Ship limited space safety training method

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a ship limited space safety training method, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a special simulated limited space tool for a ship, presetting eight types of static potential safety hazard models at least including electrical potential hazard, gas leakage potential hazard, falling potential hazard, ventilation defect, escape passage deficiency, combustible accumulation, oxygen-deficient environment simulation and monitoring system defect inside and outside the limited space tool; training students are divided into two groups, each group alternately enters a simulation limited space through a ship manhole structure to carry out on-site hidden danger recognition, the single experience time is controlled to be 5-8 min, and the types and the number of hidden dangers recognized by the training students are recorded; and implementing hierarchical interactive teaching at least comprising a primary stage, an advanced stage and an assessment stage. According to the technical scheme of the invention, a multi-dimensional simulation system and a hierarchical training mechanism can be constructed, and the quantification of the training effect and the improvement of the risk prevention and control capability can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of safety training, and in particular relates to a ship confined space safety training method. Background Art

[0002] There are many accidents in confined spaces in major shipbuilding companies, including explosions, poisoning, suffocation, electric shock, falling, and object impact. In order to educate employees more intuitively and let them experience various accident hazards firsthand. There are three major pain points in traditional ship confined space training: insufficient scene restoration leads to "paper talk", lack of systematic identification of hidden dangers, and formal emergency response training. According to statistics, about 67% of accidents are caused by repetitive illegal operations, and the existing training system is difficult to effectively improve trainees' risk perception and practical ability.

[0003] However, traditional teaching aids cannot restore the complex structure of ships (such as pipes and double-bottom tanks), the hidden dangers are displayed statically, and there is a lack of simulation of the dynamic evolution of accident chains. The training effect evaluation is not dynamically linked to the physiological indicators of the crew, resulting in a training conversion rate of less than 42% (DNV GL 2023 statistics).

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a ship confined space safety training method that can quantify the training effect and improve the risk prevention and control capabilities by building a multi-dimensional simulation system and a graded training mechanism has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a ship confined space safety training method, which can achieve quantification of training effects and improvement of risk prevention and control capabilities by constructing a multi-dimensional simulation system and a graded training mechanism.

[0006] In an embodiment of the present invention, a ship confined space safety training method is provided, comprising:

[0007] S101. Construct a ship-specific simulated confined space tooling, wherein at least eight types of static safety hazard models including electrical hazards, gas leakage hazards, falling hazards, ventilation defects, lack of escape routes, accumulation of combustibles, hypoxic environment simulation, and defects in the monitoring system are preset inside and outside the confined space tooling;

[0008] S102. Divide the trainees into two groups. Each group will alternately enter the simulated limited space through the ship manhole structure to conduct on-site hidden danger identification. The single experience time is controlled within 5 minutes to 8 minutes, and the type and number of hidden dangers identified by each trainee are recorded;

[0009] S103. Implement graded interactive teaching including at least the primary stage, advanced stage and assessment stage:

[0010] The primary stage includes: trainees state the identified hidden dangers and corresponding corrective measures one by one, and each trainee is required to present the hidden danger types without duplication;

[0011] The advanced stage includes: the trainer demonstrates the chain reaction model after the hidden danger worsens based on the ship accident case library;

[0012] The assessment phase includes: reproducing hidden danger scenarios through virtual reality equipment to test students' emergency decision-making capabilities.

[0013] Furthermore, the electrical hazards include:

[0014] The simulated 380V power cable is not laid overhead, and artificial damage points are set on the cable sheath;

[0015] Non-explosion-proof lamp models are used in explosion-proof areas, and the lampshade missing rate is ≥ 30%;

[0016] Cable tray ungrounded model, ground resistance simulation value > 4Ω.

[0017] Furthermore, the gas leakage hazards include:

[0018] The simulated value of the height between the end of the ship oil tank ventilation pipe model and the bottom of the tank is 0.5m to 0.8m, which is lower than the standard requirement of 1.2m;

[0019] The oxygen-acetylene airway interface model was set to a micro-leak state, and the leakage rate was simulated to be 0.2L / min;

[0020] The residual gas pressure of the blind end model of the CO2 fire extinguishing pipeline is ≥0.3MPa.

[0021] Furthermore, the standards for constructing the fall hazard are:

[0022] The simulated value of the ship rib step spacing is 400mm to 450mm, which exceeds the 300mm allowed by the specification;

[0023] Double bottom manhole cover unlocked model, opening angle ≥45°;

[0024] The scaffolding erection model is missing transverse connecting rods, and the gap rate is ≥20%.

[0025] Furthermore, the simulated limited space tooling includes: a typical ship structure module, a hidden danger modular installation system and an acoustic and optical feedback device;

[0026] The typical ship structure module includes a three-dimensional replica model of a segmented cabin, a pipe passage and a ballast tank;

[0027] The hidden danger modular installation system adopts a magnetic quick-release interface, and the replacement time of a single hidden danger is ≤30s;

[0028] The sound and light feedback device triggers a third-level alarm signal when the trainee touches a high-risk hidden danger.

[0029] Furthermore, the assessment phase of step S103 adopts: a dynamic risk assessment system, an emergency response timer and a decision tree scoring module;

[0030] The dynamic risk assessment system generates a risk index curve in real time according to the trainee's operation;

[0031] The emergency response timer requires trainees to complete within 90 seconds: sending a virtual alarm signal including at least the ship's position coordinates, accident type and number of casualties; initiating primary emergency measures including virtual deployment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment;

[0032] The decision tree scoring module performs a weighted evaluation of the ventilation efficiency and the distance to the safety zone of the escape path selected by the trainee.

[0033] Furthermore, the method further comprises: a post-training performance enhancement mechanism;

[0034] The post-training effectiveness enhancement mechanism includes: establishing electronic files of trainees to record individual weaknesses and hidden danger types;

[0035] Customized refresher training content is pushed out monthly, including: hidden danger maps of specific areas of the ship, including the engine room, pump room, and cargo tank; and 3D reconstruction videos of similar historical accidents;

[0036] Implement VR remote assessment, and trainees are required to complete the safety inspection of the designated cabin within the set time.

[0037] Furthermore, the defects of the guardianship system include:

[0038] Simulate the guardian leaving the post model, and the positioning beacon disappears for more than 3 minutes;

[0039] Communication equipment failure model, walkie-talkie signal-to-noise ratio simulation value <10dB;

[0040] Model of emergency supplies missing, including insufficient air respirator pressure and expired medicines in the first aid kit.

[0041] Furthermore, the hidden dangers of accumulation of combustibles include:

[0042] Simulated oil pollution diffusion area in ship engine room ≥2m 2 , the flash point is set at 60±5℃;

[0043] The model of the unisolated paint operation area has a peak concentration of combustible gas simulated to reach 50% of the lower explosion limit;

[0044] Simulated value of waste cotton yarn accumulation ≥ 10kg / m 3, and set up smoldering temperature detection points.

[0045] Furthermore, electronic files of trainees are established to record individual weaknesses and potential risks, including:

[0046] Hidden danger identification response time distribution diagram, marking the links that exceed the industry standard value;

[0047] Spatial cognitive ability assessment, showing the coverage of the trainees’ inspection paths through heat maps;

[0048] Generate a comparative report showing the reduction in on-site violation rates before and after training, with a target value of ≥70%.

[0049] The beneficial effects brought by the present invention are as follows:

[0050] It can be seen from the above scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for ship confined space safety training, including: constructing a ship-specific simulated confined space tooling, presetting at least eight types of static safety hazard models including electrical hazards, gas leakage hazards, falling hazards, ventilation defects, missing escape routes, accumulation of combustibles, hypoxic environment simulation and defects in the guardianship system inside and outside the confined space tooling; dividing the trainees into two groups, each group alternately enters the simulated confined space through the ship manhole structure to identify hidden dangers on the spot, and the single experience time is controlled at 5min to 8min, and the type and number of hidden dangers identified by each trainee are recorded; implementing graded interactive teaching including at least the primary stage, advanced stage and assessment stage. The technical scheme of the present invention can achieve quantification of training effects and improvement of risk prevention and control capabilities by constructing a multi-dimensional simulation system and a graded training mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a ship confined space safety training method according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a ship confined space safety training method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] In the figure, a ship confined space safety training method includes:

[0055] S101. Construct a ship-specific simulated confined space tooling, wherein at least eight types of static safety hazard models including electrical hazards, gas leakage hazards, falling hazards, ventilation defects, lack of escape routes, accumulation of combustibles, hypoxic environment simulation, and defects in the monitoring system are preset inside and outside the confined space tooling;

[0056] S102. Divide the trainees into two groups. Each group will alternately enter the simulated limited space through the ship manhole structure to conduct on-site hidden danger identification. The single experience time is controlled within 5 minutes to 8 minutes, and the type and number of hidden dangers identified by each trainee are recorded;

[0057] S103. Implement graded interactive teaching including at least the primary stage, advanced stage and assessment stage:

[0058] The primary stage includes: trainees state the identified hidden dangers and corresponding corrective measures one by one, and each trainee is required to present the hidden danger types without duplication;

[0059] The advanced stage includes: the trainer demonstrates the chain reaction model after the hidden danger worsens based on the ship accident case library;

[0060] The assessment phase includes: reproducing hidden danger scenarios through virtual reality equipment to test students' emergency decision-making capabilities.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present invention, by constructing a simulation tool, namely: replicating typical limited spaces of ships (such as engine rooms, ballast tanks, cargo tanks), eight types of static hidden danger models are preset internally; externally integrating ship manholes, double bottom structures and ventilation systems to restore real operating scenes. Trainees can become familiar with the unique spatial layout of ships during training; among them, the hidden danger models cover the types of accidents that occur frequently in the shipping industry (such as oil tank gas leakage and electrical fires), and improve risk identification capabilities in a targeted manner.

[0062] The system adopts group hidden danger identification, and trainees are divided into groups and enter alternately through the ship manholes, equipped with a four-in-one gas detector simulator; the single experience time is controlled at 5min to 8min to simulate the time pressure of real operations. The alternate entry design of the manhole simulates the multi-entry operation scene of the ship and enhances the sense of spatial direction; the time limit mechanism trains trainees to make quick decisions in a tight environment.

[0063] In addition, at the primary stage: students state hidden dangers and rectification measures to ensure that each person raises unique questions; at the advanced stage: combined with the accident case library (such as the CO2 asphyxiation accident at a shipyard), the chain reaction of hidden dangers is demonstrated; at the assessment stage: the scene is reproduced through VR equipment to test the emergency response speed. The step-by-step teaching adapts to students of different levels and avoids the "one-size-fits-all" training model; VR technology simulates the deterioration process of the accident to strengthen students' awareness of the severity of the risk.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, the electrical hazards include:

[0065] The simulated 380V power cable is not laid overhead, and artificial damage points are set on the cable sheath;

[0066] Non-explosion-proof lamp models are used in explosion-proof areas, and the lampshade missing rate is ≥ 30%;

[0067] Cable tray ungrounded model, ground resistance simulation value > 4Ω.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present invention, through high-precision resistance simulation, students can master the detection standards of grounding failure, and the damaged cable model intuitively demonstrates the risk of arc sparks.

[0069] In another embodiment of the present invention, the gas leakage hazard includes:

[0070] The simulated value of the height between the end of the ship oil tank ventilation pipe model and the bottom of the tank is 0.5m to 0.8m, which is lower than the standard requirement of 1.2m;

[0071] The oxygen-acetylene airway interface model was set to a micro-leak state, and the leakage rate was simulated to be 0.2L / min;

[0072] The residual gas pressure of the blind end model of the CO2 fire extinguishing pipeline is ≥0.3MPa.

[0073] In the embodiment of the present invention, the standard for constructing the falling hazard is:

[0074] The simulated value of the ship rib step spacing is 400mm to 450mm, which exceeds the 300mm allowed by the specification;

[0075] Double bottom manhole cover unlocked model, opening angle ≥45°;

[0076] The scaffolding erection model is missing transverse connecting rods, and the gap rate is ≥20%.

[0077] In another embodiment of the present invention, the simulated limited space tooling includes: a typical ship structure module, a hidden danger modular installation system and an acoustic and optical feedback device;

[0078] The typical ship structure module includes a three-dimensional replica model of a segmented cabin, a pipe passage and a ballast tank;

[0079] The hidden danger modular installation system adopts a magnetic quick-release interface, and the replacement time of a single hidden danger is ≤30s;

[0080] The sound and light feedback device triggers a third-level alarm signal when the trainee touches a high-risk hidden danger.

[0081] In another embodiment of the present invention, the assessment phase of step S103 adopts: a dynamic risk assessment system, an emergency response timer and a decision tree scoring module;

[0082] The dynamic risk assessment system generates a risk index curve in real time according to the trainee's operation;

[0083] The emergency response timer requires trainees to complete within 90 seconds: sending a virtual alarm signal including at least the ship's position coordinates, accident type and number of casualties; initiating primary emergency measures including virtual deployment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment;

[0084] The decision tree scoring module performs a weighted evaluation of the ventilation efficiency and the distance to the safety zone of the escape path selected by the trainee.

[0085] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: a post-training performance enhancement mechanism;

[0086] The post-training effectiveness enhancement mechanism includes: establishing electronic files of trainees to record individual weaknesses and hidden danger types;

[0087] Customized refresher training content is pushed out monthly, including: hidden danger maps of specific areas of the ship, including the engine room, pump room, and cargo tank; and 3D reconstruction videos of similar historical accidents;

[0088] Implement VR remote assessment, and trainees are required to complete the safety inspection of the designated cabin within the set time.

[0089] In the embodiments of the present invention, site restrictions are overcome to achieve remote synchronous training; by tracking virtual violation points, high-risk behaviors in actual operations are predicted.

[0090] In another embodiment of the present invention, the defects of the guardianship system include:

[0091] Simulate the guardian leaving the post model, and the positioning beacon disappears for more than 3 minutes;

[0092] Communication equipment failure model, walkie-talkie signal-to-noise ratio simulation value <10dB;

[0093] Model of emergency supplies missing, including insufficient air respirator pressure and expired medicines in the first aid kit.

[0094] In another embodiment of the present invention, the hidden danger of accumulation of combustibles includes:

[0095] Simulated oil pollution diffusion area in ship engine room ≥2m 2 , the flash point is set at 60±5℃;

[0096] The model of the unisolated paint operation area has a peak concentration of combustible gas simulated to reach 50% of the lower explosion limit;

[0097] Simulated value of waste cotton yarn accumulation ≥ 10kg / m 3 , and set up smoldering temperature detection points.

[0098] In another embodiment of the present invention, an electronic file of trainees is established to record individual weaknesses and hidden danger types, including:

[0099] Hidden danger identification response time distribution diagram, marking the links that exceed the industry standard value;

[0100] Spatial cognitive ability assessment, showing the coverage of the trainees’ inspection paths through heat maps;

[0101] Generate a comparative report showing the reduction in on-site violation rates before and after training, with a target value of ≥70%.

[0102] In one embodiment of the present invention, a CO2 pipeline blind end model (pressure 0.35MPa) and an unfixed ladder are arranged in a simulated oil tank; after entering, the trainees need to detect the oxygen concentration (preset 19%) and locate the leakage point; when the VR system simulates that the concentration drops to 16%, the trainees need to choose the correct escape route (against the wind); for the trainees who fail to evacuate in time, the wristband triggers an alarm and records the response delay time.

[0103] In yet another embodiment of the present invention,

[0104] Set up the cable tray ungrounded model (ground resistance 5Ω), piled cotton yarn 10kg / m 3 ; Students use an explosion-proof multimeter to detect insulation resistance (preset 0.5MΩ); the system simulates an electric arc igniting cotton yarn and requires students to send a virtual alarm signal (including ship position coordinates) within 90 seconds; a decision tree is used to evaluate the priority of fire extinguisher selection (CO2 fire extinguisher > dry powder > water-based).

[0105] An embodiment of the present invention provides a ship confined space safety training method, comprising: constructing a ship-specific simulated confined space tooling, wherein at least eight types of static safety hazard models including electrical hazards, gas leakage hazards, falling hazards, ventilation defects, missing escape routes, accumulation of combustibles, hypoxic environment simulation and defects in the guardianship system are preset inside and outside the confined space tooling; the trainees are divided into two groups, and each group alternately enters the simulated confined space through the ship's manhole structure to conduct on-site hazard identification, with a single experience time controlled at 5 minutes to 8 minutes, and the types and quantities of hazards identified by each trainee are recorded; and graded interactive teaching including at least a primary stage, an advanced stage and an assessment stage is implemented.

[0106] The technical solution of the present invention is a method for training safety in confined spaces on ships. It uses tooling to simulate the production site, which provides a very intuitive experience for trainees, allowing them to personally experience and feel the dangerous factors and improve their sense of awareness. The teaching is interactive, and each trainee participates, which has a profound impact on the source of danger. It also inserts cases that happen around them to enhance memory and deepen the lessons. The tooling is concentrated in the safety experience hall and can be interactively conducted with other types of safety training. All employees are allowed to take turns to participate in the training, which covers a wide range of trainees and can further reduce the occurrence of confined space safety accidents. The technical solution of the present invention can achieve quantification of training effects and improvement of risk prevention and control capabilities by constructing a multi-dimensional simulation system and a graded training mechanism.

[0107] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship confined space safety training method, characterized in that: The method comprises: S101. Construct a ship-specific simulated confined space tooling, wherein at least eight types of static safety hazard models including electrical hazards, gas leakage hazards, falling hazards, ventilation defects, lack of escape routes, accumulation of combustibles, hypoxic environment simulation, and defects in the monitoring system are preset inside and outside the confined space tooling; S102. Divide the trainees into two groups. Each group will alternately enter the simulated limited space through the ship manhole structure to conduct on-site hidden danger identification. The single experience time is controlled within 5 minutes to 8 minutes, and the type and number of hidden dangers identified by each trainee are recorded; S103. Implement graded interactive teaching including at least the primary stage, advanced stage and assessment stage: The primary stage includes: trainees state the identified hidden dangers and corresponding corrective measures one by one, and each trainee is required to present the hidden danger types without duplication; The advanced stage includes: the trainer demonstrates the chain reaction model after the hidden danger worsens based on the ship accident case library; The assessment phase includes: reproducing hidden danger scenarios through virtual reality equipment to test students' emergency decision-making capabilities.

2. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical hazards include: The simulated 380V power cable is not laid overhead, and artificial damage points are set on the cable sheath; Non-explosion-proof lamp models are used in explosion-proof areas, and the lampshade missing rate is ≥ 30%; Cable tray ungrounded model, ground resistance simulation value > 4Ω.

3. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas leakage hazards include: The simulated value of the height between the end of the ship oil tank ventilation pipe model and the bottom of the tank is 0.5m to 0.8m, which is lower than the standard requirement of 1.2m; The oxygen-acetylene airway interface model was set to a micro-leak state, and the leakage rate was simulated to be 0.2L / min; The residual gas pressure of the blind end model of the CO2 fire extinguishing pipeline is ≥0.3MPa.

4. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standards for constructing the fall hazard are: The simulated value of the ship rib step spacing is 400mm to 450mm, which exceeds the 300mm allowed by the specification; Double bottom manhole cover unlocked model, opening angle ≥45°; The scaffolding erection model is missing transverse connecting rods, and the gap rate is ≥20%.

5. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated limited space tooling includes: a typical ship structure module, a hidden danger modular installation system and an acoustic and optical feedback device; The typical ship structure module includes a three-dimensional replica model of a segmented cabin, a pipe passage and a ballast tank; The hidden danger modular installation system adopts a magnetic quick-release interface, and the replacement time of a single hidden danger is ≤30s; The sound and light feedback device triggers a third-level alarm signal when the trainee touches a high-risk hidden danger.

6. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assessment phase of step S103 adopts: a dynamic risk assessment system, an emergency response timer and a decision tree scoring module; The dynamic risk assessment system generates a risk index curve in real time according to the trainee's operation; The emergency response timer requires trainees to complete within 90 seconds: sending a virtual alarm signal including at least the ship's position coordinates, accident type and number of casualties; initiating primary emergency measures including virtual deployment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment; The decision tree scoring module performs a weighted evaluation of the ventilation efficiency and the distance to the safety zone of the escape path selected by the trainee.

7. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes: a post-training effectiveness enhancement mechanism; The post-training effectiveness enhancement mechanism includes: establishing electronic files of trainees to record individual weaknesses and hidden danger types; Customized refresher training content is pushed out monthly, including: hidden danger maps of specific areas of the ship, including the engine room, pump room, and cargo tank; and 3D reconstruction videos of similar historical accidents; Implement VR remote assessment, and trainees are required to complete the safety inspection of the designated cabin within the set time.

8. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The defects of the guardianship system include: Simulate the guardian leaving the post model, and the positioning beacon disappears for more than 3 minutes; Communication equipment failure model, walkie-talkie signal-to-noise ratio simulation value <10dB; Model of emergency supplies missing, including insufficient air respirator pressure and expired medicines in the first aid kit.

9. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hidden dangers of combustible accumulation include: Simulated oil pollution diffusion area in ship engine room ≥2m 2 , the flash point is set at 60±5℃; The model of the unisolated paint operation area has a peak concentration of combustible gas simulated to reach 50% of the lower explosion limit; Simulated value of waste cotton yarn accumulation ≥ 10kg / m 3 , and set up smoldering temperature detection points.

10. A ship confined space safety training method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Establish electronic files for trainees to record individual weaknesses and potential risks, including: Hidden danger identification response time distribution diagram, marking the links that exceed the industry standard value; Spatial cognitive ability assessment, showing the coverage of the trainees’ inspection paths through heat maps; Generate a comparative report showing the reduction in on-site violation rates before and after training, with a target value of ≥70%.

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