A soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of soil quality monitoring, and particularly to a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection. The system includes a protected area monitoring point planning module, a microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, a soil ecological quality monitoring module, and a soil quality early warning and prevention module. It can obtain the plant species distribution, topography, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and conduct monitoring area point planning and soil monitoring sampling to obtain soil sampling samples; evaluate the soil microbial structure and fungal proportion of the soil sampling samples, and at the same time conduct nutrient gene abundance analysis to obtain the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling; conduct soil ecological quality monitoring and quality early warning response analysis on the sub-areas of the soil monitoring points, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protected area, and implement corresponding soil prevention and control work for the wild plant protected area. The present invention can monitor the corresponding soil quality in real time and accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil quality monitoring, and in particular to a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection. Background Art

[0002] Wild plants are an important part of the natural ecosystem, and their survival and reproduction highly depend on the soil environment. As the basis for the growth of wild plants, the quality of the soil directly affects the growth, reproduction of wild plants and the stability of their living environment. Therefore, the monitoring of soil quality is crucial for the protection of wild plants. Especially for the protection of wild plants in ecologically sensitive areas, accurately and timely monitoring the changes in soil quality can provide data support for scientific research and protection decisions, help evaluate the impact of environmental stress on plant growth, and then formulate corresponding protection measures. In recent years, some advanced soil quality monitoring technologies have been studied and applied, such as remote sensing technology, Internet of Things technology, and sensor technology, etc. These methods can achieve efficient and real-time monitoring of soil quality. However, these technologies still have certain limitations, especially in how to combine the characteristics of different ecological environments in practical applications, and the sampling points are sparsely distributed, making it difficult to comprehensively reflect the complex and variable soil characteristics of wild plant growth. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary for the present invention to provide a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above object, a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection includes the following modules:

[0005] A protected area monitoring point planning module, configured to obtain the plant species distribution, topography, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and based on the plant species distribution, topography, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area, plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant protected area to generate each sub-region of the soil monitoring points;

[0006] A microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, configured to perform soil monitoring sampling at a predetermined sampling period within each sub-region of the soil monitoring points to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; evaluate the soil microbial structure and fungal proportion of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measure and the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0007] The soil ecological quality monitoring module is used to analyze the nutrient gene abundance of soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, and obtain the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, conduct soil ecological quality monitoring on the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-regions to obtain the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0008] The soil quality early warning and prevention module is used to conduct quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant reserve based on the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the reserve, and execute the corresponding soil prevention work for the wild plant reserve.

[0009] Furthermore, the reserve monitoring point planning module includes the following functions:

[0010] Obtain the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0011] Obtain the topography and geomorphology corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0012] Obtain the water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0013] Conduct reserve ecological geographical information fusion according to the plant species distribution, topography and geomorphology, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve, so as to construct and generate a reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer;

[0014] Based on the reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer, conduct monitoring area point planning for the wild plant reserve to generate each soil monitoring point sub-region.

[0015] Furthermore, the conduct of reserve ecological geographical information fusion according to the plant species distribution, topography and geomorphology, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve includes:

[0016] Obtain the corresponding species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution through the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0017] Conduct terrain slope and aspect analysis on the topography and geomorphology corresponding to the wild plant reserve through a digital elevation model to obtain the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0018] Based on the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve, conduct reserve ecological geographical information fusion on the corresponding water source condition distribution, species abundance, and rare plant habitat distribution, so as to construct and generate a reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer.

[0019] Further, the monitoring area point planning for the wild plant reserve based on the ecological-geographical fusion distribution layer of the reserve includes:

[0020] Obtaining the distribution range of the habitats of rare and endangered plants in the reserve corresponding to the plant species distribution in the ecological-geographical fusion distribution layer of the reserve;

[0021] Based on the topography and geomorphology in the ecological-geographical fusion distribution layer of the reserve, conducting an ecological impact interference analysis on the corresponding soil erosion in the wild plant reserve to obtain the ecological impact interference of the topography and soil in the reserve;

[0022] Based on the water source condition distribution in the ecological-geographical fusion distribution layer of the reserve, conducting an ecological stability assessment analysis on the growth of wild plants corresponding to the wild plant reserve to obtain the ecological stability distribution of the water source growth in the reserve;

[0023] Based on the ecological impact interference of the topography and soil in the reserve and the ecological stability distribution of the water source growth in the reserve, conducting monitoring area point planning for the distribution range of the habitats of rare and endangered plants corresponding to the wild plant reserve to generate sub-regions for each soil monitoring point.

[0024] Further, the microbial structure and proportion assessment module includes the following functions:

[0025] Conducting soil monitoring sampling in each sub-region of the soil monitoring point according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring;

[0026] Conducting microbial community structure imaging on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring to generate soil microbial microcellular structure maps corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring;

[0027] Obtaining the corresponding details of the cell walls and organelle structures of soil microorganisms through the soil microbial microcellular structure maps corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring, and based on the details of the cell walls and organelle structures of soil microorganisms, conducting an analysis of the microbial community composition characteristics of the soil microbial microcellular structure maps corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring to obtain the microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring;

[0028] Based on the microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring, conducting an assessment of the microbial structure diversity of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring to obtain the microbial structure diversity metrics corresponding to each sub-region of the soil monitoring;

[0029] Evaluate the proportion of soil fungi in the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the proportion of beneficial soil bacteria and pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0030] Furthermore, the evaluation of the proportion of soil fungi in the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region includes:

[0031] Obtain the corresponding soil microbial fungi through the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, and perform metabolomics transformation analysis on the soil microbial fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microbial fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0032] Based on the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microbial fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, use isotope tracing technology to perform metabolic transformation tracking analysis on the corresponding soil microbial fungi to obtain the metabolic pathway transformation path of the soil fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0033] Based on the metabolic pathway transformation path of the soil fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, perform fungal ecological function characteristic analysis on the corresponding soil microbial fungi to obtain the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0034] Based on the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-region, isolate beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the corresponding soil sampling samples, separate the beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the soil samples, and use flow cytometry to count the separated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria to obtain the number of beneficial soil bacteria and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0035] Perform soil fungi proportion evaluation calculation based on the number of beneficial soil bacteria and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the proportion of beneficial soil bacteria and pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0036] Furthermore, the soil ecological quality monitoring module includes the following functions:

[0037] Dilute the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to generate the soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0038] Extract soil nucleic acids from the soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0039] Obtain nanoparticles corresponding to specific nucleic acid affinity groups, and perform target in-situ nucleic acid capture on soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the nanoparticles corresponding to specific nucleic acid affinity groups, so as to obtain soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0040] Perform nutrient gene abundance analysis on the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundances corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0041] Based on the soil microbial structure diversity metrics, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the soil nutrient cycle gene abundances corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, use the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-region, so as to obtain the soil ecological quality health levels corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0042] Furthermore, the nutrient gene abundance analysis of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region includes:

[0043] Gradually degrade the chemical composition of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0044] Perform fragment base sequencing on the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nucleic acid fragment base arrangement sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0045] Obtain a database of known nutrient cycle gene sequences, and perform nucleic acid sequence alignment on the soil nucleic acid fragment base arrangement sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the database of known nutrient cycle gene sequences to obtain the soil known nutrient cycle gene fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0046] Perform fluorescence-labeled quantitative detection on the soil known nutrient cycle gene fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nutrient cycle fluorescence signal intensities corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0047] Based on the soil nutrient cycle fluorescence signal intensities corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, perform nutrient gene abundance inversion on the corresponding soil known nutrient cycle gene fragments to obtain the soil nutrient cycle gene abundances corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0048] Furthermore, the specific soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is:

[0049] ;

[0050] In the formula, is the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the total number of soil monitoring sub-regions, is the spatial range size of the soil monitoring sub-region, is the spatial position variable parameter, is the soil microbial structure diversity metric corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the number of beneficial soil bacteria corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the ratio of beneficial soil bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling at the position of the th soil monitoring sub-region at position , is the gene abundance decay factor corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the correction coefficient of the soil ecological quality health degree.

[0051] Furthermore, the soil quality early warning and prevention module includes the following functions:

[0052] Compare and judge the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region according to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold. If the soil ecological quality health degree is less than the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, then the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region is determined as a soil quality abnormal area; if the soil ecological quality health degree is greater than or equal to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, then the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region is determined as a soil quality normal area;

[0053] Trigger an early warning for the quality abnormality of the soil monitoring sub-region corresponding to the soil quality abnormal area determined within the wild plant protection area to generate a quality abnormality warning signal for the protected sub-area;

[0054] Based on the quality abnormality warning signal for the protected sub-area, conduct a quality early warning response analysis for the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region within the wild plant protection area, and generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protection area, including local soil improvement in the protection area, pest and disease community prevention, and adjustment of the scope of human activity interference, so as to implement the corresponding soil prevention work in the wild plant protection area.

[0055] Advantages of the present invention:

[0056] The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection proposed by the present invention is generally composed of a reserve monitoring point planning module, a microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, a soil ecological quality monitoring module, and a soil quality early warning and prevention module. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: By obtaining the plant species distribution, topography, and water source conditions in the wild plant reserve, it can provide a scientific basis for the point planning of the monitoring area. The plant species distribution not only reflects the ecological needs of the species but also reveals the biodiversity and ecological status of a specific area. By understanding the changes in topography, it is possible to judge the climate, soil properties, and water source conditions in different regions, and then predict the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil such as humidity, temperature, and pH, which have a significant impact on plant growth and soil microbial activities. The distribution of water source conditions directly affects the availability of soil moisture, and thus affects the structure and function of the soil microbial community. Based on these data, it is possible to reasonably select monitoring points in combination with the characteristics of different ecological environments, which can ensure that soil monitoring covers representative areas of different ecological types and can also increase the distribution points of soil monitoring samples, so as to comprehensively and accurately reflect the changes in soil ecological quality. Secondly, by collecting soil samples at a predetermined cycle and evaluating the microbial structure and fungal proportion of the samples, it is possible to deeply understand the ecological function of the soil and its supporting ability for plant growth. The soil microbial community structure has an important impact on soil health. The presence and proportion of different microorganisms are directly related to key functions such as soil nutrient cycling, disease suppression, and soil remediation. By evaluating the microbial structure diversity of each soil monitoring sub-region, the ecological state of the soil can be determined. For example, a highly diverse soil microbial community usually means that the ecological environment of the soil is relatively stable and can effectively support the healthy growth of plants. At the same time, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil is also an important indicator for evaluating soil health. Beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria help improve soil fertility and promote plant growth; while the excessive growth of pathogenic bacteria leads to the occurrence of plant diseases. This can help identify which soil areas have better ecological health and which areas have potential ecological risks. This process can identify potential soil problems in advance and provide a basis for subsequent soil management and protection measures. Then, through gene abundance analysis, it is possible to evaluate the abundance of microbial genes involved in nutrient cycling in the soil, thereby reflecting the nutritional status and fertility level of the soil. If the abundance of nutrient cycling genes in a certain soil area is low, it means that the soil's nutrient supply ability is poor, affecting plant growth and the stability of the ecosystem. By combining the measurement of soil microbial structure diversity, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the abundance of nutrient cycling genes, the ecological quality of the soil can be comprehensively evaluated. This monitoring method can reveal the health status of the soil and evaluate the function of the soil in supporting plant growth and maintaining the stability of the ecosystem. It can not only monitor the soil health in real time but also comprehensively reflect the complex and changeable soil characteristics of wild plant growth.Finally, by evaluating the ecological quality and health degree of each soil monitoring sub-region, it is possible to provide a basis for soil quality early warning and prevention measures in the wild plant reserve. The change of soil quality directly affects the growth status and ecological functions of plants. Therefore, the timely monitoring and early warning of soil ecological health are crucial. Through scientific data analysis, areas with poor soil quality can be identified, potential soil problems can be predicted in advance, and corresponding soil protection and restoration measures can be formulated in a timely manner, including introducing technical means to improve the soil, planting plants with strong adaptability, and adjusting water and soil management methods, etc., to restore soil health, promote the prosperity of the wild plant protection population, and ensure the growth of wild plants and the stability of the ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-restrictive embodiments read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the modules of the soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the functional flow of the monitoring point planning module in the reserve;

[0060] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the functional flow of the microbial structure and ratio evaluation module in. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0061] The technical system of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] In addition, the accompanying drawings are only schematic diagrams of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar parts, and thus repeated descriptions thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. The functional entities can be implemented in software form, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and / or processor systems and / or microcontroller systems.

[0063] It should be understood that although terms such as "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, the first unit may be referred to as the second unit, and similarly the second unit may be referred to as the first unit. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items.

[0064] To achieve the above object, please refer to Figures 1 to 2 , the present invention provides a soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection, and the system includes the following modules:

[0065] A protected area monitoring point planning module, configured to obtain the plant species distribution, topography, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and perform monitoring area point planning on the wild plant protected area based on the plant species distribution, topography, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area, so as to generate each soil monitoring point sub-region;

[0066] A microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, configured to perform soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring point sub-region according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; evaluate the soil microbial structure and fungal proportion of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measure and the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0067] A soil ecological quality monitoring module, configured to perform nutrient gene abundance analysis on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; perform soil ecological quality monitoring on the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-region based on the soil microbial structure diversity measure, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to obtain the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0068] A soil quality early warning and prevention module, configured to perform quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant protected area based on the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protected area, so as to perform corresponding wild plant protected area soil prevention work.

[0069] In the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the modules of the soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection in the present invention. In this example, the soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection includes the following modules:

[0070] S1: Reserve monitoring point planning module, which is used to obtain the distribution of plant species, topography, and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant reserve, and based on the distribution of plant species, topography, and water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant reserve, plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant reserve to generate each sub-region of the soil monitoring points.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present invention, in the soil monitoring area planning of the wild plant reserve, first, it is necessary to collect the spatial data of the plant species distribution, topography, and water source conditions related to the reserve. Through remote sensing technology and GIS (Geographic Information System) technology, obtain the plant species distribution map, topography map, and water source condition map of the area. Use remote sensing images and geographic information analysis software, combined with the distribution characteristics of the known ecological habits of plant species, topographic features (such as mountains, hills, plains, etc.) and water source conditions (such as groundwater level, rivers, lakes, etc.), to construct a detailed ecological suitability area for plant species. These areas are divided into multiple sub-regions according to the growth requirements and distribution laws of plants. The division of each sub-region is based on the specific requirements of plant species for soil conditions and the influence of water source conditions, clarify the monitoring key points of different regions, and determine the number and distribution of soil monitoring points in each sub-region. Finally, plan and generate each sub-region of the soil monitoring points.

[0072] S2: Microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, which is used to conduct soil monitoring sampling in each sub-region of the soil monitoring points according to a predetermined sampling cycle to obtain the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; evaluate the soil microbial structure and fungal proportion of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measure and the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0073] In the embodiments of the present invention, soil monitoring points within each soil monitoring sub-region are selected according to a predetermined sampling period and standards. Soil sampling should be carried out in different seasons to ensure that the impact of seasonal variations on soil properties is reflected. A standard soil sampler is used to take samples at a certain depth (usually 0 - 30 cm, 30 - 60 cm, 60 - 100 cm, etc.), and at least 3 representative samples are obtained at each monitoring point to ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the data. After sample collection, the structural analysis of soil microorganisms is immediately carried out. The diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms are evaluated through high-throughput sequencing technology (such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing). The bacterial community structure of each soil sample is analyzed, and the proportions of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are further analyzed. Relevant bioinformatics tools are used for data processing, the diversity index of the microbial community (such as the Shannon index) is calculated, and the soil microbial health status of each soil monitoring sub-region is evaluated according to the analysis results. Finally, the soil microbial structure diversity metrics and the proportions of soil beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0074] S3: Soil ecological quality monitoring module, which is used to analyze the nutrient gene abundance of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nutrient cycling gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; based on the soil microbial structure diversity metrics, the proportions of soil beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and the soil nutrient cycling gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-region is monitored to obtain the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0075] In the embodiments of the present invention, after obtaining the relevant data of soil microorganisms, further nutrient gene abundance analysis is carried out. First, the PCR amplification technology is used for quantitative analysis of specific nutrient cycling-related genes (such as metabolic genes of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc.). High-throughput genome sequencing technology is used to evaluate the gene abundance related to nutrient cycling in soil samples, so as to obtain the soil nutrient cycling gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region. At the same time, by combining the soil microbial structure diversity metrics, the proportions of soil beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and the soil nutrient cycling gene abundance corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the soil ecological quality health score of each soil monitoring sub-region is comprehensively evaluated. Through analyzing the microbial diversity, the proportions of soil beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and the abundance of nutrient cycling genes in each soil monitoring sub-region, the soil ecological quality health assessment is carried out. The comprehensive ecological quality score is used to convert these indicators into the health index of soil ecological quality, and finally the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region is obtained.

[0076] S4: Soil quality early warning and prevention module, which is used to conduct quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant reserve based on the soil ecological quality and health degree of each soil monitoring sub-region, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the reserve, so as to carry out the corresponding soil prevention work in the wild plant reserve.

[0077] In the embodiment of the present invention, by combining the soil ecological quality and health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region obtained through previous evaluation and calculation, a soil quality early warning model is established, and based on the health index of each monitoring point in the region, quality early warning analysis is carried out on the corresponding soil ecological status. If the ecological quality index of some soil monitoring points is lower than the set threshold, a soil quality early warning signal will be automatically sent. According to the monitoring results corresponding to the soil quality early warning signal, protection measures will be formulated and implemented in a timely manner, including soil improvement, pest control, etc., and the soil management measures in the reserve will be adjusted to ensure the long-term health of the soil ecological quality, and finally the corresponding soil prevention work in the wild plant reserve will be carried out.

[0078] Furthermore, the reserve monitoring point planning module includes the following functions:

[0079] Obtain the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0080] Obtain the topographic and geomorphic features corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0081] Obtain the water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0082] Conduct ecological geographical information fusion of the reserve based on the plant species distribution, topographic and geomorphic features, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve, so as to construct and generate a reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer;

[0083] Based on the reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer, conduct monitoring area point planning for the wild plant reserve to generate each soil monitoring point sub-region.

[0084] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1 is the functional flow schematic diagram of the reserve monitoring point planning module in

[0085] S11: Obtain the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0086] In the embodiments of the present invention, when obtaining the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve, it is first necessary to use remote sensing technology to obtain the spatial data within the reserve. Through the analysis of satellite image data, the vegetation index (such as NDVI) can be extracted to determine the vegetation growth status and distribution in different regions. Combining with the Geographic Information System (GIS) of the wild plant reserve, through the land cover classification of remote sensing images, the distribution data of plant species can be obtained. These distribution information are verified and corrected in combination with ground survey data to ensure the accuracy of the data. Using the relevant knowledge of plant taxonomy and phytogeography, the plant species in different regions are classified and calibrated, and finally the corresponding plant species distribution is obtained.

[0087] S12: Obtain the topography corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0088] In the embodiments of the present invention, by using high-precision Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, which can be obtained through remote sensing technology or Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology, and can accurately reflect the terrain height, slope change and terrain type within the region. Further analyze the DEM data to identify the main topographic features within the reserve, such as mountains, hills, river valleys, etc., and classify and label them. At the same time, combining on-site field surveys and historical topographic data, verify and revise the geomorphic features within the reserve, and use GIS tools to perform spatial analysis on these topographic and geomorphic information to construct a topographic and geomorphic distribution layer, and finally obtain the topography corresponding to the wild plant reserve.

[0089] S13: Obtain the distribution of water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0090] In the embodiments of the present invention, by using remote sensing technology to obtain data related to water bodies, including remote sensing image data of water bodies such as reservoirs, rivers, lakes, etc., through image interpretation and data analysis, determine the specific location and distribution range of water sources. In addition, through meteorological data and hydrological model simulation, obtain information on water source conditions such as precipitation and surface water flow within the reserve. Combining with hydrogeological survey data, the distribution of groundwater sources can be further identified. All water source information is spatially integrated and analyzed through GIS to generate a water source condition distribution layer, providing a detailed view of the water source distribution within the reserve, and finally obtaining the distribution of water source conditions corresponding to the wild plant reserve.

[0091] S14: Perform ecological geographic information fusion of the wild plant reserve according to the corresponding plant species distribution, topography, and water source condition distribution of the wild plant reserve to construct and generate a reserve ecological geographic fusion distribution layer;

[0092] In the embodiment of the present invention, by respectively performing standardization processing on the plant species distribution, topographic and geomorphic, and water source condition distribution data to eliminate the scale differences and errors between different data sources, then, using the spatial overlay analysis method, each data layer (plant species, topographic and geomorphic, water source condition) is fused, and through the spatial weighting model or the cascading analysis method, the influence weights of each factor on the ecological environment of the protected area are calculated. Based on the fusion of ecological and geographical factors, a new comprehensive distribution layer is generated, which can comprehensively reflect the ecological environment characteristics within the protected area, including the distribution pattern of plant species, the influence of topographic and geomorphic features, and the support of water source conditions for plant growth. This layer provides an important spatial reference basis for the planning of ecological monitoring and soil quality detection within the protected area, and finally constructs and generates the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area.

[0093] S15: Based on the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer of the protected area, plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant protected area to generate each sub-region of the soil monitoring points.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present invention, when planning the soil monitoring points of the protected area according to the ecological and geographical fusion distribution layer, first, according to the comprehensive information such as plant species, topographic and geomorphic features, and water source conditions, identify the areas with significant ecological characteristics and large soil changes. These areas may be ecological sensitive areas or areas where the soil quality is greatly affected. Through the spatial analysis method, combined with the existing soil quality monitoring data within the protected area, plan a number of monitoring points, which need to cover different geomorphic units, different plant species distribution areas, and areas with large differences in water source conditions to ensure the comprehensiveness and representativeness of soil quality monitoring. For each monitoring point, set specific monitoring indicators, such as soil pH value, nutrient components, humidity and other parameters, and formulate the monitoring cycle and method to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of the data. Through this refined soil monitoring point planning, the changes in soil quality within the protected area can be evaluated in real time, and finally each sub-region of the soil monitoring points is planned and generated.

[0095] Further, the fusion of the ecological and geographical information of the protected area according to the plant species distribution, topographic and geomorphic features, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area includes:

[0096] Obtain the corresponding species abundance and the distribution of rare plant habitats through the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area;

[0097] In the embodiments of the present invention, by collecting the plant species distribution data of the wild plant reserve, this can be carried out by combining field surveys and remote sensing image data. Remote sensing images can provide vegetation information of a large area, while ground surveys can accurately identify the specific species in each area. Through the identification of vegetation types, according to information such as the species, density, and coverage rate of the vegetation, the abundance of each plant species is calculated. For rare plants, they can be accurately identified by combining the habitat preferences of the species, and their habitats are marked out. Specifically, through data collection and ground verification, the types and distributions of species in the area are obtained, and a species abundance distribution layer is constructed. In addition, for the habitats of rare plants, spatial analysis is carried out through the Geographic Information System (GIS) in combination with the growth environmental conditions of the species (such as humidity, soil type, vegetation density, etc.), so as to draw the spatial distribution map of the habitats of rare plants, and finally the species abundance and the distribution of the habitats of rare plants are obtained.

[0098] Preferably, through the digital elevation model, the terrain slope and aspect analysis of the terrain and landform corresponding to the wild plant reserve are carried out to obtain the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve;

[0099] In the embodiments of the present invention, by relying on the digital elevation model (DEM) to obtain the terrain elevation data in the reserve. First, the elevation information of the wild plant reserve is obtained from known elevation data sources (such as satellite data or aerial survey data). By applying digital elevation model software (such as ArcGIS or QGIS), slope analysis is carried out on this area. Slope analysis obtains the slope size of each section by calculating the elevation difference of the neighborhood of each grid point; aspect analysis determines the slope distribution in different directions by calculating the slope orientation of each grid point. These terrain and landform features can provide a reference basis for the spatial distribution of species habitats. Especially considering the influence of different slopes and aspects on water, sunlight exposure, and soil type, the generation process of this data can be displayed in the Geographic Information System to form a clear slope and aspect distribution layer, and finally the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve are obtained.

[0100] Preferably, based on the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve, the ecological geographical information of the corresponding water source conditions distribution, species abundance, and rare plant habitat distribution is fused to construct and generate an ecological geographical fusion distribution layer of the reserve.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present invention, by comprehensively analyzing multiple data layers (such as terrain slope, aspect, water source conditions, species abundance, distribution of rare plant habitats, etc.), the ecological characteristics of the wild plant reserve are revealed. First, by performing overlay analysis on the slope and aspect data in the digital elevation model and the water source distribution data, the spatial relationship between the water source conditions and terrain characteristics in different regions is obtained. Second, based on the species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution maps, combined with the terrain characteristics and water source conditions, using spatial analysis methods (such as weighted overlay method or multivariate analysis), different ecological factors are weighted to obtain an ecological-geographical integration distribution layer. This process requires fully considering the weights of each data layer. By setting reasonable criteria, it is ensured that the generated layer can accurately reflect the ecological environment of the reserve. These operations are usually carried out using the spatial analysis tools in GIS software. The obtained layer will provide a scientific basis for measures such as species protection and habitat restoration in the reserve, and finally an ecological-geographical integration distribution layer of the reserve is constructed and generated.

[0102] Furthermore, the monitoring area point planning for the wild plant reserve based on the ecological-geographical integration distribution layer of the reserve includes:

[0103] Obtaining the distribution range of the habitats of rare and endangered plants in the reserve corresponding to the plant species distribution within the ecological-geographical integration distribution layer of the reserve;

[0104] In the embodiments of the present invention, to obtain the plant species distribution through the ecological-geographical integration distribution layer of the reserve, first, various ecological information within the reserve needs to be integrated, including basic data such as terrain, climate, and water source, and these data are spatially integrated and processed to obtain a distribution layer with high accuracy and details. Based on this integrated layer, the distribution ranges of the habitats of different plants within the reserve are extracted, and by using geographic information system (GIS) technology to perform spatial analysis on the plant species distribution data and combining remote sensing image data, the growth environments of various plants are accurately mapped. Especially for rare and endangered plants, by matching with the species database, their specific habitat distribution ranges are marked. The processing of the layer data requires the use of high-resolution remote sensing images and combined with species habitat model analysis to ensure the accuracy of the geographical distribution of plant species. Finally, the distribution ranges of the habitats of rare and endangered plants in the reserve are obtained.

[0105] Preferably, based on the topography and geomorphology within the ecological-geographical integration distribution layer of the reserve, an ecological impact interference analysis of the corresponding soil erosion in the wild plant reserve is carried out to obtain the ecological impact interference of the terrain and soil and water in the reserve;

[0106] In the embodiment of the present invention, after analyzing the distribution of plant species based on the ecological and geographical integration layer, soil and water loss analysis is carried out in combination with the topographical features of the area. When analyzing, digital elevation model (DEM) and relevant topographical data in the area need to be collected. These data are used to calculate information such as slope, aspect, and watershed in the area, further analyze the impact of surface water flow on soil and water loss, and by using a soil and water loss prediction model (such as the USLE model), evaluate the soil and water loss intensity and ecological impact under different topographical conditions, forming a disturbance layer of the ecological impact of topography and soil and water in the protected area. This layer provides basic data for subsequent ecological impact assessment, helps determine which areas have a high risk of soil and water loss, thereby affecting the growth environment of wild plants in the protected area, and finally obtains the disturbance of the ecological impact of topography and soil and water in the protected area.

[0107] Preferably, based on the distribution of water source conditions in the ecological and geographical integration distribution layer of the protected area, an ecological stability assessment and analysis is carried out on the growth of corresponding wild plants in the wild plant protected area to obtain the ecological stability distribution of water source growth in the protected area;

[0108] In the embodiment of the present invention, the ecological stability of plant growth is evaluated through the distribution of water source conditions in the protected area. In this process, first, it is necessary to collect the water resource distribution information in the area, including water source data such as groundwater level, rivers, and lakes. These data are integrated through a hydrological model and remote sensing technology to generate a water source distribution layer, and through combining the data of this layer, an ecological stability assessment is carried out, mainly examining the impact of water sources on plant growth, especially in the dry season and extreme climate conditions, the sustainability of water sources and the water supply situation. By calculating the matching degree between the water demand of vegetation and the water supply of water sources, a regional distribution map of the ecological stability of water source growth in the protected area is obtained. Through this analysis, areas with rich water sources and favorable for plant growth can be identified, and finally the ecological stability distribution of water source growth in the protected area is obtained.

[0109] Preferably, based on the disturbance of the ecological impact of topography and soil and water in the protected area and the ecological stability distribution of water source growth in the protected area, a monitoring area point position planning is carried out for the distribution range of habitats of rare and endangered plants in the corresponding wild plant protected area to generate sub-regions of each soil monitoring point position.

[0110] In the embodiments of the present invention, by relying on the soil and water ecological impact interference and water source growth ecological stability distribution layers generated in the foregoing steps, in this step, first, these two layers need to be superimposed to find out the areas that have an important impact on the protection of plant habitats. Through spatial analysis technology, identify those areas that are less affected by soil erosion and have good water source guarantee as the key monitoring areas for the protection of rare and endangered plant habitats. On this basis, use GIS technology to subdivide these key areas and plan multiple soil monitoring sub-regions. The setting of the monitoring points is based on factors such as soil texture, humidity, temperature, pH value, etc. to ensure the comprehensiveness and representativeness of the monitoring data. Each soil monitoring sub-region should cover different ecological and geographical environments. By regularly detecting the soil quality of these monitoring points, obtain the change data of the plant growth status in a timely manner, and finally plan and generate each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0111] Furthermore, the microbial structure and ratio evaluation module includes the following functions:

[0112] By performing soil monitoring sampling in each soil monitoring sub-region according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0113] Perform microbial community structure imaging on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to generate soil microbial microscopic cell structure maps corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0114] Obtain the corresponding soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details through the soil microbial microscopic cell structure maps corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, and perform microbial community composition feature analysis on the soil microbial microscopic cell structure maps corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details to obtain the soil microbial community composition structure features corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0115] Based on the soil microbial community composition structure features corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, perform microbial structure diversity evaluation on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity metrics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0116] Perform soil fungus ratio evaluation on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0117] As an embodiment of the present invention, refer to Figure 3 as shown, for Figure 1Schematic diagram of the functional process of the microbial structure and proportion evaluation module. In this embodiment, the microbial structure and proportion evaluation module includes the following functions:

[0118] S21: Soil monitoring samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained by performing soil monitoring sampling at each soil monitoring point sub-region according to a predetermined sampling period.

[0119] In the embodiment of the present invention, when performing soil monitoring sampling, multiple representative soil monitoring points need to be selected. First, the research area is analyzed in detail through a Geographic Information System (GIS). According to factors such as soil type, terrain features, precipitation, and vegetation distribution, several soil monitoring sub-regions are determined. Soil samples within each monitoring sub-region need to be regularly collected according to a predetermined periodic sampling plan. The sampling period can be set to once per quarter to ensure long-term and accurate monitoring of the dynamic changes of the soil. During the sampling process, standardized sampling tools, such as stainless steel sampling tubes or soil shovels, are used to collect soil samples at a unified depth (such as 30 cm), and the sample numbers and sampling positions are marked respectively. The collected soil samples should be stored in sealed bags or special containers to avoid sample contamination or interference and ensure their representativeness and accuracy. Finally, soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0120] S22: Microbial community structure imaging is performed on the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to generate soil microbial microscopic cell structure maps corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0121] In the embodiment of the present invention, when performing microbial community structure imaging on the collected soil samples, the samples need to be first sent to the laboratory for processing. Using microscope imaging technology, a high-resolution confocal microscope is used to image the microorganisms in the soil samples. During this process, through staining techniques (such as using fluorescent dyes), the cell structures of different microbial communities in the soil samples are marked. These microbial communities may include bacteria, fungi, and other single-celled organisms. The image data of the imaging needs to be processed through computer software to obtain the microbial microscopic cell structure maps corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region. The maps can reflect the overall distribution, morphological characteristics, and density changes of the microbial communities in the soil, and finally generate soil microbial microscopic cell structure maps corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0122] S23: Obtain the corresponding soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details from the soil microbial microscopic cell structure maps of each soil monitoring sub-region, and analyze the microbial community composition characteristics of the soil microbial microscopic cell structure maps corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details, so as to obtain the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0123] In the embodiment of the present invention, when analyzing the soil microbial microscopic cell structure map, first extract the detailed structures of the microbial cell wall and organelles through image processing software. For example, through high-resolution microscopic imaging technology, the thickness, morphology of the cell wall and whether it has a protective function can be distinguished, and further observe the layout and distribution of organelles in the cell such as ribosomes and mitochondria. Use an automated analysis tool to extract data from the soil microbial cell structure maps of each soil monitoring sub-region. Based on the morphological characteristics of each microbial cell, organelle distribution and other information in the map, combined with the physical and chemical properties of the soil sample, analyze the composition characteristics of the soil microbial community, and by comparing the differences in microbial communities between different regions, the types, proportions of the soil microbial community and its relationship with the soil environment can be determined, so as to deeply understand the microbial ecological status of different soil monitoring sub-regions, and finally obtain the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0124] S24: Evaluate the microbial structure diversity of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity metrics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0125] In the embodiment of the present invention, it is carried out based on the microbial community composition characteristics of each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to evaluate the species diversity of the microbial community in each soil sample through statistical analysis methods (such as Shannon-Weaver diversity index, Simpson diversity index, etc.). First, determine the relative abundances of all types of microorganisms in the sample according to the microbial community structure map of each soil sample, and calculate the richness of the species. Then, use relevant statistical analysis software to input the microbial species information of each sample for diversity index calculation. Through this evaluation, the diversity level of the microbial community in different soil monitoring sub-regions can be quantitatively described, and finally the soil microbial structure diversity metrics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0126] S25: Evaluate the proportion of soil fungi in the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to obtain the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0127] In the embodiments of the present invention, through the isolation and culture method, the microorganisms in the collected soil samples are isolated and purified, and specific culture media are selected to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. For example, selective culture media are used to isolate beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and other beneficial microorganisms, and at the same time, pathogenic bacteria selective culture media are used to screen out the possible existing pathogenic bacteria. For the obtained bacterial flora through cultivation, its morphology, staining characteristics and physiological and chemical characteristics are observed through a microscope, its species are further identified, and combined with calculation methods, the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in each soil sample is evaluated, and specific bacterial ratio data are obtained. Finally, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region is obtained.

[0128] Further, the evaluation of the soil bacterial ratio for the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region includes:

[0129] The corresponding soil microbial flora is obtained through the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, and metabolomics transformation analysis is carried out on the soil microbial flora corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microbial flora corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0130] In the embodiments of the present invention, soil samples are randomly collected regularly from multiple soil monitoring sub-regions to ensure the representativeness of the samples. The collection depth and position of each sample should be adjusted according to the soil type and environmental conditions. After the collected soil samples are processed (such as refrigeration, drying, sieving, etc.), the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology is used to identify the soil microbial community in the samples, and through the use of suitable equipment, such as the Ion Proton system or the Illumina HiSeq system, the bacterial community of the collected soil samples is analyzed. Subsequently, the microbial community data of each soil monitoring sub-region are sorted and statistically analyzed. Then, using metabolomics technology, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) equipment is used to analyze the metabolites of the microorganisms in each soil sample. Through the analysis of the metabolic data, the metabolite transformation relationship of the microorganisms in different soil monitoring sub-regions is identified, a generation and transformation network diagram of metabolites is established, the metabolite distribution and change rules of soil microorganisms are obtained, and finally the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microbial flora corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region is obtained.

[0131] Preferably, based on the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microbial flora corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the isotope tracer technology is used to conduct metabolic transformation tracking analysis on the corresponding soil microbial flora to obtain the metabolic pathway transformation path of the soil bacterial flora corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0132] In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the soil microbial metabolite transformation relationships obtained through preliminary analysis, appropriate isotope tracer markers (such as C-13, N-15, etc.) are selected. By adding the markers to soil samples, observing their metabolic transformation paths in the soil microbial community, using isotope tracer techniques (such as the isotope-labeled organic matter input method) to label different carbon sources or nitrogen sources, and through the tracking and distribution of the markers, understanding how soil microorganisms convert these markers into metabolites. This process can use mass spectrometry analysis (such as high-resolution mass spectrometry or isotope-labeled mass spectrometry) to analyze soil samples, accurately trace the metabolic process of the markers and their metabolic paths in microorganisms. Through this method, the specific transformation paths of the metabolic pathways of soil microorganisms in different soil monitoring sub-regions can be revealed, understanding their metabolic changes under different environmental conditions, and finally obtaining the metabolic pathway transformation paths of soil fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0133] Preferably, based on the metabolic pathway transformation paths of soil fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the ecological function characteristics of the corresponding soil microorganisms are analyzed to obtain the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0134] In the embodiments of the present invention, by based on the previously obtained soil microbial metabolic pathway transformation paths, analyzing the soil microbial ecological functions in each monitoring sub-region, using ecological methods, and combining with the existing ecological function classification system, classifying the functions of each type of microbial community. For example, through 16S rRNA data, the functional genes of microorganisms in the soil can be predicted, and annotated and compared through functional gene databases (such as KEGG, SEED). To further verify the functional characteristics of microorganisms, the community structure of microorganisms can be combined to analyze the soil ecological processes they participate in, such as nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle, phosphorus cycle, etc. These functional characteristics are comprehensively analyzed through the combination of metabolomics data and genomic information, which can reveal the specific ecological functions of soil microbial communities in different soil monitoring sub-regions, further providing an evaluation of the soil ecological health status, and finally obtaining the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0135] Preferably, based on the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-region, beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are isolated from the corresponding soil sampling samples to separate the beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the soil samples, and flow cytometry counting is used to count the separated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria to obtain the number of soil beneficial bacteria and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0136] In the embodiments of the present invention, by separating beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria using a selective medium according to the ecological function characteristics of soil microorganisms, different culture conditions and screening markers can be selected for separating beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the soil, such as antibiotic screening, pH selection, oxygen demand, etc. Colony separation is carried out on a suitable medium by methods such as the spread plate method and the pour plate method. Further identification is carried out through morphology and molecular biology (such as 16S rRNA gene amplification). The separated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are counted by using flow cytometry (such as FACS technology). By setting different cell markers, the number of each type of bacterial population is accurately counted. Flow cytometry can not only quantitatively analyze the number of bacterial populations in a sample, but also analyze the activity and distribution of the bacterial populations. Through this process, the accurate numbers of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained, and finally the corresponding numbers of soil beneficial bacteria and soil pathogenic bacteria in each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0137] Preferably, soil fungal proportion assessment and calculation are carried out according to the corresponding numbers of soil beneficial bacteria and soil pathogenic bacteria in each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0138] In the embodiments of the present invention, by calculating the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria in the soil sample based on the previously obtained quantity data of beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, this calculation can use a simple ratio formula: ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria = number of beneficial bacteria / number of pathogenic bacteria. According to this ratio, the soil ecological balance of each soil monitoring sub-region can be further analyzed. If the number of beneficial bacteria is more than that of pathogenic bacteria, it indicates that the soil health in this region is better; if pathogenic bacteria are dominant, there is a risk of soil degradation or disease. This ratio calculation can provide a scientific basis for agricultural planting, plant protection, etc. and provide a direction for soil management and improvement, and finally obtain the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0139] Furthermore, the soil ecological quality monitoring module includes the following functions:

[0140] Dilute the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to generate soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0141] In the embodiments of the present invention, the soil samples collected from each soil monitoring sub-region will be transferred to a special container for solution dilution. First, using aseptic operation techniques, an appropriate amount of soil sample, usually 10 g of soil, is added to a certain volume of physiological saline (0.85% NaCl solution) or buffer solution (such as PBS buffer solution) to ensure that the sample is not contaminated by the outside world. During this process, the volume of the added liquid should be adjusted according to the type of soil sample and the required dilution degree, usually 10 times the volume of the soil. After thorough mixing, the mixture is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to precipitate the larger particles in the soil, and the supernatant is obtained, finally generating the soil sample solution corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0142] Preferably, soil nucleic acid extraction is performed on the soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0143] In the embodiments of the present invention, through nucleic acid extraction for the soil sample solution corresponding to each monitoring sub-region, the target is the microbial DNA in the soil. For this purpose, common soil DNA extraction kits on the market (such as products of QIAGEN or Omega) are used. The main steps include mixing the diluted soil solution with the extraction buffer and lysis reagent, and using mechanical grinding or freeze-thaw cycles to perform lysis treatment on the soil sample to break the cell wall in the soil and release DNA. Next, centrifugal separation technology is used to separate the dissolved DNA, and the DNA is purified through steps such as filtration, washing, and multiple centrifugations to obtain a high-purity soil nucleic acid solution. The extracted soil nucleic acid fragments should be quantitatively analyzed to ensure that the concentration of DNA is suitable for downstream analysis, and finally, soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0144] Preferably, nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups are obtained, and based on the nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups, target in-situ nucleic acid capture is performed on the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0145] In an embodiment of the present invention, in-situ nucleic acid capture is carried out by using nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups (such as biotin or oligonucleotide probes). These nanoparticles are usually based on gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles or magnetic beads, and the surfaces of these particles are functionalized to bind to specific nucleic acid sequences. During the operation, first, the nanoparticles with specific affinity groups are mixed with the soil nucleic acid fragment solution, and the reaction time is generally set to 1 hour to ensure that the affinity groups are fully bound to the target nucleic acid fragments. At this time, if the soil nucleic acid fragments contain the target gene sequence, the affinity group nanoparticles will capture the nucleic acid fragments of these target genes through interaction. Through steps such as magnetic separation and washing, the non-specifically bound nucleic acids are removed, and finally, the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0146] Preferably, nutrient gene abundance analysis is performed on the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nutrient cycle-related gene abundances corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0147] In an embodiment of the present invention, after obtaining the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences, gene abundance analysis is carried out. First, high-throughput sequencing technology (such as the Illumina platform or the Nanopore platform) is used to sequence the extracted target gene fragments to obtain the corresponding gene sequence data, and through sequence alignment and database matching, the abundances of the genes involved in nutrient cycling in each soil monitoring sub-region are analyzed. During the calculation process, according to the copy number and sequencing depth of the target gene, the relative abundances of different genes are determined, and their potential roles in soil nutrient cycling are further analyzed. This analysis result can reflect the contribution degree of the microbial population in the soil to nutrient cycling, and finally, the soil nutrient cycle-related gene abundances corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0148] Preferably, based on the soil microbial structure diversity metric, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the soil nutrient cycle-related gene abundances corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is used to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring site sub-region to obtain the soil ecological quality health degrees corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0149] In an embodiment of the present invention, by combining the total number of soil monitoring sub-regions, the spatial range size of the soil monitoring sub-regions, the soil microbial structure diversity metric, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, the soil nutrient cycle-related gene abundances, the gene abundance decay factor, and related parameters, a suitable soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is formed to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring site sub-region, so as to comprehensively score the ecological quality of each soil monitoring sub-region, and finally, the soil ecological quality health degrees corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0150] Further, the nutrient gene abundance analysis of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region includes:

[0151] Gradually degrade the chemical composition of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0152] In the embodiments of the present invention, by selecting representative soil samples from each soil monitoring sub-region, in order to gradually degrade the chemical composition of the gene nucleic acid fragments in these soil samples, specific chemical methods are used for treatment. Commonly used degradation methods include chemically decomposing the soil samples with acidic or alkaline solutions of a certain concentration. Through this treatment, the organic and inorganic substances contained in the soil are gradually dissolved or degraded to extract the target gene. Usually, chemical reagents for removing the organic matter components in the soil, such as ammonium chloride, ammonia water, etc., are used. At the same time, multiple washing and centrifugation steps are taken to remove unnecessary chemical substances and impurities. The degradation process requires precise control of temperature, solution concentration, and reaction time to ensure that the gene nucleic acid fragments in the soil are effectively released and not severely degraded, and finally the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0153] Preferably, perform fragment base sequencing on the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nucleic acid fragment base arrangement sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0154] In the embodiments of the present invention, after the degradation is completed, the obtained soil gene nucleic acid mixture is further processed. In this step, the nucleic acid is fragmented by using enzymatic digestion technology. Appropriate restriction endonucleases are selected to cut the nucleic acid of each soil sample to obtain multiple nucleic acid fragments of different lengths. Subsequently, these nucleic acid fragments are separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gel electrophoresis technology and subjected to fragment base sequencing. These tools can effectively separate fragments of different sizes according to the molecular size differences of the fragments and determine the base arrangement order of each fragment through the analysis of the base sequence. During the analysis, an automated DNA sequencer can be used, combined with fluorescently labeled probes to detect DNA, and finally the soil nucleic acid fragment base arrangement sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0155] Preferably, obtain a database of gene sequences known to participate in the nutrient cycle, and perform nucleic acid sequence alignment on the soil nucleic acid fragment base arrangement sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the database of gene sequences known to participate in the nutrient cycle to obtain the soil gene fragments known to participate in the nutrient cycle corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region;

[0156] In an embodiment of the present invention, by utilizing a known gene sequence database involved in nutrient cycling and comparing the base sequences of nucleic acid fragments in soil samples through a comparison method. In specific operations, first, the gene database known to be involved in nutrient cycling is imported into the comparison system. This database contains multiple gene information related to plant nutrient cycling and microbial activities. Through an efficient BLAST comparison algorithm, the base sequences of nucleic acid fragments in each soil sample are compared to find the sequences that best match the known genes in the database. During the comparison process, a certain matching threshold and error tolerance mechanism can be set to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the comparison. Finally, the gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0157] Preferably, quantitative fluorescence detection is performed on the gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling in the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the fluorescence signal intensity of soil nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0158] In an embodiment of the present invention, after completing the gene sequence comparison, it enters the step of quantitative fluorescence detection of the gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling. First, through primer design technology, specific primers are designed for the known nutrient cycling gene fragments. These primers will bind to specific target gene sequences, enabling the enrichment of target gene fragments in PCR amplification. In fluorescence labeling detection, fluorescence probe technology is adopted, in combination with a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, and the abundance of target gene fragments is reflected by detecting the fluorescence signal intensity. Each fluorescence probe will bind to a specific region on the target gene fragment. When the PCR amplification reaction proceeds, the fluorescence signal of the probe will be released accordingly. The intensity of the signal is monitored and recorded by a real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, thereby quantitatively analyzing the content of the target gene in each soil sample. The signal intensity is proportional to the gene abundance. By comparing the signal intensities of different soil samples, the level of nutrient cycling activities in the soil of each sub-region can be evaluated, and finally, the fluorescence signal intensity of soil nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region is obtained.

[0159] Preferably, based on the fluorescence signal intensity of soil nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the nutrient gene abundance of the corresponding gene fragments known to be involved in nutrient cycling in the soil is inversed to obtain the nutrient cycling gene abundance of the soil corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region.

[0160] In the embodiments of the present invention, by using the previously obtained fluorescence signal intensity data, the abundances of nutrient cycling genes in each soil sample are inversely calculated through a quantitative method. To achieve this goal, first, a standard curve needs to be constructed based on the relationship between the fluorescence signal intensity of different genes and known standards, and by using standard samples with known abundances, the fluorescence signal intensities are obtained through the same fluorescence labeling detection method, so as to deduce the quantitative relationship between the signal intensity and the abundance. On this basis, by comparing the fluorescence signal intensity of each soil sample with the standard curve fitting, the abundances of various nutrient cycling genes in the soil sample are calculated. The results of abundance inversion can accurately reflect the activity levels of genes related to nutrient cycling in different soil monitoring sub-regions, and finally, the abundances of soil genes participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region are obtained.

[0161] Furthermore, the specific formula for calculating the soil ecological quality is as follows:

[0162] ;

[0163] In the formula, is the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the total number of soil monitoring sub-regions, is the spatial range size of the soil monitoring sub-region, is the spatial position variable parameter, is the measure of soil microbial structure diversity corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the number of beneficial soil bacteria corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the ratio of beneficial soil bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the abundance of soil genes participating in nutrient cycling at the position of the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the gene abundance decay factor corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region, is the correction coefficient of the soil ecological quality health degree.

[0164] The present invention has obtained a soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula through the use of a specific mathematical model and verification, which is used to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding sub-region of the soil monitoring site. The process described by this soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is a comprehensive model that evaluates the health status of the soil ecosystem through multiple key variables. Especially in terms of the relationship with soil microorganisms, diversity, gene abundance, and the ratio of harmful bacteria / beneficial bacteria, the diversity of soil microorganisms is a key factor in soil ecological quality. By measuring different microbial species and their relative abundances, the biodiversity of the soil can be judged. High diversity usually means that the soil ecosystem is more stable and can better cope with external environmental changes, such as climate change or the use of pesticides; beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposing bacteria are crucial for soil nutrient cycling, while pathogenic bacteria have a negative impact on crop and plant growth. The corresponding ratio values can reflect the health of the soil ecosystem. A higher proportion of beneficial bacteria indicates that the soil is more likely to support crop growth and other beneficial ecological processes; the gene abundance involved in nutrient cycling examines the abundance of genes related to nutrient cycling in the soil, which is usually closely related to soil fertility and plant nutrient supply. A higher abundance of nutrient cycling genes indicates that the soil performs well in recycling organic and inorganic nutrients. By measuring soil characteristics at different locations, the spatial variation of soil ecological quality can be more accurately understood. This spatial variability takes into account the influence of factors such as climate, plant cover, and land use in different plots. The spatial decay factor is used to describe the decay trend of gene abundance or other ecological characteristics as the distance increases. Usually, as the distance increases, gene abundance, microbial activity, etc. will weaken. Therefore, the introduction of this decay factor can better reflect the dynamic change of soil characteristics with spatial position. This formula synthesizes multiple factors such as microbial diversity, nutrient gene abundance, and the ratio of beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria to quantitatively evaluate the health status of the soil. By calculating the health degree of each monitoring area, refined soil health management can be achieved. In addition, a correction coefficient is introduced to adjust the output result of the calculation formula, considering the influence of other potential factors (such as human activities, seasonal changes, etc.) on soil quality, which makes the calculation result more in line with the actual situation and more accurate. To sum up, this formula fully considers the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to the total number of soil monitoring sub-regions spatial range size of the soil monitoring sub-region spatial position variable parameter the soil microbial structure diversity metric corresponding to the the number of beneficial bacteria in the soil corresponding to the the The number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to a soil monitoring sub-region , the Ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region , the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling at the location of the th soil monitoring sub-region , the Gene abundance decay factor corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region , the correction coefficient of soil ecological quality health degree , according to the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to the th soil monitoring sub-region and the mutual correlation relationships between the above parameters form a functional relationship , this formula can realize the soil ecological quality monitoring process for the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-region. Meanwhile, through the introduction of the correction coefficient of soil ecological quality health degree , it can be adjusted according to the error situation in the calculation process, thereby improving the accuracy and applicability of the soil ecological quality evaluation calculation formula.

[0165] Furthermore, the soil quality early warning and prevention module includes the following functions:

[0166] Compare and judge the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region according to a preset soil ecological quality risk threshold. If the soil ecological quality health degree is less than the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, then the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region is determined as a soil quality abnormal region; if the soil ecological quality health degree is greater than or equal to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, then the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region is determined as a soil quality normal region;

[0167] In the embodiment of the present invention, by setting a preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, this threshold is obtained based on scientific research and historical data analysis and is used as a standard to distinguish healthy and abnormal soil quality. Specifically, when the ecological health degree of a certain soil monitoring sub-region is lower than this threshold, it indicates that the soil quality of this region is significantly abnormal and needs to be determined as a "soil quality abnormal region"; if the ecological health degree of this sub-region is higher than or equal to this risk threshold, it indicates that the soil quality of this region is better and belongs to a "soil quality normal region". These determination results can be used by data processing software to perform real-time calculations on the monitoring data to generate a corresponding soil quality status report, thereby generating the soil quality evaluation results for each sub-region.

[0168] Preferably, a quality anomaly trigger warning is performed on the soil monitoring sub-region corresponding to the area determined to have abnormal soil quality in the wild plant reserve to generate a quality anomaly warning signal for the protected sub-region;

[0169] In the embodiment of the present invention, it is necessary to classify all soil monitoring sub-regions in the wild plant reserve and determine which regions belong to the "abnormal soil quality regions". These abnormal regions usually have a low soil health score and are affected by pollution, over-tillage or other human factors, resulting in low microbial diversity, low fungal proportion and low nutrient abundance. By using a high-precision soil quality monitoring system or drone inspection technology, these abnormal regions are further analyzed and confirmed. Based on these confirmed abnormal regions, a quality anomaly warning is automatically triggered. Real-time monitoring and warning can be achieved through a sensor network or Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This warning process will generate a warning signal for the quality anomaly of the protected sub-region and transmit the alarm information to the monitoring platform or alarm system of the regional management personnel through wireless communication technology (such as Zigbee or LoRa). In this way, the management personnel can obtain real-time feedback on the abnormal soil quality and take necessary measures in time, and finally respond to generate a quality anomaly warning signal for the protected sub-region.

[0170] Preferably, based on the quality anomaly warning signal of the protected sub-region, a quality warning response analysis is performed on the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region in the wild plant reserve to generate soil quality warning prevention and control measures for the reserve, including local soil improvement in the reserve, pest and disease community prevention and control, and adjustment of the scope of human activity interference, so as to carry out the corresponding soil prevention and control work in the wild plant reserve.

[0171] In the embodiments of the present invention, based on the generated quality anomaly warning signals, the management personnel need to conduct a detailed warning response analysis on the affected soil monitoring sub-regions. First, use Geographic Information System (GIS) software to spatially locate the soil quality anomaly areas within the wild plant reserve, and combine information such as the ecological characteristics, soil types, and species distribution of wild plants in this area for comprehensive evaluation. According to the analysis results, formulate a series of targeted prevention and control measures. The specific measures include, for soil improvement, applying organic fertilizers and additives for improving soil structure (such as lime, mineral soil, etc.) to improve the nutrient components and pH value of the soil; for the occurrence of pests and diseases, deploy biological control measures, such as releasing beneficial natural enemy organisms, or using low-toxic and highly effective green pesticides for prevention and control; for the interference of human activities, adjust the tourist routes and the scope of farming activities within the reserve to reduce the further damage of human activities to soil quality. All these prevention and control measures need to be dynamically tracked through the soil quality monitoring system to ensure the implementation effect of the measures and adjust the strategies when necessary. These prevention and control efforts should be combined with the overall plan for wild plant protection to ensure the restoration of ecological balance and the protection of the plant growth environment, and finally implement the corresponding soil prevention and control work in the wild plant reserve.

[0172] Therefore, in any aspect, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to embrace all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the application document within the present invention.

[0173] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection, characterized in that, It includes the following modules: A protected area monitoring point planning module, which is used to obtain the plant species distribution, topography and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area, and plan the monitoring area points of the wild plant protected area based on the plant species distribution, topography and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant protected area, so as to generate sub-regions of each soil monitoring point; A microbial structure and proportion evaluation module, which is used to conduct soil monitoring sampling in each sub-region of the soil monitoring point according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; evaluate the soil microbial structure and fungal proportion of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measure and the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; among them, it includes the following functions: Conduct soil monitoring sampling in each sub-region of the soil monitoring point according to a predetermined sampling period to obtain soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Image the microbial community structure of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to generate a soil microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Obtain the corresponding soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details through the soil microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, and analyze the microbial community composition characteristics of the soil microbial microscopic cell structure map corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the soil microbial cell wall and organelle structure details to obtain the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Evaluate the microbial structure diversity of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region based on the soil microbial community composition structure characteristics corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil microbial structure diversity measure corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Evaluate the soil fungal proportion of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; it includes: Obtain the corresponding soil microorganisms through the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, and conduct metabolomics transformation analysis on the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Based on the metabolite transformation relationship of the soil microorganisms corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, use isotope tracing technology to conduct metabolic transformation tracking analysis on the corresponding soil microorganisms to obtain the metabolic pathway transformation path of the soil fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Analyze the ecological function characteristics of the fungi based on the metabolic pathway transformation path of the soil fungi corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-region; Beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are isolated from the corresponding soil sampling samples based on the soil ecological function characteristics corresponding to different soil fungi in each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to isolate beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria from the soil samples, and flow cytometry counting is used to count the isolated beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, obtaining the number of soil beneficial bacteria and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Soil fungal ratio evaluation calculation is carried out according to the number of soil beneficial bacteria and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to obtain the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Soil ecological quality monitoring module, which is used to analyze the nutrient gene abundance of the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, obtaining the gene abundance of the soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the gene abundance of the soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring site sub-region is monitored, so as to obtain the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; among them, it includes the following functions: Dilute the soil sampling samples corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to generate the soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Extract soil nucleic acids from the soil sample solutions corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Obtain nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups, and based on the nanoparticles with specific nucleic acid affinity groups, perform target in-situ nucleic acid capture on the soil nucleic acid fragments corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, so as to obtain the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Carry out nutrient gene abundance analysis on the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, obtaining the gene abundance of the soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; it includes: Gradually degrade the chemical composition of the soil target gene nucleic acid fragment sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Sort the fragment bases of the soil gene nucleic acid chemical composition sequences corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region to obtain the soil nucleic acid fragment base arrangement order corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Obtain a database of known gene sequences participating in nutrient cycling, and based on the database of known gene sequences participating in nutrient cycling, perform nucleic acid sequence alignment on the soil nucleic acid fragment base arrangement orders corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, obtaining the soil known gene fragments participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Carry out fluorescence-labeled quantitative detection on the soil known gene fragments participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, obtaining the fluorescence signal intensity of the soil participating in nutrient cycling corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Based on the fluorescence signal intensity of the soil participating in the nutrient cycle corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the nutrient gene abundance of the corresponding known soil gene fragments participating in the nutrient cycle is inversely retrieved to obtain the soil gene abundance of the soil participating in the nutrient cycle corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; Based on the soil microbial structure diversity measurement, the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria, and the soil gene abundance of the soil participating in the nutrient cycle corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, the soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is used to monitor the soil ecological quality of the corresponding soil monitoring point sub-region, so as to obtain the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region; wherein, the specific soil ecological quality assessment calculation formula is: Where Q i is the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to the i-th soil monitoring sub-region, n is the total number of soil monitoring sub-regions, Ω is the spatial range size of the soil monitoring sub-region, x is the spatial position variable parameter, D i is the soil microbial structure diversity measure corresponding to the i-th soil monitoring sub-region, A i is the number of soil beneficial bacteria corresponding to the i-th soil monitoring sub-region, B i is the number of soil pathogenic bacteria corresponding to the i-th soil monitoring sub-region, is the ratio of soil beneficial bacteria to pathogenic bacteria corresponding to the i-th soil monitoring sub-region, G i (x) is the gene abundance of soil participating in nutrient cycling at position x in the i-th soil monitoring sub-region, λ i is the gene abundance decay factor corresponding to the i-th soil monitoring sub-region, and ξ is the correction coefficient of soil ecological quality health degree; The soil quality early warning and prevention module is used to perform quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding wild plant reserve based on the soil ecological quality health degree corresponding to each soil monitoring sub-region, generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the reserve, and execute the corresponding wild plant reserve soil prevention work.

2. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 1, characterized in that The reserve monitoring point planning module includes the following functions: Obtain the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve; Obtain the topography and geomorphology corresponding to the wild plant reserve; Obtain the water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve; Conduct ecological geographical information fusion of the reserve based on the plant species distribution, topography and geomorphology, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve, so as to construct and generate a reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer; Based on the reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer, conduct monitoring area point planning for the wild plant reserve to generate each soil monitoring point sub-region.

3. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 2, characterized in that The ecological geographical information fusion of the reserve according to the plant species distribution, topography and geomorphology, and water source condition distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve includes: Obtain the corresponding species abundance and rare plant habitat distribution through the plant species distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve; Analyze the terrain slope and aspect of the topography and geomorphology corresponding to the wild plant reserve through a digital elevation model to obtain the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve; Based on the terrain elevation slope and aspect distribution corresponding to the wild plant reserve, conduct ecological geographical information fusion of the corresponding water source condition distribution, species abundance, and rare plant habitat distribution to construct and generate a reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer.

4. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The monitoring area point planning for the wild plant reserve based on the reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer includes: Obtain the distribution range of the habitats of rare and endangered plants in the reserve through the plant species distribution in the reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer; Based on the topography and geomorphology in the reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer, conduct ecological impact interference analysis on the corresponding soil erosion in the wild plant reserve to obtain the reserve terrain soil and water ecological impact interference; Based on the water source condition distribution in the reserve ecological geographical fusion distribution layer, conduct ecological stability assessment analysis on the growth of wild plants in the wild plant reserve to obtain the reserve water source growth ecological stability distribution; Based on the impact and interference of the terrain, water and soil ecology in the protected area, as well as the distribution of the ecological stability of the water sources in the protected area, the distribution range of the habitats of rare and endangered plants in the corresponding wild plant protected area is monitored and the regional point positions are planned to generate sub-regions for each soil monitoring point position.

5. The soil quality monitoring system for wild plant protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil quality early warning and prevention module includes the following functions: Compare and judge the soil ecological quality health degree of each soil monitoring sub-region according to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold. If the soil ecological quality health degree is less than the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region is determined as a soil quality abnormal area; if the soil ecological quality health degree is greater than or equal to the preset soil ecological quality risk threshold, the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region is determined as a soil quality normal area; Trigger an early warning for the quality abnormality of the soil monitoring sub-region determined as a soil quality abnormal area within the wild plant protected area to generate a quality abnormality early warning signal for the protected sub-region; Based on the quality abnormality early warning signal of the protected sub-region, conduct a quality early warning response analysis on the corresponding soil monitoring sub-region within the wild plant protected area, and generate soil quality early warning and prevention measures for the protected area, including local soil improvement in the protected area, pest and disease community prevention and control, and adjustment of the scope of human activity interference, so as to implement the corresponding soil prevention work in the wild plant protected area.

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