Residual heat removal system suitable for lunar surface reactor and lunar surface reactor

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of shutdown waste heat removal, in particular to a waste heat removal system suitable for a lunar surface reactor and the lunar surface reactor. The lunar surface stack includes a core, a first heat transfer member, and a thermoelectric conversion element. The reactor core is used for providing heat, the first heat transfer part is used for conducting the heat of the reactor core to the thermoelectric conversion element, and the thermoelectric conversion element is used for converting the heat of the reactor core into electric energy. The waste heat removal system comprises a second heat transfer piece and a radiation structure. The second heat transfer piece is used for conducting heat of the reactor core to the outside of the reactor core; the radiation structure is in heat-conducting connection with the second heat transfer part so as to radiate heat conducted by the second heat transfer part to the external environment; the second heat transfer piece is set as follows: the second heat transfer piece is not started when the lunar surface heap operates normally; and when the lunar reactor has an accident, the second heat transfer piece is passively started along with the rise of the temperature of the reactor core, so that the heat of the reactor core is conducted to the radiation structure. The residual heat removal system provided by the embodiment of the invention can passively remove the residual heat of the reactor core.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of removing waste heat from a reactor shutdown, and specifically to a waste heat removal system and a lunar reactor suitable for a lunar reactor. Background Art

[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present application and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Establishing a lunar base on the lunar surface (i.e., the lunar surface) is conducive to better exploration of the moon. Nuclear power sources (i.e., lunar surface reactors) can be used to provide electricity for the lunar base. The safety of the lunar surface reactor is crucial to the sustainable development of the lunar base.

[0004] At present, there are still some problems with the safety of the lunar reactor. Summary of the invention

[0005] A brief overview of the present application is provided below in order to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the present application. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive overview of the present application. It is not intended to identify the key or important parts of the present application, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present application. Its purpose is merely to present certain concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description discussed later.

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a lunar surface pile and a waste heat removal system suitable for the lunar surface pile.

[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a residual heat removal system suitable for a lunar reactor, which includes a core, a first heat transfer element, and a thermoelectric conversion element. The core is used to provide heat, the first heat transfer element is used to transfer the heat of the core to the thermoelectric conversion element, and the thermoelectric conversion element is used to convert the heat of the core into electrical energy. The residual heat removal system includes: a second heat transfer element and a radiation structure. The second heat transfer element is used to transfer the heat of the core to the outside of the core; the radiation structure is thermally connected to the second heat transfer element to radiate the heat transferred by the second heat transfer element to the external environment; wherein the second heat transfer element is configured as follows: when the lunar reactor is operating normally, the second heat transfer element is not started; when an accident occurs in the lunar reactor, as the core temperature increases, the second heat transfer element is passively started to transfer the heat of the core to the radiation structure.

[0008] The residual heat removal system for the lunar reactor provided by the embodiment of the present application is provided with a second heat transfer element and a radiation structure. When the lunar reactor is operating normally, the heat generated by the core will not be transferred from the second heat transfer element to the radiation structure and wasted because the second heat transfer element is not started, thereby avoiding affecting the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the lunar reactor. When an accident occurs in the lunar reactor (for example, all thermoelectric conversion elements are damaged), the lunar reactor is shut down and the first heat transfer element fails, resulting in an increase in the core temperature. As the core temperature increases to the minimum starting temperature of the second heat transfer element, the second heat transfer element is started passively, and the heat of the lunar reactor core is transferred to the radiation structure and radiated to the external environment. The residual heat removal system of the embodiment of the present application can discharge the residual heat in the core in a passive manner, which is conducive to ensuring the safety of the core of the lunar reactor and improving the reliability of residual heat removal.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a lunar surface pile, which includes the waste heat removal system provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Other objects and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings, and will help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present application.

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lunar pile provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0012] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the lunar stack provided in an embodiment of the present application after being installed in the lunar crater.

[0013] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The structure diagram of the lunar pile is shown after omitting the first heat transfer element and the thermoelectric conversion element.

[0014] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A cross-section of a lunar pile is shown.

[0015] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the core of the lunar reactor provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the core is shown.

[0017] Description of reference numerals:

[0018] 100. Waste heat removal system;

[0019] 10. second heat transfer element; 101. first pipe section; 102. second pipe section; 103. third pipe section; 20. radiation structure; 30. heat conduction element; 40. heat insulation element;

[0020] 200, lunar reactor; 201, reactor core; 2011, block fuel; 20110, fuel channel; 2012, radial reflector; 202, first heat transfer element; 2021, first pipe section; 2022, second pipe section; 2023, third pipe section; 203, thermoelectric conversion element; 204, shielding body; 205, vibration reduction device;

[0021] 300. Moon surface; 301. Moon craters.

[0022] It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but are merely shown in a schematic manner that does not affect the reader's understanding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For the sake of clarity and conciseness, not all features of the actual implementation are described in the specification. However, it should be understood that many implementation-specific decisions must be made in the process of developing any such actual implementation in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as meeting those constraints related to the system and business, and these constraints may vary from implementation to implementation. In addition, it should be understood that although the development work may be very complex and time-consuming, it is only a routine task for those skilled in the art who benefit from the content of this application.

[0024] It is also necessary to explain here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present application due to unnecessary details, only the device structure and / or processing steps closely related to the scheme according to the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not very relevant to the present application are omitted.

[0025] Nuclear reactors installed on the ground usually have a residual heat removal system. After the nuclear reactor is shut down due to an accident, the residual heat removal system is used to remove the residual heat of the nuclear reactor. The residual heat removal system usually removes the residual heat of the reactor by injecting water into the reactor or ventilating the reactor. However, for lunar reactors, since lunar reactors need to be launched to the lunar surface and deployed on the lunar surface, it is not suitable to launch the residual heat removal system on the ground to the lunar surface for deployment.

[0026] In response to the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a waste heat removal system suitable for a lunar reactor.

[0027] The embodiment of the present application provides a residual heat removal system suitable for a lunar surface reactor, see Figure 1 , Figure 1It is a structural schematic diagram of a lunar pile 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the lunar pile 200 includes a core 201, a first heat transfer member 202, and a thermoelectric conversion element 203 arranged outside the core 201, wherein the core 201 is used to provide heat, the first heat transfer member 202 is used to transfer the heat of the core 201 to the thermoelectric conversion element 203, and the thermoelectric conversion element 203 is used to convert the heat of the core 201 into electrical energy.

[0028] See also Figure 1 The residual heat removal system 100 includes a second heat transfer element 10 and a radiation structure 20. The second heat transfer element 10 is used to transfer the heat of the core 201 to the outside of the core 201; the radiation structure 20 is thermally connected to the second heat transfer element 10 to radiate the heat transferred by the second heat transfer element 10 to the external environment. The second heat transfer element 10 is configured as follows: when the lunar reactor 200 operates normally, the second heat transfer element 10 is not started; when an accident occurs in the lunar reactor 200, as the temperature of the core 201 increases, the second heat transfer element 10 is passively started to transfer the heat of the core 201 to the radiation structure 20.

[0029] The embodiment of the present application provides a waste heat removal system 100 suitable for a lunar reactor 200. By setting a second heat transfer element 10 and a radiation structure 20, when the lunar reactor 200 operates normally, since the second heat transfer element 10 is not started, the heat generated by the core 201 will not be transferred from the second heat transfer element 10 to the radiation structure 20 and wasted, thereby avoiding affecting the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the lunar reactor 200; when an accident occurs in the lunar reactor 200 (for example, all the thermoelectric conversion elements 203 are damaged), the lunar reactor 200 is shut down and the first heat transfer element 202 fails, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the core 201. As the temperature of the core 201 increases to the minimum starting temperature of the second heat transfer element 10, the second heat transfer element 10 is started passively to transfer the heat of the core 201 of the lunar reactor 200 to the radiation structure 20 and radiate it to the external environment. The residual heat removal system 100 of the embodiment of the present application can remove the residual heat in the core 201 in a passive manner, which is beneficial to ensuring the safety of the core 201 of the lunar reactor 200 and improving the reliability of residual heat removal.

[0030] In some embodiments, the second heat transfer element 10 is a heat pipe, and the minimum start-up temperature of the second heat transfer element 10 is higher than the temperature of the core 201 when the lunar reactor 200 is operating normally. When the lunar reactor 200 is operating normally, since the temperature of the core 201 is lower than the minimum start-up temperature of the second heat transfer element 10, the second heat transfer element 10 is not started, that is, the second working medium in the second heat transfer element 10 will not undergo phase change, and its heat conduction effect can be basically ignored; the heat generated by the core 201 will not be transferred to the radiation structure 20 by the second heat transfer element 10 and wasted, thereby avoiding affecting the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the lunar reactor 200. When an accident occurs in the lunar reactor 200, as the temperature of the core 201 rises to the minimum start-up temperature of the second heat transfer element 10, the second working medium in the second heat transfer element 10 efficiently transfers heat by undergoing phase change, and can quickly transfer the heat of the core 201 to the radiation structure 20.

[0031] In such an embodiment, the residual heat removal system 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application is capable of removing the residual heat of the core 201 to protect the core 201 from melting when an accident occurs and the reactor is shut down; at the same time, it is also beneficial to avoid significantly increasing the system size, weight and complexity of the lunar reactor 200.

[0032] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a lunar stack provided by an embodiment of the present application after being installed in a lunar crater. In some embodiments, the first heat transfer member 202 is a heat pipe. In such an embodiment, the heat in the core 201 can be transferred to the thermoelectric conversion element 203 through the heat pipe. Such a lunar stack 200 can be called a heat pipe type lunar stack.

[0033] When both the second heat transfer member 10 and the first heat transfer member 202 are heat pipes, the lowest starting temperature of the second working medium of the second heat transfer member 10 is higher than the lowest starting temperature of the first working medium of the first heat transfer member 202. In such an embodiment, when the lunar reactor 200 is operating normally, by setting the temperature of the core 201 to be higher than the lowest starting temperature of the first heat transfer member 202 and lower than the lowest starting temperature of the second heat transfer member 10, the heat of the core 201 can be transferred to the thermoelectric conversion element 203 through the first heat transfer member 202, and the heat of the core 201 will not be transferred to the radiation structure 20 through the second heat transfer member 10.

[0034] When the second heat transfer element 10 and the first heat transfer element 202 are both heat pipes, the first working medium of the first heat transfer element 202 may be sodium; and the second working medium of the second heat transfer element 10 may be lithium.

[0035] In some embodiments, the temperature of the core 201 of the lunar reactor 200 is 788-820°C, the minimum starting temperature of the sodium heat pipe is set to 540-550°C, and it has good heat transfer performance at around 800°C; the minimum starting temperature of the lithium heat pipe is set to 840-850°C. This setting is conducive to improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency while ensuring the safety of the core 201.

[0036] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer member 202 is a coolant loop. In such an embodiment, the heat in the core 201 can be transferred to the thermoelectric conversion element 203 through the coolant loop, and such a lunar surface reactor 200 can be called a loop type lunar surface reactor. The residual heat removal system 100 of the embodiment of the present application is not only applicable to heat pipe type lunar surface reactors, but also to loop type lunar surface reactors. For loop type lunar surface reactors, the second heat transfer member 10 can be arranged radially outside the core container.

[0037] In some embodiments, the radiation structure 20 may be a heat dissipation fin, such as a carbon-carbon fin.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first heat transfer member 202 includes a shell and a capillary structure disposed on the inner wall of the shell, and the first heat transfer medium is disposed in the shell. In some embodiments, the shell and the capillary structure of the first heat transfer member 202 can be made of Ni-Cr based solid solution strengthened deformable high temperature alloy (Haynes 230).

[0039] In some embodiments, the thermoelectric conversion element 203 may be a free piston Stirling generator. In some embodiments, when the thermoelectric conversion element 203 is a free piston Stirling generator, the lunar surface pile 200 may also include a vibration reduction device 205 for reducing the vibration of the free piston Stirling generator in the process of converting heat into electrical energy.

[0040] In some embodiments, the second heat transfer element 10 may be made of a molybdenum-rhenium alloy.

[0041] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The structure diagram of the lunar pile 200 is shown after the first heat transfer member 202 and the thermoelectric conversion element 203 are omitted. Figure 4 yes Figure 3The cross-sectional view of the lunar surface reactor 200 is shown. In some embodiments, the core 201 may include a block fuel 2011, the block fuel 2011 forms a plurality of fuel channels 20110, the number of the first heat transfer members 202 is multiple, each first heat transfer member 202 extends to the outside of the core 201 through a corresponding fuel channel 20110; the number of the second heat transfer members 10 is multiple, each second heat transfer member 10 is in thermal contact with the block fuel 2011. It is easy to understand that the second heat transfer member 10 does not need to be in thermal contact with the block fuel 2011 through the first heat transfer member 202.

[0042] In such an embodiment, the first heat transfer element 202 extends to the outside of the core 201 through the corresponding fuel duct 20110 formed by the block fuel 2011, which is beneficial for the first heat transfer element 202 to transfer the heat of the block fuel 2011 to the thermoelectric conversion element 203; at the same time, each second heat transfer element 10 is in thermal contact with the block fuel 2011, which is beneficial to improve the overall heat transfer efficiency of the second heat transfer element 10 to transfer the heat of the core 201 to the radiation structure 20.

[0043] In some embodiments, the block fuel 2011 can be a uranium-molybdenum alloy.

[0044] In some embodiments, the second heat transfer element 10 is in heat-conducting contact with the block fuel 2011 on the radially outer side of the block fuel 2011. In such an embodiment, the above arrangement makes it unnecessary for the second heat transfer element 10 to enter the interior of the block fuel 2011, which can avoid increasing the complexity of the core 201 structure and the amount of block fuel 2011. It can be seen that the residual heat removal system 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can remove the residual heat of the core 201 to protect the core 201 from melting when an accident occurs and the core is shut down; at the same time, the system size, weight and complexity of the lunar surface reactor 200 will not increase significantly.

[0045] In some embodiments, when the lunar surface reactor 200 is a loop type lunar surface reactor, the lunar surface reactor 200 may further include a core container, and the fuel is arranged in the core container. The second heat transfer element 10 may be in direct heat conduction contact with the outer surface of the core container outside the core container.

[0046] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a core 201 of a lunar reactor 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 6 yes Figure 5The partial enlarged view of the core 201 is shown. In some embodiments, the residual heat removal system 100 may further include a plurality of heat conducting members 30. Each second heat transfer member 10 is in heat-conducting contact with the block fuel 2011 through a corresponding heat conducting member 30. The surface of the heat conducting member 30 facing the second heat transfer member 10 and the surface facing the block fuel 2011 are respectively adapted to the shapes of the second heat transfer member 10 and the block fuel 2011. In such an embodiment, by providing the heat conducting member 30, the heat exchange area between the second heat transfer member 10 and the block fuel 2011 can be increased, which is beneficial to transfer the heat of the block fuel 2011 to the second heat transfer member 10.

[0047] In some embodiments, the heat conducting member 30 may be made of a high thermal conductivity metal, such as copper. In some embodiments, the heat conducting member 30 may be made of a molybdenum-rhenium alloy.

[0048] In some embodiments, the second heat transfer element 10 is a pipe, and the surface of the heat conductor 30 facing the second heat transfer element 10 and the surface facing the block fuel 2011 can respectively form an arc groove adapted to the shape of the second heat transfer element 10 and an arc groove adapted to the shape of the block fuel 2011.

[0049] See also Figure 6 In some embodiments, the residual heat removal system 100 may further include a heat insulating member 40, and the block fuel 2011, the heat conducting member 30 and the second heat transfer member 10 are arranged radially inward of the heat insulating member 40 to reduce the heat loss along the radial direction of the core 201. In such an embodiment, the heat insulating member 40 is used to reduce the heat loss along the radial direction of the core 201, which is conducive to ensuring that the heat of the core 201 can be transferred to the thermoelectric conversion element 203 through the first heat transfer member 202 as much as possible, thereby avoiding reducing the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the lunar reactor 200.

[0050] In some embodiments, the radial inner surface of the heat insulating member 40 is in contact with the block fuel 2011, the second heat transfer member 10 and the heat conducting member 30 to improve the heat insulating effect and further reduce the heat loss along the radial direction of the core 201. The heat insulating member 40 may be annular.

[0051] See also Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the core 201 may further include a radial reflector 2012 disposed radially outside the block fuel 2011, and the heat insulation member 40 is located radially inside the radial reflector 2012. In such an embodiment, the above arrangement enables the heat insulation member 40 to reduce the heat transferred from the core 201 to the radial reflector 2012.

[0052] See also Figures 1 to 4In some embodiments, the lunar reactor 200 may further include a shielding body 204, which is disposed between the core 201 and the thermoelectric conversion element 203 and is used to provide shielding for the thermoelectric conversion element 203; the second heat transfer element 10 passes through the shielding body 204; and the radiation structure 20 is thermally connected to the second heat transfer element 10 above the shielding body 204. In such an embodiment, the shielding body 204 can shield radiation rays from the core 201 to prevent the radiation rays from the core 201 from affecting the thermoelectric conversion element 203.

[0053] When the lunar pile 200 is arranged on the lunar surface 300, a lunar crater 301 is usually formed on the lunar surface 300, and the shielding body 204 is usually arranged together with the core 201 in the lunar crater 301. The radiation structure 20 is thermally connected to the second heat transfer element 10 above the shielding body 204, so that the radiation structure 20 can be arranged above the lunar crater 301, thereby facilitating heat radiation to the external environment.

[0054] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the number of the first heat transfer element 202 and the number of the second heat transfer element 10 are respectively multiple, each of the first heat transfer elements 202 is distributed in the middle of the shielding body 204, and each of the second heat transfer elements 10 is distributed close to the radial outer edge of the shielding body 204. In such an embodiment, the multiple first heat transfer elements 202 and the multiple second heat transfer elements 10 are conducive to improving the heat transfer efficiency; at the same time, the above arrangement can avoid mutual interference between the multiple first heat transfer elements 202 and the multiple second heat transfer elements 10 during operation.

[0055] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments, the pipe sections of each second heat transfer member 10 located above the shielding body 204 and the radiation structure 20 connected to each second heat transfer member 10 together form an annular structure. The first heat transfer member 202 includes a first pipe section 2021, a second pipe section 2022, and a third pipe section 2023 thermally connected to the thermoelectric conversion element 203; wherein the first heat transfer member 202 extends from the core 201 to above the shielding body 204 and is located radially inside the annular structure, and the third pipe section 2023 is located radially outside the radiation structure 20 and is higher than the radiation structure 20; the second pipe section 2022 extends radially outwardly and upwardly from the upper end of the first pipe section 2021 to the lower end of the third pipe section 2023. In such an embodiment, the third pipe section 2023 is located radially outside the radiation structure 20 and is higher than the radiation structure 20, so that the third pipe section 2023 does not affect the radiation heat dissipation of the radiation structure 20; at the same time, the above arrangement makes it impossible for the radiation rays of the core 201 to reach the thermoelectric conversion element 203 through the second pipe section 2022 and the third pipe section 2023, even if the radiation rays of the core 201 pass through the shielding body 204 through the first pipe section 2021 of the first heat transfer member 202, so as to avoid the radiation rays of the core 201 from affecting the thermoelectric conversion element 203. In addition, through the above arrangement, the thermoelectric conversion element 203 can be arranged outside the annular structure, so that the annular structure can be used to further shield the rays that pass through the shielding body 204 after the core 201 is emitted, so as to prevent these rays from entering the thermoelectric conversion element 203 through reflection or refraction.

[0056] See also Figure 2 In some embodiments, the first pipe segment 2021, the second pipe segment 2022 and the third pipe segment 2023 of the first heat transfer member 202 can all be straight pipe segments, and these straight pipe segments are connected by elbows. In some embodiments, the first pipe segment 2021 of each first heat transfer member 202 passes through a corresponding fuel hole 20110 and the shielding body 204 and extends to the top of the shielding body 204, and the first pipe segment 2021 is located on the radial inner side of the annular structure.

[0057] See also Figure 4In some embodiments, the second heat transfer element 10 may include a first pipe segment 101, a second pipe segment 102, and a third pipe segment 103 thermally connected to the radiation structure 20. The radiation structure 20 is disposed in the third pipe segment 103. The first pipe segment 101 is disposed radially inward of the radial reflection layer 2012 and in thermal contact with the block fuel 2011, and the first pipe segment 101 extends upward into the shielding body 204; the second pipe segment 102 is disposed in the shielding body 204, and the second pipe segment 102 extends upward from the upper end of the first pipe segment 101 along the radial outward direction of the shielding body 204 to the lower end of the third pipe segment 103; the upper end of the third pipe segment 103 extends to the upper side of the shielding body 204, and the lower end of the third pipe segment 103 extends into the shielding body 204 to be connected to the second pipe segment 102. In such an embodiment, the third tube section 103 of the second heat transfer element 10 can be kept as far away from the axis of the core 201 as possible, thereby increasing the diameter of the annular structure formed by the radiation structure 20 and thus increasing the heat dissipation area of ​​the radiation structure 20 .

[0058] The embodiment of the present application further provides a lunar surface stack 200, which includes the residual heat removal system 100 provided in any embodiment of the present application. The lunar surface stack 200 is, for example, a heat pipe type lunar surface stack or a loop type lunar surface stack.

[0059] The working process of the lunar stack 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0060] After the lunar stack 200 is successfully deployed on the lunar surface 300, the position of the safety rod (not shown in the figure) is adjusted under the action of the safety rod driving mechanism (not shown in the figure) until the entire lunar stack 200 reaches a stable operating state at rated power.

[0061] When the lunar reactor 200 operates normally, the temperature of the block fuel 2011 is 800°C, the temperature of the sodium heat pipe 202 is 780°C, and the sodium heat pipe 202 transfers the heat of the core 201 to the Stirling generator 203, thereby generating electrical energy. At this time, since the minimum starting temperature of the lithium heat pipe 10 is higher than the temperature of the block fuel 2011, the lithium heat pipe 10 does not discharge the heat of the core, and does not cause the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the lunar reactor 200 to decrease.

[0062] When an accident occurs in the lunar reactor 200 and the reactor is shut down, in the most serious case, for example, all Stirling generators 203 are damaged, the sodium heat pipes 202 can no longer remove heat from the core 201. At this time, due to the presence of residual heat from the core 201 (fission product decay heat, etc.), the temperature of the block fuel 2011 will rise. When the temperature of the block fuel 2011 rises to the minimum starting temperature of the lithium heat pipes 10, the lithium heat pipes 10 begin to transfer heat, replacing the sodium heat pipes 202 to remove heat from the core 201, and radiate heat to the external environment through the heat dissipation fins 20, so as to protect the core 201 and prevent the core 201 from melting due to the continued increase in the temperature of the block fuel 201.

[0063] Regarding the embodiments of the present application, it should also be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features therein can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0064] The above are only specific implementation methods of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. The protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A residual heat removal system suitable for a lunar reactor, the lunar reactor comprising a reactor core, a first heat transfer member, and a thermoelectric conversion element arranged outside the reactor core, wherein: The core is used to provide heat, the first heat transfer member is used to transfer the heat of the core to the thermoelectric conversion element, and the thermoelectric conversion element is used to convert the heat of the core into electrical energy; Characterized in that the waste heat removal system comprises: a second heat transfer member, used for transferring the heat of the core to the outside of the core; a radiation structure, thermally connected to the second heat transfer element to radiate the heat conducted by the second heat transfer element to an external environment; Wherein, the second heat transfer element is configured as follows: when the lunar reactor operates normally, the second heat transfer element is not started; when an accident occurs to the lunar reactor, as the core temperature increases, the second heat transfer element is started passively to transfer the heat of the core to the radiation structure.

2. The waste heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second heat transfer element is a heat pipe, and the lowest starting temperature of the second heat transfer element is higher than the temperature of the core when the lunar reactor operates normally.

3. The waste heat removal system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first heat transfer element is a heat pipe; The lowest starting temperature of the second heat transfer element is higher than the lowest starting temperature of the first heat transfer element.

4. The waste heat removal system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first heat transfer element is a coolant circuit.

5. The waste heat removal system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core comprises: Block fuel, the block fuel forms a plurality of fuel channels, the number of the first heat transfer elements is multiple, each of the first heat transfer elements passes through a corresponding one of the fuel channels and extends to the outside of the core; There are multiple second heat transfer elements, and each of the second heat transfer elements is in thermal contact with the block fuel.

6. The waste heat removal system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second heat transfer element is in heat-conducting contact with the block fuel at the radial outer side of the block fuel.

7. The waste heat removal system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: a plurality of heat transfer members, each of the second heat transfer members being in heat conduction contact with the block fuel through a corresponding one of the heat transfer members; The surface of the heat conductive member facing the second heat transfer member and the surface of the heat conductive member facing the block fuel are respectively adapted to the shapes of the second heat transfer member and the block fuel.

8. The waste heat removal system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: The heat insulation member, the block fuel and the second heat transfer member are arranged radially inward of the heat insulation member to reduce the heat loss along the radial direction of the core.

9. The waste heat removal system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The core further includes a radial reflection layer arranged on the radial outside of the block fuel, and the heat insulation member is located on the radial inside of the radial reflection layer.

10. The waste heat removal system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The lunar pile also includes: A shielding body, disposed between the core and the thermoelectric conversion element, for providing shielding for the thermoelectric conversion element; The second heat transfer element passes through the shielding body; The radiation structure is thermally connected to the second heat transfer element above the shielding body.

11. The waste heat removal system according to claim 10, characterized in that: There are plural first heat transfer elements and plural second heat transfer elements, each of which is distributed in the middle of the shielding body, and each of which is distributed close to the radial outer edge of the shielding body.

12. The waste heat removal system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The pipe sections of each of the second heat transfer elements located above the shielding body and the radiation structures connected to each of the second heat transfer elements together form an annular structure; The first heat transfer member includes a first pipe section, a second pipe section, and a third pipe section thermally connected to the thermoelectric conversion element; Among them, the first heat transfer element extends from the core to above the shielding body and is located on the radial inner side of the annular structure, and the third pipe segment is located on the radial outer side of the radiation structure and is higher than the radiation structure; the second pipe segment extends upward and radially outward from the upper end of the first pipe segment to the lower end of the third pipe segment.

13. A lunar pile, characterized in that: The waste heat removal system comprises the waste heat removal system according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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