A method and system for designing an array antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of design method and system of array antenna, it is related to computer-aided design technical field.The design method of array antenna, by obtaining test angle, the number of antenna units in array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, initial phase value, the antenna spacing value of each group adjacent antenna unit, antenna operating frequency value, and carry out array analysis and gain analysis, whether the gain is in the preset interval is judged, if not satisfied, adjust current intensity and phase value, repeat analysis and judgment, until the gain of all test angles meets the preset interval requirement, the initial data of the application is analyzed and gain analysis, combined with adjustment compensation model, the current intensity and phase distribution of antenna unit are gradually optimized, ensure that gain meets the preset interval requirement in all test angles, so as to not only improve the consistency of multi-angle gain, but also effectively reduce the calculation complexity of optimization process, significantly improve design efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of computer-aided design, in particular to a design method and system of an array antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, array antennas, as a high-performance antenna form, are widely used in radar, satellite communication, 5G communication, wireless positioning and other fields. Array antennas are composed of multiple antenna elements, and through reasonable arrangement and excitation control, flexible beam steering and optimized directional pattern can be achieved to meet the communication needs of different scenarios.

[0003] The existing design method of array antennas is usually based on fixed geometric structure and electrical parameters, and the current amplitude, phase distribution and antenna element spacing are optimized by global optimization algorithm. However, this method has the following problems: the limitation of fixed parameter design, the low efficiency of global optimization algorithm, and the lack of dynamic feedback and adjustment mechanism.

[0004] The prior art such as the invention patent application with publication number CN116306281 B discloses a design method, system, device and medium of an array antenna. The design method of the array antenna includes the following steps: obtaining the preset number, shape, size, array antenna excitation coefficient and arrangement structure of the array element in the array antenna, determining the structure of the antenna array, and completing the design of the array antenna. In the solving process of the array antenna excitation coefficient, a new cost function and objective function are proposed. In summary, the present application specifically discloses a novel base station antenna design scheme based on on-demand energy coverage of environmental scattering, which can realize array antenna design based on on-demand energy coverage of environmental scattering, and can customize appropriate antennas according to user-defined electric field distribution in a specific area, thereby reducing errors in actual use.

[0005] Based on the above scheme, it is found that the design of the array antenna in the prior art is usually based on fixed parameter optimization, and the array factor and array gain under the test angle are not dynamically analyzed and feedback optimized at multiple angles. This design method lacking dynamic adjustment is prone to cause the gain of the array antenna to deviate from the design target at some test angles, thereby affecting the overall directional pattern performance. Moreover, the prior art usually adjusts the antenna excitation coefficient through a complex global optimization algorithm, which has large calculation amount and low optimization efficiency, especially in the multi-test angle scenario, it is difficult to efficiently capture and adjust the gain anomaly. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a design method and system of an array antenna, which solves the problems of lack of dynamic analysis and feedback optimization of array factor and array gain at multiple test angles, and high computational complexity of global optimization algorithm in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present application is implemented by the following technical scheme: a design method of an array antenna, comprising the following steps: obtaining array antenna initial data, the array antenna initial data comprising a plurality of test angles, the number of antenna elements in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna element, the initial phase value, the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna elements, the antenna operating frequency value; performing array analysis on the array antenna initial data to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; performing gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; respectively performing judgment analysis on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle and the preset array gain interval; if the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, then adjusting and analyzing the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna element in the array antenna to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna, and repeating the array analysis, gain analysis and judgment analysis steps until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

[0008] Further, the specific steps of obtaining the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: reading the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna and performing comprehensive analysis to obtain the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna; for each test angle, respectively inputting the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna, the number of antenna elements in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna element, and the antenna operating frequency value into an array factor analysis model to perform array analysis and obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; wherein, the specific formula for calculating the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna is as follows: Wherein, JjZ is the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna, JL t is the antenna spacing value of the tth group of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna, t = 1, 2, 3, …, t0, and t0 is the number of groups of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna.

[0009] Further, the array factor analysis model is as follows: Wherein, ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the ith antenna element in the array antenna, e is the natural constant, j is the imaginary unit, and XW iis an initial phase value of an i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, π is a circular constant, f is an antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is a light speed, JjZ is an antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is a number of antenna units in the array antenna.

[0010] Further, the specific steps of obtaining the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: square amplitude analysis is performed on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle; the array square amplitudes of the array antenna at each test angle are arranged in descending order to obtain the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna; and the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna and the array square amplitudes of the array antenna at each test angle are input into an array gain analysis model for gain analysis to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle.

[0011] Further, the array gain analysis model is specifically as follows: wherein, ZY(θ) is the array gain of the array antenna at a test angle θ, |ZL(θ) 2 is the array square amplitude of the array antenna at the test angle θ, ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, ZL(θ′) 2 is the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna, θ′ is the test angle corresponding to the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna.

[0012] Further, the specific steps of obtaining the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: the array target gain of the array antenna at each test angle is obtained, and the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle, the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, and the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; and the initial current intensity value and the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna.

[0013] Further, the specific formulae for calculating the current intensity compensation value and the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: wherein, ΔDL i is the current intensity compensation value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, μ i is a current compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is an adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g is the array target gain of the array antenna at the g-th test angle θ, ZL(θ g) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, π is a constant, f is a value of an operating frequency of an antenna in the array antenna, c is a light speed, JjZ is an antenna element spacing index of the array antenna, DLT i is an initial current intensity value of the ith antenna element in the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is a number of antenna elements in the array antenna, g = 1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is a number of test angles. i is an initial current intensity value of the ith antenna element in the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is a number of antenna elements in the array antenna, g = 1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is a number of test angles.

[0014] Further, the specific steps of calculating the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna are as follows: the array target gain and the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle are analyzed by difference, to obtain the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle; the array gain errors of the array antenna at each test angle are analyzed by summation, to obtain the array gain error sum of the array antenna; the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle is analyzed by proportion with the array gain error sum of the array antenna, to obtain the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna.

[0015] Further, the specific steps of obtaining the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna are as follows: the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle is read, and is analyzed by combination with the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna respectively, to obtain the phase compensation value of each antenna element in the array antenna; the initial phase value and the phase compensation value of each antenna element in the array antenna are analyzed by combination, to obtain the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna; wherein, the specific formula of calculating the phase compensation value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna is as follows: wherein, ΔXW i is the phase compensation value of the ith antenna element in the array antenna, ω i is the phase compensation coefficient of the ith antenna element in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the gth test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the gth test angle θ, XWT i is the phase adjustment value of the ith antenna element in the array antenna, XW i is the initial phase value of the ith antenna element in the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is a number of antenna elements in the array antenna, g = 1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is a number of test angles.

[0016] The design system of the array antenna comprises a data acquisition module, an array analysis module, a gain analysis module and a judgment adjustment analysis module; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring initial data of the array antenna, wherein the initial data of the array antenna comprises a plurality of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, the initial phase value, the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units and the antenna operating frequency value; the array analysis module is used for performing array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; the gain analysis module is used for performing gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; and the judgment adjustment analysis module is used for performing judgment analysis on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle with respect to a preset array gain interval, and if the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, then the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are adjusted and analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and the array analysis, the gain analysis and the judgment analysis are repeated until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

[0017] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The design method of the array antenna gradually optimizes the current intensity and phase distribution of the antenna unit by array analysis and gain analysis on the initial data, combines the adjustment compensation model, ensures that the gain meets the preset interval requirement in all test angles, thereby not only improves the consistency of multi-angle gain, but also effectively reduces the calculation complexity of the optimization process, significantly improves the design efficiency, and is suitable for precise optimization requirements in multi-angle scenarios.

[0019] (2) The design method of the array antenna introduces the current intensity compensation and phase compensation model, dynamically adjusts the excitation parameters of the antenna unit by calculating the array gain error and the adjustment coefficient, especially provides an accurate correction scheme for angles with large gain deviation, gradually optimizes and adjusts the current intensity and phase value of each unit, can significantly improve the main lobe gain of the radiation pattern, make it reach the target design value, effectively suppress the side lobe gain, enhance the directivity and flexibility of the radiation pattern, thereby solving the problems of insufficient main lobe gain optimization and limited side lobe suppression ability in the prior art.

[0020] (3), the design method of the array antenna, through gradually analyzing and adjusting the antenna unit spacing index, the current intensity compensation value and the phase compensation value, realizes the automatic design optimization process, compared with the characteristics of the traditional global optimization algorithm relying on complex calculation, the method is based on gain error feedback, through the dynamic compensation mode to quickly adjust the current and phase distribution, thereby reducing the consumption of computing resources, at the same time, makes the design flexibility higher, in addition, relying on the dynamic compensation model, the optimization result has higher precision, can meet the higher requirement of array antenna design demand, especially in high performance pattern and complex application scene has obvious advantages.

[0021] (4), the design system of the array antenna, by dividing the design process of the whole array antenna into four modules of data acquisition, array analysis, gain analysis and judgment and adjustment analysis, the functions and implementation logic of each step are clear, this modular design method makes the design of array antenna more systematic and structured, it is convenient to flexibly call and combine the functions of each module in different application scenarios, at the same time, the system can quickly respond to the abnormal situation of the gain of the test angle through the automatic judgment and adjustment mechanism, realize the dynamic adjustment of the gain deviation, avoid the low efficiency and error accumulation problem caused by manual intervention, the overall system has high automation operation ability, significantly simplifies the complex array antenna design process, and improves the design precision and response efficiency.

[0022] Of course, it is not necessary to achieve all the advantages described above when implementing any product of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A flow chart of the array antenna design method of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 A flow chart of the specific steps of obtaining the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle in the array antenna design method of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 A block diagram of the array antenna design system of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The problems in the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0027] Firstly, initial data of the array antenna is acquired, including test angles, the number of antenna units, initial current intensity values, initial phase values, antenna spacing values of adjacent antenna units, and working frequency values of the antenna, to provide basic data for subsequent analysis, and array factor is calculated through array analysis of the initial data; then, gain analysis is performed based on the array factor to obtain array gain of each test angle, and whether the gain meets the preset gain interval is further analyzed through a gain analysis model, if the gain is not in the preset interval, current intensity adjustment values and phase adjustment values of each antenna unit are dynamically calculated through a current intensity and phase adjustment compensation model, array factor and gain analysis are repeated until the design target is met.

[0028] Referring to Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a technical scheme: a design method of an array antenna, comprising the following steps: acquiring initial data of the array antenna from a design target of the array antenna, wherein the initial data of the array antenna comprises a plurality of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, initial current intensity values of each antenna unit, initial phase values, antenna spacing values of each group of adjacent antenna units, and working frequency values of the antenna; performing array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain array factors of the array antenna at each test angle; performing gain analysis on the array factors of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain array gains of the array antenna at each test angle; and respectively judging and analyzing the array gains of the array antenna at each test angle with respect to a preset array gain interval; if the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, adjusting and analyzing the initial current intensity values and the initial phase values of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain current intensity adjustment values and phase adjustment values of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and repeating the array analysis, the gain analysis, and the judgment analysis until the array gains of the array antenna at each test angle are respectively within the preset array gain interval.

[0029] Specifically, the specific steps of obtaining the array factors of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: reading the antenna spacing values of each group of adjacent antenna units in the array antenna and comprehensively analyzing to obtain an antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna; for each test angle, the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity values of each antenna unit, the initial phase values, and the working frequency values are input into an array factor analysis model for array analysis to obtain the array factors of the array antenna at each test angle.

[0030] The specific formula for calculating the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna is as follows: Wherein, JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, JL tis the antenna spacing value of the tth group of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna, t = 1, 2, 3, …, t0, t0 is the number of groups of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna.

[0031] The array factor analysis model is specifically as follows: wherein, ZL(θ) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle θ, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the i th antenna element in the array antenna, e is a natural constant, and in the embodiment, the value is 2.718, j is an imaginary unit, and j 2 = -1, XW i is the initial phase value of the i th antenna element in the array antenna, π is a circular constant, and in the embodiment, the value is 3.14, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is the speed of light, and the value is 3*10 8 m / s, JjZ is the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna elements in the array antenna.

[0032] The specific implementation example of calculating the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle is as follows, and the following data is given:

[0033] The array antenna is composed of 4 antenna elements, and the test angles are 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in turn.

[0034] The initial current intensity values of the 4 antenna elements are 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0 in turn, and the unit is ampere.

[0035] The initial phase values of the 4 antenna elements are 0, π / 4, π / 2, and 3π / 4 in turn, and the unit is radian.

[0036] The antenna operating frequency value is 3*10 9 Hz.

[0037] The antenna element spacing index is 0.15, and the unit is meter.

[0038] The value of the natural constant e is 2.718.

[0039] The value of the circular constant π is 3.14.

[0040] The value of the speed of light c is 3*10 8 m / s.

[0041] The above data is respectively brought into the array factor analysis model, and the following is obtained:

[0042] The array factor of the array antenna at the test angle 0° is approximately -1.00-2.41j.

[0043] The array factor of the array antenna at the test angle of 30° is approximately 1.99-1.69j.

[0044] The array factor of the array antenna at the test angle of 60° is approximately -2.41-1.00j.

[0045] The array factor of the array antenna at the test angle of 90° is approximately 1.00+2.41j.

[0046] In this embodiment, by defining the antenna element spacing index formula, the spacing values of each adjacent antenna element in the antenna array can be comprehensively analyzed, the important parameters reflecting the overall array structure can be extracted, compared with directly using the fixed spacing value, the index can more comprehensively describe the geometric distribution characteristics of the antenna array, and more accurate input parameters are provided for subsequent array factor calculation. In addition, the formula has flexibility to adapt to different array antenna structures. Whether it is a uniform spacing or a non-uniform spacing array structure, the overall geometric characteristics can be effectively represented by calculating the spacing index. The array factor analysis model is introduced, and the initial current intensity value, phase value, antenna element spacing index, and working frequency of the antenna element are integrated into an analysis model through the formula, which effectively simplifies the calculation process. The model not only has clear physical meaning, but also can flexibly calculate the array factor at different test angles, so as to quickly obtain the radiation characteristics of the antenna array in each direction. This unified calculation framework improves the efficiency of array factor analysis, avoids complex manual derivation, and is suitable for various types of antenna array design. This part realizes the modular design of array factor calculation through parameterized formula, for example, the clear definition of basic physical constants such as natural constant e, imaginary unit j, circular constant π, and light speed c makes the model universal and can be extended to different types of antenna array scenarios. At the same time, the key parameters such as the number of antenna elements and the spacing index can be flexibly adjusted to support multi-dimensional optimization and application requirements in different scenarios. This parameterized modeling capability not only improves the universality of the scheme, but also provides powerful tool support for complex antenna array design.

[0047] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 the specific steps of obtaining the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: square amplitude analysis is performed on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle; the array square amplitudes of the array antenna at each test angle are arranged in descending order to obtain the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna; and the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna and the array square amplitudes of the array antenna at each test angle are input into the array gain analysis model for gain analysis to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle.

[0048] The array gain analysis model is as follows: wherein ZY(0) is the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle 0, |ZL(0) 2 is the array squared magnitude of the array antenna at the test angle 0, ZL(0) is the array factor of the array antenna at the test angle 0, |ZL(0') 2 is the maximum array squared magnitude of the array antenna, 0' is the test angle corresponding to the maximum array squared magnitude of the array antenna.

[0049] In this embodiment, by performing squared magnitude analysis on the array factor of each test angle, the radiation intensity at each angle is accurately calculated, forming the basis for accurate pattern evaluation, this analysis method can directly convert the complex characteristics (amplitude and phase) of the array factor into scalar squared magnitude which can be used for gain evaluation, providing more accurate and detailed data support for subsequent gain analysis, especially in multi-angle test scenarios, this method can effectively capture the radiation characteristics of each direction, helping to further optimize the main lobe gain and sidelobe suppression performance of the antenna, arranging the squared magnitudes of all test angles in descending order can quickly determine the maximum radiation intensity (maximum squared magnitude) of the array antenna and its corresponding main radiation direction, this analysis method not only provides data basis for the optimization of main lobe direction gain, but also provides the possibility for dynamic comparative analysis of gain at other test angles and main lobe gain through sorting and comparison, this process can help quickly identify sidelobe gain anomalies or directional deviation problems in test angles, providing important reference for subsequent pattern optimization, introducing an array gain analysis model, by normalizing the squared magnitude of each test angle with the maximum squared magnitude, the normalized array gain is directly obtained, compared with traditional gain calculation method, this model uses direct comparison of squared magnitude, significantly simplifies the calculation complexity, avoids complex normalization factor derivation, at the same time, this method ensures that the gain of the main lobe direction is normalized to 1, and the gain values of other test angles are represented in relative proportion, which can more intuitively reflect the radiation intensity distribution in different directions, improving the flexibility and interpretability of gain analysis, by comparing the gain results of test angles with the target design indicators in real time, the radiation performance differences of the array antenna at each test angle can be quickly identified, especially the gain anomalies in the main lobe direction and the sidelobe direction, this dynamic comparison-based analysis method helps to quickly iterate the current intensity and phase parameters, ensuring that the gain is within the target range at all test angles, ultimately improving the directional Figure 1 consistency and radiation performance of the antenna.

[0050] Specifically, the specific steps of obtaining the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: obtaining the array target gain of the array antenna at each test angle, and comprehensively analyzing the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle, the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, and the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna to obtain the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna; comprehensively analyzing the initial current intensity value and the current intensity compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna.

[0051] The specific formula for calculating the current intensity compensation value and the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: Where, ΔDL i is the current intensity compensation value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, μ i is the current compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the g-th test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the g-th test angle θ, π is the circular constant, and in this embodiment, the value is 3.14, f is the antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, c is the speed of light, and the value is 3×108m / s, JjZ is the antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, DLT i is the current intensity adjustment value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, DL i is the initial current intensity value of the i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, i=1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna units in the array antenna, g=1, 2, 3, …, g0, and g0 is the number of test angles.

[0052] In the embodiment, the current intensity compensation value and adjustment value of each antenna unit are calculated by formula, combined with comprehensive parameters such as array gain, target gain, antenna operating frequency and spacing index, the influence of each antenna unit on the overall array performance at different test angles can be accurately captured, compared with the traditional global optimization method, this method can more specifically adjust the parameters of a single antenna unit, ensure that the contribution of each unit to the array performance reaches the best state, thereby improving the radiation performance of the entire array, this method introduces error calculation between target gain and actual gain, clearly defines the gain adjustment requirement of each test angle, and further uses adjustment coefficient to distribute to the compensation calculation of each antenna unit, this dynamic correction mechanism based on error feedback can efficiently deal with the gain deviation problem under multiple test angles, so that the gain of the antenna array at all test angles can meet the design target, significantly improving the consistency of the multi-angle radiation pattern, the current intensity adjustment formula introduces compensation coefficient, adjustment coefficient, spacing index and other parameters to build an automatic optimization process, so that the adjustment of current intensity has strong flexibility and adaptability, compared with the traditional manual adjustment or complex global optimization algorithm, this method can automatically calculate the current compensation value of each unit and complete the final adjustment, simplifying the design process, saving a lot of calculation time and manual operation cost, especially suitable for rapid iteration optimization in complex scenarios, by combining the target gain and actual gain of different test angles, the dynamic compensation scheme of current intensity can quickly respond to abnormal situations in the array radiation pattern, this dynamic optimization capability ensures the maximization of main lobe gain and the effective suppression of side lobe, providing strong technical support for global optimization of array radiation pattern, improving the design adaptation ability of antenna in multiple scenarios and multiple demands.

[0053] Specifically, the specific steps of calculating the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna are as follows: difference analysis is performed on the array target gain and array gain of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle; the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle is summed to obtain the array gain error sum of the array antenna; the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle is analyzed by proportion with the array gain error sum of the array antenna to obtain the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna.

[0054] In this embodiment, by analyzing the difference between the actual array gain and the target gain at each test angle, the gain deviation of each test angle can be determined. This error calculation method can provide accurate quantitative basis for each test angle, effectively identify the problem angles in the directional diagram, and provide a clear direction for subsequent adjustment, avoiding the problems of blindness and inefficiency in traditional adjustment. By summing the gain errors of all test angles, the global gain error sum of the entire array antenna is obtained. This comprehensive evaluation method can not only reflect the deviation of the overall performance of the array antenna, but also provide reliable data support for global optimization in multi-angle scenarios. Compared with adjusting each angle separately, global error analysis can better allocate resources and optimize the performance of the entire directional diagram. By analyzing the proportion of the gain error of each test angle and the global gain error sum, the adjustment coefficient of each test angle can be dynamically calculated. This adjustment mechanism based on proportion ensures the rationality of the adjustment range, so that angles with larger gain errors obtain higher adjustment weights, while angles with smaller gain errors are less affected by adjustment. Compared with the traditional uniform adjustment method, this dynamic allocation method can quickly reduce the error range and significantly improve the optimization efficiency. By independently calculating the adjustment coefficient for each test angle and optimizing the allocation based on the global error, the gain deviation of each test angle can be corrected. This method is particularly suitable for directional diagram optimization in multi-angle scenarios, which can maximize the main lobe gain while effectively controlling the sidelobe gain, thereby further improving the directionality and overall performance of the array antenna. Figure 1 The calculation of the adjustment coefficient is based on the dynamic comparison of the actual gain and the target gain, as well as the proportion analysis of the global error. This flexible calculation method makes the adjustment mechanism adaptable to different scenarios and optimization tasks, whether it is a high gain scenario or a low sidelobe scenario. It can provide targeted adjustment strategies, significantly enhancing the adaptability and versatility of the design scheme.

[0055] Specifically, the specific steps of obtaining the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna are as follows: read the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle, and respectively combine the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna for comprehensive analysis to obtain the phase compensation value of each antenna element in the array antenna; and comprehensively analyze the initial phase value and the phase compensation value of each antenna element in the array antenna to obtain the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna.

[0056] The specific formula for calculating the phase compensation value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna is as follows: wherein, ΔXW i is the phase compensation value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, ω iis the phase compensation coefficient of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna stored in the database, ζ g is the adjustment coefficient of the g-th test angle of the array antenna, MZL(θ g ) is the array target gain of the array antenna at the g-th test angle θ, ZL(θ g ) is the array gain of the array antenna at the g-th test angle θ, XWT i is the phase adjustment value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, XW i is the initial phase value of the i-th antenna element in the array antenna, i = 1, 2, 3, …, i0, i0 is the number of antenna elements in the array antenna, g = 1, 2, 3, …, g0, g0 is the number of test angles.

[0057] In this embodiment, by calculating the phase compensation value of each antenna element, combining the gain error and the adjustment coefficient, accurate phase correction can be provided for the antenna element under each test angle. This dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that the phase of each antenna element can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual gain, avoiding the problem of performance degradation of the directional pattern caused by inaccurate initial phase, thereby significantly improving the radiation performance of the antenna array. This method realizes efficient coupling optimization of global performance and local adjustment by combining the gain error of each test angle with the phase compensation model. Specifically, the global gain error is distributed to each antenna element through the adjustment coefficient, guiding the calculation of local phase compensation, so that the optimization process is more efficient and accurate. Compared with single global optimization or local optimization, this coupled optimization method can more comprehensively improve the overall performance of the array antenna. By gradually adjusting the phase compensation value of the antenna element, the directional Figure 1 consistency under different test angles is ensured. This adjustment mechanism not only maximizes the main lobe gain, but also effectively suppresses the side lobe gain, improving the overall characteristics of the directional pattern. In addition, the calculation of the phase adjustment value is based on dynamic error feedback, which can quickly respond to the needs of different application scenarios, improving the flexibility and adaptability of antenna array design. This part divides the phase adjustment into two steps of compensation calculation and adjustment synthesis. The compensation value is calculated through explicit formula, and the final adjustment value is obtained by combining the initial phase. This step-by-step optimization process avoids complex global phase optimization algorithms, significantly reducing the computational complexity while maintaining the accuracy of the optimization results. Especially in complex array scenarios with multiple antenna elements and multiple test angles, this optimization method is more efficient. The calculation of the phase compensation value is based on the difference between the target gain and the actual gain of the test angle, which can be finely adjusted for each test angle. This error-driven optimization method not only improves the stability of the array antenna, but also enhances its robustness to changes in different environments and demands, ensuring that the antenna performance is always in the best state.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 3The embodiment of the application provides a technical scheme: a design system of an array antenna, comprising: a data acquisition module, an array analysis module, a gain analysis module, and a judgment and adjustment analysis module; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring initial data of the array antenna, and the initial data of the array antenna comprises a plurality of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, the initial phase value, the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and the antenna operating frequency value; the array analysis module is used for performing array analysis on the initial data of the array antenna to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; the gain analysis module is used for performing gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; and the judgment and adjustment analysis module is used for performing judgment and analysis on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle and a preset array gain interval respectively, and if the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, then the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are adjusted and analyzed to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna, and the array analysis, the gain analysis, and the judgment and adjustment analysis are repeated until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

[0059] In summary, the application has at least the following effects:

[0060] Through array analysis and gain analysis on the initial data, combined with the adjustment compensation model, the current intensity and phase distribution of the antenna units are gradually optimized, the gain in all test angles is ensured to meet the preset interval requirement, thereby not only improving the consistency of multi-angle gain, but also effectively reducing the calculation complexity of the optimization process, significantly improving the design efficiency, and being suitable for precise optimization requirements in multi-angle scenarios.

[0061] The current intensity compensation and phase compensation model are introduced, the array gain error and the adjustment coefficient are calculated, the excitation parameters of the antenna units are dynamically adjusted, especially a precise correction scheme is provided for angles with large gain deviation, the current intensity and phase value of each unit are gradually optimized and adjusted, the main lobe gain of the radiation pattern can be significantly improved to reach the target design value, and the sidelobe gain is effectively suppressed, the directivity and flexibility of the radiation pattern are enhanced, thereby solving the problems of insufficient main lobe gain optimization and limited sidelobe suppression capability in the prior art.

[0062] By adjusting the antenna element spacing index, current intensity compensation value and phase compensation value step by step, an automatic design optimization process is realized. Compared with the traditional global optimization algorithm which relies on complex calculation, this method is based on gain error feedback and quickly adjusts the current and phase distribution through dynamic compensation, thereby reducing the consumption of computing resources and making the design more flexible. In addition, relying on the dynamic compensation model, the optimization result has higher accuracy and can meet the design requirements of higher requirement array antennas, especially in high performance pattern and complex application scenarios.

[0063] By dividing the entire array antenna design process into four modules of data acquisition, array analysis, gain analysis and judgment and adjustment analysis, the functions and implementation logic of each step are clarified. This modular design makes the array antenna design more systematic and structured, facilitating the flexible invocation and combination of module functions in different application scenarios. At the same time, through the automatic judgment and adjustment mechanism, the system can quickly respond to abnormal situations of test angle gain and realize dynamic adjustment of gain deviation, avoiding the low efficiency and error accumulation caused by manual intervention. The overall system has high automation operation ability, significantly simplifies the complex array antenna design process, and improves the design accuracy and response efficiency.

[0064] Although the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present application.

[0065] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method of designing an array antenna, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining array antenna initial data, the array antenna initial data comprising a plurality of test angles, a number of antenna elements in the array antenna, an initial current intensity value of each antenna element, an initial phase value, an antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna elements, and an antenna operating frequency value; performing array analysis on the array antenna initial data to obtain an array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; performing gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain an array gain of the array antenna at each test angle; judging and analyzing the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle with respect to a preset array gain interval, respectively; if the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, adjusting and analyzing the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna element in the array antenna to obtain a current intensity adjustment value and a phase adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna, and repeating the array analysis, the gain analysis, and the judgment analysis until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval, respectively; the specific steps of obtaining the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: reading the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna and performing comprehensive analysis to obtain an antenna element spacing index of the array antenna; for each test angle, inputting the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna, the number of antenna elements in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna element, and the antenna operating frequency value into an array factor analysis model to perform array analysis and obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle; wherein the specific formula for calculating the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna is as follows: ； wherein is an antenna element spacing index for the array antenna, is an antenna spacing value for a group of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna, = 1, 2, 3,..., , is a number of groups of adjacent antenna elements in the array antenna.

2. The method of designing an array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the array factor analysis model is as follows: ； wherein, is an array factor of the array antenna at a test angle , is an initial current intensity value of an th antenna unit in the array antenna, is a natural constant, is an imaginary unit, is an initial phase value of an th antenna unit in the array antenna, is a circular constant, is an antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, is a light speed, is an antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, = 1, 2, 3, …, , is a number of antenna units in the array antenna.

3. The method of designing an array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of obtaining the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle are as follows: performing square amplitude analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain an array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle; performing descending order arrangement on the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain a maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna; inputting the maximum array square amplitude of the array antenna and the array square amplitude of the array antenna at each test angle into an array gain analysis model to perform gain analysis and obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle.

4. The method of designing an array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the array gain analysis model is as follows: ； wherein, Garrayis the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle Garrayis the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle Garrayis the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle Garrayis the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle Garrayis the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle Garrayis the array gain of the array antenna at the test angle Garrayis the maximum array square magnitude of the array antenna, Garrayis the maximum array square magnitude of the array antenna, 5. The method of designing an array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of obtaining the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna are as follows: obtaining an array target gain of the array antenna at each test angle, and performing comprehensive analysis on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle, the antenna operating frequency value of the array antenna, and the antenna element spacing index of the array antenna to obtain a current intensity compensation value of each antenna element in the array antenna; performing comprehensive analysis on the initial current intensity value and the current intensity compensation value of each antenna element in the array antenna to obtain the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna element in the array antenna.

6. The method of designing an array antenna according to claim 5, wherein The specific formula for calculating the current intensity compensation value and the current intensity adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: ； wherein, is a current intensity compensation value of an i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, is a current compensation coefficient of an i-th antenna unit in the array antenna stored in the database, is an adjustment coefficient of an i-th test angle of the array antenna, is an array target gain of the array antenna at an i-th test angle is an array gain of the array antenna at an i-th test angle is a constant of pi, is an antenna operating frequency value in the array antenna, is a speed of light, is an antenna unit spacing index of the array antenna, is a current intensity adjustment value of an i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, is an initial current intensity value of an i-th antenna unit in the array antenna, =1, 2, 3, …, , , is a number of antenna units in the array antenna, =1, 2, 3, …, , is a number of test angles.​​​​​​​​ 7. The method of designing an array antenna according to claim 6, wherein, The specific steps for calculating the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna are as follows: Differential analysis is performed on the array target gain and the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle. Summation analysis is performed on the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain error sum of the array antenna. The adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna is obtained by performing proportion analysis on the array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle and the array gain error sum of the array antenna.

8. The method of designing an array antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The specific steps for obtaining the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna are as follows: The array gain error of the array antenna at each test angle is read and combined with the adjustment coefficient of each test angle in the array antenna for comprehensive analysis to obtain the phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna. Comprehensive analysis is performed on the initial phase value and the phase compensation value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna. The specific formula for calculating the phase compensation value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna is as follows: ； wherein, is a phase compensation value of an i-th antenna unit in an array antenna, is a phase compensation coefficient of an i-th antenna unit in an array antenna stored in a database, is an adjustment coefficient of an i-th test angle of an array antenna, is an array target gain of an array antenna at an i-th test angle, is an array gain of an array antenna at an i-th test angle, is a phase adjustment value of an i-th antenna unit in an array antenna, is an initial phase value of an i-th antenna unit in an array antenna, =1, 2, 3, …, , , is a number of antenna units in an array antenna, =1, 2, 3, …, , is a number of test angles.​​​​​​​​ 9. A design system of an array antenna, which applies the design method of the array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, It includes: a data acquisition module, an array analysis module, a gain analysis module, and a judgment adjustment analysis module. The data acquisition module is configured to acquire array antenna initial data, which includes a plurality of test angles, the number of antenna units in the array antenna, the initial current intensity value of each antenna unit, the initial phase value, the antenna spacing value of each group of adjacent antenna units, and the antenna operating frequency value. The array analysis module is configured to perform array analysis on the array antenna initial data to obtain the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle. The gain analysis module is configured to perform gain analysis on the array factor of the array antenna at each test angle to obtain the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle. The judgment adjustment analysis module is configured to perform judgment analysis on the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle and a preset array gain interval. If the array gain of the array antenna at a certain test angle is outside the preset array gain interval, adjustment analysis is performed on the initial current intensity value and the initial phase value of each antenna unit in the array antenna to obtain the current intensity adjustment value and the phase adjustment value of each antenna unit in the array antenna. The array analysis, gain analysis, and judgment analysis steps are repeated until the array gain of the array antenna at each test angle is within the preset array gain interval.

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