Fuel cell cogeneration control system and working machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell combined heat and power control system and an operation machine.The control system comprises an electric pile heat exchange device, a fuel heating device, a heat storage device and a control device, and the control device is configured as follows: when a fuel electric pile is normally started and heat storage conditions are met, the fuel electric pile is started; controlling and selecting a galvanic pile heat exchange flow channel of the galvanic pile heat exchange device to be communicated with a heat storage liquid passing flow channel of the heat storage device to form a heat storage working loop; under the condition of cold start of the fuel stack, a fuel heating flow channel of the fuel heating device is controlled and selected to be communicated with a heat storage liquid passing flow channel of the heat storage device to form a heat supply working loop, so that redundant generated heat can be collected in the heat storage device, and the heat storage device can heat solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device during cold start, so that the heat supply working loop is formed. Compared with the prior art, a radiator and an electric heater are omitted, the reaction waste heat of the fuel stack can be efficiently utilized through the heat storage device, and the effect of saving energy is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and in particular relates to a fuel cell cogeneration control system and an operating machine. Background Art

[0002] With the development of globalization, energy consumption is increasing rapidly, and limited resources are gradually being depleted. The development and search for new green alternative energy sources are crucial to alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), as an electrochemical device that generates electricity through electrochemical reactions without combustion, is a new and outstanding clean energy source. It has the advantages of low temperature, low pressure, short startup and shutdown time, low noise, high energy density, and high efficiency. It can be used in a wide range of fields such as transportation, electricity, and construction.

[0003] So far, the most widely used application of fuel cells is not in the well-known transportation field, but in fuel cell cogeneration systems. Fuel cell cogeneration is to use the chemical reaction of the fuel cell to generate electricity while collecting the heat generated by the reaction to provide users with the required thermal energy, such as domestic hot water and heating, so as to make full use of the waste heat of the reaction. However, the thermal management system in the traditional fuel cell cogeneration system mainly uses a radiator to ensure the thermal balance required for the good operation of the stack, and uses an electric heater to assist in low temperature conditions to ensure the low-temperature start-up performance of the system, resulting in an overall efficiency of about 80%, and some waste heat is still not efficiently utilized. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or shortcomings, the present invention provides a fuel cell cogeneration control system and operating machinery, aiming to solve the technical problem that some waste heat in the traditional fuel cell cogeneration system is not efficiently utilized.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell cogeneration control system, wherein the fuel cell cogeneration control system comprises a stack heat exchange device, a fuel heating device, a heat storage device and a control device; the stack heat exchange device has a stack heat exchange flow channel flowing through the fuel stack; the fuel heating device has a fuel heating flow channel flowing through the solid fuel storage device and forming a fuel heating circuit with the stack heat exchange flow channel; the heat storage device has a heat storage liquid flow channel, and the heat storage liquid flow channel can select one of the stack heat exchange flow channel and the fuel heating flow channel to be connected and form a corresponding working circuit; the control device is configured as follows:

[0006] When the fuel cell stack is started normally and the heat storage conditions are met, the heat exchange flow channel of the fuel cell stack is controlled to be connected with the heat storage liquid flow channel to form a heat storage working circuit;

[0007] In the case of a cold start of the fuel cell stack, the control selects the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel to be connected and form a heating working circuit.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell cogeneration control system also includes a hot water supply device, which has a first heat exchange channel that can provide a heat source. The first heat exchange channel and the fuel cell stack heat exchange channel constitute a water supply heating circuit, and the heat storage condition is set to the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device reaching the set hot water temperature.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel heating flow channel, the heat storage liquid flow channel and the first heat exchange flow channel are arranged in parallel and each has a first junction end and a second junction end, all the first junction ends are connected to the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel through a first four-way valve, and all the second junction ends are connected to the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel through a second four-way valve, and the control device is further configured as follows:

[0010] When the fuel cell stack starts normally and the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel is lower than the set optimal exhaust temperature, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to connect the stack heat exchange flow channel and the fuel heating flow channel and enter the first thermal management control mode.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to:

[0012] When the fuel cell stack is started normally and the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel reaches the set optimal exhaust temperature, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange flow channel to be connected to the fuel heating flow channel and the first heat exchange flow channel respectively and enter the second thermal management control mode.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to:

[0014] When the fuel cell stack is started normally and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device reaches the set hot water temperature, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to the fuel cell heat exchange channel to be connected to the fuel heating channel, the first heat exchange channel and the heat storage liquid channel respectively and enter the third thermal management control mode.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to:

[0016] In the case of a cold start of the fuel cell stack, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to connect the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel to form a heating working circuit to enter the fourth thermal management control mode.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first circulation pump is provided at the outlet end of the heat exchange channel of the stack, and the first thermal management control mode includes:

[0018] The rotation speed of the first circulation pump and the openings of the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled so that the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel both increase according to the corresponding first set slope.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hot water supply device includes a heat exchanger and a hot water storage tank, the heat exchanger has a first heat exchange flow channel and a second heat exchange flow channel, both ends of the second heat exchange flow channel are respectively connected to the hot water storage tank, and a second circulation pump is provided on the second heat exchange flow channel. The second thermal management control mode includes:

[0020] Control the rotation speed of the first circulation pump and the second circulation pump, and the opening of the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel is constant at the set optimal degassing temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel continues to rise according to the second set slope.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third thermal management control mode includes:

[0022] The rotation speeds of the first circulation pump and the second circulation pump and the openings of the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow path is constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device is constant at the set hot water temperature.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hot water supply device further includes a water replenishment control valve and a water supply control valve provided on the hot water storage tank, the water replenishment control valve is used to replenish cold water to the hot water storage tank, and the water supply control valve is used to release hot water in the hot water storage tank, and the third thermal management control mode further includes:

[0024] The rotation speeds of the first circulation pump and the second circulation pump, as well as the openings of the first four-way valve, the second four-way valve and the water replenishment control valve are controlled according to the opening of the water supply control valve, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel is constant at the set optimal venting temperature and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device is constant at the set hot water temperature.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to:

[0026] When the temperature of the heat storage liquid flow channel is higher than the set maximum heat storage temperature, the control alarm is triggered and the machine is shut down.

[0027] To achieve the above-mentioned object, a second aspect of the present invention provides a working machine, wherein the working machine includes the fuel cell cogeneration control system according to the above-mentioned method.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, the fuel cell cogeneration control system provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] When the above-mentioned fuel cell cogeneration control system is used, since the fuel heating flow channel of the fuel heating device flows through the solid fuel storage device, when the fuel stack is started normally, the heat generated by the fuel stack can first be supplied to the solid fuel storage device through the fuel heating circuit composed of the fuel heating flow channel and the heat exchange flow channel of the stack to heat the solid fuel for degassing. When the system meets the heat storage conditions, the heat exchange flow channel of the stack and the heat storage liquid flow channel can be controlled to be connected to form a heat storage working circuit, that is, the heat exchange flow channel of the stack can simultaneously supply heat to the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel, so that the excess heat generated can be collected in the heat storage device, and when the fuel stack is cold started, the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel are controlled to be connected so that the heat storage device can heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device to achieve zero-carbon low-temperature cold start. Compared with the prior art, the radiator and the electric heater are eliminated, and the reaction waste heat of the fuel stack can be efficiently utilized through the heat storage device, which plays a role in saving energy. In addition, the use of solid fuel storage can play a role in low-pressure safety.

[0030] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative work. In the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell cogeneration control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of a control flow of a control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Description of reference numerals:

[0035] 100 Fuel cell stack 110 Heat exchange flow channel of fuel cell stack

[0036] 111 First circulation pump 200 Solid fuel storage device

[0037] 210 fuel heating flow channel 300 heat storage device

[0038] 310 heat storage liquid flow channel 311 third circulation pump

[0039] 400 Hot water supply device 410 Heat exchanger

[0040] 411 first heat exchange channel 412 second heat exchange channel

[0041] 414 Second circulation pump 420 Hot water storage tank

[0042] 421 Water supply control valve 422 Water supply control valve

[0043] 500 First four-way valve 600 Second four-way valve

[0044] T1 First temperature sensor T2 Second temperature sensor

[0045] T3 The third temperature sensor T4 The fourth temperature sensor

[0046] T5 Fifth temperature sensor T6 Sixth temperature sensor

[0047] T7 Seventh temperature sensor T8 Eighth temperature sensor

[0048] T9 Ninth temperature sensor T10 Tenth temperature sensor

[0049] T11 11th temperature sensor T12 12th temperature sensor DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0051] The fuel cell cogeneration control system and the operating machine of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a fuel cell cogeneration control system, wherein the fuel cell cogeneration control system comprises:

[0053] A fuel cell heat exchange device, comprising a fuel cell heat exchange flow channel 110 flowing through the fuel cell 100;

[0054] A fuel heating device, comprising a fuel heating flow channel 210 flowing through the solid fuel storage device 200 and forming a fuel heating circuit with the stack heat exchange flow channel 110;

[0055] The heat storage device 300 has a heat storage liquid flow channel 310. The heat storage liquid flow channel 310 can select one of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 and the fuel heating flow channel 210 to be connected and form a corresponding working circuit;

[0056] The control device is configured to:

[0057] When the fuel cell stack 100 is started normally and meets the heat storage conditions, the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel 110 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 are controlled to be connected to form a heat storage working circuit;

[0058] When the fuel cell stack 100 is cold started, the fuel heating flow channel 210 is controlled to be connected to the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 to form a heat supply working circuit.

[0059] When the above-mentioned fuel cell cogeneration control system is used, since the fuel heating channel 210 of the fuel heating device flows through the solid fuel storage device 200, when the fuel cell 100 is normally started, the heat generated by the fuel cell 100 can first be supplied to the solid fuel storage device 200 through the fuel heating circuit composed of the fuel heating channel 210 and the stack heat exchange channel 110 to heat the solid fuel for degassing. When the system meets the heat storage conditions, the stack heat exchange channel 110 can be controlled to be connected with the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 to form a heat storage working circuit, that is, the stack heat exchange channel 110 can simultaneously supply the fuel to the solid fuel storage device 200. The fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 are used for heat supply, so that the excess heat generated can be collected in the heat storage device 300, and when the fuel cell 100 is cold-started, the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 are controlled to be connected, so that the heat storage device 300 can heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200, so as to achieve zero-carbon and low-temperature cold start. Compared with the prior art, the radiator and the electric heater are eliminated, and the reaction waste heat of the fuel cell 100 can be efficiently utilized through the heat storage device 300, which plays a role in saving energy. In addition, the solid fuel storage method can play a role in low-pressure safety.

[0060] Specifically, the fuel cell stack 100 may include but is not limited to a hydrogen fuel cell stack 100. When the fuel cell stack 100 is set as a hydrogen fuel cell stack 100, the solid fuel storage device 200 may be set as a solid hydrogen storage module, which provides a hydrogen source for the fuel cell stack 100 after heating. The heat storage device 300 may be made of a phase change heat storage material, and may store heat and release it when needed. Whether the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started or cold started can be determined by the ambient temperature or the temperature of the coolant in the heat exchange flow channel 110 of the stack. Specifically, when the ambient temperature or the temperature of the coolant in the heat exchange flow channel 110 of the stack is greater than 0°C, the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started, and when the ambient temperature or the temperature of the coolant in the heat exchange flow channel 110 of the stack is less than 0°C, the fuel cell stack 100 is cold started.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell cogeneration control system further includes a hot water supply device 400, which has a first heat exchange flow channel 411 that can provide a heat source. The first heat exchange flow channel 411 and the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 form a water supply heating circuit. The heat storage condition is set to the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 reaches the set hot water temperature T L By adding the hot water supply device 400, the fuel cell cogeneration control system can also supply hot water to facilitate daily life needs, and the heat storage condition is limited to the water supply temperature reaching the set hot water temperature T L , the waste heat of the stack heat exchange channel 110 can be provided to the hot water supply device 400 first to meet the needs of life. After the need for hot water is met, the additional waste heat can be provided to the heat storage device 300.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel heating flow channel 210, the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 and the first heat exchange flow channel 411 are arranged in parallel and respectively have a first junction end and a second junction end. All the first junction ends are connected to the outlet end of the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel 110 through a first four-way valve 500, and all the second junction ends are connected to the inlet end of the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel 110 through a second four-way valve 600. Specifically, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 each have four working valve ports, which may be port A, port B, port C and port D. The port A of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively corresponds to the outlet end and the inlet end connected to the stack heat exchange channel 110, the port B of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively corresponds to the first junction end and the second junction end connected to the first heat exchange channel 411, the port C of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively corresponds to the first junction end and the second junction end connected to the heat storage liquid flow channel 310, the port D of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively corresponds to the first junction end and the second junction end connected to the fuel heating flow channel 210, and the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are configured to select any at least two working valve ports to be connected to each other, so as to realize at least one circuit structure among the fuel heating circuit, the heat storage working circuit, the heat supply working circuit and the water supply heating circuit. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and both the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 may be configured as a valve group having four on-off valves.

[0063] In addition, the control device is respectively connected to the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 for communication, and the control device is further configured as follows:

[0064] Step S100, when the fuel cell stack 100 is started normally and the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is lower than the set optimal exhaust temperature T SIn this case, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to connect the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 and the fuel heating flow channel 210 and enter the first thermal management control mode.

[0065] Furthermore, the optimal exhaust temperature T is set S is the optimal release working temperature of the solid fuel degassing, and at this temperature, the degassing flow rate of the solid fuel storage device 200 can meet the reaction requirements of the fuel cell 100, so when it is detected that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is lower than the set optimal degassing temperature T S When the first four-way valve 500 is in operation, the A and D ports are controlled to be opened, and the B and C ports are closed, and the A and D ports of the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to be opened, and the B and C ports are closed, so that the stack heat exchange channel 110 is only connected to the fuel heating channel 210 and forms a fuel heating circuit, thereby ensuring that the solid fuel storage device 200 reaches the exhaust flow required for the fuel stack 100 reaction as soon as possible. Furthermore, a fourth temperature sensor T4 is provided at the first junction end of the fuel heating channel 210, and a fifth temperature sensor T5 is provided at the second junction end of the fuel heating channel 210, so as to detect the temperature of the corresponding positions respectively, and the fourth temperature sensor T4 and the fifth temperature sensor T5 are both connected to the control device for communication.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to:

[0067] Step S200: When the fuel cell stack 100 is started normally and the temperature on the fuel heating channel 210 reaches the set optimal exhaust temperature T S In this case, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange channel 110 to be connected to the fuel heating channel 210 and the first heat exchange channel 411 respectively and enter the second thermal management control mode.

[0068] Furthermore, the fourth temperature sensor T4 at the first junction end of the fuel heating flow channel 210 detects that the temperature reaches the set optimal exhaust temperature T S, it can be determined that the heat of the stack heat exchange channel 110 has met the needs of the fuel heating channel 210. As the fuel stack 100 continues to generate heat, the stack heat exchange channel 110 will have more heat than the fuel heating channel 210 needs. Therefore, at this time, by controlling the first four-way valve 500A, B and D ports to open and C port to close, and controlling the second four-way valve 600A, B and D ports to open and C port to close, the stack heat exchange channel 110 can not only be connected to the fuel heating channel 210 to form a fuel heating circuit, but also be connected to the first heat exchange channel 411 to form a water supply heating circuit, so that the excess heat can be used to heat the domestic water in the hot water supply device 400. It should be noted that the optimal exhaust temperature T is set. S It can be a certain value or a range.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to:

[0070] Step S300: When the fuel cell stack 100 is started normally and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 reaches the set hot water temperature T L In this case, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange channel 110 to be connected to the fuel heating channel 210, the first heat exchange channel 411 and the heat storage liquid channel 310 respectively and enter the third thermal management control mode.

[0071] Furthermore, the hot water supply device 400 is provided with a twelfth temperature sensor T12 which is in communication with the control device. When the twelfth temperature sensor T12 detects that the water supply temperature reaches the set hot water temperature T L At this time, it can be determined that the heat of the stack heat exchange channel 110 has not only met the needs of the fuel heating channel 210, but also met the needs of hot water heating. As the subsequent fuel cell 100 continues to generate heat, the stack heat exchange channel 110 will have extra heat. Therefore, at this time, by controlling the A, B, C and D ports of the first four-way valve 500 to open, and controlling the A, B, C and D ports of the second four-way valve 600 to open, the stack heat exchange channel 110 is not only connected to the fuel heating channel 210 and the first heat exchange channel 411 respectively, but also connected to the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 to form a heat storage working circuit, so that the excess heat can be collected and stored in the heat storage device 300, so that when the fuel cell 100 is cold started, the heat storage device 300 can release the collected heat to heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200.

[0072] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to:

[0073] Step S400, when the fuel cell stack 100 is cold started, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to connect the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 and form a heating working circuit to enter the fourth thermal management control mode.

[0074] Specifically, a first temperature sensor T1 is provided on the outlet end of the fuel cell stack heat exchange channel 110 and is communicatively connected to the control device, and an eighth temperature sensor T8 is provided on the inlet end of the fuel cell stack heat exchange channel 110 and is communicatively connected to the control device. When the first temperature sensor T1 and / or the eighth temperature sensor T8 detects that the temperature is less than 0°C, or when the ambient temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is less than 0°C, it can be determined that the fuel cell stack 100 is in a cold start state. At this time, the coolant in the fuel cell stack heat exchange channel 110 cannot supply heat to the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200. It is necessary to control the first four-way valve 500C and D ports to be open, and A and B ports to be closed, and control the second four-way valve 600C and D ports to be open, and A and B ports to be closed, so that the fuel heating channel 210 is only connected to the heat storage liquid flow channel 310. The heat storage device 300 can release the collected heat to heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200, thereby achieving a zero-carbon low-temperature cold start.

[0075] More specifically, in the case of cold start of the fuel cell stack 100, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 for conduction, and the fourth thermal management control mode can be entered. In the fourth thermal management control mode, the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 is provided with a third circulation pump 311 that is communicatively connected to the control device. After the coolant in the heating working circuit is pressurized and circulated by the third circulation pump 311, it can pass through the C port, D port of the first four-way valve 500 in sequence. The fuel enters the fuel heating flow channel 210 through the port D and the port C of the second four-way valve 600, and returns to the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 of the heat storage device 300 in sequence. In this process, the rotation speed of the third circulation pump 311 and the opening of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted to ensure that the temperature of the fuel heating flow channel 210 rises as quickly as possible, and when the fourth temperature sensor T4 and / or the fifth temperature sensor T5 detect that the temperature rises to above 0°C, it can be determined that the fuel cell stack 100 has become a normal start. In addition, a second temperature sensor T2 is provided on the first junction end of the heat storage liquid flow channel 310, and a sixth temperature sensor T6 is provided on the second junction end of the heat storage liquid flow channel 310.

[0076] In one embodiment of the present invention, the outlet end of the fuel cell heat exchange channel 110 is provided with a first circulation pump 111 that is communicatively connected to the control device, and the first thermal management control mode includes: controlling the rotation speed of the first circulation pump 111, and the opening of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600, so that the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the fuel cell heat exchange channel 110 are increased according to the corresponding first set slope. In this way, in the early stage of the normal startup of the fuel cell 100, the temperature rise of the outlet and inlet ends of the fuel cell heat exchange channel 110 can be controlled, and by presetting the first set slope, the phenomenon of slow temperature rise can be avoided. It should be particularly noted that the first set slope of the outlet temperature and the first set slope of the inlet temperature can be set to be the same or different.

[0077] Specifically, when the start-up instruction is received and it is determined that the fuel cell stack 100 starts normally, the first circulation pump 111 is controlled to start, and the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange channel 110 and the fuel heating channel 210 to be connected and enter the first thermal management control mode. After the coolant in the fuel heating circuit passes through the pressurized circulation of the first circulation pump 111, it passes through the A port and the D port of the first four-way valve 500 in sequence to enter the fuel heating channel 210, and returns to the stack heat exchange channel 110 from the D port and the A port of the second control valve. At the same time, the rotation speed of the first circulation pump 111 and the opening of each port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted to ensure that the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange channel 110 both increase according to the corresponding first set slope. Of course, the temperature on the fuel heating channel 210 will also increase, so that the solid fuel storage device 200 continues to provide a stable gas source for the fuel cell stack 100. In this thermal management control mode, the temperature of the fuel cell heat exchange channel 110 is lower than the maximum operating temperature T FC That is, the value detected by the eighth temperature sensor T8 should be less than the maximum operating temperature T allowed by the fuel cell stack 100. FC .

[0078] More specifically, the rotation speed of the first circulation pump 111 and the openings of the two four-way valves in the first thermal management control mode may be controlled by PID (proportional, integral, differential) regulation.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hot water supply device 400 includes a heat exchanger 410 and a hot water storage tank 420, the heat exchanger 410 has a first heat exchange flow channel 411 and a second heat exchange flow channel 412, both ends of the second heat exchange flow channel 412 are respectively connected to the hot water storage tank 420, and the second heat exchange flow channel 412 is provided with a second circulation pump 414 that is communicatively connected to the control device. The second thermal management control mode includes: controlling the speed of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414, and the opening of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant to the set optimal exhaust temperature T S The inlet temperature of the fuel stack heat exchange channel 110 continues to rise according to the second set slope. In the middle of the normal startup of the fuel cell 100, it can not only ensure that the temperature on the fuel heating channel 210 is constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S , and it can also ensure that the temperature rise at the inlet end of the stack heat exchange channel 110 is controllable. At this stage, the temperature at the outlet end of the stack heat exchange channel 110 is predictably controllable, so it is not added to the control target. At the same time, by presetting the second set slope, the phenomenon of over-temperature due to rapid temperature rise can be avoided. Of course, after meeting the above two requirements, the excess heat can be provided to the hot water supply device 400. It should be particularly noted that the first heat exchange channel 411 contains coolant, and the second heat exchange channel 412 contains domestic water. The second circulating pump 414 can extract domestic water in the hot water storage tank 420 into the second heat exchange channel 412, so that it can exchange heat with the coolant in the first heat exchange channel 411. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this. The first heat exchange channel 411 can also be directly set in the hot water storage tank 420 without the heat exchanger 410. The coolant in the first heat exchange channel 411 directly exchanges heat with the water in the hot water storage tank 420.

[0080] Specifically, when the temperature detected by the fourth temperature sensor T4 on the fuel heating flow channel 210 reaches the set optimal exhaust temperature T S In the case of the above, the second circulation pump 414 is controlled to start, and the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange channel 110 to be connected with the fuel heating channel 210 and the first heat exchange channel 411 respectively and enter the second thermal management control mode. After the coolant in the stack heat exchange channel 110 passes through the pressurized circulation of the first circulation pump 111, it passes through the A port, B port / D port of the first four-way valve 500 in sequence and enters the first heat exchange channel 411 and the fuel heating channel 210 respectively, and returns to the stack heat exchange channel 110 from the B port / D port and A port of the second control valve. At the same time, the rotation speeds of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414, as well as the openings of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted to ensure that the temperature on the fuel heating channel 210 is constant to the set optimal degassing temperature TS The inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange channel 110 continues to rise according to the second set slope, and of course the temperature of the domestic water in the hot water storage tank 420 will also rise. In this thermal management control mode, the temperature of the stack heat exchange channel 110 is less than or equal to the maximum operating temperature T allowed by the fuel cell stack 100. FC , that is, the value detected by the eighth temperature sensor T8 should be less than or equal to the maximum operating temperature T allowed by the fuel cell stack 100. FC .

[0081] More specifically, the first junction end and the second junction end of the first heat exchange channel 411 of the heat exchanger 410 are respectively provided with a third temperature sensor T3 and a seventh temperature sensor T7, and the third temperature sensor T3 and the seventh temperature sensor T7 are both connected to the control device in communication; the two ends of the second heat exchange channel 412 of the heat exchanger 410 are respectively provided with a ninth temperature sensor T9 and a tenth temperature sensor T10, and the ninth temperature sensor T9 and the tenth temperature sensor T10 are both connected to the control device in communication. At the same time, the speed of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414 and the opening of the two four-way valves in the second thermal management control mode can also be controlled by PID (proportional, integral, differential) regulation.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present invention, the third thermal management control mode includes: controlling the rotation speed of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414, and the opening of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant to the set optimal exhaust temperature T S The water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 is constant at the set hot water temperature T L This ensures that in the later stage of the normal startup of the fuel cell stack 100, not only the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 can be kept constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S , and can also ensure that the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 is constant at the set hot water temperature T L Of course, after meeting the above two requirements, the excess heat can be provided to the heat storage device 300 to further achieve the purpose of improving the utilization rate of waste heat.

[0083] Specifically, when the temperature detected by the ninth temperature sensor T9 reaches the set hot water temperature T LIn the case of the above, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 to be connected with the fuel heating flow channel 210, the first heat exchange flow channel 411 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 respectively and enter the third thermal management control mode. After the coolant in the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is pressurized and circulated by the first circulation pump 111, it passes through the A port, B port / C port / D port of the first four-way valve 500 in sequence and enters the first heat exchange flow channel 411, the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 and the fuel heating flow channel 210 respectively, and returns to the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 from the B port / C port / D port and A port of the second control valve. At the same time, the rotation speed of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414, as well as the opening of each port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted to ensure that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant to the set optimal degassing temperature T S The water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 is constant at the set hot water temperature T L , of course, the heat in the heat storage device 300 is increased. In this thermal management control mode, the temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is less than or equal to the maximum operating temperature T allowed by the fuel cell stack 100 FC , that is, the value detected by the eighth temperature sensor T8 should be less than or equal to the maximum operating temperature T allowed by the fuel cell stack 100. FC .

[0084] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hot water supply device 400 further includes a water replenishment control valve 421 and a water supply control valve 422 provided on the hot water storage tank 420, the water replenishment control valve 421 is used to replenish cold water to the hot water storage tank 420, and the water supply control valve 422 is used to release hot water in the hot water storage tank 420, and the third thermal management control mode further includes:

[0085] According to the opening of the water supply control valve 422, the speed of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414, as well as the opening of the first four-way valve 500, the second four-way valve 600 and the water supply control valve 421 are controlled so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant to the set optimal exhaust temperature T S The water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 is constant at the set hot water temperature T L .

[0086] Specifically, in the third thermal management mode, when the water supply control valve 422 is opened to supply hot water, in this case, in order to accurately control the domestic water in the hot water supply device 400 to maintain the set hot water temperature T L, no over-temperature occurs, not only the opening of the water supply control valve 422 is monitored, but also a water replenishment control valve 421 with adjustable opening is provided. More specifically, the pipeline where the water replenishment control valve 421 is located is provided with an eleventh temperature sensor T11 that is connected to the control device for communication, and the pipeline where the water supply control valve 422 is located is provided with a twelfth temperature sensor T12 that is connected to the control device for communication. Furthermore, the speeds of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414, as well as the openings of the first four-way valve 500, the second four-way valve 600 and the water replenishment control valve 421 can be controlled according to the opening of the water supply control valve 422 and the temperature detected by the eleventh temperature sensor T11. At the same time, the speeds of the first circulation pump 111 and the second circulation pump 414 and the openings of the water replenishment control valve 421 and the two four-way valves under the third thermal management control mode can also be controlled by PID (proportional, integral, differential) regulation control.

[0087] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control device is further configured to: when the temperature of the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 is greater than the set maximum heat storage temperature T MAX Specifically, the temperature of the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 can be detected by the sixth temperature sensor T6. When the temperature detected by the sixth temperature sensor T6 is greater than the set maximum heat storage temperature T MAX When the system fails, it can be determined that there is a fault. At this time, the control alarm is given and the machine is shut down, and the fault can be handled in time.

[0088] In summary, when the startup command is received and the fuel cell stack 100 is started normally, the system switches from the first thermal management control mode to the second thermal management control mode and the third thermal management control mode to ensure that the temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is less than or equal to the maximum operating temperature T allowed by the fuel cell stack 100. FC The temperature of the fuel heating channel 210 is stabilized at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S The hot water storage tank 420 provides the user with a suitable set hot water temperature T L The heat storage temperature of the heat storage device 300 is lower than the set maximum heat storage temperature T of the heat storage device 300. MAX , and all the waste heat is stored in the heat storage device, and the entire system operates in a coordinated manner. When the start-up command is received and the fuel cell stack 100 is cold-started, the heat storage device 300 releases heat to heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200, achieving a zero-carbon low-temperature cold start.

[0089] Therefore, the present invention innovatively introduces two four-way valves to distribute the waste heat of power generation of the fuel cell stack 100 to the solid fuel storage device 200, the hot water storage tank 420 and the heat storage device 300 according to actual needs, adopts a low-pressure and safe solid-state storage method for fuel gas source supply, eliminates the radiator and the electric heater, and adopts the phase change material heat storage device 300 to collect waste heat. By monitoring the inlet and outlet temperatures of the flow channels of each module, the flow rate, flow velocity and temperature are dynamically coupled and adjusted, heat is distributed on demand, heat is dissipated without a radiator, and all controllable heat is collected to achieve zero-carbon low-temperature cold start, and the waste heat of the fuel cell stack 100 reaction is efficiently utilized to save energy. It is a normal pressure, safe, and highly operable cogeneration system.

[0090] In addition, the present invention also provides an operating machine, wherein the operating machine includes the fuel cell cogeneration control system described above. Since the operating machine adopts all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here. Specifically, the operating machine includes but is not limited to a crane. Of course, the system includes but is not limited to the field of operating machinery, and can also be applied to transportation, industrial parks, residential and commercial buildings and other fields.

[0091] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0092] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0093] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0094] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell cogeneration control system, characterized in that: The fuel cell cogeneration control system comprises: A fuel cell heat exchange device, comprising a fuel cell heat exchange flow channel (110) flowing through a fuel cell stack (100); A fuel heating device, comprising a fuel heating flow channel (210) flowing through the solid fuel storage device (200) and forming a fuel heating circuit with the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel (110); The heat storage device (300) has a heat storage liquid flow channel (310), wherein the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) can be connected to one of the stack heat exchange flow channel (110) and the fuel heating flow channel (210) to form a corresponding working circuit; The control device is configured to: When the fuel cell stack (100) is started normally and the heat storage condition is met, the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel (110) and the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) are controlled to be connected to form a heat storage working circuit; When the fuel cell stack (100) is cold started, the fuel heating flow channel (210) and the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) are controlled to be connected and form a heat supply working circuit.

2. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell cogeneration control system further comprises a hot water supply device (400), the hot water supply device (400) having a first heat exchange channel (411) capable of providing a heat source, the first heat exchange channel (411) and the stack heat exchange channel (110) forming a water supply heating circuit, and the heat storage condition being set such that the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) reaches a set hot water temperature.

3. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel heating flow channel (210), the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) and the first heat exchange flow channel (411) are arranged in parallel and each has a first junction end and a second junction end, all the first junction ends are connected to the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel (110) through a first four-way valve (500), and all the second junction ends are connected to the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel (110) through a second four-way valve (600), and the control device is further configured as follows: When the fuel cell stack (100) is started normally and the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel (210) is lower than the set optimal degassing temperature, the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled to switch to connect the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel (110) and the fuel heating flow channel (210) and enter the first thermal management control mode.

4. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control device is further configured to: When the fuel cell stack (100) is started normally and the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel (210) reaches the set optimal degassing temperature, the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled to switch to the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel (110) to be connected to the fuel heating flow channel (210) and the first heat exchange flow channel (411) respectively and enter the second thermal management control mode.

5. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control device is further configured to: When the fuel cell stack (100) is started normally and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) reaches the set hot water temperature, the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled to switch to the fuel cell stack heat exchange flow channel (110) to be connected to the fuel heating flow channel (210), the first heat exchange flow channel (411) and the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) respectively and enter the third thermal management control mode.

6. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The control device is further configured to: When the fuel cell stack (100) is cold started, the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled to switch to the fuel heating flow channel (210) and the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) to conduct and form a heating working loop, so as to enter the fourth thermal management control mode.

7. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first circulation pump (111) is provided at the outlet end of the stack heat exchange channel (110), and the first thermal management control mode includes: The rotation speed of the first circulation pump (111) and the openings of the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled so that the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange channel (110) are increased according to the corresponding first set slope.

8. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hot water supply device (400) comprises a heat exchanger (410) and a hot water storage tank (420), the heat exchanger (410) having the first heat exchange channel (411) and the second heat exchange channel (412), both ends of the second heat exchange channel (412) being respectively connected to the hot water storage tank (420), the second heat exchange channel (412) being provided with a second circulation pump (414), and the second thermal management control mode comprising: The rotation speeds of the first circulation pump (111) and the second circulation pump (414), and the openings of the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel (210) is kept constant at the set optimal degassing temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel (110) continues to rise according to the second set slope.

9. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The third thermal management control mode includes: The rotation speeds of the first circulation pump (111) and the second circulation pump (414) and the openings of the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel (210) is constant at a set optimal air release temperature and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) is constant at a set hot water temperature.

10. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hot water supply device (400) further comprises a water replenishment control valve (421) and a water supply control valve (422) arranged on the hot water storage tank (420), the water replenishment control valve (421) being used to replenish cold water to the hot water storage tank (420), and the water supply control valve (422) being used to release hot water from the hot water storage tank (420), and the third thermal management control mode further comprises: The rotation speeds of the first circulation pump (111) and the second circulation pump (414), as well as the openings of the first four-way valve (500), the second four-way valve (600) and the water replenishment control valve (421) are controlled according to the opening of the water supply control valve (422), so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel (210) is constant at a set optimal air release temperature and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) is constant at a set hot water temperature.

11. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The control device is also configured to: When the temperature of the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) is greater than the set maximum heat storage temperature, the control alarm is triggered and the machine is shut down.

12. A working machine, characterized in that: The working machine includes the fuel cell cogeneration control system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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