation area; 3. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 2, wherein, The feature analysis module divides the subway influence area into several identical analysis areas, and screens out the analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions; Among them, the expansion stability condition is that the deformation rate is lower than the preset deformation rate and the height change of each anchor rod is within the allowable range of height change; 4. The anti-heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The feature analysis module determines the insertion quantity of the anchor rod according to the number of analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions; The feature analysis module determines the initial insertion depth according to the deformation rate of the analysis areas that do not meet the expansion stability conditions; 5. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 4, characterized in that, The anti - uplift support module determines the central anchor rod according to the scope of the current expansion and excavation area and the number of anchor rods included in the current expansion and excavation area; The anti - uplift support module determines the prestress of each anchor rod according to the relative position relationship between each anchor rod and the central anchor rod, the height change of each anchor rod, and in combination with the deformation rate; 6. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anti - uplift support module determines the stress change amount according to the prestress difference determined by the current expansion and excavation area in two adjacent times.

7. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data recording module determines whether the current stress compensation meets the standard according to the prestress of each anchor rod in the subway influence area corresponding to the currently expanded excavation area and the corresponding stress change amount; If the stress change amount is greater than the stress compensation amount, it is determined that the current stress compensation does not meet the standard; If the stress change amount is less than or equal to the stress compensation amount, it is determined that the current stress compensation meets the standard, which is recorded as the effective prestress.

8. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data recording module stores the effective prestress corresponding to the stress compensation not meeting the standard and the corresponding deformation information in the integrated database and replaces the original prestress data, which is used as the initial selection for determining the stress compensation amount of the deformation information in the subsequent same subway influence area.

9. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the condition that the effective prestress is continuously used for several times to determine the stress compensation amount as the prestress, the anti - uplift support module determines that the data recording module has completed the recording of the deformation information and stress compensation amount in the current subway influence area.

10. The anti - heave support system for subway expansion according to claim 9, characterized in that, The early warning module determines whether to issue an emergency anti - uplift compensation warning according to the standard height change of each anchor rod, the deformation rate of the subway influence area, and the maximum allowable deformation value; If the expected deformation amount of the subway influence area is greater than the maximum allowable deformation value, the early warning module determines to issue an emergency anti - uplift compensation warning.

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