Lens, customer front-end device, method for compressing lens, electronic device and medium

Abstract

The invention provides a lens, client front equipment, a method for compressing the lens, electronic equipment and a medium, the material of the lens comprises a medium material, in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the lens is non-circular, and the dielectric constant ratio of each mass point in the lens in different directions is in positive correlation with the length ratio of the lens in different directions. According to the lens provided by the invention, the flexibility and miniaturization in appearance can be considered while high gain is realized, and the applicability of the lens to different products is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a lens, a client front-end device, a calculation method for compressing a lens, an electronic device and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Customer Premise Equipment, also known as CPE (Customer Premise Equipment) products, is one of the key devices for base stations to communicate with users, and high-gain antennas are one of the core selling points of customer premise equipment. However, as a type of terminal equipment, customer premise equipment is small in size and has a compact internal antenna design space. The high-gain technology applicable to this product is very limited, and it is often difficult to achieve ultra-high gain effects. Limited by the requirements of antenna layout size, existing customer premise equipment has a bottleneck in the antenna gain limit. If products want to pursue ultra-high gain indicators, new innovative solutions are urgently needed.

[0003] There are two main types of high-gain technologies for customer front-end devices. One is the metasurface antenna technology, which places a metasurface with an etched metal shape on one side of the antenna to increase the peak gain of the antenna. However, the peak gain of this technology is not high enough, and the antenna needs to be made into an array, which has high requirements for the arrangement of the antenna array. The second is the lens gain technology, which places a lens in the terminal device. The lens can change the phase of the antenna beam, improve the focusing degree of the electromagnetic wave, and concentrate the beam energy in the required direction, such as the direction of receiving the base station signal. The lens has a significant effect on improving the antenna gain. However, the gain effect of the lens on the antenna is closely related to its own shape, dielectric constant distribution, etc. The shape of the customer front-end device is diverse, and the design of the product must not only consider the gain effect of the lens, but also take into account factors such as the size and shape of the product. This means that the lens must not only be able to ensure the gain of the antenna, but also flexibly fit the shape and size of the product. Existing lenses are difficult to do this.

[0004] The traditional lens is a spherical lens, which can achieve a good gain effect, but its shape is single and usually large in size. The spherical lens can be compressed to reduce the volume of the lens as much as possible while ensuring the gain and fit the shape of the product. An existing technology is to compress the spherical lens into a circular lens or a plane lens. The circular plane lens can fit the shape of some products, and its size is reduced compared to the spherical lens, but the peak gain of the circular plane lens is reduced compared to the spherical lens. In addition, the circular plane lens obtained by compression can only be a lens with an isotropic dielectric constant (that is, the dielectric constant of the lens is consistent in all directions), and it is impossible to obtain a lens with anisotropic dielectric constant (the dielectric constant of the lens is inconsistent in different directions). The lens with anisotropic dielectric constant can modulate electromagnetic waves incident from all directions, and its gain effect is higher than that of the lens with isotropic dielectric constant. Therefore, the circular plane lens is lacking in the effect of improving the antenna gain. In addition, the circular lens plane only compresses the spherical lens in the height direction (thickness direction) of the lens, making the thickness of the lens thinner, but its cross section perpendicular to the height can only be circular, with a single shape, and it is also unable to flexibly fit the shape of the product. Another technology is the multifunctional lens. The dielectric constant of the multifunctional lens is anisotropic, but its anisotropy is to make electromagnetic waves incident from different directions produce different transmission effects, and it cannot achieve the high gain effect of concentrating electromagnetic waves from all directions. In addition, the shape of the multifunctional lens is spherical, and it has not achieved miniaturization and diversification in shape.

[0005] It can be seen that the lens in the prior art cannot achieve high gain while taking into account flexibility and miniaturization in appearance, and the applicable products are limited. Summary of the invention

[0006] The lens, client front-end device, calculation method of compression lens, electronic device and storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application solve the problem that the lens in the prior art cannot achieve high gain while taking into account flexibility and miniaturization in appearance.

[0007] An embodiment of the present application provides a lens for a customer front-end device, wherein the material of the lens includes a dielectric material. In a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the lens is non-circular, and the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the lengths of the lens in different directions.

[0008] The lens provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts dielectric material and is non-circular in the plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, that is, the cross section of the lens perpendicular to the height direction (hereinafter, the cross section of the lens perpendicular to the height direction is referred to as the cross section of the lens) is a shape other than a circle, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, a triangle, a trapezoid, an irregular shape, etc. In addition, in the plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the length of the lens in different directions. Or it can be understood that the dielectric constant of the lens is anisotropic, and in the plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the ratio of the length of the lens in different directions determines the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens in different directions, that is, the anisotropic dielectric constant of each particle in the lens is related to the cross-sectional shape of the lens.

[0009] With this structure, the lens can flexibly adapt to the shape of the customer's front-end device. For example, the lens can be designed to have a cross-section that matches the product according to the shape of the customer's front-end device. The anisotropic dielectric constant of each particle in the lens will also change with the proportion of the customer's front-end device in each direction (such as the aspect ratio). The lens has a good focusing effect on electromagnetic waves incident from all directions, ensuring the high gain performance of the lens. At the same time, since the cross-sectional shape of the lens matches the shape of the product and does not need to be designed into a specific shape such as a circle, the flexibility of the lens shape design is improved, and the utilization rate of the lens can be improved within a limited space, reducing space waste, so that the lens can be miniaturized to a certain extent. For example, the spherical lens can be compressed into a shape-matching lens according to the shape of the customer's front-end device, which not only ensures the gain effect of the lens, but also improves the adaptability of the lens to the product shape and reduces the size of the lens.

[0010] It can be seen that the lens provided in the present application can achieve high gain while taking into account flexibility and miniaturization in appearance, thereby improving the applicability of the lens to different products.

[0011] In some embodiments, in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the lens is elliptical or rectangular, and the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens in the length direction of the lens and the width direction of the lens is positively correlated with the aspect ratio of the ellipse or rectangle. Lenses with elliptical or rectangular cross-sections are regular and common, and can be applied to most products.

[0012] In some embodiments, the aspect ratio of the ellipse or rectangle is a, and the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens in the length direction of the lens and the width direction of the lens is k, k = a ± 0.5. That is, k is proportional to a, and the difference between k and a is within the range of ± 0.5.

[0013] In some embodiments, the dielectric constants of the dielectric material in different directions are different. Alternatively, the dielectric constants of the dielectric material in different directions are the same, and at least one of a hole, a cavity, and a gap is provided in the lens, so that: in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the lengths of the lens in different directions.

[0014] By adopting the above scheme, when the dielectric constant of the dielectric material is different in different directions, a lens with anisotropic dielectric constant can be directly obtained. Setting holes, cavities or gaps in the lens is a way to simulate anisotropy in a material with isotropic dielectric constant.

[0015] In some embodiments, the lens includes multiple dielectric layers stacked from the inside to the outside, and the dielectric constants of the multiple dielectric layers decrease from the inside to the outside. This structure can make the lens exhibit the characteristics of a Luneburg lens. By stratifying the lens to simulate the dielectric constant variation law of the Luneburg lens, the gain effect of the antenna can be further improved.

[0016] In some embodiments, the thickness of each of the plurality of dielectric layers is less than one fifth of the wavelength of an antenna of the client front-end device, and the antenna is used to communicate with the base station. When the thickness of the dielectric layer is less than one fifth of the wavelength of the antenna, the performance of the lens is closer to that of a Luneburg lens with a continuously changing dielectric constant, and the gain effect is more ideal.

[0017] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of dielectric layers includes a plurality of stacked dielectric units, and the dielectric constant ratio of each of the plurality of dielectric units in different directions is positively correlated with the length ratio of the lens in different directions. The dielectric constant of each dielectric unit in different directions is different, so that the lens as a whole exhibits anisotropy of dielectric constant.

[0018] In some embodiments, when the dielectric constants of the dielectric material in different directions are the same, each dielectric unit includes a dielectric block, and gaps extending in different directions are provided in the dielectric block, and the lengths of the gaps in different directions are different, so that: the ratio of the dielectric constants of each dielectric unit in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the lengths of the lens in different directions.

[0019] With the above solution, slits are etched on the dielectric block to form dielectric units. Since the lengths of the etched slits in different directions are different, the lengths of dielectric materials actually contained in the dielectric units in different directions are different, so the dielectric constant ratios of the dielectric units in different directions are different. The dielectric constant ratios of the dielectric units in different directions are related to the lengths of the slits in different directions.

[0020] In some embodiments, when the lens is elliptical or rectangular in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the dielectric block of each dielectric unit is set to a cubic structure, and a gap extending along the length direction and the width direction of the lens is provided in the dielectric block, and the length of the gap extending along the width direction of the lens is greater than the length of the gap extending along the length direction of the lens. It can be understood that the more the dielectric block is removed in the width direction of the lens, the shorter the remaining part in the width direction of the lens, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit in the width direction of the lens is smaller than the dielectric constant in the length direction of the lens.

[0021] In some embodiments, when the dielectric constants of the dielectric material in different directions are the same, each dielectric unit includes a main body and a plurality of columns connected to the main body, and the plurality of columns extend from the surface of the main body in different directions and protrude from the main body, so that: the dielectric constant ratio of the dielectric unit in different directions is positively correlated with the length ratio of the lens in different directions. The columns arranged facing each other in adjacent dielectric units are connected, so that a cavity is formed around the main bodies of adjacent dielectric units.

[0022] With the above solution, each column of the dielectric unit extends from the surface of the main body and protrudes from the main body. In each direction, the dielectric unit is composed of the main body and the columns extending along the direction, and the lengths of the main body and the columns in different directions are also different, so that the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit in different directions is different.

[0023] In some embodiments, when the lens is elliptical or rectangular in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the main body of each dielectric unit is set as a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The plurality of cylinders are six cylinders, and the six cylinders are respectively arranged on the six faces of the main body, and include two first cylinders arranged at intervals in the length direction of the lens, two second cylinders arranged at intervals in the width direction of the lens, and two third cylinders arranged at intervals in the height direction of the lens, and the ends of the six cylinders away from the main body are respectively located on the six faces of a virtual cube with a side length of L. The cross section of each cylinder in a direction perpendicular to its extension direction is a square with a side length of w.

[0024] In the length direction of the lens, the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit satisfies the following formula:

[0025]

[0026] In the width direction of the lens, the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit satisfies the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] Among them, ε 0 is the dielectric constant of air, ε his the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of each dielectric unit, ε y is the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit in the length direction of the lens, ε x is the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit in the width direction of the lens; l y is the length of the main body of each dielectric unit in the length direction of the lens, l x is the length of the main body of each dielectric unit in the width direction of the lens, l z is the length of the main body of each dielectric unit in the height direction of the lens.

[0029] The above formula introduces equivalent capacitance analysis. When the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit satisfies the above formula, the anisotropic dielectric constant of the lens can be simulated more accurately.

[0030] In some embodiments, the lens is a plate-like structure, and the thickness direction of the plate-like structure is the height direction of the lens.

[0031] The embodiment of the present application also provides a customer front-end device, including an antenna and a lens provided in any of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna is arranged on one side of the lens in the height direction of the lens and is used to communicate with a base station. The customer front-end device not only has a high gain, but also has a small size and a flexible shape.

[0032] In some embodiments, the antenna is located at the focal point of the lens, and the gain of the antenna is maximized.

[0033] In some embodiments, the customer front-end device further includes a housing, the antenna is located inside the housing, and the lens is mounted outside the housing, or the lens is formed on the housing. That is, the lens and the housing can be integrally formed, or can be a split design, and the lens is mounted on the housing.

[0034] The present application also provides a method for calculating a compression lens, which includes:

[0035] Obtain the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in each direction;

[0036] Introduce the compression coefficient into the coordinate system for coordinate transformation;

[0037] The dielectric constant distribution function of the ball lens is introduced to calculate the dielectric constant distribution function of the compressed lens;

[0038] determining the focal point of the compressed lens;

[0039] Optimizing the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function;

[0040] The compressed lens is the lens provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0041] The calculation method of the compressed lens provided in the embodiment of the present application is that the lens is compressed by a spherical lens. During compression, an optical condition (i.e., the dielectric constant distribution function of the spherical lens) is introduced, and a three-dimensional optical transformation is introduced based on the condition to calculate the dielectric constant distribution of the compressed lens, thereby ensuring that the compressed lens can still meet the original optical properties of the spherical lens, thereby ensuring a good gain effect. Moreover, the compressed lens has a smaller size, a more flexible shape, and a wider range of applications. In addition, after calculating the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens, it is further optimized according to the position of the focal point of the lens to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function, which further improves the gain effect of the lens on the antenna.

[0042] In some embodiments, obtaining the compression coefficient of the ball lens in each direction includes:

[0043] Determine the shape of the compressed lens according to the shape of the customer's front-end device;

[0044] The ratio of the compressed lens to the ball lens in each direction is determined according to the shape of the compressed lens, wherein the ratio in each direction is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in each direction.

[0045] With the above solution, the shape into which the ball lens is compressed is determined according to the appearance of the customer's front-end device. Therefore, the shape of the compressed lens is flexible and can be applied to products of various shapes.

[0046] In some embodiments, the coordinates of any point of the spherical lens in the coordinate system are (x, y, z), and the coordinates of any point in the lens after compression are (x', y', z'). The formula for introducing the compression coefficient into the coordinate system for coordinate transformation is:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, n y is the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in the length direction of the lens, n x is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the width direction of the lens, n z is the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in the height direction of the lens.

[0049] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant distribution function of the ball lens is:

[0050]

[0051] Where R is the radius of the spherical lens, r is the distance between any particle in the spherical lens and the center of the spherical lens;

[0052] The dielectric constant distribution function of the compressed lens is:

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Among them, ε yy is the dielectric constant of the lens in the length direction after compression, ε xx is the dielectric constant of the compressed lens in the width direction of the lens.

[0056] By adopting the above scheme, the dielectric constant distribution function of the ball lens shows the dielectric constant distribution characteristic of the Luneburg lens, and the compressed lens also satisfies this characteristic.

[0057] In some embodiments, determining the focus of the compressed lens includes:

[0058] The position of the focus is determined by optical path simulation. Alternatively, the focal length expression of the compressed lens is obtained according to the refractive index distribution formula of the lens and the optical path phase difference, and the position of the focus is calculated according to the focal length expression.

[0059] In some embodiments, the focal length of the lens is expressed as:

[0060]

[0061] Where F is the focal length of the lens after compression, λ 0 is the wavelength of the antenna, x 0 is the coordinate of the center point of the lens in the width direction of the lens, y 0 is the coordinate of the center point of the lens in the length direction of the lens, M is the distance from the phase center of the antenna to the center point of the lens, n z is the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in the height direction of the lens, R is the radius of the spherical lens, H is the thickness of the lens, t is the number of dielectric layers in the lens, and p 0 is the incident point of the light from the phase center of the antenna to the edge of the lens, p 1 It is the point of departure of the light from the phase center of the antenna to the edge of the lens.

[0062] In some embodiments, optimizing the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens to obtain the optimized dielectric constant distribution function includes:

[0063] Introducing the dielectric factor and the focus of the compressed lens into the dielectric constant distribution function of the compressed lens to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function;

[0064] Statistical formula for fitting dielectric factor;

[0065] Among them, the statistical formula of dielectric factor is:

[0066]

[0067] Where F / R is the dielectric factor, F is the focal length of the lens after compression, R is the radius of the spherical lens, λ is the wavelength of the antenna in free space, and n z is the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in the height direction of the lens;

[0068] The optimized dielectric constant distribution function is:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Among them, ε yy is the dielectric constant of the lens in the length direction after compression, ε xx is the dielectric constant of the compressed lens in the width direction of the lens, n x is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the width direction of the lens, n y is the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in the width direction of the lens.

[0072] By adopting the above scheme, the optimized dielectric constant distribution function is related to the dielectric factor of the lens. Once the compression coefficient in each direction is determined by the shape of the lens after compression, the dielectric factor can also be determined, so that the optimal distribution of the dielectric function of the lens can be directly calculated.

[0073] In some embodiments, when the lens includes a plurality of dielectric layers stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside, the calculation method of the compressed lens further includes:

[0074] According to the distribution of multiple dielectric layers of the lens, the optimized dielectric constant distribution function is discretized in layers to determine the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer in different directions of the multiple dielectric layers of the lens.

[0075] By discretizing the continuous dielectric constant distribution function into layers, the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer of the lens can be calculated, and the continuous dielectric distribution function can be simulated to facilitate the production and processing of the lens.

[0076] In some embodiments, discretizing the optimized dielectric constant distribution function into layers includes:

[0077] The optical constraint and reflection constraint are introduced to discretize the optimized dielectric constant distribution function to obtain the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer in different directions. The optical constraint represents the variance between the continuous dielectric constant distribution function and the discrete dielectric constant distribution function. The variance represents the gain of the antenna. The higher the gain of the antenna, the closer the dielectric constant distribution after layered discretization is to the optical constraint. The reflection constraint represents the reflection coefficient of the lens, and the reflection coefficient takes the minimum value.

[0078] The dielectric constants of each dielectric layer are designed using optical conditions and reflection models as constraints. The results are more accurate and have a better gain effect on the antenna.

[0079] In some embodiments, the optical constraints are:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, ε Ideal is the continuous dielectric constant distribution function, ε Discrete is the discrete dielectric constant distribution function, δ is the inverse of the cross-sectional compression coefficient of the lens, P is the difference between the discrete dielectric constant distribution function and the continuous dielectric constant distribution function, and t is the number of dielectric layers in the lens;

[0082] The reflection constraints are:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, t is the reflection coefficient of the lens, Z t is the impedance of the t-th dielectric layer from the inside to the outside of the lens, Z t-1 is the impedance of the t-1th dielectric layer from the inside to the outside of the lens.

[0085] The embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor executes the program instructions to implement the steps of the method for calculating the compression lens provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0086] The embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium storing program instructions executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method for calculating the compression lens provided in any of the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0087] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a customer front-end device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0088] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the client front-end device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0089] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the position of an approximate point source of an antenna in a customer front-end device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0090] Figure 4a-4b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the client front-end device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0091] Figure 4c A top view of the antenna layout surface in the client front-end device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0092] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0093] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lens of the embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is a rectangle;

[0094] Figure 7a for Figure 6 Sectional view along the U1-U1 direction;

[0095] Figure 7b for Figure 6 Sectional view along the U2-U2 direction;

[0096] Figure 7c for Figure 6 Sectional view along the U3-U3 direction;

[0097] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the lens of the embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is elliptical;

[0098] Figure 9a for Figure 8 Cross-sectional view along T1-T1 direction;

[0099] Figure 9b for Figure 8 Cross-sectional view along T2-T2 direction;

[0100] Fig.9c for Figure 8 Sectional view along T3-T3 direction;

[0101] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the lens of the embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is a triangle;

[0102] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a lens according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is an irregular quadrilateral;

[0103] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dielectric unit in the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0104] Fig.13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0105] Fig.14 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0106] Figure 15a-Figure 15b This is a schematic diagram of equivalent capacitance of a second implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0107] Fig.16 A circuit diagram of an equivalent capacitor of a second implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0108] Figure 17-Figure 18 This is a simulation test diagram of the second implementation mode of the basic unit in the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0109] Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the structure of a ball lens;

[0110] Fig. 20 This is the reflection coefficient measurement diagram of the spherical lens to the antenna;

[0111] Fig.21 This is a test diagram of the gain simulation of the spherical lens on the antenna;

[0112] Fig. 22 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 1 ;

[0113] Fig.23 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 2 ;

[0114] Fig.24 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ball lens and the air layer;

[0115] Figure 25-26 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lens after compression in the embodiment of the present application;

[0116] Fig. 27 This is a simulation test diagram of the gain effect of the antenna after the lens is compressed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0117] Fig.28a is a schematic diagram of the focus of a spherical lens;

[0118] Fig.28b This is a schematic diagram of the focal point of the lens after compression according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0119] Fig.29 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 3 ;

[0120] Fig.30 This is a simulation diagram of the focal position of the lens after compression in the calculation method of the compression lens in the embodiment of the present application;

[0121] Fig.31 Flow chart 4 of the method for calculating the compression lens of an embodiment of the present application;

[0122] Figure 32-Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path after the lens is compressed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0123] Fig.34 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 5 ;

[0124] Fig.35 A curve diagram showing the relationship between the dielectric factor and antenna gain of the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0125] Fig.36 This is a simulation test diagram of the dielectric factor of the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0126] Fig.37 This is a simulation test diagram of the gain effect of the antenna after the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens is optimized in the embodiment of the present application;

[0127] Fig.38 This is a schematic diagram of the coordinate distribution of each dielectric layer in the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0128] Fig.39a The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 6 ;

[0129] Fig.39b Flow chart 7 of the method for calculating the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0130] Fig.40 A schematic diagram of optical conditions in a calculation method for a compression lens according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0131] Figure 41-42 A schematic diagram of an impedance model of a lens in a calculation method for a compression lens according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0132] Fig.43 This is a simulation test diagram comparing the method of discrete dielectric constant distribution function in the calculation method of compression lens in the embodiment of the present application with the original discrete method and the traditional discrete method;

[0133] Fig.44 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0134] Fig.45 A simulation test diagram comparing another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application with the original discrete method;

[0135] Fig.46 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0136] Fig.47 This is a simulation test diagram comparing another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application with the original discrete method;

[0137] Figure 48a-Figure 48bThis is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application;

[0138] Fig.49 This is a simulation effect test diagram of another implementation manner of the lens of the embodiment of the present application.

[0139] Description of reference numerals:

[0140] 100. Lens;

[0141] 2. dielectric layer; 21. dielectric unit;

[0142] 211, dielectric block; 211a, first gap; 211b, second gap;

[0143] 212, main body; 213, column;

[0144] 213a, first column; 213b, second column; 213c, third column;

[0145] 214, cavity;

[0146] 200. Customer front-end equipment;

[0147] 3. Antenna; 4. Shell;

[0148] 300, ball lens;

[0149] Q1, focus; Q2, focus;

[0150] O, point source; K1, antenna layout plane; K2, equal phase plane;

[0151] Z, the height direction of the lens; Y, the length direction of the lens; X, the width direction of the lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0152] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present application, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the present application will be introduced in conjunction with some embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to the implementation. On the contrary, the purpose of introducing the application in conjunction with the implementation is to cover other options or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present application. In order to provide a deep understanding of the present application, the following description will include many specific details. The present application can also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusion or blurring the focus of the present application, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0153] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0154] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

[0155] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0156] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0157] Relative arrangement: can be understood as an arrangement that is opposite to or face to face, or an arrangement that has at least a partial area of ​​overlap along a certain direction.

[0158] Coupling: refers to the phenomenon that there is close coordination and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transmitted from one side to the other through interaction.

[0159] Antenna gain: It is used to characterize the degree to which the antenna radiates the input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe of the antenna pattern and the smaller the side lobe, the higher the antenna gain.

[0160] Dielectric constant: The main parameter that reflects the dielectric properties or polarization properties of a dielectric under the action of an electrostatic field.

[0161] Relative dielectric constant: A physical parameter that characterizes the dielectric properties or polarization properties of dielectric materials. Its value is equal to the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor of the same size made with the dielectric material as the medium to that made with vacuum as the medium. This value is also a characterization of the material's ability to store electricity. It is also called relative permittivity.

[0162] Equivalent dielectric constant: the ratio of the electric field strength in a vacuum to the electric field strength in a medium.

[0163] Transmittance: The ratio of the electromagnetic wave to the medium before and after it penetrates glass. The higher the transmittance, the more electromagnetic waves pass through the medium, and the lower the transmittance, the fewer electromagnetic waves pass through the medium.

[0164] Reflection coefficient: The antenna reflection coefficient refers to the ratio of the signal received by the antenna in the reverse direction to the forward signal, which is the ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave.

[0165] Permeability: The ratio of the magnetic permeability of a medium to the magnetic permeability of a vacuum.

[0166] Electrical length (electrical size): Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium to the time required for the signal to pass the same distance as the physical length of the medium in free space. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0167]

[0168] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0169] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0170]

[0171] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0172] In the embodiments of the present application, the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode of the antenna (such as a half-wavelength mode, etc.) may refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna. For example, the half-wavelength mode of a suspended metal antenna may produce resonance in a frequency band including 1.575 GHz, wherein the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode may refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna in the 1.575 GHz frequency band. It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiated signal in the air may be calculated as follows: air wavelength / vacuum wavelength=speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal (e.g., 1575 MHz), and the speed of light may be taken as 3×108 m / s. The wavelength of the radiated signal in the medium may be calculated as follows: / frequency, where ε is the relative dielectric constant of the medium and frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal.

[0173] The limitations such as colinearity, coaxiality, coplanarity, symmetry (e.g., axisymmetry, or center symmetry, etc.), parallelism, perpendicularity, sameness (e.g., same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all for the current technological level, rather than an absolutely strict definition in a mathematical sense. There may be a deviation of a predetermined angle (e.g., ±5°, ±10°) between two mutually parallel or perpendicular components.

[0174] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0175] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a customer front-end device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0176] With the full commercialization of 5G, the next generation of mobile communication technology, communication scenarios are becoming increasingly diverse, and users have higher requirements for communication quality. In a point-to-point communication scenario, the relative position of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is fixed. At this time, the higher the antenna gain, the longer the communication distance, and the stronger the anti-interference ability. Long-distance communication between indoor relay equipment and outdoor base stations is a typical point-to-point communication scenario.

[0177] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, taking the living scene as an example, there are micro-cell base stations, power dividers, couplers, dry amplifiers, antennas and other equipment distributed inside the residential building. Among them, the micro-cell base station (Femtocell) is a mobile communication system that uses micro-cell technology to achieve micro-cell coverage. It can achieve the purpose of providing high-density traffic in a small range, that is, in the micro-cell. The purpose of the micro-cell base station system is to solve some blind spots and shadow areas where signals are difficult to cover, such as tunnels, underground garages, underground passages, underground shopping malls, low floors and top floors of high-rise buildings, and secondly, it can also solve the signal coverage of traffic hotspots in commercial centers, traffic arteries, entertainment centers, and conference centers. The power divider (Power divider) is a device that divides the energy of one input signal into two or more equal or unequal energy outputs, and can also conversely combine the energy of multiple signals into one output, which can also be called a combiner. The coupler is an electrical-optical-electrical conversion device that uses light as a medium to transmit electrical signals. Its main function is to divide the power of one microwave into several paths in proportion in a microwave system to achieve power distribution. The trunk amplifier is mainly used in passive indoor distribution systems to compensate for the power loss caused by signal transmission and distribution, which can effectively avoid the problem of poor call quality caused by multi-stage amplification and noise level accumulation in indoor coverage systems. The antenna is an indoor antenna, which refers to an antenna designed to receive or transmit radio wave signals in an indoor environment. Due to its small size and easy installation, they are usually placed in residential, commercial buildings and public places, such as routers, TV antennas, etc.

[0178] Among them, the micro-cell base station is a customer premises equipment. Customer premises equipment, referred to as CPE (Customer Premises Equipment), is any connection device used to access the network or generally access services on the provider's network. The connection to the operator's network can be direct or indirect. The customer premises equipment will be located on the customer side of the network and can become the demarcation point between the provider's network (WAN) and the customer's home network or (LAN). A local area network can contain multiple customer premises equipment, such as cable modems, home routers, and various customer terminals.

[0179] The customer's front-end device receives the mobile signal and sends it to the next-level access device as a wireless WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) signal, which can convert high-speed 4G / 5G signals into WIFI signals. Figure 1 The micro-cellular base station in the system serves as a customer front-end device, receiving signals from outdoor base stations and transmitting them to the power divider, which divides the signals into multiple paths and finally distributes them to indoor antennas. The indoor antennas can send signals in the form of WIFI signals for reception by the user end (such as smartphones, smart watches, laptops, etc.).

[0180] As a bridge between indoor terminals and outdoor base stations, the antenna gain of the customer premise equipment is crucial. The high-gain customer premise equipment can interact efficiently with the base station equipment and provide a stable signal source for the indoor terminal equipment. The embodiment of the present application provides a customer premise equipment that not only has a high gain, but also has a small size and flexible shape. The structure of the customer premise equipment is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the user premise equipment provided in the embodiment of the present application can be a base station, a modem, a router, a switch, a fiber optic network terminal device, a wireless access point, a network camera, etc., and the present application does not limit this.

[0181] See also Figure 2-4c , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the client front-end device of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the position of an approximate point source of an antenna in a customer front-end device according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4a-4b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the client front-end device in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4c This is a top view of the antenna layout surface in the customer front-end device of the embodiment of the present application.

[0182] like Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, the customer premise equipment 200 includes an antenna 3 and a lens 100. The antenna 3 is arranged on one side of the lens 100 in the height direction Z of the lens and is used to communicate with a base station (eg Figure 1 The type of antenna is not limited, and may be a loop antenna, a slot antenna, a corrugated tube antenna, a patch antenna, a microstrip antenna (Microstrip Disk Antenna, MDA), an array antenna, a 4G (Fourth Generation, fourth generation mobile communication technology) antenna, a 5G (5th Generation, fifth generation communication technology) antenna, etc. In one embodiment, the antenna is a receiving antenna that can receive signals from an outdoor base station.

[0183] The lens 100 is disposed on one side of the antenna 3. Figure 2 In the direction of the arrow in the figure, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the base station are close to parallel beams when they are transmitted to the customer front-end device 200 (the phases of all beams are consistent, for example, Fig.28b The equiphase plane K2 is shown in FIG. After passing through the equiphase plane K2, the phases of all beams are the same. After passing through the lens 100, the parallel beams become convergent beams and are concentratedly transmitted to the antenna 3. Or it can be understood that the lens 100 has a convergence effect on the electromagnetic wave beams. After the parallel beams emitted by the base station pass through the lens 100, although the energy of the beams does not change, the degree of concentration is improved, and the beams are concentrated to the antenna 3, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna 3. Therefore, the customer premise equipment 200 has a higher gain.

[0184] like Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the antenna 3 is located at the focus Q2 of the lens 100. It can be understood that the antenna 3 is approximately regarded as a point source O, and the point source O is located at the focus Q2 of the lens 100. Among them, the point source O can be understood as the phase center of the antenna 3. Figure 3 As shown, the antenna 3 has a certain area, and the electromagnetic waves it sends / receives are not distributed on the entire transmission surface of the antenna 3. All the beams of the antenna 3 can be equivalently regarded as converging at one point, which is the phase center of the antenna 3. When the antenna 3 is located at the focus Q2 of the lens 100, the gain of the antenna 3 reaches the highest. In other alternative embodiments, the antenna 3 can also deviate from the focus Q2 of the lens 100, as long as the gain of the antenna 3 is within a preset range, and the present application does not limit this.

[0185] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the installation position of the lens 100 and the specific form of the lens 100 in the customer premise device 200 are not limited. Figure 4a-4b As shown, in one embodiment, the customer premise device 200 further includes a housing 4, the antenna 3 is located in the housing 4, and the lens 100 is located on the housing 4. In one embodiment, the lens 100 is mounted on the outside of the housing 4. In an alternative embodiment, the lens 100 is formed on the housing 4, that is, a part of the housing 4 is directly processed into the lens 100.

[0186] like Figure 4a-4c As shown, the housing 4 of the lens 100 has an antenna layout surface K1, which is used to arrange the antenna 3. The lens 100 is also located on the layout surface of the antenna 3. The electromagnetic wave of the base station passes through the lens 100 and enters the interior of the housing 4 from the antenna layout surface K1. Different customer premise equipment 200 have different shapes, and the shape of the antenna layout surface K1 is also varied. Therefore, the lens 100 must not only ensure the gain effect on the antenna 3, but also fit the shape of the customer premise equipment 200 as much as possible (that is, adapt to the shape and size of the antenna layout surface K1), so as to reasonably use the layout space of the customer premise equipment 200 and further miniaturize the lens 100.

[0187] The lens 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can achieve high gain while taking into account the flexibility and miniaturization of the appearance, thereby improving the applicability of the lens 100 to different products. The structure and working principle of the lens 100 will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0188] It should be noted that the lens 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used not only in customer front-end devices, but also in various devices that need to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves. For example, in an antenna 3 device that transmits electromagnetic waves, the lens 100 can be placed on one side of the antenna, and the divergent electromagnetic wave beam emitted by the antenna can be converged into a parallel beam after passing through the lens 100 for long-distance communication and transmission. The present application does not limit the scenarios and devices to which the lens 100 is applicable. In addition, the transmission path of electromagnetic waves is reversible, and the lens 100 in the present application can be used in devices that receive electromagnetic waves and in devices that transmit electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the transmission direction of the electromagnetic waves is not distinguished in the drawings of the present application, and this will not be repeated in the following text.

[0189] See also Figure 5-Figure 11 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the lens of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lens of the embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is a rectangle; Figure 7a for Figure 6 Sectional view along the U1-U1 direction; Figure 7b for Figure 6 Sectional view along the U2-U2 direction; Figure 7c for Figure 6 Sectional view along the U3-U3 direction; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the lens of the embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is elliptical; Figure 9a for Figure 8 Cross-sectional view along T1-T1 direction; Figure 9b for Figure 8 Cross-sectional view along T2-T2 direction; Fig.9c for Figure 8 Sectional view along T3-T3 direction; Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the lens of the embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is a triangle; Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the lens of the embodiment of the present application, wherein the cross section of the lens is an irregular quadrilateral.

[0190] like Figure 5-Figure 6 As shown, the material of the lens 100 includes a dielectric material. A dielectric material is a material that can be transmitted by electromagnetic waves, and the present application does not limit the specific type of the dielectric material. In one embodiment, the entire lens 100 is made of a dielectric material. In other alternative embodiments, a portion of the lens 100 may be made of a dielectric material, and another portion (such as the edge of the lens 100) may be made of a non-dielectric material, and the present application does not limit this.

[0191] Furthermore, in a plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, the lens 100 is non-circular, and the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens 100 in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the lengths of the lens 100 in different directions. The height direction Z of the lens can be understood as the thickness direction of the lens 100. It should be noted that the thickness of the lens 100 can be the same (such as a flat lens) or different (such as a convex lens), and the present application does not limit this. In addition, the thickness of the lens 100 is not limited and should be set according to actual needs. Figure 2 As shown, in the customer premise device 200, the lens 100 and the antenna 3 are arranged along the height direction Z of the lens, and the height direction Z of the lens can also be understood as the thickness direction of the housing 4. Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, in one embodiment, the lens 100 is a plate-like structure as a whole, and the thickness direction of the plate-like structure is the height direction Z of the lens. It should be noted that the lens 100 may not be a plate-like structure, and the shape and structure of the lens 100 will be expanded later, and this application does not limit this.

[0192] The lens 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts dielectric material, and is non-circular in the plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, that is, the cross section of the lens 100 perpendicular to the height direction (hereinafter, the cross section of the lens 100 perpendicular to the height direction is referred to as the cross section of the lens 100) is a shape other than a circle, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, a triangle, a trapezoid, an irregular shape, etc. In addition, in the plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the length of the lens 100 in different directions. Or it can be understood that the dielectric constant of the lens 100 is anisotropic, and in the plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, the ratio of the length of the lens 100 in different directions determines the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 in different directions, that is, the anisotropic dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 is related to the cross-sectional shape of the lens 100. It should be noted that the selection of dielectric materials is not limited, for example, it can be a dielectric material such as quartz, ceramics, etc., or a magnetoelectric material can be used.

[0193] With this structure, the lens 100 can flexibly adapt to the shape of the customer's front-end device 200. For example, the lens 100 can be designed to have a cross-section that matches the product according to the shape of the customer's front-end device 200 (i.e., according to the shape of the antenna layout surface K1 of the customer's front-end device 200), and the anisotropic dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 will also change with the proportion of the customer's front-end device 200 in each direction (such as the aspect ratio), so the lens 100 has a good focusing effect on electromagnetic waves incident from all directions, ensuring the high gain performance of the lens 100. At the same time, since the cross-sectional shape of the lens 100 matches the shape of the product and does not need to be designed into a specific shape such as a circle, the flexibility of the shape design of the lens 100 is improved, and the utilization rate of the lens 100 can be improved in a limited space, reducing space waste, and thus the lens 100 can be miniaturized to a certain extent. For example, the ball lens 300 can be compressed into a lens 100 that matches the shape of the customer's front-end device 200, which not only ensures the gain effect of the lens 100, but also improves the compatibility of the lens 100 with the product shape and reduces the size of the lens 100.

[0194] It can be seen that the lens 100 provided in the present application can achieve high gain while taking into account flexibility and miniaturization in appearance, thereby improving the applicability of the lens 100 to different products.

[0195] It should be noted that, since the antenna 3 and the lens 100 are arranged relative to each other in the height direction Z of the lens, the electromagnetic wave is not polarized in the height direction Z of the lens. Generally speaking, only the polarization of the electromagnetic wave in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens is considered. The dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 in the height direction Z of the lens has little effect on the gain effect of the lens 100. Therefore, in the present application, "the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the length of the lens 100 in different directions" is limited to the direction in the plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, and no requirements are made on the ratio of the dielectric constant of each particle in the height direction Z of the lens to the dielectric constant in other directions.

[0196] It should be noted that the miniaturization of the lens 100 is not an absolute miniaturization in terms of physical size, but also needs to be discussed in combination with the electrical size and the wavelength of the antenna 3. When the wavelength and physical size of the antenna 3 are constant, the electrical size of the lens 100 can be calculated, and the aperture efficiency of the customer front-end device 200 can be further calculated, and the gain of the antenna 3 can be reflected by the aperture efficiency. The aperture efficiency is the ratio of the effective aperture of the receiving antenna 3 to the physical aperture (the size of the antenna layout surface K1). When the physical aperture and operating frequency of the customer front-end device 200 are constant, the greater the gain achieved by the antenna 3, the greater its aperture efficiency. Therefore, the gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna 3 can be measured by the aperture efficiency. In the following text, the aperture efficiency of the antenna 3 will be calculated in combination with the specific structure and size analysis of the lens 100 in several embodiments, so as to verify the high gain effect of the lens 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0197] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the cross section of the lens 100 may be any shape other than a circle, as long as the anisotropic dielectric constant of the lens 100 is related to the ratio of the lengths of the lens 100 in different directions. The relationship between the shape of the lens 100 and its dielectric constant is exemplarily described below with reference to several common shapes.

[0198] like Figure 6-7c As shown, in one embodiment, in a plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, the lens 100 is rectangular, that is, the cross section of the lens 100 is rectangular. At this time, the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens is positively correlated with the aspect ratio of the rectangle.

[0199] In one embodiment, the aspect ratio of the rectangle is a, and the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens is k, then k = a ± 0.5. Among them, k = a ± 0.5 means that k is proportional to a, and the difference between k and a is within the range of ± 0.5. For example, assuming that the aspect ratio of the rectangle is a = 5:3, the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens is k, which is also 5:3 = 1.6 in theory, but in fact it can float in the range of 1.1 to 2.1. It should be noted that the dielectric constant of the lens 100 is not limited. In one embodiment, the dielectric constants of the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens are both in the range of 1 to 50. In other alternative embodiments, the dielectric constant of the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens may also be greater than 50, and the present application does not limit this.

[0200] like Figure 8-9cAs shown, in one embodiment, in a plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, the lens 100 is elliptical, that is, the cross section of the lens 100 is elliptical. At this time, the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens is positively correlated with the aspect ratio of the ellipse, which is the ratio of the length of the major axis to the minor axis of the ellipse.

[0201] In one implementation, the aspect ratio of the ellipse is a, and the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens is k, then k=a±0.5. Among them, k=a±0.5 can be understood in the same way as the lens 100 with a rectangular cross section in the above embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0202] like Fig.10 As shown, in one embodiment, the cross-section of the lens 100 can also be a triangle. In this case, the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 is related to the three directions x1, x2, and x3 shown in the figure, and x1, x2, and x3 are respectively perpendicular to the three sides of the triangle.

[0203] like Fig.11 As shown, in one embodiment, the cross-section of the lens 100 can also be an irregular quadrilateral. In this case, the dielectric constant of each particle in the lens 100 is related to the four directions x1, x2, x3, and x4 shown in the figure, and x1, x2, x3, and x4 are respectively perpendicular to the four sides of the quadrilateral.

[0204] In addition to the above embodiments, the cross-section of the lens 100 may also be a trapezoid, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a pentagon, a hexagon, an irregular shape, etc., which are not listed one by one in this application.

[0205] like Figure 5 , Figure 7a-7c , Figure 9a-9c As shown, in one embodiment, the lens 100 includes a plurality of dielectric layers 2 stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric layers 2 decrease layer by layer from the inside to the outside. Or it can be understood that, with the center point of the lens 100 in three-dimensional space as the center, the lens 100 as a whole is composed of a plurality of dielectric layers 2, and along the direction extending from the center point of the lens 100 to its outer surface, each dielectric layer 2 is nested layer by layer, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 2 decreases layer by layer. Among them, the dielectric constants of each layer of dielectric layer 2 in each direction decrease layer by layer, showing the characteristics of a Luneburg lens (a Luneburg lens is a theoretical circular lens, and along the radius of the Luneburg lens, from the center of the Luneburg lens to its outer edge, the dielectric constant of each particle changes continuously and gradually decreases. This embodiment simulates the dielectric constant variation law of the Luneburg lens by stratifying the lens 100). With this structure, the gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna 3 can be further improved.

[0206] It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the number of dielectric layers 2 in the lens 100 and the thickness of each dielectric layer 2 are not limited and can be set as required. In one embodiment, the thickness of each dielectric layer 2 is less than one fifth of the wavelength of the antenna 3 of the client front-end device 200. At this time, the performance of the lens 100 is closer to that of a Luneburg lens with a continuously changing dielectric constant, and the gain effect is more ideal.

[0207] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the dielectric constant of the lens 100 is anisotropic. This may be because the dielectric material itself is anisotropic (i.e., the dielectric constants of the dielectric material are different in different directions). Alternatively, a dielectric material with an isotropic dielectric constant may be used, where the dielectric constants of the dielectric material in different directions are the same. Then, at least one structure including a hole, a cavity, and a gap is provided in the lens 100, so that the dielectric constant of the lens 100 is anisotropic. Several possible implementations are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0208] See also Fig.12 , Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dielectric unit in the lens of the embodiment of the present application.

[0209] like Figure 5 , Fig.12 As shown, in one embodiment, each dielectric layer 2 of the lens 100 includes a plurality of stacked dielectric units 21, and the dielectric constant ratio of each dielectric unit 21 in different directions is positively correlated with the length ratio of the lens 100 in different directions. That is, each dielectric layer 2 of the lens 100 is composed of a plurality of dielectric units 21, and the lens 100 as a whole is also composed of a stack of dielectric units 21. Each dielectric constant in different directions is different, so that the lens 100 as a whole exhibits anisotropy of dielectric constant. Among them, the specific number of dielectric units 21 in each dielectric layer 2 is not limited and can be set as needed. It should be noted that Figure 5 This is only a schematic diagram of the principle of the lens provided in this application. The dielectric unit 21 in the figure is only a schematic diagram and does not represent the actual number and structure of the dielectric unit 21. Figure 5 The gaps between adjacent dielectric units 21 may be formed by more dielectric units 21 , that is, the entire lens 100 is formed by stacking dielectric units 21 .

[0210] In one embodiment, each dielectric unit 21 is a dielectric block 211 made of isotropic dielectric material. Structures such as holes, cavities, and gaps are provided on the dielectric block 211 to obtain a dielectric unit 21 of a specific shape, so that the dielectric constants of each dielectric unit 21 in different directions are different.

[0211] See also Fig.13 , Fig.13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0212] like Figure 12-13 As shown, in one embodiment, the dielectric block 211 of the dielectric unit 21 is provided with slits extending in different directions, and the lengths of the slits in different directions are different, so that the dielectric constant ratio of each dielectric unit 21 in different directions is positively correlated with the length ratio of the lens 100 in different directions. Or it can be understood that the dielectric unit 21 is formed by etching the slits on the dielectric block 211. Since the lengths of the etched slits in different directions are different, the lengths of the dielectric materials actually contained in the dielectric unit 21 in different directions are different, so the dielectric constant ratios of each dielectric unit 21 in different directions are different.

[0213] like Fig.13 As shown, in one embodiment, the dielectric block 211 of each dielectric unit 21 is a cubic structure, and in a plane perpendicular to the height direction Z of the lens, the dielectric unit 21 is a square structure. The slits etched on the dielectric unit 21 are cross-shaped, including a first slit 211a and a second slit 211b that are perpendicular to each other. The first slit 211a extends along the length direction Y of the lens, and the second slit 211b extends along the width direction X of the lens. If the second slit 211b is longer and the first slit 211a is shorter, the length of the remaining part of the dielectric unit 21 in the length direction Y of the lens is longer, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit 21 in the length direction Y of the lens is larger. This solution can be applied to scenes where the cross section of the lens 100 is rectangular or elliptical. When processing the lens 100, the lengths of different slits in each dielectric unit 21 can be designed according to the ratio of the dielectric constants of the lens 100 in different directions. It should be noted that each slit may or may not penetrate the dielectric block 211 in the height direction Z of the lens, and this application does not limit this. In other alternative implementations, the dielectric block 211 of the dielectric unit 21 may also be a non-cubic structure such as a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a triangular prism structure, a cylindrical structure, etc., and the present application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0214] See also Figure 14-18 , Fig.14 This is a schematic structural diagram of a second implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 15a-Figure 15b This is a schematic diagram of equivalent capacitance of a second implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig.16 A circuit diagram of an equivalent capacitor of a second implementation of a dielectric unit in a lens according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 17-Figure 18 This is a simulation test diagram of the second implementation mode of the basic unit in the lens of the embodiment of the present application.

[0215] like Fig.12 , Figure 14-16As shown, in one embodiment, each dielectric unit 21 includes a main body 212 and a plurality of columns 213 connected to the main body 212, and the plurality of columns 213 extend from the surface of the main body 212 in different directions and protrude from the main body 212, so that the dielectric constant ratio of the dielectric unit 21 in different directions is positively correlated with the length ratio of the lens 100 in different directions. Or it can be understood that each column of the dielectric unit 21 extends from the surface of the main body 212 and protrudes from the main body 212. In each direction, the dielectric unit 21 is composed of the main body 212 and the columns 213 extending along the direction, and the lengths of the main body 212 and the columns 213 in different directions are also different, so that the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit 21 in different directions is different. It should be noted that the number and extension direction of the columns 213 in the dielectric unit 21 are not limited, and should be designed according to the dielectric constant distribution of the lens 100 in different directions.

[0216] like Fig.15b As shown, in one embodiment, the columns 213 disposed opposite to each other in adjacent dielectric units 21 are connected, so that a cavity 214 is formed around the main body 212 of the adjacent dielectric units 21. It can be understood that each dielectric unit 21 is formed by punching holes in the dielectric material of the lens 100, and the dielectric material in the cavity 214 is removed to form the shape of the dielectric unit 21. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the dielectric unit 21 can also be processed in other forms, and the present application does not limit this.

[0217] like Fig.14 As shown, in one embodiment, the main body 212 of each dielectric unit 21 is set as a rectangular parallelepiped structure and includes six columns 213. The six columns 213 are respectively arranged on the six faces of the main body 212, and include two first columns 213a arranged at intervals in the length direction Y of the lens, two second columns 213b arranged at intervals in the width direction X of the lens, and two third columns 213c arranged at intervals in the height direction Z of the lens. This solution is suitable for scenes where the cross-section of the lens 100 is rectangular or elliptical. In other alternative embodiments, the main body 212 of the dielectric unit 21 can also be a cylindrical, triangular prism or other structure, which is not limited in this application.

[0218] Furthermore, the ends of the six columns 213 away from the main body 212 are respectively located on the six faces of a virtual cube with a side length of L, that is, Fig.14The six faces m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, and m6 in the dielectric unit 21 are m1 and m2, m3 and m4 are m5 and m6, m1 and m2 are two faces opposite to each other in the length direction Y of the lens, m3 and m4 are two faces opposite to each other in the width direction X of the lens, and m5 and m6 are two faces opposite to each other in the height direction Z of the lens. It can be understood that the dielectric unit 21 is formed by processing on a prefabricated block of a regular cube (with a side length of L), and a part of the structure in the prefabricated block is removed to form the dielectric unit 21. In the length direction of the dielectric unit 21, the sum of the lengths of the two first columns 213a and the main body 212 is L, in the width direction of the dielectric unit 21, the sum of the lengths of the two second columns 213b and the main body 212 is L, and in the height direction of the dielectric unit 21, the sum of the lengths of the two third columns 213c and the main body 212 is also L.

[0219] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the shape of the column 213 is not limited, and may be a cylinder, a quadrangular prism, a triangular prism, etc. In one embodiment, each column 213 is a regular quadrangular prism, and the cross section of each column 213 in a direction perpendicular to its extension direction is a square with a side length of w.

[0220] like Figure 12-16 As shown, since there are cavities 214 between adjacent dielectric units 21, capacitance will be generated, so it is necessary to introduce an analysis of equivalent capacitance so that the dielectric unit 21 can accurately simulate the dielectric constant of the lens 100. The analysis process and results of equivalent capacitance are described below.

[0221] like Figure 14-16 As shown, in the length direction Y of the lens, the length of the main body 212 is l y , then the length of each first column 213a is In the width direction X of the lens, the length of the main body 212 is l x , then the length of each second column 213b is In the height direction Z of the lens, the length of the main body 212 is l z , then the length of each third column 213c is The dielectric constants of the dielectric unit 21 in three directions satisfy the following original formula:

[0222]

[0223] Among them, ε 0 is the dielectric constant of air, ε h is the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of each dielectric unit 21, ε y is the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit 21 in the length direction Y of the lens, ε x is the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit 21 in the width direction X of the lens, ε zis the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit 21 in the height direction Z of the lens.

[0224] The equivalent capacitance of each dielectric unit 21 in the width direction X of the lens includes C11, C12, C13, C21, C22, and C23, and satisfies the following formula:

[0225]

[0226]

[0227]

[0228]

[0229] By combining the above formulas, it can be deduced that in the width direction X of the lens, the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit 21 satisfies the following formula:

[0230]

[0231] Similarly, in the length direction Y of the lens, the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit 21 satisfies the following formula:

[0232]

[0233] Similarly, in the height direction Z of the lens, the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit 21 satisfies the following formula:

[0234]

[0235] In order to verify the accuracy of the dielectric constant formula of the dielectric unit 21, two cases of w = 0.5 mm and w = 1 mm were selected for simulation and testing. The results are as follows: Figure 17-Figure 18 shown.

[0236] Figure 17-Figure 18 In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the length l of the main body 212 x , the ordinate is the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric unit 21, N11 is the test curve when the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit 21 is calculated using the original formula, N12 is the test curve when the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit 21 is calculated using the formula introducing equivalent capacitance, and N13 is the simulation curve. It can be seen from the figure that when w=0.5mm and w=1mm, the test curve of the dielectric constant calculated using the formula introducing equivalent capacitance is obviously closer to the simulation data, which shows that the solution of the present application has a more accurate simulation effect on the dielectric constant of the dielectric unit 21.

[0237] The lens 100 in each of the above embodiments can achieve high gain while taking into account flexibility and miniaturization in appearance, and is highly applicable to different products. However, there is still a problem as to how the dielectric constant of the lens 100 should be distributed. Based on this, the present application also provides a method for calculating a compressed lens, which can compress the ball lens 300 into the lens 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application through three-dimensional coordinate transformation.

[0238] See also Figure 19-21 , Fig.19 Schematic diagram of the structure of a ball lens; Fig. 20 This is the reflection coefficient measurement diagram of the spherical lens to the antenna; Fig.21 This is a simulation test diagram of the gain of the spherical lens on the antenna.

[0239] like Fig.19 As shown, in the calculation method of the compression lens provided in the present application, the lens 100 is compressed by the ball lens 300, and the ball lens 300 itself has the characteristic of high gain. In one embodiment, the ball lens 300 is a Luneburg lens.

[0240] like Fig. 20 As shown, the horizontal axis in the figure represents antenna 3 (reference Figure 4b ), and the ordinate represents the reflection coefficient. Taking the patch antenna as an example, N31 is the reflection coefficient curve of the patch antenna itself, and N32 is the reflection coefficient curve of the patch antenna after the ball lens 300 is loaded. It can be seen from the figure that after the frequency band of 4.95 GHz, the reflection coefficient of antenna 3 is reduced after the Luneburg lens is loaded.

[0241] like Fig.21 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the antenna 3, and the vertical axis represents the gain of the antenna 3. Taking the horn antenna as an example, N41 is the gain curve of the horn antenna itself, and N42 is the gain curve of the horn antenna after the ball lens 300 is loaded. It can be seen from the figure that after the ball lens 300 is loaded, the gain of the horn antenna is significantly improved.

[0242] It can be seen that the spherical lens 300 has a good gain effect on the antenna 3. How to retain the high gain characteristics of the spherical lens 300 during the compression process is the core of the calculation method of the compression lens of the present application. The traditional compression method is to directly compress the spherical lens 300 horizontally. The compressed lens destroys the original dielectric constant distribution law of the spherical lens 300, causing the reflection of the compressed lens to deteriorate and the gain to be lost. The calculation method of the compression lens provided in the embodiment of the present application introduces optical conditions, and the lens 100 can still guarantee a good gain effect after compression.

[0243] See also Figure 22-Figure 27 , Fig. 22 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 1 ; Fig.23 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 2 ; Fig.24 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ball lens and the air layer; Figure 25-26 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lens after compression in the embodiment of the present application; Fig. 27 This is a simulation test diagram of the gain effect of the antenna after the lens is compressed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0244] like Fig. 22 , Figure 24-26 As shown, in one embodiment, the calculation method of the compression lens includes:

[0245] Step S1: Obtain the compression coefficient of the ball lens 300 in each direction.

[0246] Step S2: Introduce the compression coefficient into the coordinate system for coordinate transformation.

[0247] Step S3: introducing the dielectric constant distribution function of the ball lens 300 to calculate the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens 100 after compression.

[0248] Step S4: Determine the focus Q2 of the compressed lens 100.

[0249] Step S5: Optimizing the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens 100 to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function.

[0250] The calculation method of the compression lens provided in the embodiment of the present application introduces an optical condition (i.e., the dielectric constant distribution function of the spherical lens 300) during compression, and introduces a three-dimensional optical transformation based on the condition to calculate the dielectric constant distribution of the lens 100 after compression, thereby ensuring that the lens 100 after compression can still meet the original optical properties of the spherical lens 300, thereby ensuring a good gain effect. Moreover, the compressed lens 100 is smaller in size, more flexible in shape, and has a wider range of applications. In addition, after calculating the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens 100, it is further optimized according to the position of the focus Q2 of the lens 100 to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function, which further improves the gain effect of the lens 100.

[0251] Wherein, step S1 is to determine the compression coefficient of the lens 100 in each direction, and the compression coefficient can be directly determined by the shape of the lens 100. Figure 4a , Figure 23-Figure 25 As shown, in one embodiment, step S1 includes:

[0252] Step S11: determining the shape of the compressed rear lens 100 according to the shape of the customer's front-end device 200 .

[0253] Step S12: Determine the ratio of the compressed lens 100 to the ball lens 300 in each direction according to the shape of the compressed lens 100. The ratio of the lens 100 in each direction is the compression coefficient of the ball lens 300 in each direction.

[0254] It can be understood that the shape into which the ball lens 300 is compressed is determined according to the shape of the customer front-end device 200, and specifically, can be determined according to the antenna layout plane K1 of the customer front-end device 200. For example, Figure 4a-4b In the customer front-end device 200 in FIG. 1 , the antenna layout plane K1 is a rectangle, and the cross-section of the lens 100 after compression is a rectangle, and the compression coefficient of the lens 100 in the length direction Y and the width direction X of the lens can be directly calculated. The lens 100 is usually also required to be compressed in the height direction Z of the lens to save the space occupied by the lens 100 in the customer front-end device 200. The lens 100 can usually be compressed into a flat plate-like structure, and its compression coefficient in the height direction Z of the lens is determined according to the thickness of the plate-like structure.

[0255] It should be noted that when compressing the ball lens 300, only the ball lens 300 may be compressed, or the air layer around the ball lens 300 may be compressed together. Fig.24 There is a cylindrical air layer around the ball lens 300. The air layer and the ball lens 300 are a cylindrical structure as a whole. Figure 25-26 The lens 100 shown is an elliptical cylindrical structure. During the compression process, the dielectric constant of the dielectric material used in the ball lens 300 and the dielectric constant of the air layer should be substituted into the calculation.

[0256] like Fig.24 As shown, further, in one embodiment, the coordinates of any point of the ball lens 300 in the coordinate system XYZ are (x, y, z), and the coordinates of any point in the lens 100 after compression are (x', y', z'). The formula for introducing the compression coefficient into the coordinate system for coordinate transformation is:

[0257]

[0258] Among them, n y is the compression coefficient of the ball lens 300 in the length direction Y of the lens, n x is the compression coefficient of the ball lens 300 in the width direction X of the lens, n z is the compression coefficient of the ball lens 300 in the height direction Z of the lens. In one example, n x is 0.8, n y is 1, n z is 0.2.

[0259] It should be noted that the above formula is applicable to the case where the cross section of the compressed lens 100 is rectangular or elliptical, and for lenses 100 of other shapes, the calculation should be based on their cross-sectional shapes. Fig.10 The lens 100 with a triangular middle cross section has compression coefficients in the height direction Z of the lens and in the three directions x1, x2, and x3. Coordinate transformation should be performed in the four directions, which are not listed one by one in this application.

[0260] In one embodiment, the dielectric constant distribution function of the ball lens 300 is:

[0261]

[0262] Wherein, R is the radius of the spherical lens 300, r is the distance between any particle in the spherical lens 300 and the center of the spherical lens 300, and the dielectric constant distribution function of the spherical lens 300 exhibits the dielectric constant distribution characteristics of the Longbo lens.

[0263] Furthermore, the principle expression of the dielectric constant of any point in the lens 100 after compression is:

[0264]

[0265] The dielectric constant distribution function of the lens 100 after compression is:

[0266]

[0267]

[0268] Among them, ε yy is the dielectric constant of the compressed lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens, ε xx It is the dielectric constant of the lens 100 in the width direction X of the lens after compression.

[0269] It should be noted that, since the polarization of the electromagnetic wave in the height direction Z of the lens is not considered, the dielectric constant distribution of the compressed lens 100 in the height direction Z of the lens may not meet the above optical conditions, and the lens can be directly compressed proportionally according to the compression coefficient. The optimization and discretization of the dielectric constant distribution function in the following text also only consider the length direction Y of the lens and the width direction X of the lens, which will not be repeated.

[0270] like Fig. 27As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the antenna, the vertical axis represents the gain of the antenna, N51 is the gain curve of the antenna after the lens is compressed by the traditional method (horizontal compression), and N52 is the gain curve of the antenna after the lens is compressed by the method of the present application. It can be seen from the figure that the lens 100 compressed by the calculation method of the compression lens provided in the embodiment of the present application has a significantly better gain effect on the antenna than the traditional method.

[0271] See also Figure 28a-28b , Fig.28a is a schematic diagram of the focus of a spherical lens; Fig.28b This is a schematic diagram of the focal point of the lens after compression according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0272] like Figure 2-4b As shown, those skilled in the art can understand that in the client front-end device 200, the antenna 3 is approximately regarded as a point source O, and when the point source O is placed at the focus Q2 of the lens 100, the gain of the antenna 3 can reach the highest. Figure 28a-28b As shown, after the ball lens 300 is compressed into the lens 100, the position of the focus Q1 of the ball lens changes, and the focus Q2 of the compressed lens is different from the focus Q1 of the ball lens. At this time, the position of the antenna 3 needs to be adjusted so that it is located at the focus Q2 of the compressed lens 100. However, after the position of the antenna 3 changes, the dielectric constant distribution of the lens 100 also needs to be recalculated, and the position of the focus Q2 of the lens 100 will also change again, and the position of the antenna 3 needs to be further adjusted. That is, the position of the antenna 3 is coupled with the dielectric constant distribution of the lens 100. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens 100 through steps S4 and S5.

[0273] See also Figure 29-Figure 37 , Fig.29 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 3 ; Fig.30 This is a simulation diagram of the focal position of the lens after compression in the calculation method of the compression lens in the embodiment of the present application; Fig.31 Flow chart 4 of the method for calculating the compression lens of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 32-Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path after the lens is compressed in the embodiment of the present application; Fig.34 The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 5 ; Fig.35 A curve diagram showing the relationship between the dielectric factor and antenna gain of the lens of the embodiment of the present application; Fig.36 This is a simulation test diagram of the dielectric factor of the lens of the embodiment of the present application; Fig.37 This is a simulation test diagram of the gain effect of the antenna after the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens is optimized in the embodiment of the present application.

[0274] First, the position of the focus Q2 of the compressed lens 100 needs to be determined according to the shape of the compressed lens 100. Figure 29-Figure 30 As shown, in one embodiment, step S4 includes:

[0275] Step S41: Determine the position of the focus Q2 by light path simulation. For example, simulation can be performed by software such as MATLAB or ANSYS to directly obtain the position of the focus Q2.

[0276] like Figure 31-Figure 33 As shown, in an alternative embodiment, step S4 includes:

[0277] Step S42: According to the refractive index distribution formula of the lens 100 and the optical path phase difference, the focal length expression of the lens 100 after compression is obtained, and the position of the focus Q2 is calculated according to the focal length expression.

[0278] Specifically, Fig.32 As shown, two light paths are assumed in a plane perpendicular to the length direction Y of the lens, light path 1 is incident from point source O and passes through the edge of lens 100, and light path 2 is incident from point source O and passes through the center of lens 100. The incident point of light path 2 is P, the incident point of light path 1 is P0, and the exit point is P1.

[0279] In this plane, the refractive index distribution of the lens 100 is:

[0280]

[0281] The phase difference between optical path 1 and optical path 2 is: M is the distance from the point source O to the center of the lens 100. Given different values ​​of M, each value can be used to obtain a corresponding (It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the phase of the electromagnetic wave is inversely proportional to the refractive index of the medium, i.e. V represents the phase of the electromagnetic wave, c is the speed of light, and n is the refractive index of the medium. This formula can be used for calculation). When , the value of M can be identified as the focal length F of the lens 100. Taking the center point of the lens 100 as the origin, the focal position (0, 0, -M) of the lens 100 can be obtained by calculation.

[0282] Similarly, if Fig.33 As shown, light path 1' and light path 2' are assumed in a plane perpendicular to the width direction X of the lens, light path 1' is incident from point source O and passes through the edge of lens 100, and light path 2' is incident from point source O and passes through the center of lens 100. The incident point of light path 2 is P', the incident point of light path 1' is P0', and the exit point is P1'.

[0283] In this plane, the refractive index distribution of the lens 100 is:

[0284]

[0285] The phase difference between the two optical paths is: M' is the distance from the point source O to the center of the lens 100. The position of the focus Q2 of the lens 100 can be calculated in this plane (0, 0, -M'). If the coordinates of the two focuses Q2 calculated in the plane perpendicular to the width direction X of the lens and the plane perpendicular to the length direction Y of the lens coincide, that is, M = M', it can be determined that M is the focal length F of the lens 100.

[0286] After the above process, the focal length expression of the lens 100 can be obtained:

[0287]

[0288] Wherein, F is the focal length of the post-compression lens 100, λ 0 is the wavelength of the antenna, x 0 is the coordinate of the center point of the lens 100 in the width direction X of the lens, y 0 is the coordinate of the center point of the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens. In one embodiment, x 0 =y 0 =0. H is the thickness of the lens 100 (i.e., the length of the lens 100 in the height direction Z of the lens), and t is the number of dielectric layers in the lens 100 (the number of dielectric layers in the lens will be discussed later. When the lens is not layered, t=1). The focal length of the lens 100 after compression can be directly calculated according to the above formula to obtain the position of the focus Q2.

[0289] like Fig.34 As shown, in one embodiment, step S5 includes:

[0290] Step S51: Introducing the dielectric factor and the focus Q2 of the compressed lens 100 into the dielectric constant distribution function of the compressed lens to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function.

[0291] Step S52: Fitting the statistical formula of dielectric factor, wherein the dielectric factor (also called focal diameter ratio) is F / R.

[0292] In step S51, since it is necessary to consider the change in the focal position of the lens 100 after compression, the information of the focal point Q2 (such as the focal length F) can be directly introduced into the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens, and the influence of the focal point is taken into account during the calculation. In one embodiment, the optimized dielectric constant distribution function is:

[0293]

[0294]

[0295] It can be seen from the above expression that the optimized dielectric constant distribution function is related to the focal length F of the lens 100 and the inverse of the dielectric factor F / R, that is, it is related to the dielectric factor of the lens 100. Although the focal length F is introduced into the dielectric constant distribution function, the change of the focus will still affect the gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna. If the focal length F is calculated by a general method (such as the above steps S41 or S42), and then the calculated focal length F is substituted into the optimized dielectric constant distribution function for calculation, it is still impossible to ensure that the calculated dielectric constant distribution of the lens matches the focal length F, and the coupling relationship between the two is still not resolved. Or it can be understood that the focal length F in the optimized dielectric constant distribution function is not a given value, but a value that needs to be continuously optimized and iterated on the basis of the calculated dielectric constant distribution of the lens. In order to decouple the focal length F from the dielectric constant distribution of the lens, the optimal focal point F is directly obtained after determining the compression ratio of the lens. The relationship between the dielectric factor F / R of the lens and the antenna gain can be used to fit the statistical formula of the dielectric factor to guide the dielectric constant distribution of the lens.

[0296] like Fig.35 As shown, the gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna is related to the dielectric factor F / R of the lens. In one embodiment, the dielectric factor F / R of the lens 100 can be changed, and then the corresponding antenna gain can be measured to obtain a curve of the antenna gain changing with the dielectric factor F / R. The antenna gain measurement process can be: first calculate the focal length F of the lens 100 using step S41 or S42, and then substitute the focal length F into the optimized dielectric constant distribution function, preliminarily calculate the dielectric constant of the lens 100, and simulate the gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna at this time.

[0297] from Fig.35 It can be seen that the antenna gain increases with the increase of the dielectric factor F / R of the lens. When the dielectric factor F / R increases to a certain value, the antenna gain tends to be stable. Figure 35-Figure 36 As shown, further, an interval of the dielectric factor can be selected within the range of higher antenna gain, multiple points can be selected within this interval, and then a model can be established in mathematical software, the values ​​of the dielectric factor of the lens and other related parameters can be calibrated in the coordinate system, and then the relationship expression between the dielectric factor and other parameters can be fitted through the software.

[0298] Generally speaking, the dielectric factor of a lens is related to its compression coefficient n in the height direction Z of the lens. z , and the ratio of the radius R of the spherical lens to the antenna wavelength λ (i.e. R / λ). Fig.36 As shown, in one embodiment, the dielectric factor F / R and n are fitted using mathematical software. z, and the relationship expression between R / λ, and the statistical formula of the dielectric factor is obtained.

[0299] Among them, the statistical formula of dielectric factor is:

[0300]

[0301] By adopting the above method, once the compression coefficients in various directions are determined by the shape of the lens 100 after compression, the focal length F and the dielectric factor F / R of the lens 100 can be directly calculated by the statistical formula of the dielectric factor, and then the optimized dielectric constant distribution function can be substituted to calculate the optimal distribution of the dielectric function of the lens 100, so that the gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna is the best.

[0302] like Fig.37 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the antenna, the vertical axis represents the antenna gain, and curves N61 and N62 are both antenna gain curves loaded with lens 100. Among them, the dielectric constant distribution of lens 100 loaded by N61 adopts the dielectric constant distribution function obtained in step S3, and the dielectric constant distribution of lens 100 loaded by N62 adopts the above-mentioned optimized dielectric constant distribution function. It can be seen from the figure that the gain effect of lens 100 is significantly better after optimizing the dielectric constant.

[0303] It is understood by those skilled in the art that the dielectric constant of the lens 100 obtained through the above steps S1 to S5 is continuous, which is difficult to achieve in actual production and processing. The compressed lens 100 can be divided into multiple dielectric layers (for example Figure 5 In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer is constant, and the dielectric constants of the dielectric layers change from the inside to the outside, thereby simulating a continuous dielectric distribution function. In order to determine the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer in different directions, the above-mentioned optimized dielectric constant distribution function needs to be discretized.

[0304] See also Fig.38 , Fig.38 Schematic diagram of the coordinate distribution of each dielectric layer in the lens of the embodiment of the present application.

[0305] like Fig.38 As shown, the original discretization method is to substitute the coordinate midpoint of each dielectric layer of the lens 100 into the above-mentioned optimized dielectric constant distribution function for calculation. Taking the compression of a spherical lens with a radius of 75mm into a lens 100 with a size of 150mm*120mm*30mm as an example, the compressed lens 100 includes 6 dielectric layers. The compression coefficient of the lens 100 is preset, and the focal length F is calculated according to the statistical formula of the dielectric factor. The lens 100 is discretized using the original discretization method to obtain a set of dielectric constants. The following Table 1-1 shows the parameters entered during the calculation:

[0306] Table 1-1

[0307] parameter <![CDATA[n x ]]> <![CDATA[n y ]]> <![CDATA[n z ]]> R λ F Numeric 0.8 1 0.2 75mm 60mm 67.84mm

[0308] Table 1-2 below shows the dielectric constants of each dielectric layer obtained by discretizing the lens 100 using the original discretization method. It should be noted that: Fig.38 The numerical values ​​indicated in the figure are the intersection points of the outer surface of each dielectric layer in the layered lens and the coordinate axis. The dielectric constant of each dielectric layer in the lens can be calculated by taking any point within the range of the layer and substituting it into the coordinates. The coordinates in Table 1-2 are based on the intersection points of the outer surface of each dielectric layer in the lens and the X-axis as an example.

[0309] Table 1-2

[0310]

[0311] The traditional discretization method is to calculate the dielectric constants on both sides of each dielectric layer through a continuous dielectric constant distribution function (i.e., substitute the coordinates of both sides of each dielectric layer in the thickness direction for calculation), and then take the average value. Take the compression of a spherical lens with a radius of 75mm into a lens 100 with a size of 150mm*120mm*30mm as an example. The compressed lens 100 includes 6 dielectric layers. A set of dielectric constants is calculated using the same parameters as in Table 1-1 above. Table 2 below is the dielectric constants of each dielectric layer obtained by discretizing the lens 100 using the traditional discretization method:

[0312] Table 2

[0313]

[0314] Both of the above two discrete methods do not take into account the optical conditions and reflection conditions of the lens 100. The discrete method adopted in the embodiment of the present application uses the optical conditions and reflection model as constraints to design the dielectric constants of each dielectric layer. The result is more accurate and has a better gain effect on the antenna.

[0315] See also Figure 39a-Figure 43 , Fig.39a The process of the calculation method of the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 6 ; Fig.39b Flow chart 7 of the method for calculating the compression lens of the embodiment of the present application; Fig.40 A schematic diagram of optical conditions in a calculation method for a compression lens according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 41-42 A schematic diagram of an impedance model of a lens in a calculation method for a compression lens according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig.43 This is a simulation test diagram comparing the method of discrete dielectric constant distribution function in the calculation method of compression lens in the embodiment of the present application with the original discrete method and the traditional discrete method.

[0316] like Figure 5 , Fig.39a As shown, in one embodiment, the calculation method of the compression lens further includes:

[0317] Step S6: according to the distribution of the multiple dielectric layers 2 of the lens 100 , the optimized dielectric constant distribution function is discretized in layers to determine the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer 2 in the multiple dielectric layers 2 of the lens 100 in different directions.

[0318] Specifically, Fig.39b As shown, in one embodiment, step S6 includes:

[0319] Step S61: introducing optical constraints and reflection constraints to discretize the optimized dielectric constant distribution function, so as to obtain the dielectric constants of each dielectric layer 2 in different directions.

[0320] The optical constraint condition represents the variance between the continuous dielectric constant distribution function and the discrete dielectric constant distribution function, and the variance represents the gain of the antenna. The higher the gain of the antenna, the closer the dielectric constant distribution after layered discretization is to the optical constraint condition.

[0321] In one embodiment, the optical constraints are:

[0322]

[0323] Among them, ε Ideal is the continuous dielectric constant distribution function, ε Discrete is a discrete dielectric constant distribution function, δ is the inverse of the cross-sectional compression coefficient of the lens 100, for example, in the length direction Y of the lens, In the width direction X of the lens, P is the difference between the discrete dielectric constant distribution function and the continuous dielectric constant distribution function, and t is the number of dielectric layers in the lens 100. The variance between the continuous dielectric constant distribution function and the discrete dielectric constant distribution function is D(P).

[0324] like Fig.40 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the variance D(P), and the vertical axis represents the antenna gain. N71, N72, and N73 correspond to three lenses with different dielectric constant values. It can be seen from the figure that when the variance D(P) is in the range of [0.7, 1.3], the gain of the antenna is high. At this time, it can be considered that the layered lens 100 meets the optical conditions. Moreover, regardless of the value of the dielectric constant of the lens, the variance range corresponding to the highest value of the antenna gain is fixed.

[0325] The reflection constraint condition represents the reflection coefficient of the lens 100. The smaller the reflection coefficient, the smaller the reflectivity of the lens 100 to electromagnetic waves. Conversely, the stronger the transmittance of the lens 100, the easier it is for electromagnetic waves to pass through the lens 100. Therefore, the reflection coefficient should take the minimum value.

[0326] In one embodiment, the reflection coefficient of the lens 100 is calculated based on a wave impedance model. Specifically, the reflection constraint condition is:

[0327]

[0328] Among them, t is the reflection coefficient of lens 100, Z t is the impedance of the t-th dielectric layer from the inside to the outside of the lens 100, Z t-1 is the impedance of the t-1th dielectric layer from the outside to the inside of the lens 100.

[0329] like Figure 41-42 As shown, for example, it is assumed that the lens 100 includes four dielectric layers A (i.e., the first dielectric layer), B (i.e., the second dielectric layer), C (i.e., the third dielectric layer), and D (i.e., the fourth dielectric layer), and the thickness of the dielectric layer D is d 4 , the load is air (i.e. Fig.42 The resistance R shown in L ), the wave impedance of the dielectric layer D is Among them, μ 4 is the magnetic permeability of the dielectric layer D, ε 4 is the equivalent dielectric constant of dielectric layer D. The thickness of dielectric layer C is d 3 , its load is the impedance of dielectric layer D, the wave impedance of dielectric layer C Among them, μ 3 is the magnetic permeability of the dielectric layer C, ε 3 is the equivalent dielectric constant of dielectric layer C. The thickness of dielectric layer B is d 2 , its load is the impedance of dielectric layer C, the wave impedance of dielectric layer B Among them, μ 2 is the magnetic permeability of dielectric layer B, ε 2 is the equivalent dielectric constant of dielectric layer B. The thickness of dielectric layer A is d 1 , its load is the impedance of dielectric layer B, the wave impedance of dielectric layer A Among them, ε 1 is the magnetic permeability of dielectric layer A, ε 1 is the equivalent dielectric constant of dielectric layer A. Fig.42 Z 0 Represents the air wave impedance.

[0330] The reflection coefficient of dielectric layer A is The reflection coefficient of dielectric layer B is The reflection coefficient of dielectric layer A is The reflection coefficient of dielectric layer D is The impedance Z of the lens 100 as a whole in =Z D . Exemplary:

[0331]

[0332] Among them, 23 is the reflection coefficient from the second dielectric layer B to the third dielectric layer C, j represents an imaginary number, and β is the phase constant of the electromagnetic wave.

[0333] In one embodiment, the specific method for calculating the dielectric constant of each layer of the lens 100 using the optical constraint and the reflection constraint is: first determine the size of the lens 100, the number of layers, and the thickness of each dielectric layer, and then generate a set of initial dielectric constant values ​​corresponding to each dielectric layer. Then, the size information, layering, and initial dielectric constant values ​​of the lens 100 are modeled in the simulation software, and the simulation software automatically calculates the reflection coefficient of the lens and the variance in the above optical constraint. If the calculated reflection coefficient and variance meet the two constraints, it is proved that the initial value of the dielectric constant meets the requirements. If the calculated reflection coefficient and variance do not meet the two constraints, it is necessary to adjust based on the initial value of the dielectric constant, and calculate the reflection coefficient and variance again until the two constraints are met.

[0334] Among them, the initial value of the dielectric constant must satisfy the optimized dielectric constant distribution function described above, and its specific value can be any value, or it can be calculated using the original discrete method or the traditional discrete method (that is, the dielectric constant value in Table 1-2 or Table 2 can be directly used as the initial value).

[0335] Taking the compression of a spherical lens with a radius of 75 mm into a lens 100 with a size of 150 mm*120 mm*30 mm as an example, the compressed lens 100 includes 6 dielectric layers. The dielectric constant of the lens 100 is discretized by the above step S61, and the dielectric constants of each layer are calculated as shown in Table 3 below:

[0336] Table 3

[0337] Dielectric layer 1 2 3 4 5 6 <![CDATA[ε xx ]]> 7.7 7.0 6.2 4.9 3.3 3.3 <![CDATA[ε yy ]]> 12.0 9.3 7.2 5.5 4.2 4.2

[0338] As mentioned above, the gain of the antenna 3 can be reflected by the aperture efficiency. Figure 4a-4c ) is 150 mm × 120 mm, assuming that the entire antenna layout surface K1 is used to arrange antenna 3 (reference Figure 4a-4c), the efficiency of antenna 3 is 90%, the target gain is 17.5dBi, and the calculation method of the compression lens in this application is used to design a lens 100 with a size of 150mm×120mm×30mm (i.e. Figure 6 The lens 100 shown in the figure is used. It is calculated that the aperture efficiency of the antenna 3 after loading the lens 100 is 127%. Theoretically, the aperture efficiency of the antenna 3 is up to 100%, and may exceed 100% in a few cases. The 127% aperture efficiency calculated in this solution is achievable. It can be seen that the lens 100 provided in this application has a good gain effect on the antenna 3.

[0339] like Fig.43 As shown, based on the same scenario, the dielectric constant of the lens 100 is discretized in layers by the original discretization method, the traditional discretization method and the discretization method in the present application, respectively, to obtain a curve of discrete dielectric constant distribution and antenna 3 gain. Fig.43 In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the antenna 3, the vertical axis represents the gain of the antenna 3, N81 represents the curve of the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens obtained by the original discrete method, and N82 represents the curve of the lens 100 in the width direction X of the lens obtained by the original discrete method. N83 represents the curve of the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens obtained by the traditional discrete method, and N84 represents the curve of the lens 100 in the width direction X of the lens obtained by the traditional discrete method. N85 represents the curve of the lens 100 in the length direction Y of the lens obtained by the discrete method in the present application, and N86 represents the curve of the lens 100 in the width direction X of the lens obtained by the discrete method in the present application.

[0340] It can be seen from the figure that, whether in the length direction Y of the lens or in the width direction X of the lens, the gain of the antenna 3 is better than the other two solutions by using the method in the present application to discrete the dielectric constant of the lens 100.

[0341] See also Figure 44-Figure 45 , Fig.44 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application; Fig.45 This is a simulation test diagram comparing another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application with the original discrete method.

[0342] like Figure 44-Figure 45 As shown, in one embodiment, the area of ​​the antenna layout surface K1 is 110mm×80mm. It is assumed that the entire antenna layout surface K1 is used to arrange the antenna 3, the efficiency of the antenna 3 is 90%, and the target gain is 15.8dBi. The calculation method of the compression lens in this application is used to design a lens 100 with a size of 110mm×80mm×30mm, and the actual gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna 3 is obtained by simulation.

[0343] like Fig.45 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of antenna 3, the vertical axis represents the gain of antenna 3, N91 represents the curve of lens 100 obtained by the original discrete method in the length direction Y of the lens, and N92 represents the curve of lens 100 obtained by the original discrete method in the width direction X of the lens. N93 represents the curve of lens 100 obtained by the discrete method in the present application in the length direction Y of the lens, and N94 represents the curve of lens 100 obtained by the discrete method in the present application in the width direction X of the lens. It can be seen from the figure that whether in the length direction Y of the lens or in the width direction X of the lens, when the dielectric constant of lens 100 is discretized by the method in the present application, the gain of antenna 3 is higher than the original discrete scheme. Moreover, after loading the lens 100 obtained by the discrete scheme of the present application, the gain of antenna 3 can reach more than 15dBi, which is close to the target gain, and the peak gain of antenna 3 at 5.0GHz reaches 15dBi.

[0344] See also Figure 46-Figure 47 , Fig.46 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application; Fig.47 This is a simulation test diagram comparing another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application with the original discrete method.

[0345] like Figure 46-Figure 47 As shown, in one embodiment, the area of ​​the antenna layout surface K1 is 160mm×125mm. It is assumed that the entire antenna layout surface K1 is used to arrange the antenna 3, the efficiency of the antenna 3 is 90%, and the target gain is 18.4dBi. The calculation method of the compression lens in this application is used to design a lens 100 with a size of 160mm×125mm×64mm, and the actual gain effect of the lens 100 on the antenna 3 is obtained by simulation.

[0346] like Fig.47As shown, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the antenna 3, the vertical axis represents the gain of the antenna 3, N101 represents the curve of the lens 100 obtained by the original discrete method in the length direction Y of the lens, and N102 represents the curve of the lens 100 obtained by the original discrete method in the width direction X of the lens. N103 represents the curve of the lens 100 obtained by the discrete method in the present application in the length direction Y of the lens, and N104 represents the curve of the lens 100 obtained by the discrete method in the present application in the width direction X of the lens. It can be seen from the figure that in the width direction X of the lens, when the dielectric constant of the lens 100 is discreted by the method of the present application, the gain effect of the antenna 3 is close to that of the original discrete scheme. However, in the length direction Y of the lens, when the dielectric constant of the lens 100 is discreted by the method of the present application, the gain of the antenna 3 is significantly higher than that of the original discrete scheme. When the frequency of the antenna 3 is greater than 5.0GHz, whether in the length direction Y of the lens or in the width direction X of the lens, after loading the lens 100 obtained by the discrete scheme of the present application, the gain of the antenna 3 can reach 18.4dBi.

[0347] See also Figure 48a-Figure 49 , Figure 48a-Figure 48b This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another implementation of the lens of the embodiment of the present application; Fig.49 This is a simulation effect test diagram of another implementation manner of the lens of the embodiment of the present application.

[0348] like Figure 48a-Figure 48b As shown, in one embodiment, a lens 100 with extreme compression in the height direction Z of the lens is designed using the calculation method of the compression lens provided in the embodiment of the present application. The size of the lens 100 is 150mm×120mm×Hmm, where H is the height of the lens 100. In this embodiment, the size of H is relatively small, that is, the lens 100 is designed as a thin plate-like structure to reduce the space occupied by its thickness. Below, H is set to three values ​​of 10mm, 20mm, and 30mm, and the gain of the antenna 3 is simulated respectively. Among them, the working band of the antenna 3 is the 5G millimeter wave band.

[0349] like Fig.49 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis d represents the distance between the antenna and the lens 100, the vertical axis represents the gain of the antenna 3, N111 is the curve of H=10mm, N112 is the curve of H=20mm, and N113 is the curve of H=30mm. It can be seen from the figure that when d=25mm, the gain of the three lenses to the antenna reaches the highest, indicating that the compression size of the lens 100 in the height direction Z of the lens has little effect on its gain effect, and a high peak gain can still be achieved.

[0350] The embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium storing program instructions executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method for calculating the compression lens in any of the above embodiments.

[0351] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps of implementing the above-mentioned method embodiments can be completed by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments are executed. The specific form of the aforementioned storage medium is not limited, for example, it can be: a memory, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a hard disk, an SD card (Secure Digital Card), a SM card (SmartMedia Card) and other media that can store program codes.

[0352] An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and program instructions stored in the memory for the processor to execute, and the processor executes the program instructions to implement the steps of the calculation method of the compression lens in any of the above embodiments.

[0353] The processor may include one or more processing units, for example, the processor may include an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processor (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and / or a neural-network processing unit (NPU), etc. Different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0354] The processor can generate operation control signals based on instruction opcodes and timing signals to complete the control of instruction fetching and execution.

[0355] The memory is used to store instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory is a cache memory. The memory can store instructions or data that the processor has just used or is used in a loop. If the processor needs to use the instruction or data again, it can be directly called from the memory. This avoids repeated access, reduces the waiting time of the processor, and thus improves the efficiency of the system.

[0356] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A lens for a customer front-end device, characterized in that: The material of the lens includes a dielectric material. In a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the lens is non-circular, and the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the lengths of the lens in different directions.

2. The lens according to claim 1, wherein: In a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the lens is elliptical or rectangular, and the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens in the length direction of the lens and in the width direction of the lens is positively correlated with the aspect ratio of the ellipse or the rectangle.

3. The lens according to claim 2, characterized in that The aspect ratio of the ellipse or the rectangle is a, and the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens in the length direction of the lens and in the width direction of the lens is k, k=a±0.

5.

4. The lens according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The dielectric material has different dielectric constants in different directions; or, The dielectric constant of the dielectric material in different directions is the same, and at least one of a hole, a cavity and a gap is provided in the lens, so that: in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the ratio of the dielectric constants of each particle in the lens in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the lengths of the lens in different directions.

5. The lens according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The lens comprises a plurality of dielectric layers stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric layers decrease layer by layer from the inside to the outside.

6. The lens according to claim 5, characterized in that The thickness of each of the multiple dielectric layers is less than one fifth of the wavelength of an antenna of the customer premise equipment, and the antenna is used to communicate with a base station.

7. The lens according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: Each of the plurality of dielectric layers comprises a plurality of stacked dielectric units, and a ratio of dielectric constants of each of the plurality of dielectric units in different directions is positively correlated with a ratio of lengths of the lens in different directions.

8. The lens according to claim 7, wherein: When the dielectric constants of the dielectric material in different directions are the same, each of the dielectric units includes a dielectric block, and gaps extending in different directions are provided in the dielectric block, and the lengths of the gaps in different directions are different, so that: the ratio of the dielectric constants of each of the dielectric units in different directions is positively correlated with the ratio of the lengths of the lens in different directions.

9. The lens according to claim 8, wherein: When the lens is elliptical or rectangular in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the dielectric block of each dielectric unit is arranged as a cube structure, and the dielectric block is provided with the gap extending along the length direction and the width direction of the lens, and the length of the gap extending along the width direction of the lens is greater than the length of the gap extending along the length direction of the lens.

10. The lens according to claim 7, wherein: When the dielectric constants of the dielectric material in different directions are the same, each of the dielectric units includes a main body and a plurality of columns connected to the main body, and the plurality of columns extend from the surface of the main body in different directions and protrude from the main body, so that: the dielectric constant ratio of the dielectric unit in different directions is positively correlated with the length ratio of the lens in different directions; Wherein, the columns arranged facing each other in adjacent dielectric units are connected, so that a cavity is formed around the main bodies of adjacent dielectric units.

11. The lens according to claim 10, wherein: When the lens is elliptical or rectangular in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the lens, the main body of each of the dielectric units is configured as a rectangular parallelepiped structure; The plurality of cylinders are six cylinders, and the six cylinders are respectively arranged on six faces of the main body, and include two first cylinders arranged at intervals in the length direction of the lens, two second cylinders arranged at intervals in the width direction of the lens, and two third cylinders arranged at intervals in the height direction of the lens, and ends of the six cylinders away from the main body are respectively located on six faces of a virtual cube with a side length of L; the cross section of each cylinder in a direction perpendicular to its extension direction is a square with a side length of w; In the length direction of the lens, the dielectric constant of each of the dielectric units satisfies the following formula: In the width direction of the lens, the dielectric constant of each of the dielectric units satisfies the following formula: Among them, ε0 is the dielectric constant of air, ε h is the dielectric constant of the dielectric material of each dielectric unit, ε y is the dielectric constant of each dielectric unit in the length direction of the lens, ε x is the dielectric constant of each of the dielectric units in the width direction of the lens; l y is the length of the main body of each dielectric unit in the length direction of the lens, l x is the length of the main body of each dielectric unit in the width direction of the lens, l z is the length of the main body of each of the dielectric units in the height direction of the lens.

12. The lens according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The lens is a plate-like structure, and the thickness direction of the plate-like structure is the height direction of the lens.

13. A customer premise equipment, characterized in that: It comprises an antenna and the lens according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the antenna is arranged on one side of the lens in the height direction of the lens and is used for communicating with a base station.

14. The customer premise equipment according to claim 13, characterized in that: The antenna is located at the focal point of the lens.

15. The customer premises equipment according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: The customer premise equipment further includes a shell, the antenna is located inside the shell, the lens is mounted on the outside of the shell, or the lens is formed on the shell.

16. A method for calculating a compression lens, characterized in that: include: Obtain the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in each direction; Introducing the compression coefficient into a coordinate system for coordinate transformation; Introducing the dielectric constant distribution function of the ball lens to calculate the dielectric constant distribution function of the compressed lens; determining a focal point of the lens after compression; Optimizing the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function; Wherein, the compressed lens is the lens as described in any one of claims 1-12.

17. The method for calculating a compression lens according to claim 16, wherein: Obtaining the compression coefficient of the ball lens in each direction includes: Determine the shape of the lens after compression according to the shape of the customer's front-end device; The ratio of the compressed lens to the ball lens in each direction is determined according to the shape of the lens after compression, wherein the ratio in each direction is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in each direction.

18. The method for calculating a compression lens according to claim 16 or 17, wherein: The coordinates of any point of the spherical lens in the coordinate system are (x, y, z), and the coordinates of any point in the lens after compression are (x', y', z'). The formula for introducing the compression coefficient into the coordinate system for coordinate transformation is: Among them, n y is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the length direction of the lens, n x is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the width direction of the lens, n z is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the height direction of the lens.

19. The method for calculating a compression lens according to claim 18, wherein: The dielectric constant distribution function of the ball lens is: Wherein, R is the radius of the spherical lens, and r is the distance between any particle in the spherical lens and the center of the spherical lens; The dielectric constant distribution function of the lens after compression is: Among them, ε yy is the dielectric constant of the lens in the length direction of the lens after compression, ε xx is the dielectric constant of the lens in the width direction of the lens after compression.

20. The method for calculating a compression lens according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that: Determining the focus of the lens after compression includes: Determine the position of the focus by light path simulation; Alternatively, the focal length expression of the lens after compression is obtained according to the refractive index distribution formula of the lens and the optical path phase difference, and the position of the focus is calculated according to the focal length expression.

21. The method for calculating a compression lens according to claim 20, wherein: The focal length of the lens is expressed as: Wherein, F is the focal length of the lens after compression, λ0 is the wavelength of the antenna, x0 is the coordinate of the center point of the lens in the width direction of the lens, y0 is the coordinate of the center point of the lens in the length direction of the lens, M is the distance from the phase center of the antenna to the center point of the lens, n z is the compression coefficient of the spherical lens in the height direction of the lens, R is the radius of the spherical lens, H is the thickness of the lens, t is the number of dielectric layers in the lens, p0 is the incident point of the light from the phase center of the antenna to the edge of the lens, and p1 is the exit point of the light from the phase center of the antenna to the edge of the lens.

22. The method for calculating a compression lens according to any one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that: Optimizing the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens to obtain an optimized dielectric constant distribution function includes: Introducing the dielectric factor and the focus of the lens after compression into the dielectric constant distribution function of the lens after compression to obtain the optimized dielectric constant distribution function; Fitting the statistical formula of the dielectric factor; wherein the statistical formula of the dielectric factor is: Wherein, F / R is the dielectric factor, F is the focal length of the lens after compression, R is the radius of the spherical lens, λ is the wavelength of the antenna in free space, and n z is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the height direction of the lens; The optimized dielectric constant distribution function is: Among them, ε yy is the dielectric constant of the lens in the length direction of the lens after compression, ε xx is the dielectric constant of the lens in the width direction of the lens after compression, n x is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the width direction of the lens, n y is the compression coefficient of the ball lens in the width direction of the lens.

23. The method for calculating a compression lens according to any one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that: When the lens includes a plurality of dielectric layers stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside, the calculation method of the compression lens further includes: According to the distribution of the multiple dielectric layers of the lens, the optimized dielectric constant distribution function is discretized in layers to determine the dielectric constant of each of the multiple dielectric layers of the lens in different directions.

24. The method for calculating a compression lens according to claim 23, wherein: Discretizing the optimized dielectric constant distribution function in layers comprises: Optical constraints and reflection constraints are introduced to discretize the optimized dielectric constant distribution function to obtain the dielectric constants of each dielectric layer in different directions; wherein the optical constraints characterize the variance between the continuous dielectric constant distribution function and the discrete dielectric constant distribution function, and the variance characterizes the gain of the antenna. The higher the gain of the antenna, the closer the dielectric constant distribution after layered discretization is to the optical constraints; and the reflection constraints characterize the reflection coefficient of the lens, and the reflection coefficient takes a minimum value.

25. The method for calculating a compression lens according to claim 24, wherein: The optical constraints are: Among them, ε Ideal is the continuous dielectric constant distribution function, ε Discrete is a discrete dielectric constant distribution function, δ is the inverse of the cross-sectional compression coefficient of the lens, P is the difference between the discrete dielectric constant distribution function and the continuous dielectric constant distribution function, and t is the number of dielectric layers in the lens; The reflection constraint condition is: Among them, t is the reflection coefficient of the lens, Z t is the impedance of the t-th dielectric layer from the inside to the outside of the lens, Z t-1 is the impedance of the t-1th dielectric layer from the inside to the outside of the lens.

26. An electronic device, characterized in that: It comprises a memory, a processor and program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor; wherein the processor executes the program instructions to implement the steps of the method for calculating a compression lens according to any one of claims 16-25.

27. A storage medium, characterized in that: It stores program instructions executable by a processor to implement the steps of the calculation method for the compression lens described in any one of claims 16-25.

Images