Battery pack adapter and combination of battery pack adapter and battery pack

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack adapter. The battery pack adapter comprises an AC input interface; the primary power supply conversion module is connected with the AC input interface, receives alternating current input and converts the alternating current into first direct current through primary rectification filtering; the transformer is arranged between the primary power supply conversion module and the secondary function output module for voltage reduction; the secondary function output module comprises an adapter electric terminal and a USB output interface, and is suitable for outputting second direct current through secondary rectification filtering; the controller is electrically connected with the secondary function output module to control the second direct current to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal and / or the USB output interface. According to the technical scheme, the dual functions of tool battery pack charging and consumer electronic equipment charging are achieved only through single equipment, and battery pack adapters of multiple chargers do not need to be carried. In addition, the invention also relates to a combination of the battery pack adapter and the battery pack based on the adapter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of charging, and in particular to a battery pack adapter, and a combination of a battery pack adapter and a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] With the popularity of power tools and consumer electronic devices, users have increasing demands for the compatibility, efficiency and portability of charging devices. Traditional chargers (such as CN104578231A) have the following problems: Single function: Traditional tool battery pack chargers only support a single charging port and cannot power mobile phones, laptops and other devices; and consumer-grade fast charging heads are not compatible with tool battery packs; Size contradiction: In order to meet high power requirements, traditional silicon-based chargers need to use large transformers and heat dissipation structures, which makes them less portable.

[0003] Thus, Chinese patent CN112087014A discloses a charging method using a combination of multiple adapters, but it needs to rely on a combination of multiple different adapters, which is inconvenient to use and carry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a battery pack adapter that can realize the dual functions of charging a tool battery pack and charging a consumer electronic device through only a single device, without the need to carry multiple chargers.

[0005] The present application provides a battery pack adapter, comprising: The adapter electrical terminal is configured to be detachably coupled to the battery pack electrical terminal; and further comprises: AC input interface and USB output interface; A primary power conversion module, connected to the AC input interface, receives an AC power input and converts it into a first DC power through primary rectification and filtering; A secondary functional output module, which is suitable for outputting a second direct current through secondary rectification and filtering; A transformer, which is disposed between the primary power conversion module and the secondary function output module for voltage reduction; A controller is electrically connected to the secondary function output module to control the second direct current to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal and / or the USB output interface.

[0006] Further, the primary power conversion module includes a flyback switching power supply; The flyback switching power supply includes a flyback PWM control chip and a first switch tube. The flyback PWM control chip is suitable for generating a PWM signal to control the on / off of the first switch tube and cooperates with the transformer to realize energy conversion.

[0007] Furthermore, the flyback PWM control chip is also suitable for connecting to a feedback control circuit to receive a feedback signal to adjust the duty cycle of the first switch tube, and the feedback control circuit is connected to the controller.

[0008] Furthermore, the first switch tube is a high-voltage MOS device.

[0009] Furthermore, the first switch tube is a gallium nitride MOS device.

[0010] Furthermore, the flyback switching power supply further includes an RCD absorption circuit, and the RCD absorption circuit is used to suppress voltage spikes and protect the first switching tube from breakdown.

[0011] Further, the secondary function output module includes a protocol control unit; The protocol control unit automatically matches the PD / QC protocol by integrating the PD / QC fast charging protocol chip to realize the output of the USB output interface.

[0012] Furthermore, a second switch tube is serially connected on the output path corresponding to the electrical terminal of the adapter to control the charging of the battery pack; A third switch tube is serially connected on the output path corresponding to the USB output interface to control the discharge of the USB output interface; The controller communicates and identifies with the battery pack, and is suitable for controlling the on / off of the second switch tube and the third switch tube respectively through a PWM signal.

[0013] Further, the controller is adapted to communicate with the battery pack to obtain battery pack parameters when detecting that the adapter electrical terminal is connected to the battery pack, and the controller controls the second switch tube to be turned on and the third switch tube to be turned off to independently control the charging of the battery pack; and / or; The controller is adapted to detect that the USB output interface is plugged into a device, communicate with the device through the protocol control unit, negotiate the output voltage, and control the third switch tube to turn on and the second switch tube to turn off, so as to control the USB interface output alone; and / or; When the controller detects that both the battery pack and the USB device are connected, the controller communicates with the battery pack to obtain the charging requirements and negotiates the output request with the USB device. The controller controls the second switch tube and the third switch tube to be turned on to simultaneously control the battery pack charging and the USB interface output.

[0014] Furthermore, when the adapter power terminal and the USB output interface are used simultaneously, the total output power limit of the second direct current is constant, and most of the power is allocated to the adapter power terminal according to a preset allocation logic to prioritize charging of the battery pack, and the remaining small portion of the power is allocated to the USB output interface to limit the power output of the USB output interface.

[0015] Furthermore, the total power is no more than 100W, and in order to ensure that the adapter charges the battery pack preferentially, a buck-boost circuit arranged between the protocol control unit and the USB output interface limits the output of the USB output interface to at least 5V / 2A.

[0016] Furthermore, when there is no AC input to the AC input interface, the battery pack adapter is suitable for reversely supplying output to the USB output interface through the battery pack connected thereto.

[0017] Furthermore, the controller monitors the voltage of the AC input interface in real time through a voltage detection circuit. When it is detected that the AC voltage is lower than a preset threshold, it is determined that the AC input is disconnected. The controller is suitable for switching to a reverse power supply mode to activate a discharge path from the battery pack to the USB output interface.

[0018] Furthermore, the controller is suitable for turning on the second switch tube of the adapter electrical terminal path, and turning on the third switch tube of the USB output interface discharge path to connect the USB output interface via the step-down circuit for output.

[0019] Furthermore, on the reverse power supply path, the third switch tube is arranged at the front end of the second switch tube to allow current to flow through the turned-on second switch tube to the turned-on third switch tube, and is electrically isolated by the transformer to prevent current from flowing back into the unloaded primary power conversion module.

[0020] Furthermore, the reverse supply of the battery pack to the USB output interface is controlled by a key switch.

[0021] Furthermore, the USB output interface is a unidirectional type-c interface.

[0022] Furthermore, it comprises a single housing, wherein the AC input interface, the primary power conversion module, the transformer, the secondary function output module and the controller are all assembled in the housing, wherein: The outer dimensions of the shell are not greater than the outer dimensions of the battery pack connected thereto.

[0023] Furthermore, the outer dimensions of the shell are not greater than 100 mm×80 mm×55 mm.

[0024] Furthermore, the outer dimensions of the shell are not greater than 95 mm×78 mm×50 mm.

[0025] Furthermore, the transformer is a planar transformer.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: The adapter provided by the technical solution is equipped with a universal AC input interface, which can be connected to common AC power. The primary power conversion module cooperates with the transformer to effectively convert AC power into DC power, and converts the input AC power into the first DC power through primary rectification and filtering, so as to provide a suitable DC power supply for the subsequent charging function. The secondary function output module includes an adapter power terminal and a USB output interface. The adapter power terminal can be detachably coupled with the power terminal of the tool battery pack to charge the tool battery pack; and the USB output interface can be connected to a consumer electronic device to provide power support for it; The controller is electrically connected to the secondary function output module, and can control the second DC power to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal and / or the USB output interface according to different connection conditions and device requirements. Specifically: First discharge mode: when only the adapter electrical terminal is detected to be connected to the battery pack, the controller allocates all power to the battery pack charging, thereby realizing the separate charging of the tool battery pack; Second discharge mode: when only the USB output interface is detected to be plugged into a consumer electronic device, the controller uses all the power for USB interface output to charge the consumer electronic device; Mixed mode: When both the battery pack and the USB device are detected, the controller will communicate with the battery pack to obtain the charging requirements and negotiate the output request with the USB device. Then the power distribution is performed according to the preset distribution logic.

[0027] Another battery pack adapter provided by the present application includes: an adapter electrical terminal configured to be coupled to a battery pack electrical terminal; and further comprising: AC input interface and USB output interface; A primary power conversion module, connected to the AC input interface, receives an AC power input and converts it into a first DC power through primary rectification and filtering; A secondary function output module, which is suitable for outputting a second direct current; A transformer, which is arranged between the primary power conversion module and the secondary function output module and is used for voltage reduction; a controller electrically connected to the secondary function output module to control the second direct current to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal and / or the USB output interface; Among them, the primary power conversion module includes a flyback switching power supply, and the flyback switching power supply generates a PWM signal by a flyback PWM control chip to control the on / off of the gallium nitride MOS device, and cooperates with the transformer to realize energy conversion.

[0028] Furthermore, the flyback PWM control chip is connected to a feedback control circuit, receives a feedback signal to adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal, thereby controlling the on and off states of the gallium nitride MOS device, the feedback control circuit communicates with the controller, and the flyback switching power supply also includes an RCD absorption circuit to suppress voltage spikes.

[0029] Furthermore, the secondary function output module includes a protocol control unit, which integrates a PD / QC fast charging protocol chip for automatically matching the PD / QC protocol to achieve protocol handshake and output regulation of the USB output interface.

[0030] Furthermore, a second switch tube is serially connected on the output path corresponding to the electrical terminal of the adapter to control the charging of the battery pack; A third switch tube is serially connected on the output path corresponding to the USB output interface to control the discharge of the USB output interface; The controller communicates with the battery pack to obtain battery pack parameters, and controls the on / off of the second switch tube and the third switch tube respectively through PWM signals to achieve the following modes: The first discharge mode: the second switch tube is controlled to be turned on and the third switch tube is turned off to charge the battery pack alone; Second discharge mode: control the third switch tube to be turned on and the second switch tube to be turned off, and supply power to the USB output interface alone; Mixed mode: The second switch tube and the third switch tube are controlled to be turned on at the same time, and power is distributed according to the preset priority.

[0031] Furthermore, when the adapter power terminal and the USB output interface are used simultaneously, the total power of the second direct current is limited to no more than 100W and is allocated according to the following logic: Prioritize power allocation to the adapter electrical terminal to ensure battery pack charging, and allocate the remaining power to the USB output interface; The output power of the USB output interface is limited to at least 5V / 2A.

[0032] Further, when there is no AC input at the AC input interface, the controller determines that the AC is disconnected through the voltage detection circuit, and switches to the reverse power supply mode, performing the following operations: A second switch tube for conducting the adapter electrical terminal path; The third switch tube of the USB output interface path is turned on, and the battery pack voltage is converted and output to the USB output interface through the step-down circuit.

[0033] Furthermore, the reverse power supply mode is triggered by a key switch, and the USB output interface is a unidirectional Type-C interface.

[0034] Furthermore, the battery pack adapter is integrated into a single shell, the outer dimensions of the shell are no greater than 100 mm×80 mm×55 mm, and the transformer is a planar transformer.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: The adapter provided by this technical solution is compatible with charging tool battery packs and consumer electronic devices as mentioned above. On the other hand, the flyback switching power supply combines a flyback PWM control chip with a gallium nitride MOS device to achieve efficient power conversion.

[0036] Gallium nitride MOS devices have the characteristics of low on-resistance and high switching speed, which can effectively reduce switching loss and conduction loss. Under high-frequency working state, they can turn on and off more quickly, making the power loss smaller during the energy conversion process, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire adapter. Compared with traditional power conversion solutions, it can significantly reduce heat generation and improve power density. The flyback PWM control chip can adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal according to the feedback signal, and then control the on and off time of the gallium nitride MOS device, which enables the transformer to accurately perform step-down operations according to actual needs, ensuring the stability of the voltage of the first DC and the second DC output, and providing stable and reliable power for charging the battery pack and powering USB devices.

[0037] In addition, on the one hand, GaN MOS devices have high voltage resistance and can withstand the high voltage shock generated by the flyback switching power supply during operation, reducing the risk of device damage due to overvoltage and improving the reliability and stability of the entire adapter; on the other hand, GaN MOS devices are suitable for working in high-frequency environments, which enables the flyback switching power supply to perform energy conversion at a higher frequency. High-frequency operation can not only reduce the volume and weight of magnetic components such as transformers, but also reduce output ripple and improve the quality of the output power supply.

[0038] The present application provides a battery pack adapter, comprising: an adapter electrical terminal configured and adapted to couple with a battery pack electrical terminal; An AC input interface for receiving an alternating current input; Type-C output interface; A primary power conversion module, connected to the AC input interface, comprising a gallium nitride high-frequency resonant flyback conversion circuit, for converting alternating current into a first direct current; The secondary function output module includes: A synchronous rectification circuit converts the high frequency signal on the secondary side of the transformer into a second direct current; a dynamic power distribution unit, which distributes the second direct current to the adapter power terminal and / or the Type-C output interface according to a preset priority; A high-frequency transformer, connected between the primary power conversion module and the secondary function output module, for reducing voltage; A controller is electrically connected to the secondary function output module and performs the following operations: By communicating with the battery pack, controlling the adapter electrical terminal to charge the battery pack in a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) mode; Handshake with USB devices through PD / QC protocol chip to dynamically match output voltage; When there is no AC input, the battery pack reverse power supply mode is activated to step down the battery pack voltage and output it to the Type-C output interface.

[0039] Furthermore, the operating frequency of the high frequency transformer is ≥20kHz.

[0040] Furthermore, the total power of the dynamic power allocation unit does not exceed 100W.

[0041] Furthermore, the total power of the dynamic power allocation unit is 45W.

[0042] Furthermore, the battery pack adapter is integrated into a single shell, and the outer dimensions of the shell are not larger than the outer dimensions of the battery pack connected thereto.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: The adapter provided by this technical solution uses a gallium nitride high-frequency resonant flyback conversion circuit in the primary power conversion module. Gallium nitride (GaN) material has the characteristics of high electron mobility and low on-resistance, which greatly improves the switching speed and can work at high frequencies. The high-frequency resonant flyback conversion circuit combined with gallium nitride devices can significantly reduce switching losses and conduction losses and improve power conversion efficiency. Compared with traditional silicon-based devices, it can achieve higher power density in a smaller volume, reduce heat generation, and improve energy utilization.

[0044] The planar transformer is connected between the primary and secondary modules. On the one hand, its planar structure is compact and occupies little space, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the adapter. On the other hand, its low leakage inductance and distributed capacitance characteristics can also reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI), improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the adapter, and make the adapter more stable and reliable during operation.

[0045] In terms of functional implementation: a single device can be used to charge different types of devices, meeting the diverse charging needs of users and avoiding the inconvenience of carrying multiple chargers; moreover, the dynamic power allocation unit can allocate the second DC power to the adapter power terminal and / or Type-C output interface according to the preset priority. When the battery pack and USB device are connected at the same time, power can be allocated reasonably, for example: battery pack charging is prioritized, while providing appropriate power to USB devices, ensuring that each device can be charged normally, improving charging efficiency and resource utilization.

[0046] In addition, the controller communicates with the battery pack to control the adapter electrical terminals to charge the battery pack in constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) mode. In the initial charging stage, the constant current mode is used to charge the battery pack at a faster rate; when the battery pack voltage is close to full charge, it automatically switches to constant voltage mode to avoid overcharging and protect the safety and life of the battery pack. The controller shakes hands with the USB device through the PD / QC protocol chip and can dynamically match the output voltage, so that the adapter can automatically adjust the output voltage and current according to the fast charging protocol supported by different USB devices, realize fast charging function, shorten charging time and improve user experience.

[0047] Moreover, it also has a reverse power supply function. When there is no AC input, the controller can activate the battery pack reverse power supply mode and step down the battery pack voltage to output it to the Type-C output interface. This provides convenience for users to use the battery pack for emergency charging of USB devices in the absence of an external power supply, enhancing the practicality and emergency capabilities of the adapter.

[0048] The present application also relates to a combination of a battery pack adapter and a battery pack, which includes: A battery pack adapter as described above; and, a battery pack; The battery pack adapter is suitable for being inserted parallel to the opening direction of the battery pack electrical terminal and mating therewith so as to couple the adapter electrical terminal with the battery pack electrical terminal.

[0049] The combination of the battery pack adapter and the battery pack of the present invention has all the above-mentioned beneficial technical effects, which will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0051] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the matching structure of a battery pack adapter and a battery pack according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack adapter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 : An exploded schematic diagram of the matching structure of a battery pack adapter and a battery pack according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the battery pack adapter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of the first discharge mode of the battery pack adapter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 : Schematic diagram of the second discharge mode of the battery pack adapter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of a hybrid mode of a battery pack adapter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of the reverse power supply mode of the battery pack adapter according to a specific embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 : Schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack adapter with multiple sets of electrical terminals according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a battery pack adapter 100 provided in the present application includes an adapter electrical terminal 11, an AC input interface 10, a primary power conversion module 15, a transformer 16, a secondary function output module 17, and a controller 18.

[0054] The adapter electrical terminal 11 is configured to be suitable for detachable coupling with the battery pack electrical terminal 20. Specifically, the coupling means electrical connection and mechanical connection. For example, the adapter electrical terminal 11 is a male plug made of conductive material, and the battery pack electrical terminal 20 is correspondingly a female socket made of conductive material. When the battery pack adapter 100 and the battery pack 200 are assembled and connected, the male plug can be inserted into the female socket of the battery pack 200, and the female socket can mechanically clamp the male plug, and the two form an electrical connection and a mechanical connection. In this embodiment, the adapter electrical terminal 11 is a group of electrical terminals, suitable for plugging in a battery pack. Specifically, the group of adapter electrical terminals 11 includes at least positive and negative electrical terminals and communication terminals. Of course, in other embodiments, the adapter electrical terminals 11 can also be multiple groups of electrical terminals, suitable for plugging in multiple battery packs (such as Fig. 9 as shown).

[0055] The AC input interface 10 can be directly connected to the mains (such as 220V AC) or an external AC power source via an AC cable to receive AC power. More preferably, the AC input interface 10 can allow a wide voltage input, such as 100V-240V, to adapt to global power grid standards.

[0056] The primary power conversion module 15 is connected to the AC input interface 10, receives AC power input and converts it into a first DC power through primary rectification and filtering. Specifically, the AC power is converted into pulsating DC power through a rectifier bridge, and then filtered by capacitors and inductors to generate a smooth first DC power (such as high voltage 300V).

[0057] The transformer 16 is arranged between the primary power conversion module 15 and the secondary function output module 17 for voltage reduction. Specifically, the transformer 16 is preferably a high-frequency transformer, and its operating frequency is ≥20kHz, such as 50kHZ. Further, in order to reduce the size of the battery pack adapter 100, the high-frequency transformer can be a planar transformer.

[0058] The secondary function output module 17 includes an adapter electrical terminal 11 and a USB output interface 12. The adapter electrical terminal 11 can be detachably coupled to the electrical terminal of the tool battery pack 200 to charge the tool battery pack 200; the secondary function output module 17 includes at least one USB output interface 12. In the present embodiment, the USB output interface 12 can be connected to USB devices, including but not limited to powering other mobile devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers; after the transformer 16 steps down the voltage, the secondary function output module 17 generates a stable second direct current (such as a low voltage of 21V) through secondary rectification and filtering.

[0059] The controller 18 is electrically connected to the secondary function output module 17 to control the second DC power to be selectively distributed to the adapter power terminal 11 and / or the USB output interface 12 .

[0060] Specifically, the controller 18 is electrically connected to the secondary function output module 17, and can control the second DC power to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal 11 and / or the USB output interface 12 according to different connection conditions and device requirements; more specifically: The first discharge mode (refer to Figure 5 As shown): When it is detected that only the adapter electrical terminal 11 is connected to the battery pack 200, the controller 18 allocates all power to the battery pack 200 for charging, thereby realizing the separate charging of the tool battery pack 200; The second discharge mode (refer to Figure 6 As shown): When it is detected that only the USB device is plugged into the USB output interface 12, the controller 18 uses all the power for USB interface output to charge the USB device; Blending Mode (see Figure 7 As shown in the figure): When the battery pack 200 and the USB device are detected to be connected at the same time, the controller 18 communicates with the battery pack 200 to obtain the charging demand and negotiates the output request with the USB device. Then, the power is allocated according to the preset allocation logic (which will be explained below).

[0061] Further references Figure 4 As shown, the primary power conversion module 15 includes a flyback switching power supply; the flyback switching power supply includes a flyback PWM control chip and a first switch tube. The flyback PWM control chip generates a PWM signal to control the first switch tube 150 to turn on / off, and cooperates with the transformer 16 to achieve energy conversion.

[0062] Continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the flyback PWM control chip is also suitable for connecting to a feedback control circuit, receiving a feedback signal to adjust the duty cycle of the first switch tube 150 , and the feedback control circuit is connected to the controller 18 .

[0063] Furthermore, the first switch tube 150 is a high-voltage MOS device, preferably a gallium nitride MOS device.

[0064] Specifically, when the PWM signal generated by the flyback PWM control chip is at a high level, the first switch tube 150 (such as a gallium nitride MOS device) is turned on. At this time, the input DC power of the primary power conversion module 15 is applied to the primary coil of the transformer 16, the current flows in the primary coil, and the iron core of the transformer 16 begins to store magnetic energy.

[0065] When the PWM signal becomes low level, the first switch tube 150 (such as a gallium nitride MOS device) is turned off. The current in the primary coil is suddenly interrupted, and according to the law of electromagnetic induction, the magnetic energy in the iron core of the transformer 16 begins to be released. At this time, the polarity of the voltage induced by the secondary coil is reversed, and the stored magnetic energy is converted into electrical energy through the secondary coil, and is output as a second direct current after passing through the secondary rectifier filter circuit to power subsequent loads (such as battery packs and USB devices).

[0066] Continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the feedback control circuit is electrically connected to the second DC output path. Specifically, the feedback control circuit is electrically connected to the rear end of the secondary rectifier filter. The feedback control circuit samples the second DC in the secondary functional output module 17 as a sampling signal. After the sampling signal is fed back to the flyback PWM control chip, it will be compared with the reference voltage inside the chip. If there is a deviation between the sampling signal and the reference voltage, the flyback PWM control chip will generate a corresponding control signal according to the deviation to adjust the duty cycle of the first switch tube 150 to adapt to load changes.

[0067] For example, when the sampling signal is lower than the reference voltage, the flyback PWM control chip will increase the duty cycle of the first switch tube 150. This means that the on-time of the first switch tube 150 becomes longer, and the energy storage time of the primary coil of the transformer 16 in one switching cycle increases, and more magnetic energy is stored. In the energy release stage, the secondary coil can release more energy, so that the output voltage increases and approaches the reference voltage; When the sampling signal is higher than the reference voltage, the flyback PWM control chip will reduce the duty cycle of the first switch tube 150. At this time, the conduction time of the first switch tube 150 is shortened, the energy storage of the primary coil of the transformer 16 is reduced, and the energy released by the secondary coil is also reduced accordingly, and the output voltage will decrease and return to the vicinity of the reference voltage.

[0068] It is understandable that: In actual operation of the battery pack adapter 100, the connected load (such as the battery pack and the USB device) may change. Different loads have different power requirements. When the load changes, the output current will also change. If no adjustment is made, the output voltage will be affected. By adjusting the duty cycle of the first switch tube 150, the flyback switching power supply can dynamically adjust the output power according to the change of the load, thereby ensuring the stability of the output voltage.

[0069] In addition, GaN MOS devices can withstand higher voltages, which makes them very adaptable in flyback switching power supplies with high voltage inputs. They can achieve higher voltage conversion ratios while ensuring safe and reliable operation; moreover, GaN MOS devices have low on-resistance, and when they are on, the power loss generated when current passes through the switch tube is small. Therefore, using GaN MOS devices in flyback switching power supplies can effectively reduce the heating of the switch tube and improve the conversion efficiency of the power supply. At the same time, they also have high switching speeds, allowing the flyback switching power supply to operate at higher frequencies, thereby reducing the volume of magnetic components such as transformers and realizing miniaturized design of the power supply.

[0070] It should be noted that although GaN MOS devices have high voltage resistance, excessively high voltage spikes may still cause irreversible damage to them.

[0071] Therefore, further, the flyback switching power supply also includes an RCD absorption circuit to suppress voltage spikes and protect the first switch tube 150 from breakdown. In other words, since the RCD absorption circuit can absorb and consume the energy of the voltage spike, the voltage across the first switch tube 150 is always maintained within its withstand voltage range, avoiding breakdown damage caused by excessively high voltage spikes.

[0072] Continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, the secondary function output module 17 includes a protocol control unit; The protocol control unit automatically matches the PD / QC protocol by the integrated PD / QC fast charging protocol chip to realize the output of the USB output interface 12.

[0073] Among them, the PD protocol: namely the USB Power Delivery protocol, is a power transmission protocol based on the USB Type-C interface, which can achieve higher power (up to 100W or even higher) power transmission, and supports dynamic adjustment of output voltage and current to meet the charging needs of different devices. For example, some laptops can obtain 20V, 3A or even higher power charging support through the PD protocol.

[0074] QC protocol: Quick Charge protocol, is a fast charging protocol developed by Qualcomm, mainly used in mobile devices that support Qualcomm chips. Different versions of QC protocol support different output voltage and current combinations. For example, QC 3.0 can dynamically adjust the voltage range of 3.6V-20V in 0.2V steps to achieve fast charging.

[0075] When a device is plugged into the USB output interface 12, the integrated PD / QC fast charging protocol chip in the protocol control unit will first identify the connected device. The chip determines the type of fast charging protocol supported by the device (PD protocol or QC protocol, and the specific protocol version) by detecting the communication signal between the device and the interface. For example, the chip will detect a specific communication message sent by the device and determine the protocol supported by the device based on the protocol identification information in the message.

[0076] Once the fast charging protocol supported by the device is identified, the protocol control unit will perform a protocol handshake process with the device. During the handshake process, the chip will communicate with the device in accordance with the corresponding protocol standard to exchange charging parameter information, such as the output voltage and current required by the device. For example, for devices that support the PD protocol, the chip will negotiate the output voltage and current with the device to determine the optimal charging power. For example: the device will send a request for a charging power of 15V / 3A, and the protocol control unit will respond and adjust according to the device's request.

[0077] According to the result of the protocol handshake, the protocol control unit will adjust the output voltage and current of the USB output interface 12 to meet the charging requirements of the device. If the device supports the PD protocol and requests a charging power of 15V / 3A, the protocol control unit will control the circuit of the secondary function output module 17 to adjust the output voltage to 15V and limit the output current to less than 3A to achieve fast charging.

[0078] As mentioned above, it can be understood that: the USB output interface 12 complies with the PD / QC fast charging protocol, and the maximum output does not exceed 100W. For example, the maximum output is 45W, and it has a charging power of 5V / 3A, 9V / 3A, 12V / 3A, 15V / 3A, and 20V / 2.25A.

[0079] In addition, continue to refer to Figure 4 As shown, a second switch tube 170 and a third switch tube 171 are respectively connected in series on the output paths of the corresponding adapter electrical terminal 11 and the USB output interface 12 to respectively control the charging of the battery pack 200 and the discharging of the USB interface. The controller 18 communicates and identifies with the battery pack 200, and is suitable for controlling the on / off of the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171 respectively through PWM signals.

[0080] The second switch tube 170 is connected in series to the output path of the adapter electrical terminal 11, and its on and off directly controls whether to charge the battery pack 200. When the second switch tube 170 is on, the second DC power output by the secondary function output module 17 can charge the battery pack 200 through the adapter electrical terminal 11; when the second switch tube 170 is off, the charging path is cut off and the battery pack 200 stops charging.

[0081] The third switch tube 171 is connected in series to the output path of the USB output interface 12, and is used to control the discharge process of the USB interface. When the third switch tube 171 is turned on, the second DC power can be used to power the connected device supporting the PD protocol through the USB output interface 12; when the third switch tube 171 is turned off, the USB output interface 12 stops outputting power.

[0082] In addition, a buck-boost circuit 172 is also arranged between the protocol control unit and the USB output interface 12, wherein it is more preferred that the protocol control unit has a built-in buck-boost driver to form a system-on-chip (SOC). When the controller 18 detects that the battery pack 200 and the USB device are connected at the same time, the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171 are controlled to be turned on, and the controller 18 completes communication identification with the battery pack 200, confirms the charging parameters (such as 21V / 2.4A), and provides a stable output for the charging path after the second switch tube 170 is turned on. The protocol control unit performs a protocol handshake with the USB device, identifies the charging requirements of the USB device (such as 5V / 3A, 9V / 3A, etc.), and determines the output parameters of the USB output interface 12. At the same time, the controller 18 monitors the total power in real time (such as ≤45W), and calculates the power allocation strategy according to the charging power of the battery pack and the charging requirements of the USB device.

[0083] It should be further explained that the buck-boost circuit 172 can adjust the output power of the USB output interface 12, specifically: The protocol control unit (SOC with built-in buck-boost driver) drives the buck-boost circuit 172 to work according to the charging requirements of the USB device. If the USB device needs to reduce the voltage, the buck-boost is adjusted in the step-down mode; if it needs to increase the voltage, it works in the boost mode and controls the conduction time of the fourth switch tube 1720 (such as a MOS tube) by adjusting the PWM signal duty cycle to achieve stable output of voltage and current of the USB output interface 12.

[0084] In addition, the controller 18 is also connected to a voltage detection module and a current detection module. The voltage detection module and the current detection module provide real-time feedback of the voltage and current data of the battery pack charging path and the USB output path to the controller 18. If it is detected that the output deviates from the set value (such as voltage fluctuations at the USB output interface 12), the controller 18 cooperates with the protocol control unit to adjust the working state of the buck-boost circuit 172, and monitors the conduction stability of the second switch tube 170 to ensure that the outputs of the two ports continue to match the device requirements.

[0085] For example, when the battery pack charging parameters are 21V / 2.4A and the USB device charging requirement is 5V / 3A, which exceeds the total power of 45W, the system will process according to the following logic and mechanism to ensure reasonable power distribution and safe and stable charging within the total power limit: In the hybrid mode, following the battery pack priority charging control logic, it can be known that the battery pack is a device with relatively large capacity and requires a stable charging process, so its basic charging power will be prioritized; At the same time, after ensuring that the battery pack has a certain charging power, reserve a lower guaranteed power for the USB device, such as at least ensuring an output of 5V / 2A (i.e. 10W) ​​to maintain the basic charging needs of the USB device; At this time, after the power is allocated according to the battery pack priority, the remaining power is not enough to meet the initial charging demand of the USB device, and the system will reduce the charging power of the USB device. For example, if the original USB device demand is 5V / 3A (15W), but the total power is insufficient, the system will renegotiate with the USB device through the protocol control unit to adjust the output to 5V / 2A (10W). During this process, the protocol control unit (system-level chip SOC with built-in buck-boost drive) changes the output voltage and current by adjusting the working state of the buck-boost circuit 172. Specifically, the conduction duty cycle of the fourth switch tube 1720 in the buck-boost circuit 172 is adjusted to reduce the output power.

[0086] When the battery pack 200 is nearly fully charged and enters the constant voltage charging stage, the required charging power will gradually decrease. At this time, the controller 18 will monitor the charging status of the battery pack 200 in real time, and according to the power change, transfer the power originally allocated to the battery pack but no longer needed to the USB device, thereby realizing dynamic power optimization allocation.

[0087] In this way, the controller 18 is suitable for detecting that the adapter electrical terminal 11 is connected to the battery pack 200, and communicating with the battery pack 200 to obtain the parameters of the battery pack 200. The controller 18 controls the second switch tube 170 to be turned on and the third switch tube 171 to be turned off, so as to independently control the charging of the battery pack 200; and / or; The controller 18 is adapted to detect that the USB output interface 12 is plugged into a device, and communicate with the device through a protocol control unit to negotiate an output voltage. The controller 18 controls the third switch tube 171 to turn on and the second switch tube 170 to turn off, so as to control the USB interface output alone; and / or; The controller 18 simultaneously detects that the battery pack 200 and the USB device are connected, communicates with the battery pack 200 to obtain the charging requirements, negotiates the output request with the USB device, and controls the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171 to be turned on to simultaneously control the charging of the battery pack 200 and the output of the USB interface.

[0088] Specifically, the controller 18 detects the load connection status (battery pack 200 and / or USB device) and adjusts the conduction of the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171 to achieve intelligent switching of the three working modes. The specific logic is as follows: The first discharge mode (such as Figure 5 shown): Trigger conditions: the adapter electrical terminal 11 is connected to the battery pack 200 (identified by voltage detection or communication handshake); the USB output interface 12 does not detect that a device is inserted.

[0089] Control logic: Turn on the second switch tube 170 to allow the second DC power of the secondary function output module 17 to charge the battery pack 200 through the adapter power terminal 11; turn off the third switch tube 171 to cut off the discharge path of the USB output interface 12 to avoid energy waste.

[0090] Charging strategy: communicate with the battery pack 200 to obtain parameters (such as battery capacity, remaining power, and maximum charging current); use constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) mode: Constant current stage: charging with the maximum current allowed by the battery pack (such as 21V / 2.4A) to quickly replenish power; Constant voltage stage: When the battery voltage is close to full charge, switch to constant voltage charging (such as 21V) to prevent overcharging.

[0091] The second discharge mode (such as Figure 6 shown): Triggering conditions: the USB output interface 12 is plugged into a device (such as a mobile phone or tablet) that supports the PD / QC protocol; the adapter electrical terminal 11 is not connected to the battery pack 200.

[0092] Control logic: turn on the third switch tube 171 to allow the second DC power to be output through the USB interface 12; turn off the second switch tube 170 to prohibit charging the battery pack (the battery pack is not connected).

[0093] Protocol handshake and output adjustment: The protocol control unit negotiates the output voltage (such as 15V / 3A) with the device through the PD / QC chip.

[0094] The controller 18 adjusts the duty cycle of the fourth switch tube 1720 in the buck-boost circuit 172 according to the negotiation result to dynamically match the device requirements.

[0095] Mixed modes (such as Figure 7 shown): Trigger condition: the adapter electrical terminal 11 is connected to the battery pack 200, and the USB output interface 12 is inserted into the device.

[0096] Control logic: Priority Assignment: Prioritize battery pack charging: under the total power limit (e.g. 45W), allocate most of the power to the adapter power terminal 11 (e.g. 30W); The remaining power is used for USB devices: The power of USB output interface 12 is limited to a fixed value (such as 5V / 2A=10W).

[0097] At this time, the protocol control unit (SOC) fixes the power output of the USB output interface 12 (such as 5V / 2A=10W) by adjusting the duty cycle of the fourth switch tube 1720 in the buck-boost circuit 172, and turns off the fast charging function; real-time monitoring and adjustment: The output voltage is monitored through voltage detection. If the battery pack charging demand decreases (such as approaching full charge), the USB device power is automatically increased.

[0098] That is, during the actual operation, the charging requirements of the battery pack 200 and the power request of the USB device may change. The controller 18 will monitor these changes in real time and dynamically adjust the power allocation according to the preset allocation logic. For example, when the battery pack is close to being fully charged, its charging requirements will gradually decrease, and the controller will correspondingly reduce the power allocated to the battery pack and increase the power allocated to the USB device to fully utilize the total power.

[0099] In this way, when the adapter electrical terminal 11 and the USB output interface 12 are used at the same time, the total power limit of the second DC power is constant, and most of the power is allocated to the adapter electrical terminal 11 according to the preset allocation logic to prioritize the charging of the battery pack 200, and the remaining small part of the power is allocated to the USB output interface 12 to limit the power output of the USB output interface 12. At this time, the user can charge the battery pack and the USB device at the same time, without waiting for one device to be fully charged before charging the other device, saving time. Moreover, the adapter can automatically allocate power according to the preset logic, and the user does not need to intervene manually, which is more convenient to use.

[0100] It is understandable that the total power that the adapter can provide is limited due to the power input and internal circuit design of the adapter. Setting a constant total power limit can ensure that when the adapter is powering the battery pack 200 and the USB device at the same time, the internal components will not be damaged due to power overload, thereby ensuring the stable operation and service life of the adapter. For example, if the total power of the adapter is designed to be 45W, when the battery pack and the USB device are connected at the same time, the total power will not exceed this value, thus avoiding problems such as heating and short circuit caused by excessive power.

[0101] Specifically as described above, the total power can be set to 45W, giving priority to charging the battery pack 200, and fixing the power output of the USB output interface 12 by adjusting the duty cycle of the fourth switch tube 1720 in the buck-boost circuit 172, such as 5V / 2A.

[0102] Further, continue to refer to Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, when there is no AC input to the AC input interface 10 , the battery pack adapter 100 is suitable for reversely supplying output to the USB output interface 12 through the battery pack 200 connected thereto.

[0103] Specifically, the controller 18 monitors the voltage of the AC input interface 10 in real time through the voltage detection circuit. When it detects that the AC voltage is lower than the preset threshold, it is determined that the AC input is disconnected. The controller 18 is suitable for switching to the reverse power supply mode and activating the discharge path from the battery pack 200 to the USB output interface 12. In the direction power supply mode, the reverse power supply can be manually triggered by the independent button switch 14 to avoid misoperation.

[0104] The controller 18 is adapted to turn on the second switch tube 170 of the adapter electrical terminal 11 path, and turn on the third switch tube 171 of the USB output interface 12 discharge path to connect to the USB output interface 12 via a buck-boost circuit 172 for output.

[0105] Specifically: the controller 18 turns on the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171, activating the discharge path from the battery pack 200 to the USB output interface 12. The voltage of the battery pack 200 (such as a 20V lithium battery) is converted into the 5V / 2A DC power required by the USB device through a step-down circuit. The USB output interface 12 negotiates with the device through the PD / QC protocol chip and automatically matches the 5V / 2A output. At this time, as mentioned above, the PD / QC fast charging protocol chip has a built-in BUCK-BOOST driver to form a system-on-chip (SOC).

[0106] Furthermore, in the reverse power supply path, the third switch tube 171 is disposed at the front end of the second switch tube 170 to allow the current to flow through the turned-on second switch tube 170 to the turned-on third switch tube 171, and to be electrically isolated through the transformer 16 to prevent the current from flowing in reverse to the unloaded primary power conversion module 15. It can be understood that: there is no direct electrical connection between the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer 16, and energy is transferred only through the magnetic flux of the magnetic core, so that electrical isolation can be achieved.

[0107] Furthermore, the USB output interface 12 is one of USB type A, USB type B, USB type C, USB Mini A, USB Mini B, USB Micro A, USB Micro B, USB Micro AB, USB 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, USB On-The-Go, USB Power Delivery, USB Type D, USB 4.0, etc., or it can be a combination of multiple USB interfaces. In this embodiment, the USB output interface 12 is a unidirectional type-c interface.

[0108] Furthermore, it includes a unique shell 13, and the AC input interface 10, the primary power conversion module 15, the transformer 16, the secondary function output module 17, and the controller 18 are all integrated in the shell 13, wherein the outer dimensions of the shell 13 are not larger than the outer dimensions of the battery pack 200 connected thereto.

[0109] Compared with traditional adapters with separate components, it takes up less space, is easy to carry and store, and can meet users' needs for product convenience. For example, when working outdoors, users can easily carry the adapter and battery pack together without adding burden due to the adapter's large size.

[0110] Furthermore, the outer dimensions of the housing 13 are not greater than 100 mm×80 mm×55 mm.

[0111] Furthermore, the outer dimensions of the housing 13 are not greater than 95 mm×78 mm×50 mm.

[0112] Furthermore, the transformer 16 is a planar transformer, and the flat structure of the planar transformer makes its height significantly lower than that of a traditional three-dimensional transformer. In the design of the present battery pack adapter 100, the dimension in the height direction is often one of the key factors limiting the overall dimensions. The use of a planar transformer can effectively reduce the size of the adapter in the height direction, which helps to achieve the requirement that the shell dimensions are no greater than 100mm×80mm×55mm or even no greater than 95mm×78mm×50mm, making the adapter thinner and lighter, and easier to carry and use.

[0113] Moreover, because the winding and core layout of the planar transformer is more compact, its overall volume is smaller than that of a traditional transformer at the same power capacity. This makes the space inside the adapter more efficient, provides more space for the layout of other components, and is conducive to further optimizing the internal structure of the adapter and achieving a smaller external size.

[0114] In addition, it is worth mentioning that: The planar transformer has good high-frequency characteristics and matches the flyback PWM control chip. The flyback PWM control chip can generate a high-frequency PWM signal to control the on and off of the first switch tube. The planar transformer can efficiently realize energy conversion at high frequencies. The two work together to improve the performance and efficiency of the flyback switching power supply. Moreover, the flat structure of the planar transformer increases the heat dissipation area, and the heat can be dissipated more quickly. Compared with traditional transformers, the heat generated by the planar transformer during operation is easier to be taken away, which helps to reduce the temperature inside the adapter, ensure that each component works in a suitable temperature environment, extend the service life of the components, and improve the overall performance of the adapter.

[0115] In combination with the above, it can be known that the present application can also provide another battery pack adapter 100, including: The adapter electrical terminal 11 is configured to be coupled with the battery pack electrical terminal 20; It also includes: AC input interface 10; A primary power conversion module 15, which is connected to the AC input interface 10, receives AC power input and converts it into a first DC power through primary rectification and filtering; A transformer 16, which is disposed between the primary power conversion module 15 and the secondary function output module 17, and is used for voltage reduction; A secondary function output module 17, which includes an adapter electrical terminal 11 and a USB output interface 12, and is suitable for outputting a second direct current; a controller 18 , which is electrically connected to the secondary function output module 17 to control the second DC power to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal 11 and / or the USB output interface 12 ; The primary power conversion module 15 includes a flyback switching power supply, and the flyback switching power supply generates a PWM signal by a flyback PWM control chip to control the on / off of the gallium nitride MOS device, and cooperates with the transformer 16 to realize energy conversion.

[0116] Furthermore, the flyback PWM control chip is connected to the feedback control circuit, receives the feedback signal to adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal, thereby controlling the on and off states of the gallium nitride MOS device. The feedback control circuit communicates with the controller 18, and the flyback switching power supply also includes an RCD absorption circuit to suppress voltage spikes.

[0117] Furthermore, the secondary function output module 17 includes a protocol control unit, which integrates a PD / QC fast charging protocol chip for automatically matching the PD / QC protocol to achieve protocol handshake and output regulation of the USB output interface 12.

[0118] Furthermore, a second switch tube 170 and a third switch tube 171 are respectively connected in series on the output paths of the adapter electrical terminal 11 and the USB output interface 12; The controller 18 communicates with the battery pack 200 to obtain the parameters of the battery pack 200, and controls the on / off of the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171 respectively through the PWM signal to realize the following modes: The first discharge mode: the second switch tube 170 is controlled to be turned on and the third switch tube 171 is turned off, so as to charge the battery pack 200 alone; The second discharge mode: the third switch tube 171 is controlled to be turned on and the second switch tube 170 is turned off, so as to supply power to the USB output interface 12 alone; Mixed mode: the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171 are controlled to be turned on at the same time, and power is distributed according to a preset priority.

[0119] Furthermore, when the adapter electrical terminal 11 and the USB output interface 12 are used simultaneously, the total power of the second direct current is limited to no more than 100 W and is distributed according to the following logic: Prioritize power allocation to the adapter power terminal 11 to ensure charging of the battery pack 200, and allocate the remaining power to the USB output interface 12; The output power of the USB output interface 12 is limited to at least 5V / 2A.

[0120] Further, when there is no AC input to the AC input interface 10, the controller 18 determines that the AC is disconnected through the voltage detection circuit, and switches to the reverse power supply mode, performing the following operations: A second switch tube 170 that conducts the path of the adapter electrical terminal 11; The third switch tube 171 of the USB output interface 12 path is turned on, and the voltage of the battery pack 200 is converted and output to the USB output interface 12 through the step-down circuit.

[0121] Furthermore, the reverse power supply mode is triggered by the key switch 14, and the USB output interface 12 is a unidirectional Type-C interface.

[0122] Furthermore, the battery pack adapter 100 is integrated into a single shell 13 , the outer dimensions of the shell 13 are no greater than 100 mm×80 mm×55 mm, and the transformer 16 is a planar transformer 16 .

[0123] The adapter provided by this technical solution is compatible with the tool battery pack 200 and USB device charging as mentioned above, and on the other hand, the flyback switching power supply is combined with a flyback PWM control chip and a gallium nitride MOS device to achieve efficient power conversion.

[0124] Gallium nitride MOS devices have the characteristics of low on-resistance and high switching speed, which can effectively reduce switching loss and conduction loss. Under high-frequency working conditions, they can be turned on and off more quickly, making the power loss smaller during the energy conversion process, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the entire adapter. Compared with traditional power conversion solutions, they can significantly reduce heat generation and increase power density. The flyback PWM control chip can adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal according to the feedback signal, and then control the on and off time of the gallium nitride MOS device, which enables the transformer 16 to accurately perform step-down operations according to actual needs, ensuring the stability of the voltage of the output first DC and second DC, and providing a stable and reliable power supply for charging the battery pack 200 and powering USB devices.

[0125] In addition, on the one hand, the gallium nitride MOS device has a high voltage resistance and can withstand the high voltage shock generated by the flyback switching power supply during operation, reducing the risk of device damage due to overvoltage and improving the reliability and stability of the entire adapter; on the other hand, the gallium nitride MOS device is suitable for working in a high-frequency environment, which enables the flyback switching power supply to perform energy conversion at a higher frequency. High-frequency operation can not only reduce the volume and weight of magnetic components such as the transformer 16, but also reduce output ripple and improve the quality of the output power supply.

[0126] In addition, another battery pack adapter 100 provided by the present application may also be known, including: The adapter electrical terminal 11 is configured to be coupled with the battery pack electrical terminal 20; An AC input interface 10 for receiving an alternating current input; A primary power conversion module 15, which is connected to the AC input interface 10 and includes a gallium nitride high-frequency resonant flyback conversion circuit to convert the alternating current into a first direct current; A high frequency transformer, which is connected between the primary power conversion module 15 and the secondary function output module 17 and is used for voltage reduction; The secondary function output module 17 includes: Adapter electrical terminal 11 and Type-C output interface; A synchronous rectification circuit converts the high frequency signal on the secondary side of the transformer 16 into a second direct current; a dynamic power distribution unit, which distributes the second DC power to the adapter power terminal 11 and / or the Type-C output interface according to a preset priority; The controller 18 is electrically connected to the secondary function output module 17 and performs the following operations: By communicating with the battery pack 200 , the adapter electrical terminal 11 is controlled to charge the battery pack 200 in a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) mode; Handshake with USB devices through PD / QC protocol chip to dynamically match output voltage; When there is no AC input, the reverse power supply mode of the battery pack 200 is activated, and the voltage of the battery pack 200 is stepped down and output to the Type-C output interface.

[0127] Furthermore, the operating frequency of the high frequency transformer is ≥20kHz.

[0128] Among them, further preferably, the high frequency transformer is a planar transformer.

[0129] Furthermore, the total power of the dynamic power allocation unit does not exceed 100W.

[0130] Furthermore, the total power of the dynamic power allocation unit is 45W.

[0131] Furthermore, the battery pack adapter 100 is integrated into a single housing 13 , and the outer dimensions of the housing 13 are not larger than the outer dimensions of the battery pack 200 connected thereto.

[0132] It can be understood that the dynamic power distribution unit at least includes the second switch tube 170 and the third switch tube 171 mentioned above, and the buck-boost circuit 172.

[0133] The adapter provided by this technical solution adopts a gallium nitride high-frequency resonant flyback conversion circuit in the primary power conversion module 15. Gallium nitride (GaN) material has the characteristics of high electron mobility and low on-resistance, which greatly improves the switching speed and can work at high frequency. The high-frequency resonant flyback conversion circuit combined with gallium nitride devices can significantly reduce switching losses and conduction losses and improve power conversion efficiency. Compared with traditional silicon-based devices, it can achieve higher power density in a smaller volume, reduce heat generation, and improve energy utilization.

[0134] The high-frequency transformer is connected between the primary and secondary modules, and has good high-frequency characteristics, which matches the flyback PWM control chip; preferably, the high-frequency transformer is a planar transformer, whose planar structure is compact and occupies little space, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of the adapter; on the other hand, it has good high-frequency characteristics, which matches the flyback PWM control chip.

[0135] In terms of function realization: a single device can realize the charging function of different types of devices, meet the diverse charging needs of users, and avoid the inconvenience of carrying multiple chargers; moreover, the dynamic power allocation unit can allocate the second DC power to the adapter electrical terminal 11 and / or the Type-C output interface according to the preset priority. When the battery pack 200 and the USB device are connected at the same time, the power can be reasonably allocated, for example: the battery pack 200 is charged first, and the USB device is provided with appropriate power at the same time, ensuring that each device can be charged normally, thereby improving the charging efficiency and resource utilization.

[0136] In addition, the controller 18 controls the adapter electrical terminal 11 to charge the battery pack 200 in a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) mode by communicating with the battery pack 200. The constant current mode is used in the initial charging stage to charge the battery pack 200 at a faster speed; when the voltage of the battery pack 200 is close to the full charge state, it automatically switches to the constant voltage mode to avoid overcharging and protect the safety and life of the battery pack 200; The controller 18 shakes hands with the USB device through the PD / QC protocol chip and can dynamically match the output voltage, so that the adapter can automatically adjust the output voltage and current according to the fast charging protocol supported by different USB devices, realize fast charging function, shorten charging time, and improve user experience.

[0137] Moreover, it also has a reverse power supply function. When there is no AC input, the controller 18 can activate the reverse power supply mode of the battery pack 200 and step down the voltage of the battery pack 200 and output it to the Type-C output interface. This provides convenience for users to use the battery pack 200 for emergency charging of USB devices in the absence of an external power supply, thereby enhancing the practicality and emergency capabilities of the adapter.

[0138] Continue to refer to Fig. 9As shown, in one embodiment, the adapter electrical terminal 11 is a plurality of groups of electrical terminals, such as electrical terminal group 11a and electrical terminal group 11b, each electrical terminal group includes a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal and a communication terminal, and each electrical terminal group is suitable for matching and connecting a battery pack. In this way, the adapter provided by this embodiment is suitable for plugging in multiple battery packs, and can provide charging for multiple battery packs at the same time or in sequence. In addition, in this embodiment, the USB output interface 12 is one of USB type A, USB type B, USB type C, USB Mini A, USB Mini B, USB Micro A, USB MicroB, USB Micro AB, USB 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, USB On-The-Go, USB Power Delivery, USB Type D, USB 4.0, etc., and can also be a combination of multiple USB interfaces, such as USB type C12a and USB type A12b.

[0139] Among them, the controller 18 needs to manage the power allocation for multiple battery pack charging and USB output. When multiple battery packs are charged at the same time and a USB device is connected, the controller needs to reasonably allocate the output power of the adapter according to the charging requirements of each battery pack and the power requirements of the USB device. If the battery pack is low in power and needs to be charged quickly, the controller can prioritize allocating more power to the battery pack and limit the output power of the USB output interface 12, such as USB type C12a, USB type A12b. When the battery pack is nearly fully charged, the controller can reduce the power allocated to the battery pack and allocate more power to the USB device.

[0140] In the process of power distribution of multiple battery packs, it is more preferred that multiple battery packs are connected in parallel, the electrical terminal group 11a and the electrical terminal group 11b output a uniform voltage, and the current is distributed according to the needs of each battery pack, so as to support the simultaneous charging of battery packs with different capacities; or; Charge the battery packs in the preset order, switching to the next one after one is completed.

[0141] Of course, power can also be allocated according to the remaining power and / or the current voltage. The controller can first allocate power to battery pack A with low power or low voltage, and then adjust the power distribution when its power is increased to the same voltage as another battery pack B, and allocate power to battery pack A and battery pack B together.

[0142] In addition, the present application also relates to a combination of a battery pack adapter 100 and a battery pack 200, which includes: The battery pack adapter 100 as described above; and, a battery pack 200; The battery pack adapter 100 is adapted to be inserted parallel to the opening direction of the battery pack electrical terminal 20 and to be matched therewith so that the adapter electrical terminal 11 is coupled with the battery pack electrical terminal 20 .

[0143] The combination of the battery pack adapter 100 and the battery pack 200 of the present invention has all the above-mentioned beneficial technical effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack adapter, comprising: an adapter electrical terminal configured to be removably coupled to a battery pack electrical terminal; It is characterized by further comprising: AC input interface and USB output interface; A primary power conversion module, connected to the AC input interface, receives an AC power input and converts it into a first DC power through primary rectification and filtering; A secondary functional output module, which is suitable for outputting a second direct current through secondary rectification and filtering; A transformer, which is disposed between the primary power conversion module and the secondary function output module for voltage reduction; A controller is electrically connected to the secondary function output module to control the second direct current to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal and / or the USB output interface.

2. The battery pack adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary power conversion module includes a flyback switching power supply; The flyback switching power supply includes a flyback PWM control chip and a first switch tube. The flyback PWM control chip is suitable for generating a PWM signal to control the on / off of the first switch tube and cooperates with the transformer to realize energy conversion.

3. The battery pack adapter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flyback PWM control chip is also suitable for connecting to a feedback control circuit to receive a feedback signal to adjust the duty cycle of the first switch tube, and the feedback control circuit is connected to the controller.

4. The battery pack adapter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first switch tube is a high-voltage MOS device.

5. The battery pack adapter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first switch tube is a gallium nitride MOS device.

6. The battery pack adapter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flyback switching power supply further includes an RCD absorption circuit, which is used to suppress voltage spikes and protect the first switching tube from breakdown.

7. The battery pack adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary function output module includes a protocol control unit; The protocol control unit automatically matches the PD / QC protocol by integrating the PD / QC fast charging protocol chip to realize the output of the USB output interface.

8. The battery pack adapter according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second switch tube is connected in series on the output path corresponding to the electrical terminal of the adapter to control the charging of the battery pack; A third switch tube is serially connected on the output path corresponding to the USB output interface to control the discharge of the USB output interface; The controller communicates and identifies with the battery pack, and is suitable for controlling the on / off of the second switch tube and the third switch tube respectively through a PWM signal.

9. The battery pack adapter according to claim 8, characterized in that: The controller is adapted to communicate with the battery pack to obtain battery pack parameters when detecting that the adapter electrical terminal is connected to the battery pack, and the controller controls the second switch tube to turn on and the third switch tube to turn off, so as to independently control the charging of the battery pack; and / or; The controller is adapted to detect that the USB output interface is plugged into a device, communicate with the device through the protocol control unit, negotiate the output voltage, and control the third switch tube to turn on and the second switch tube to turn off, so as to control the USB interface output alone; and / or; When the controller detects that both the battery pack and the USB device are connected, the controller communicates with the battery pack to obtain the charging requirements and negotiates the output request with the USB device. The controller controls the second switch tube and the third switch tube to be turned on to simultaneously control the battery pack charging and the USB interface output.

10. The battery pack adapter according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the adapter power terminal and the USB output interface are used simultaneously, the total output power limit of the second direct current is constant, and most of the power is allocated to the adapter power terminal according to a preset allocation logic to prioritize charging of the battery pack, and the remaining small portion of power is allocated to the USB output interface to limit the power output of the USB output interface.

11. The battery pack adapter according to claim 10, characterized in that: The total power is no more than 100W, and in order to ensure that the adapter charges the battery pack first, the output of the USB output interface is limited to at least 5V / 2A by a buck-boost circuit arranged between the protocol control unit and the USB output interface.

12. The battery pack adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: When there is no AC input to the AC input interface, the battery pack adapter is suitable for reversely supplying output to the USB output interface through the battery pack connected thereto.

13. The battery pack adapter according to claim 12, characterized in that: The controller monitors the voltage of the AC input interface in real time through a voltage detection circuit. When it detects that the AC voltage is lower than a preset threshold, it is determined that the AC input is disconnected. The controller is suitable for switching to a reverse power supply mode to activate a discharge path from the battery pack to the USB output interface.

14. The battery pack adapter according to claim 13, characterized in that: The controller is suitable for turning on the second switch tube of the adapter electrical terminal path, and turning on the third switch tube of the USB output interface discharge path to connect the USB output interface via the step-down circuit for output.

15. The battery pack adapter according to claim 14, characterized in that: On the reverse power supply path, the third switch tube is arranged at the front end of the second switch tube to allow current to flow through the turned-on second switch tube to the turned-on third switch tube, and is electrically isolated by the transformer to prevent current from reversely flowing into the unloaded primary power conversion module.

16. The battery pack adapter according to claim 12, characterized in that: The reverse supply of the battery pack to the USB output interface is controlled by a key switch.

17. The battery pack adapter according to claim 16, characterized in that: The USB output interface is a unidirectional type-c interface.

18. The battery pack adapter according to claim 12, characterized in that: It comprises a single housing, wherein the AC input interface, the primary power conversion module, the transformer, the secondary function output module and the controller are all assembled in the housing, wherein: The outer dimensions of the shell are not greater than the outer dimensions of the battery pack connected thereto.

19. The battery pack adapter according to claim 18, characterized in that: The outer dimensions of the shell are no greater than 100 mm×80 mm×55 mm.

20. The battery pack adapter according to claim 19, characterized in that: The outer dimensions of the shell are no greater than 95 mm×78 mm×50 mm.

21. The battery pack adapter according to claim 18, characterized in that: The transformer is a planar transformer.

22. A battery pack adapter, comprising: an adapter electrical terminal configured and adapted to couple with a battery pack electrical terminal; It is characterized by further comprising: AC input interface and USB output interface; A primary power conversion module, connected to the AC input interface, receives an AC power input and converts it into a first DC power through primary rectification and filtering; A secondary function output module, which is suitable for outputting a second direct current; A transformer, which is arranged between the primary power conversion module and the secondary function output module and is used for voltage reduction; a controller electrically connected to the secondary function output module to control the second direct current to be selectively distributed to the adapter electrical terminal and / or the USB output interface; Among them, the primary power conversion module includes a flyback switching power supply, and the flyback switching power supply generates a PWM signal by a flyback PWM control chip to control the on / off of the gallium nitride MOS device, and cooperates with the transformer to realize energy conversion.

23. The battery pack adapter according to claim 22, characterized in that: The flyback PWM control chip is connected to the feedback control circuit, receives a feedback signal to adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal, thereby controlling the on and off states of the gallium nitride MOS device. The feedback control circuit communicates with the controller. The flyback switching power supply also includes an RCD absorption circuit to suppress voltage spikes.

24. The battery pack adapter according to claim 22, characterized in that: The secondary function output module includes a protocol control unit, which integrates a PD / QC fast charging protocol chip for automatically matching the PD / QC protocol to achieve protocol handshake and output adjustment of the USB output interface.

25. The battery pack adapter according to claim 24, characterized in that: A second switch tube is connected in series on the output path corresponding to the electrical terminal of the adapter to control the charging of the battery pack; A third switch tube is serially connected on the output path corresponding to the USB output interface to control the discharge of the USB output interface; The controller communicates with the battery pack to obtain battery pack parameters, and controls the on / off of the second switch tube and the third switch tube respectively through PWM signals to achieve the following modes: The first discharge mode: the second switch tube is controlled to be turned on and the third switch tube is turned off to charge the battery pack alone; Second discharge mode: control the third switch tube to be turned on and the second switch tube to be turned off, and supply power to the USB output interface alone; Mixed mode: The second switch tube and the third switch tube are controlled to be turned on at the same time, and power is distributed according to the preset priority.

26. The battery pack adapter according to claim 25, characterized in that: When the adapter power terminal and the USB output interface are used simultaneously, the total power of the second direct current is limited to no more than 100W and is allocated according to the following logic: Prioritize power allocation to the adapter electrical terminal to ensure battery pack charging, and allocate the remaining power to the USB output interface; The output power of the USB output interface is limited to at least 5V / 2A.

27. The battery pack adapter according to claim 22, characterized in that: When there is no AC input to the AC input interface, the controller determines that the AC is disconnected through the voltage detection circuit, and switches to the reverse power supply mode, performing the following operations: A second switch tube for conducting the adapter electrical terminal path; The third switch tube of the USB output interface path is turned on, and the battery pack voltage is converted and output to the USB output interface through the step-down circuit.

28. The battery pack adapter according to claim 27, characterized in that: The reverse power supply mode is triggered by a key switch, and the USB output interface is a unidirectional Type-C interface.

29. The battery pack adapter according to claim 22, characterized in that: The battery pack adapter is integrated into a single shell, the outer dimensions of the shell are no greater than 100 mm×80 mm×55 mm, and the transformer is a planar transformer.

30. A battery pack adapter, comprising: an adapter electrical terminal configured and adapted to couple with a battery pack electrical terminal; An AC input interface for receiving an alternating current input; Type-C output interface; A primary power conversion module, connected to the AC input interface, comprising a gallium nitride high-frequency resonant flyback conversion circuit, for converting alternating current into a first direct current; The secondary function output module includes: A synchronous rectification circuit converts the high frequency signal on the secondary side of the transformer into a second direct current; a dynamic power distribution unit, which distributes the second direct current to the adapter power terminal and / or the Type-C output interface according to a preset priority; A high-frequency transformer, connected between the primary power conversion module and the secondary function output module, for reducing voltage; A controller is electrically connected to the secondary function output module and performs the following operations: By communicating with the battery pack, controlling the adapter electrical terminal to charge the battery pack in a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) mode; Handshake with USB devices through PD / QC protocol chip to dynamically match output voltage; When there is no AC input, the battery pack reverse power supply mode is activated to step down the battery pack voltage and output it to the Type-C output interface.

31. The battery pack adapter according to claim 30, characterized in that: The operating frequency of the high-frequency transformer is ≥20kHz.

32. The battery pack adapter according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that: The total power of the dynamic power allocation unit does not exceed 100W.

33. The battery pack adapter according to claim 32, characterized in that: The total power of the dynamic power allocation unit is 45W.

34. The battery pack adapter according to claim 32, wherein: The battery pack adapter is integrated into a single shell, and the outer dimensions of the shell are no larger than the outer dimensions of the battery pack connected thereto.

35. A combination of a battery pack adapter and a battery pack, characterized in that: include: A battery pack adapter as described in any one of claims 1 to 34 above; and, a battery pack; The battery pack adapter is suitable for being inserted parallel to the opening direction of the battery pack electrical terminal and mating therewith so as to couple the adapter electrical terminal with the battery pack electrical terminal.

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