Fuel cell cogeneration control system and working machine

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell combined heat and power control system and a working machine, and the control system comprises a stack heat exchange device, a fuel heating device, a heat storage device and a control device, wherein the control device is configured to: in the case that the fuel stack is normally started and the heat storage condition is met, control the selection of the stack heat exchange flow channel of the stack heat exchange device and the heat storage flow channel of the heat storage device to be conducted and form a heat storage working loop; in the case that the fuel stack is cold started, control the selection of the fuel heating flow channel of the fuel heating device and the heat storage flow channel of the heat storage device to be conducted and form a heat supply working loop, so that the excess heat can be collected in the heat storage device, and the heat storage device can heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device during cold starting, compared with the prior art, the radiator and the electric heater are cancelled, the reaction waste heat of the fuel stack can be efficiently utilized through the heat storage device, and the energy can be saved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a fuel cell combined heat and power control system and working machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of globalization, energy consumption is rapidly increasing, and limited resources are gradually being depleted. It is crucial to develop and find new green alternative energy to alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical device that generates electricity through non-combustion electrochemical reaction, and is one of the new and outstanding clean energy sources. It has the advantages of low temperature, low pressure, short start-up and shutdown time, low noise, high energy density, high efficiency, etc., and can be applied to transportation, power and building, etc.

[0003] So far, the most widely used fuel cell is not in the well-known transportation field, but in the fuel cell combined heat and power system. Fuel cell combined heat and power is to collect the heat generated by the chemical reaction of fuel cell to supply the required heat energy to the user, such as hot water for daily use and heating, etc. The reaction waste heat is fully utilized. However, the heat management system in the traditional fuel cell combined heat and power system mainly uses a radiator to ensure the heat balance required for good operation of the stack, and uses an electric heater to assist in low temperature conditions to ensure the low temperature start-up performance of the system, resulting in a comprehensive efficiency of about 80%, and part of the waste heat is not efficiently utilized. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above defects or deficiencies, the present application provides a fuel cell combined heat and power control system and working machine, which aims to solve the technical problem that part of the waste heat of the traditional fuel cell combined heat and power system is not efficiently utilized.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect of the present application provides a fuel cell combined heat and power control system, wherein the fuel cell combined heat and power control system comprises a stack heat exchange device, a fuel heating device, a heat storage device and a control device; the stack heat exchange device has a stack heat exchange flow channel flowing through the fuel stack; the fuel heating device has a fuel heating flow channel flowing through the solid fuel storage device and forms a fuel heating loop with the stack heat exchange flow channel; the heat storage device has a heat storage liquid flow channel, and the heat storage liquid flow channel can be selectively conducted in one of the stack heat exchange flow channel and the fuel heating flow channel to form a corresponding working loop; the control device is configured to:

[0006] In the case that the fuel stack is normally started and the heat storage condition is met, the control selects the stack heat exchange flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel to be conducted and forms a heat storage working loop;

[0007] In the case of cold start of the fuel cell stack, the control selects the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel to be connected and forms a heat supply working circuit.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present application, the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system further comprises a hot water supply device, the hot water supply device has a first heat exchange flow channel capable of providing a heat source, the first heat exchange flow channel and the stack heat exchange flow channel form a water heating circuit, and the heat storage condition is set as the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device reaching a set hot water temperature.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present application, the fuel heating flow channel, the heat storage liquid flow channel and the first heat exchange flow channel are arranged in parallel and each has a first junction end and a second junction end, all the first junction ends are connected to the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel through a first four-way valve, and all the second junction ends are connected to the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel through a second four-way valve, and the control device is further configured to:

[0010] In the case of normal start of the fuel cell stack and the temperature in the fuel heating flow channel being less than the set optimal exhaust gas temperature, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange flow channel being connected to the fuel heating flow channel and enter the first thermal management control mode.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to:

[0012] In the case of normal start of the fuel cell stack and the temperature in the fuel heating flow channel reaching the set optimal exhaust gas temperature, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange flow channel being connected to the fuel heating flow channel and the first heat exchange flow channel respectively and enter the second thermal management control mode.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to:

[0014] In the case of normal start of the fuel cell stack and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device reaching the set hot water temperature, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange flow channel being connected to the fuel heating flow channel, the first heat exchange flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel respectively and enter the third thermal management control mode.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to:

[0016] In the case of cold start of the fuel cell stack, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled to switch to the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel to be connected and form a heat supply working circuit to enter the fourth thermal management control mode.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present application, the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel is provided with a first circulating pump, and the first thermal management control mode comprises:

[0018] The rotation speed of the first circulating pump, and the opening degree of the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled, so that the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel both rise according to the corresponding first set slope.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, the hot water supply device comprises a heat exchanger and a hot water storage tank, the heat exchanger has a first heat exchange flow channel and a second heat exchange flow channel, two ends of the second heat exchange flow channel are respectively communicated with the hot water storage tank, a second circulating pump is arranged on the second heat exchange flow channel, and the second heat management control mode comprises:

[0020] The rotation speed of the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump, and the opening degree of the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel is constant at the set optimal gas emission temperature, and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel continues to rise according to the second set slope.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present application, the third heat management control mode comprises:

[0022] The rotation speed of the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump, and the opening degree of the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are controlled, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel is constant at the set optimal gas emission temperature, and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel continues to rise according to the second set slope.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present application, the hot water supply device further comprises a water supplement control valve and a water supply control valve arranged on the hot water storage tank, the water supplement control valve is used for cold water supplement of the hot water storage tank, the water supply control valve is used for discharging hot water in the hot water storage tank, and the third heat management control mode further comprises:

[0024] The rotation speed of the first circulating pump and the second circulating pump, and the opening degree of the first four-way valve, the second four-way valve and the water supplement control valve are controlled according to the opening degree of the water supply control valve, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel is constant at the set optimal gas emission temperature, and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device is constant at the set hot water temperature.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to:

[0026] In the case that the temperature of the heat storage and liquid flow channel is greater than the set maximum heat storage temperature, the alarm is controlled and the machine is stopped.

[0027] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second aspect of the present application provides a working machine, wherein the working machine comprises the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system according to the above.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] When the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system is used, since the fuel heating flow channel of the fuel heating device flows through the solid fuel storage device, the heat generated by the fuel cell stack when the fuel cell stack is normally started can be supplied to the solid fuel storage device through the fuel heating circuit formed by the fuel heating flow channel and the stack heat exchange flow channel to heat the solid fuel to release gas, and when the system meets the heat storage condition, the stack heat exchange flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel can be controlled to be connected to form a heat storage working circuit, that is, the stack heat exchange flow channel can supply heat to the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel at the same time, so that the excess heat can be collected in the heat storage device, and when the fuel cell stack is cold started, the fuel heating flow channel and the heat storage liquid flow channel are controlled to be connected, so that the heat storage device can heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device to realize zero-carbon low-temperature cold start. Compared with the prior art, the radiator and the electric heater are cancelled, the reaction waste heat of the fuel cell stack can be efficiently utilized through the heat storage device, the function of saving energy is achieved, and in addition, the solid fuel storage mode can play a role in low-pressure safety.

[0030] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the application, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from the structures shown in the drawings without creative labor. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system according to an embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 2 is a control flow schematic diagram of a control device according to an embodiment of the application.

[0034] Explanation of reference signs:

[0035] 100 fuel cell stack 110 stack heat exchange flow channel

[0036] 111 first circulating pump 200 solid fuel storage device

[0037] 210 fuel heating flow channel 300 heat storage device

[0038] 310 heat storage liquid flow channel 311 third circulating pump

[0039] 400 hot water supply device 410 heat exchanger

[0040] 411 first heat exchange flow channel 412 second heat exchange flow channel

[0041] 414 second circulating pump 420 hot water storage tank

[0042] 421 make-up water control valve 422 water supply control valve

[0043] 500 first four-way valve 600 second four-way valve

[0044] T1 first temperature sensor T2 second temperature sensor

[0045] T3 third temperature sensor T4 fourth temperature sensor

[0046] T5 fifth temperature sensor T6 sixth temperature sensor

[0047] T7 seventh temperature sensor T8 eighth temperature sensor

[0048] T9 ninth temperature sensor T10 tenth temperature sensor

[0049] T11 eleventh temperature sensor T12 twelfth temperature sensor DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The specific embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Changes can be made to the embodiments described without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

[0051] A fuel cell cogeneration control system and a working machine according to the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present application provides a fuel cell cogeneration control system, wherein the fuel cell cogeneration control system comprises:

[0053] a stack heat exchange device having a stack heat exchange flow channel 110 through which a fuel cell stack 100 flows;

[0054] a fuel heating device having a fuel heating flow channel 210 through which a solid fuel storage device 200 flows and constituting a fuel heating circuit with the stack heat exchange flow channel 110;

[0055] a heat storage device 300 having a heat storage liquid flow channel 310 which is selectively connected to one of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 and the fuel heating flow channel 210 and constitutes a corresponding working circuit;

[0056] a control device configured to:

[0057] In the case that the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started and the heat storage condition is met, the control selects the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 and the heat storage over liquid flow channel 310 to be communicated and form a heat storage working loop.

[0058] In the case that the fuel cell stack 100 is cold started, the control selects the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage over liquid flow channel 310 to be communicated and form a heat supply working loop.

[0059] When the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system is used, since the fuel heating flow channel 210 of the fuel heating device flows through the solid fuel storage device 200, the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 100 can be supplied to the solid fuel storage device 200 through the fuel heating loop formed by the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 to heat the solid fuel and release gas when the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started. In the case that the system meets the heat storage condition, the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 and the heat storage over liquid flow channel 310 can be controlled to be communicated to form a heat storage working loop, that is, the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 can supply heat to the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage over liquid flow channel 310 at the same time, so that the excess heat can be collected in the heat storage device 300, and when the fuel cell stack 100 is cold started, the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage over liquid flow channel 310 are controlled to be communicated, so that the heat storage device 300 can heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200 to realize zero-carbon low-temperature cold start. Compared with the prior art, the radiator and the electric heater are cancelled, the reaction waste heat of the fuel cell stack 100 can be efficiently utilized through the heat storage device 300, which plays a role in saving energy, and in addition, the solid fuel storage mode can play a role in low-pressure safety.

[0060] Specifically, the fuel cell stack 100 can include but is not limited to a hydrogen fuel cell stack 100, in the case that the fuel cell stack 100 is a hydrogen fuel cell stack 100, the solid fuel storage device 200 can be a solid hydrogen storage module, which provides a hydrogen source for the fuel cell stack 100 after heating and warming up. The heat storage device 300 can be made of a phase change heat storage material and can store heat and release it when needed. Whether the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started or cold started can be determined by the ambient temperature or the temperature of the coolant in the stack heat exchange flow channel 110, specifically, when the ambient temperature or the temperature of the coolant in the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is greater than 0℃, the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started, and when the ambient temperature or the temperature of the coolant in the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is less than 0℃, the fuel cell stack 100 is cold started.

[0061] In an embodiment of the present application, the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system further comprises a hot water supply device 400, the hot water supply device 400 has a first heat exchange flow channel 411 which can provide a heat source, the first heat exchange flow channel 411 and the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 constitute a water supply heating loop, the heat storage condition is set as the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 reaching a set hot water temperature T L . By adding the hot water supply device 400, the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system can also supply hot water to meet the needs of daily life, and by limiting the heat storage condition to the water supply temperature reaching the set hot water temperature T L , the waste heat of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 can be preferentially provided to the hot water supply device 400 to meet the needs of daily life, and after meeting the needs of hot water, the excess waste heat is provided to the heat storage device 300.

[0062] In an embodiment of the present application, the fuel heating flow channel 210, the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 and the first heat exchange flow channel 411 are arranged in parallel and each has a first junction end and a second junction end, all the first junction ends are connected to the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 through a first four-way valve 500, and all the second junction ends are connected to the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 through a second four-way valve 600. Specifically, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 each have four working valve ports, which can be A port, B port, C port and D port, the A port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively correspond to the connection of the outlet end and the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110, the B port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively correspond to the connection of the first junction end and the second junction end of the first heat exchange flow channel 411, the C port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively correspond to the connection of the first junction end and the second junction end of the heat storage liquid flow channel 310, and the D port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 respectively correspond to the connection of the first junction end and the second junction end of the fuel heating flow channel 210. The first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are configured to select any at least two working valve ports to communicate, so as to realize the formation of at least one loop in the fuel heating loop, the heat storage working loop, the heat supply working loop and the water supply heating loop. Of course, the present application is not limited to this, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 can each be provided as a valve group with four on-off valves.

[0063] In addition, the control device is in communication connection with the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600, and the control device is further configured to:

[0064] Step S100, when the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started and the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is less than a set optimal exhaust gas temperature T SIn the case that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 reaches the set optimal off-gas temperature T

[0065] Further, the optimal off-gas temperature T S is set as the optimal release working temperature of the solid fuel off-gas, and at this temperature, the off-gas flow of the solid fuel storage device 200 can meet the reaction requirement of the fuel cell 100, thus in the case that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is detected to be less than the set optimal off-gas temperature T S , the A port and the D port of the first four-way valve 500 are controlled to be opened, and the B port and the C port are controlled to be closed, and the A port and the D port of the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to be opened, and the B port and the C port are controlled to be closed, so that the fuel cell heat exchange flow channel 110 is only communicated with the fuel heating flow channel 210 and forms a fuel heating loop, thereby ensuring that the solid fuel storage device 200 reaches the off-gas flow required by the fuel cell 100 as soon as possible. Further, the first junction end of the fuel heating flow channel 210 is provided with a fourth temperature sensor T4, and the second junction end of the fuel heating flow channel 210 is provided with a fifth temperature sensor T5, for detecting the temperature at the corresponding position respectively, and the fourth temperature sensor T4 and the fifth temperature sensor T5 are both in communication connection with the control device.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to:

[0067] In the case that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 reaches the set optimal off-gas temperature T S , the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to be switched to the fuel cell heat exchange flow channel 110 being communicated with the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the first heat exchange flow channel 411 respectively and entering the second heat management control mode.

[0068] Further, the fourth temperature sensor T4 on the first junction end of the fuel heating flow channel 210 detects that the temperature reaches the set optimal off-gas temperature T SWhen the temperature of the water supplied by the water supply device 400 reaches the set hot water temperature T, it can be determined that the heat of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 has met the needs of the fuel heating flow channel 210, and as the subsequent fuel cell stack 100 continues to generate heat, the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 will have more heat than the fuel heating flow channel 210 needs, therefore, at this time, by controlling the first four-way valve 500A to open the A, B and D ports and close the C port, and controlling the second four-way valve 600 to open the A, B and D ports and close the C port, so that the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 not only conducts with the fuel heating flow channel 210 and forms a fuel heating loop, but also conducts with the first heat exchange flow channel 411 and forms a water heating loop, and further makes the excess heat be used for heating the domestic water in the water supply device 400. It needs to be particularly pointed out that the optimal exhaust temperature T S It can be a certain value or a range interval.

[0069] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to:

[0070] Step S300, when the fuel cell stack 100 is normally started and the water temperature of the water supply device 400 reaches the set hot water temperature T L , the control device controls the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 to switch to the third heat management control mode, so that the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 conducts with the fuel heating flow channel 210, the first heat exchange flow channel 411 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 respectively and enters the third heat management control mode.

[0071] Further, the water supply device 400 is provided with a twelfth temperature sensor T12 in communication connection with the control device, when the twelfth temperature sensor T12 detects that the water temperature reaches the set hot water temperature T L , it can be determined that the heat of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 not only meets the needs of the fuel heating flow channel 210, but also meets the needs of hot water heating, and as the subsequent fuel cell stack 100 continues to generate heat, the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 will have more heat, therefore, at this time, by controlling the first four-way valve 500A to open the A, B, C and D ports, and controlling the second four-way valve 600 to open the A, B, C and D ports, so that the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 not only conducts with the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the first heat exchange flow channel 411 respectively, but also conducts with the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 and forms a heat storage working loop, and further makes the excess heat be collected and stored in the heat storage device 300, so as to heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200 when the fuel cell stack 100 is cold started.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to:

[0073] Step S400, in the case of cold start of the fuel cell stack 100, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are switched to the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 for conduction and form a heat supply working circuit to enter the fourth thermal management control mode.

[0074] Specifically, the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is provided with a first temperature sensor T1 in communication connection with the control device, and the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is provided with an eighth temperature sensor T8 in communication connection with the control device. When the first temperature sensor T1 and / or the eighth temperature sensor T8 detects a temperature less than 0℃, or the ambient temperature sensor detects an ambient temperature less than 0℃, it can be determined that the fuel cell stack 100 is in a cold start condition. At this time, the coolant in the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 cannot supply heat to the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200, and it is necessary to control the first four-way valve 500 to open the C port and the D port, and to close the A port and the B port, and to control the second four-way valve 600 to open the C port and the D port, and to close the A port and the B port, so that the fuel heating flow channel 210 is only in conduction with the heat storage liquid flow channel 310. The heat storage device 300 can release the collected heat to heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200, realizing zero-carbon low-temperature cold start.

[0075] More specifically, in the case of cold start of the fuel cell stack 100, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are switched to the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 for conduction, and can enter the fourth thermal management control mode. In the fourth thermal management control mode, the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 is provided with a third circulating pump 311 in communication connection with the control device. After the coolant in the heat supply working circuit is pressurized and circulated by the third circulating pump 311, it can enter the fuel heating flow channel 210 through the C port and the D port of the first four-way valve 500 in turn, and return to the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 of the heat storage device 300 through the D port and the C port of the second four-way valve 600 in turn. In this process, the speed of the third circulating pump 311 and the opening of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted to ensure that the temperature of the fuel heating flow channel 210 rises as soon as possible, and when the fourth temperature sensor T4 and / or the fifth temperature sensor T5 detects that the temperature rises above 0℃, it can be determined that the fuel cell stack 100 becomes normal start. In addition, the first junction end of the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 is provided with a second temperature sensor T2, and the second junction end of the heat storage liquid flow channel 310 is provided with a sixth temperature sensor T6.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present application, the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is provided with a first circulating pump 111 in communication connection with the control device, and the first heat management control mode includes: controlling the rotating speed of the first circulating pump 111, and the opening degree of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600, so that the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 both rise according to the corresponding first set slope. Thus, the temperature rise of the outlet end and the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 can be controlled in the early stage of the normal start of the fuel cell stack 100, and by presetting the first set slope, the phenomenon of slow temperature rise can be avoided. It should be particularly noted that the first set slope of the outlet temperature and the first set slope of the inlet temperature can be the same or different.

[0077] Specifically, in the case of receiving the start instruction and determining that the fuel cell stack 100 is started normally, the first circulating pump 111 is controlled to start, and the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the conduction between the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 and the fuel heating flow channel 210 and enter the first heat management control mode. After the coolant in the fuel heating circuit is pressurized and circulated by the first circulating pump 111, it enters the fuel heating flow channel 210 through the A port and the D port of the first four-way valve 500 in turn, and returns to the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 from the D port and the A port of the second control valve, while the rotating speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the opening degree of each port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted to ensure that the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 both rise according to the corresponding first set slope, and of course the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 will also rise, so that the solid fuel storage device 200 continuously provides stable gas source for the fuel cell stack 100. In this heat management control mode, the temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is less than the maximum working temperature T FC , that is, the value detected by the eighth temperature sensor T8 should be less than the maximum working temperature T FC .

[0078] More specifically, the rotating speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the control of the opening degree of the two four-way valves in the first heat management control mode can adopt PID (proportion, integration, and differentiation) adjustment control.

[0079] In an embodiment of the present application, the hot water supply device 400 comprises a heat exchanger 410 and a hot water storage tank 420, the heat exchanger 410 has a first heat exchange flow channel 411 and a second heat exchange flow channel 412, two ends of the second heat exchange flow channel 412 are respectively communicated with the hot water storage tank 420, the second heat exchange flow channel 412 is provided with a second circulating pump 414 in communication connection with the control device, the second thermal management control mode comprises: controlling the rotating speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the second circulating pump 414, and the opening degree of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S , and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 continues to rise according to the second set slope. Thus, in the middle period of the normal start of the fuel cell stack 100, not only can the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 be ensured to be constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S , but also the temperature rise of the inlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 can be controlled, and in this stage, the temperature of the outlet end of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 can be predicted to be controllable, so it is not added to the control target, and by pre-setting the second set slope, the phenomenon of temperature rising too fast and over-temperature can be avoided. Of course, after meeting the above two requirements, the excess heat can be provided to the hot water supply device 400. It needs to be specially pointed out that the first heat exchange flow channel 411 is for coolant, and the second heat exchange flow channel 412 is for domestic water, and the second circulating pump 414 can extract the domestic water in the hot water storage tank 420 to the second heat exchange flow channel 412, so that the heat exchange with the coolant in the first heat exchange flow channel 411 can be performed. Of course, the present application is not limited to this, and the first heat exchange flow channel 411 can be directly arranged in the hot water storage tank 420, without the heat exchanger 410, and the coolant in the first heat exchange flow channel 411 directly exchanges heat with the water in the hot water storage tank 420.

[0080] Specifically, in the case that the first thermal management mode is in the first thermal management mode and the temperature detected by the fourth temperature sensor T4 on the fuel heating flow channel 210 reaches the set optimal exhaust temperature T S , the second circulating pump 414 is controlled to start, and the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are controlled to switch to the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 being conducted with the fuel heating flow channel 210 and the first heat exchange flow channel 411 respectively and entering the second thermal management control mode. The coolant in the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is pressurized and circulated by the first circulating pump 111, then passes through the A port and the B port / D port of the first four-way valve 500 in turn and enters the first heat exchange flow channel 411 and the fuel heating flow channel 210 respectively, and returns to the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 from the B port / D port and the A port of the second control valve, while the rotating speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the second circulating pump 414, and the opening degree of each port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature TS And the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 continues to rise according to the second set slope, of course, the temperature of the domestic water in the heat storage water tank 420 will also rise. In this thermal management control mode, the temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is less than or equal to the maximum working temperature T FC That is, the value detected by the eighth temperature sensor T8 should be less than or equal to the maximum working temperature T FC .

[0081] More specifically, the first and second junction ends of the first heat exchange flow channel 411 of the heat exchanger 410 are respectively provided with the third temperature sensor T3 and the seventh temperature sensor T7 one by one in a one-to-one correspondence, and the third temperature sensor T3 and the seventh temperature sensor T7 are both in communication connection with the control device; the two ends of the second heat exchange flow channel 412 of the heat exchanger 410 are respectively provided with the ninth temperature sensor T9 and the tenth temperature sensor T10 one by one in a one-to-one correspondence, and the ninth temperature sensor T9 and the tenth temperature sensor T10 are both in communication connection with the control device. At the same time, the control of the rotation speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the second circulating pump 414 and the opening degree of the two four-way valves in the second thermal management control mode can also adopt PID (proportion, integral, and differential) adjustment control.

[0082] In an embodiment of the present application, the third thermal management control mode includes: controlling the rotation speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the second circulating pump 414, and the opening degree of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant at the set optimal exhaust gas temperature T S And the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 is constant at the set hot water temperature T L . So that in the later stage of the normal start of the fuel cell stack 100, not only can the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 be constant at the set optimal exhaust gas temperature T S , but also the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 can be constant at the set hot water temperature T L , of course, after meeting the above two requirements, the excess heat can be provided to the heat storage device 300 to further achieve the purpose of improving the waste heat utilization rate.

[0083] Specifically, in the second thermal management mode, when the temperature detected by the ninth temperature sensor T9 reaches the set hot water temperature T LIn the case that the third heat management control mode is entered, the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are switched to conduct the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 with the fuel heating flow channel 210, the first heat exchange flow channel 411 and the heat storage over liquid flow channel 310 respectively, and the coolant in the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is pressurized by the first circulating pump 111, and then sequentially passes through the A port, the B port / C port / D port of the first four-way valve 500 and enters the first heat exchange flow channel 411, the heat storage over liquid flow channel 310 and the fuel heating flow channel 210 respectively, and returns to the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 from the B port / C port / D port, the A port of the second control valve, while the rotation speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the second circulating pump 414 and the opening degree of each port of the first four-way valve 500 and the second four-way valve 600 are adjusted to ensure that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 is constant at the set hot water temperature T L , and of course the heat in the heat storage device 300 is increased. In this heat management control mode, the temperature of the stack heat exchange flow channel 110 is less than or equal to the maximum working temperature T FC allowed by the fuel cell stack 100, that is, the value detected by the eighth temperature sensor T8 should be less than or equal to the maximum working temperature T FC allowed by the fuel cell stack 100.

[0084] In an embodiment of the present application, the hot water supply device 400 further comprises a water supplement control valve 421 and a water supply control valve 422 arranged on the heat storage water tank 420, the water supplement control valve 421 is used for cold water supplement of the heat storage water tank 420, and the water supply control valve 422 is used for discharging hot water in the heat storage water tank 420, and the third heat management control mode further comprises:

[0085] The rotation speed of the first circulating pump 111 and the second circulating pump 414 and the opening degree of the first four-way valve 500, the second four-way valve 600 and the water supplement control valve 421 are controlled according to the opening degree of the water supply control valve 422, so that the temperature on the fuel heating flow channel 210 is constant at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device 400 is constant at the set hot water temperature T L .

[0086] Specifically, in the case that the water supply control valve 422 is opened to supply hot water in the third heat management mode, in this case, in order to accurately control the domestic water in the hot water supply device 400 to maintain at the set hot water temperature T L, the temperature of the heat storage device 300 is less than the set maximum heat storage temperature T MAX of the heat storage device 300, and all the waste heat is stored in the heat accumulator, and the whole system runs in coordination. In the case of receiving the starting instruction and the cold start of the fuel cell stack 100, the heat storage device 300 releases heat to heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200, and realizes zero-carbon low-temperature cold start.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present application, the control device is further configured to control the alarm and stop in the case that the temperature of the heat storage liquid passage 310 is greater than the set maximum heat storage temperature T MAX . Specifically, the temperature of the heat storage liquid passage 310 can be detected by the sixth temperature sensor T6, and when the temperature detected by the sixth temperature sensor T6 is greater than the set maximum heat storage temperature T MAX , it can be determined that the system has a fault, at which time the control device controls the alarm and stops, and the fault can be handled in time.

[0088] As can be seen from the above, in the case of receiving the starting instruction and the normal start of the fuel cell stack 100, the system switches from the first heat management control mode to the second heat management control mode and the third heat management control mode, ensures that the temperature of the heat exchange flow passage 110 of the fuel cell stack 100 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable working temperature T FC of the fuel cell stack 100, the temperature on the fuel heating flow passage 210 is stabilized at the set optimal exhaust temperature T S , the heat storage water tank 420 provides the user with suitable living heating water with the set hot water temperature T L , the heat storage temperature of the heat storage device 300 is less than the set maximum heat storage temperature T MAX of the heat storage device 300, and all the waste heat is stored in the heat accumulator, and the whole system runs in coordination. In the case of receiving the starting instruction and the cold start of the fuel cell stack 100, the heat storage device 300 releases heat to heat the solid fuel in the solid fuel storage device 200, and realizes zero-carbon low-temperature cold start.

[0089] Therefore, the application innovatively introduces two four-way valves to distribute the waste heat generated by the fuel cell 100 to the solid fuel storage device 200, the heat storage water tank 420 and the heat storage device 300 according to actual needs, fuel gas supply is carried out in a low-pressure safe solid storage mode, the radiator and the electric heater are cancelled, the waste heat is collected by the phase change material heat storage device 300, the flow, flow rate and temperature are dynamically coupled and adjusted by monitoring the inlet and outlet temperatures of the flow channels of the modules, the heat is distributed on demand, the radiator is not used for heat dissipation, all controllable heat is collected, zero-carbon low-temperature cold start is realized, the fuel cell 100 reaction waste heat is efficiently utilized, energy is saved, and it is a normal pressure, safe and operable heat and power cogeneration system.

[0090] In addition, the application also provides a working machine, wherein the working machine comprises the fuel cell heat and power cogeneration control system according to the above. Since the working machine adopts all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments are possessed, which will not be repeated here. Specifically, the working machine includes but is not limited to a crane. Of course, the system includes but is not limited to the field of working machines, and can also be applied to the fields of transportation, industrial parks, residential and commercial buildings and the like.

[0091] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included at least one of the features. In the description of the application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0092] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrated; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected or in communication with each other; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0093] In the description of the specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, the person skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0094] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present application, and the person skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above-described embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell cogeneration control system, characterized in that, The fuel cell combined heat and power control system includes: The fuel cell stack heat exchange device has a fuel cell stack heat exchange channel (110) through which the fuel cell stack (100) flows; The fuel heating device has a fuel heating channel (210) flowing through the solid fuel storage device (200) and forming a fuel heating circuit with the heat exchange channel (110) of the fuel stack; The heat storage device (300) has a heat storage liquid flow channel (310), which can be connected to one of the electric stack heat exchange channel (110) and the fuel heating channel (210) to form a corresponding working circuit. The control device is configured as follows: When the fuel stack (100) is started normally and the heat storage conditions are met, the control selects the heat exchange channel (110) of the fuel stack and the heat storage liquid channel (310) to be connected and form a heat storage working circuit. In the case of cold start of fuel stack (100), the control selects the fuel heating channel (210) and the heat storage liquid channel (310) to be connected and form a heating working circuit.

2. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell cogeneration control system also includes a hot water supply device (400), which has a first heat exchange channel (411) that can provide a heat source. The first heat exchange channel (411) and the fuel cell stack heat exchange channel (110) form a water supply heating circuit. The heat storage condition is set such that the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) reaches the set hot water temperature.

3. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fuel heating channel (210), the heat storage liquid flow channel (310), and the first heat exchange channel (411) are arranged in parallel and each has a first junction end and a second junction end. All the first junction ends are connected to the outlet end of the fuel cell stack heat exchange channel (110) through a first four-way valve (500), and all the second junction ends are connected to the inlet end of the fuel cell stack heat exchange channel (110) through a second four-way valve (600).

4. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control device is further configured to: When the fuel stack (100) starts normally and the temperature on the fuel heating channel (210) is lower than the set optimal venting temperature, the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are switched to connect the fuel stack heat exchange channel (110) and the fuel heating channel (210) and enter the first thermal management control mode.

5. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control device is further configured to: When the fuel stack (100) starts normally and the temperature on the fuel heating channel (210) reaches the set optimal venting temperature, the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are switched to the fuel stack heat exchange channel (110) to connect with the fuel heating channel (210) and the first heat exchange channel (411) respectively and enter the second thermal management control mode.

6. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control device is further configured to: When the fuel stack (100) starts normally and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) reaches the set hot water temperature, the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are switched to the fuel stack heat exchange channel (110) to be connected to the fuel heating channel (210), the first heat exchange channel (411) and the heat storage liquid channel (310) respectively, and enter the third thermal management control mode.

7. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control device is further configured to: In the case of cold start of fuel stack (100), control the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) to switch to the fuel heating flow channel (210) and the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) to form a heating working circuit, so as to enter the fourth thermal management control mode.

8. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outlet end of the heat exchange channel (110) of the fuel cell stack is equipped with a first circulation pump (111), and the first thermal management control mode includes: The rotational speed of the first circulating pump (111) and the opening of the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600) are controlled so that the outlet temperature and inlet temperature of the heat exchange channel (110) of the electric stack rise according to the corresponding first set slope.

9. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outlet end of the heat exchange channel (110) of the electric stack is provided with a first circulation pump (111). The hot water supply device (400) includes a heat exchanger (410) and a hot water storage tank (420). The heat exchanger (410) has a first heat exchange channel (411) and a second heat exchange channel (412). The two ends of the second heat exchange channel (412) are respectively connected to the hot water storage tank (420). A second circulation pump (414) is provided on the second heat exchange channel (412). The second thermal management control mode includes: The rotational speeds of the first circulating pump (111) and the second circulating pump (414), as well as the openings of the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600), are controlled so that the temperature on the fuel heating channel (210) remains constant at the set optimal venting temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack heat exchange channel (110) continues to rise according to the second set slope.

10. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outlet end of the heat exchange channel (110) of the electric stack is provided with a first circulation pump (111). The hot water supply device (400) includes a heat exchanger (410) and a hot water storage tank (420). The heat exchanger (410) has a first heat exchange channel (411) and a second heat exchange channel (412). The two ends of the second heat exchange channel (412) are respectively connected to the hot water storage tank (420). A second circulation pump (414) is provided on the second heat exchange channel (412). The third thermal management control mode includes: The rotational speeds of the first circulation pump (111) and the second circulation pump (414), as well as the openings of the first four-way valve (500) and the second four-way valve (600), are controlled to ensure that the temperature on the fuel heating channel (210) is constant at the set optimal venting temperature and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) is constant at the set hot water temperature.

11. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The hot water supply device (400) further includes a water replenishment control valve (421) and a water supply control valve (422) disposed on the hot water storage tank (420). The water replenishment control valve (421) is used to replenish the hot water storage tank (420) with cold water, and the water supply control valve (422) is used to release the hot water in the hot water storage tank (420). The third thermal management control mode further includes: The speed of the first circulation pump (111) and the second circulation pump (414), as well as the opening of the first four-way valve (500), the second four-way valve (600) and the water supply control valve (421) are controlled according to the opening degree of the water supply control valve (422) so that the temperature on the fuel heating channel (210) is kept constant at the set optimal venting temperature and the water supply temperature of the hot water supply device (400) is kept constant at the set hot water temperature.

12. The fuel cell cogeneration control system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The control device is also configured to: If the temperature of the heat storage liquid flow channel (310) exceeds the set maximum heat storage temperature, the control alarm will be triggered and the machine will be shut down.

13. A type of operating machinery, characterized in that, The operating machinery includes a fuel cell combined heat and power control system according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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