Cell unit, solar cell module and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a battery unit, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic module. Relates to the photovoltaic technical field. The battery cell includes a first electrode and a second electrode. Part of the first electrode is located on the light incident side of the battery unit. The second electrode is located on the backlight side of the battery cell. A through hole extending from the light incident side of the battery unit to the backlight side of the battery unit is formed in the battery unit, and part of the first electrode is located in the through hole and led to the backlight side of the battery unit. The light incident side of the battery unit and the backlight side of the battery unit are located on the two opposite sides of the battery unit respectively. A conducting layer is arranged on the backlight side of the battery unit, and different parts of the conducting layer are electrically insulated and respectively form a first electrode and a second electrode located on the backlight side of the battery unit. According to the battery unit provided by the embodiment of the invention, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the battery unit provided by the embodiment of the invention directly leads out current through the conductive layer, so that the preparation process of the battery unit is simplified.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The application number of the original application is 202411996387.0, and the original application date is December 31, 2024. The entire contents of the original application are incorporated into this application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a battery unit, a solar cell assembly and a photovoltaic assembly. Background Art

[0003] Solar tandem cells are an advanced photovoltaic technology that stacks multiple photovoltaic materials with different band gaps to improve the overall energy conversion efficiency.

[0004] In the related technology, taking the perovskite silicon tandem cell as an example, the perovskite silicon tandem cell combines the advantages of the perovskite solar cell and the traditional silicon solar cell to improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. The perovskite silicon tandem cell includes a silicon-based cell and a perovskite cell, and the perovskite cell is arranged on top of the silicon-based cell.

[0005] However, existing perovskite silicon tandem cells have the problem of complex preparation process. Summary of the invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a battery unit, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic module, which simplify the preparation process of the battery unit and improve the performance of the solar cell module.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery unit, comprising:

[0008] A first electrode, a portion of which is located on the light incident side of the battery unit;

[0009] The second electrode is located at the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0010] The light incident side of the battery unit and the backlight side of the battery unit are respectively located at two opposite sides of the battery unit.

[0011] The battery cell is provided with a through hole extending from the light incident side of the battery cell to the backlight side of the battery cell, and part of the first electrode is located in the through hole and led to the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0012] A conductive layer is disposed on the backlight side of the battery unit, and different parts of the conductive layer are electrically insulated and respectively form a first electrode and a second electrode located on the backlight side of the battery unit.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode includes a backlight-side electrode segment, and the backlight-side electrode segment is located on the backlight side of the battery unit; a portion of the conductive layer forms the backlight-side electrode segment.

[0014] The backlight-side electrode segment is electrically insulated from the second electrode.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode includes a through-hole electrode segment, which is located in the through-hole and connected to the backlight-side electrode segment.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode includes a light-incident side electrode segment, the light-incident side electrode segment is located on the light-incident side of the battery unit, and one end of the through-hole electrode segment close to the backlight side is connected to the backlight side electrode segment.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, at least a portion of the through-hole electrode segment close to the light-incident-side electrode segment is a light-transmitting member.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the light transmittance of the light-transmitting element is not less than 50%.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode includes a first material layer, the first material layer is located on the light incident side of the battery unit, and forms a light incident side electrode segment.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, part of the first material layer extends into the through hole to form a first extension segment; the first extension segment forms a part of the through hole electrode segment.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the first material layer is a light-transmitting layer.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the first electrode includes a second material layer, which is located in the through hole and connected to the first material layer located in the through hole. The first material layer and the second material layer form a through hole electrode segment.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the second material layer includes a metal layer, a conductive polymer layer, and a conductive composite layer.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the battery unit, an extension length of the backlight-side electrode segment is smaller than an extension length of the second electrode.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell includes a first battery unit and a second battery unit that are stacked, wherein the side of the first battery unit facing away from the second battery unit forms a light incident side of the battery cell, and the side of the second battery unit facing away from the first battery unit forms a backlight side of the battery cell.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the first battery unit includes a first photoelectric conversion layer and a first conductive layer, and the first conductive layer is disposed on a side of the first photoelectric conversion layer close to a light incident side of the battery unit.

[0027] The first conductive layer forms a light-incident-side electrode segment.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the second battery unit includes a second photoelectric conversion layer and a conductive layer; the conductive layer is disposed on a side of the second photoelectric conversion layer close to the backlight side of the battery unit.

[0029] The conductive layer includes a first sub-conductive layer and a second sub-conductive layer insulated from each other, the first sub-conductive layer forms a second electrode, and the second sub-conductive layer forms a backlight-side electrode segment.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, the first photoelectric conversion layer includes a perovskite layer, and a first conductive layer is disposed on a side of the perovskite layer close to a light incident side of the battery unit.

[0031] The first conductive layer forms a light-incident-side electrode segment.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the second photoelectric conversion layer includes a base layer, a first doping layer and a second doping layer.

[0033] A first doping layer is arranged on a side of the base layer close to the light incident side of the battery unit; and a second doping layer is arranged on a side of the base layer close to the backlight side of the battery unit.

[0034] The first doping layer and the second doping layer have opposite doping types.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, the second photoelectric conversion layer further includes a first passivation layer, and the first passivation layer is disposed between the base layer and the first doping layer.

[0036] And / or, the second photoelectric conversion layer further includes a second passivation layer, and the second passivation layer is disposed between the base layer and the second doping layer.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the conductive layer is connected to a side of the second doped layer that is away from the light incident side of the battery unit.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell further includes a third conductive layer, and the third conductive layer is connected to a side of the first doped layer close to the light incident side of the battery cell.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell further includes a first spacing structure, which is located on the backlight side of the battery cell and between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell further includes a first insulating layer, which is located on the backlight side of the battery cell and between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0041] The first insulating layer forms a first spacing structure.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, part of the first photoelectric conversion layer extends between the through-hole electrode segment of the first electrode and the second doping layer, and between the through-hole electrode segment and the conductive layer to form a first spacing structure.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell further includes a second spacing structure, and the second spacing structure is located between the through-hole electrode segment and the base layer.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell further includes a second insulating layer, and the second insulating layer is located between the through-hole electrode segment and the base layer.

[0045] The second insulating layer forms a second spacing structure.

[0046] In some embodiments of the present application, a portion of the first photoelectric conversion layer extends between the through-hole electrode segment of the first electrode and the base layer to form a second spacing structure.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell further includes a third spacing structure, and at least a portion of the third spacing structure is located between the through-hole electrode segment and the first doping layer, and between the through-hole electrode segment and the third conductive layer.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery cell further includes a third insulating layer, and at least a portion of the third insulating layer is located between the through-hole electrode segment and the first doped layer, and between the through-hole electrode segment and the third conductive layer.

[0049] The third insulating layer forms a third spacing structure.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, part of the first photoelectric conversion layer extends between the through-hole electrode segment of the first electrode and the first doping layer, and between the through-hole electrode segment and the third conductive layer to form a third spacing structure.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present application, an extension length of the first extension segment along the light incident side of the battery unit to the backlight side of the battery unit is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first photoelectric conversion layer.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present application, the number of through holes is at least two, and the number of through hole electrode segments of the first electrode is at least two. Along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the battery cell, the plurality of through holes are arranged at intervals.

[0053] The at least two through-hole electrode segments are correspondingly located in the at least two through-holes.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present application, along a direction perpendicular to the light incident side of the battery cell to the backlight side of the battery cell, the spacing between adjacent through holes is A, and A satisfies: 0.3 cm ≤ A ≤ 4 cm.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, the short diameter of the through hole is B, and B satisfies: 0.03mm≤B≤3mm.

[0056] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, comprising:

[0057] at least two battery cells;

[0058] The conductive structure is located on the backlight side of the battery unit and connects at least two battery units.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, the conductive structure connects a first electrode located on a backlight side of one of the at least two battery cells and a second electrode of the other battery cell.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present application, the conductive structure connects a first electrode located on a backlight side of one of the at least two battery cells and a first electrode of the other battery cell.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, among at least two battery cells connected to each other, the backlight-side electrode segment of one of the battery cells is connected to the second electrode of another battery cell through a conductive structure.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present application, at least two battery cells connected to each other include a first battery cell and a second battery cell arranged side by side; along the arrangement direction from the first battery cell to the second battery cell, the backlight side electrode segment of the first battery cell is located on the side of the second electrode of the first battery cell close to the second battery cell.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present application, in at least two interconnected battery cells, the conductive structure is connected to the side of the backlight side electrode segment of one battery cell facing away from the light incident side of the battery cell, and is connected to the side of the second electrode of another battery cell facing away from the light incident side of the battery cell.

[0064] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including a solar cell module.

[0065] The battery cell, solar cell module and photovoltaic module provided in the embodiments of the present application, the battery cell includes a first electrode and a second electrode. Part of the first electrode is located on the light incident side of the battery cell; the second electrode is located on the backlight side of the battery cell. A through hole extending from the light incident side of the battery cell to the backlight side of the battery cell is provided in the battery cell, and part of the first electrode is located in the through hole and led to the backlight side of the battery cell. The light incident side of the battery cell and the backlight side of the battery cell are respectively located on opposite sides of the battery cell. A conductive layer is provided on the backlight side of the battery cell, and different parts of the conductive layer are electrically insulated and respectively form the first electrode and the second electrode located on the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0066] By setting a conductive layer on the backlight side of the battery cell and electrically insulating different parts of the conductive layer, different parts of the conductive layer form the first electrode and the second electrode respectively. In this way, the conductive layer acts as a current collector and a lead-out electrode at the same time, simplifying the structure of the battery cell. Compared with designing a lead-out electrode in a battery cell alone, it is necessary to add additional components to the battery cell, such as a metal sheet or a wire, to lead out the current of the battery cell. The battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application directly leads out the current through the conductive layer, simplifying the preparation process of the battery cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0068] Figure 1 The structure of the battery unit provided in this application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0069] Figure 2 The structure of the battery unit provided in this application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0070] Figure 3 The structure of the battery unit provided in this application is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ;

[0071] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle O region;

[0072] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a through hole in a battery unit provided in an embodiment of the present application is a square hole;

[0073] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0074] Description of reference numerals:

[0075] 100: battery cell; 110: first battery unit; 110a: light incident side of the battery cell; 120: second battery unit; 120a: backlight side of the battery cell;

[0076] 111: first conductive layer; 112: first photoelectric conversion layer;

[0077] 121: base layer; 122: first passivation layer; 123: first doping layer; 124: second passivation layer; 125: second doping layer; 126: conductive layer; 126a: first sub-conductive layer; 126b: second sub-conductive layer; 127: third conductive layer;

[0078] 130: first electrode; 131: backlight side electrode segment; 132: through hole electrode segment; 133a: second extension segment; 133b: first extension segment; 134: second material layer; 135: light incident side electrode segment;

[0079] 140: first spacing structure; 141: second spacing structure; 142: third spacing structure;

[0080] 150: second electrode;

[0081] 170: through hole;

[0082] 200: Conductive structure.

[0083] The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail later. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0085] In the related art, in perovskite silicon tandem cells, it is necessary to prepare lead-out electrodes to lead out the current of the perovskite silicon tandem cells. This requires adding additional components to the perovskite silicon tandem cells, such as metal sheets or wires, to lead out the current of the perovskite silicon tandem cells, which requires complex design and precise assembly process.

[0086] Therefore, the existing perovskite silicon tandem cells have the problem of complex preparation process.

[0087] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a solar cell module and a photovoltaic module, wherein the battery cell includes a first electrode and a second electrode. Part of the first electrode is located on the light incident side of the battery cell; the second electrode is located on the backlight side of the battery cell. A through hole extending from the light incident side of the battery cell to the backlight side of the battery cell is provided in the battery cell, and part of the first electrode is located in the through hole and led to the backlight side of the battery cell. The light incident side of the battery cell and the backlight side of the battery cell are respectively located on opposite sides of the battery cell. A conductive layer is provided on the backlight side of the battery cell, and different parts of the conductive layer are electrically insulated and respectively form a first electrode and a second electrode located on the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0088] By setting a conductive layer on the backlight side of the battery cell and electrically insulating different parts of the conductive layer, different parts of the conductive layer form the first electrode and the second electrode respectively. In this way, the conductive layer acts as a current collector and a lead-out electrode at the same time, simplifying the structure of the battery cell. Compared with designing a lead-out electrode in a battery cell alone, it is necessary to add additional components to the battery cell, such as a metal sheet or a wire, to lead out the current of the battery cell. The battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application directly leads out the current through the conductive layer, simplifying the preparation process of the battery cell.

[0089] The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0090] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell. The types of battery cells include perovskite / silicon stacked cells, organic / inorganic stacked cells, and III-V compound stacked cells.

[0091] The battery cell includes a first electrode 130 and a second electrode 150. A portion of the first electrode 130 is located on the light incident side 110a of the battery cell; and the second electrode 150 is located on the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0092] The battery cell is provided with a through hole 170 extending from the light incident side 110 a of the battery cell to the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell. Part of the first electrode 130 is located in the through hole 170 and leads to the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell.

[0093] The light incident side 110 a of the battery unit and the backlight side 120 a of the battery unit are located at two opposite sides of the battery unit, respectively.

[0094] A conductive layer 126 is disposed on the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell. Different portions of the conductive layer 126 are electrically insulated and respectively form a first electrode 130 and a second electrode 150 located on the backlight side of the battery cell.

[0095] Exemplarily, by providing a conductive layer 126 on the backlight side 120a of the battery cell and electrically insulating different parts of the conductive layer 126, different parts of the conductive layer 126 form the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 150 respectively. In this way, the conductive layer 126 acts as a current collector and a lead-out electrode at the same time, simplifying the structure of the battery cell. Compared with designing a lead-out electrode in a battery cell alone, it is necessary to add additional components to the battery cell, such as a metal sheet or a wire, to lead out the current of the battery cell. The battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application directly leads out the current through the conductive layer 126, simplifying the preparation process of the battery cell.

[0096] As a feasible implementation manner, the number of the through holes 170 is at least two, and the number of the through hole electrode segments 132 of the first electrode 130 is at least two.

[0097] The at least two through-hole electrode segments 132 are correspondingly located in the at least two through-holes 170 .

[0098] In the embodiment of the present application, there is no limitation on the number of through holes 170, which can be set according to actual needs. By setting a plurality of through holes 170, the current can be effectively transmitted through multiple paths, and this design reduces the length of the current path and the resistance loss. In addition, the design of multiple through holes 170 can provide greater design flexibility, so that the battery cell can adapt to different shape and size requirements while maintaining efficient current collection.

[0099] Reference Figure 3 In the direction indicated by Y, a plurality of through holes 170 are arranged at intervals along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the battery unit.

[0100] The through holes 170 arranged at intervals can provide the necessary current transmission path without significantly affecting the structural strength of the battery cell. In addition, multiple through holes 170 may help improve the thermal management of the battery and help dissipate heat, thereby improving the stability and life of the battery cell.

[0101] As an achievable implementation, the first electrode 130 includes a backlight-side electrode segment 131 . The backlight-side electrode segment 131 is located at the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell. Part of the conductive layer 126 forms the backlight-side electrode segment 131 .

[0102] The backlight-side electrode segment 131 is electrically insulated from the second electrode 150 .

[0103] Exemplarily, the backlight-side electrode segment 131 may be a transparent conductive oxide layer. The transparent conductive oxide layer includes an indium tin oxide layer, zinc aluminum oxide, tin oxide, zinc gallium oxide, etc. The indium tin oxide layer has light transmittance and conductivity. Zinc aluminum oxide has light transmittance and conductivity. Tin oxide has chemical stability and light transmittance. Zinc gallium oxide has light transmittance and conductivity.

[0104] In order to further enhance the conductivity, a small amount of metal grid lines may be provided on the backlight-side electrode segments 131 , and the metal grid lines are integrated.

[0105] As a feasible implementation, the first electrode 130 includes a through-hole electrode segment 132 , the through-hole electrode segment 132 is located in the through-hole 170 , and the backlight-side electrode segment 131 is connected to one end of the through-hole electrode segment 132 close to the backlight side 120 a .

[0106] Exemplarily, the through-hole electrode segment 132 is located in the through-hole 170 , providing a direct current path, and the current flows from the light-incident side 110 a of the battery cell to the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell through the through-hole electrode segment 132 in the through-hole 170 .

[0107] The through hole 170 design allows the current path to not occupy the space of the light incident side 110a, thereby reducing the shading of the light absorption area and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The through hole 170 connects the backlight side electrode segment 131 and the through hole electrode segment 132, and the design of the first electrode 130 is simplified, which is convenient for manufacturing and integration.

[0108] As an achievable implementation, the first electrode 130 includes a light-incident side electrode segment 135, which is located at the light-incident side 110a of the battery unit and connected to the through-hole electrode segment 132 located in the through-hole 170. The light-incident side electrode segment 135 is a light-transmitting member.

[0109] Exemplarily, the light-incident side electrode segment 135 is located on the light-incident side 110a to directly collect the photogenerated current. The light-incident side electrode segment 135 is transmitted to the backlight side electrode segment 131 on the backlight side 120a of the battery cell through the through-hole electrode segment 132 (through-hole 170). This design provides an efficient current path and reduces the resistance loss in current transmission.

[0110] Specifically, the light-incident side electrode segment 135 is a light-transmitting member. In this way, the light-transmitting side electrode segment 135 allows most of the incident light to penetrate and reach the photoelectric conversion layer, which can maximize the light absorption efficiency and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, compared with the traditional metal grid line that blocks part of the incident light, the light-incident side electrode segment 135 of the present application can reduce the light-shielding area and ensure that more light enters the photoelectric conversion layer.

[0111] There is no limitation on the material of the light-incident-side electrode segment 135. For example, the material of the light-incident-side electrode segment 135 may be indium tin oxide, tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, or gallium zinc oxide. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0112] In addition, there is no limitation on the length, height and other dimensions of the light-incident-side electrode segment 135 , and they can be set according to actual needs.

[0113] As a feasible implementation manner, at least a portion of the through-hole electrode segment 132 close to the light-incident-side electrode segment 135 is a light-transmitting member.

[0114] The entire through-hole electrode segment 132 may be a light-transmitting member, so that the light absorption efficiency can be improved to the greatest extent and the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be further improved.

[0115] Alternatively, for example, only a portion of the through-hole electrode segment 132 may be a light-transmitting member, and this design allows for more flexibility in the design and manufacturing process. In addition, by using a light-transmitting material in a portion close to the light-incident-side electrode segment 135, the use of materials and costs can be saved. This embodiment is not limited to this.

[0116] There is no limitation on the material of the through-hole electrode segment 132. For example, the material of the light-transmitting through-hole electrode segment 132 may be indium tin oxide, tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide or gallium zinc oxide. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0117] In the embodiment of the present application, the portion where the through-hole electrode segment 132 is connected to the light-incident side electrode segment 135 is a light-transmitting member. In this way, the light-transmitting through-hole electrode segment 132 further allows light to penetrate into the battery cell 100, thereby maximizing light absorption. This design helps to further ensure that as much light as possible is absorbed and converted into electrical energy, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, since both the light-incident side electrode segment 135 and the through-hole electrode segment 132 are light-transmitting, it will not significantly block the incident light, thereby reducing optical losses and enhancing the overall performance of the battery. Moreover, the light-transmitting material layer not only allows light to pass through, but also effectively collects and transmits photogenerated current, ensuring that the current flows efficiently to other parts of the battery.

[0118] As a feasible implementation manner, the light transmittance of the light-transmitting element is not less than 50%.

[0119] It should be noted that the transmittance of the light-transmitting element is not limited in this embodiment. For example, the transmittance of the light-transmitting element may be greater than or equal to 50%. The transmittance of the light-transmitting element refers to the ability of the material to allow light to pass through, usually expressed as a percentage. Specifically, it refers to the ratio of the light intensity of the incident light passing through the material to the incident light intensity. The higher the transmittance, the more light the material allows to pass through, and the less light loss.

[0120] It is understandable that light-transmitting parts made of different materials have different light transmittances.

[0121] Exemplarily, when the material of the light-transmitting member is indium tin oxide, the indium tin oxide layer is one of the commonly used transparent conductive materials, with high light transmittance and good conductivity, and the light transmittance is usually between 85% and 90%. Exemplarily, when the material of the light-transmitting member is zinc aluminum oxide, the light transmittance is usually between 85% and 90%, with good light transmittance and conductivity, and low cost.

[0122] Exemplarily, when the material of the light-transmitting member is tin oxide, the light transmittance is generally between 75% and 85%. Exemplarily, when the material of the light-transmitting member is zinc gallium oxide, the light transmittance is generally between 80% and 90%.

[0123] It should be noted that the transmittance is generally within the range, and the actual transmittance may vary due to the specific material preparation process and doping concentration, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment. In addition, there is no limitation on the selection of specific light-transmitting materials, which can be selected according to actual needs.

[0124] In this way, when the transmittance of the light-transmitting component is greater than or equal to 50%, the material with higher transmittance can ensure the uniform distribution of light and reduce the occurrence of light loss; in addition, the high transmittance material can reduce the reflection loss of light in the light-incident side electrode segment 135 and the through-hole electrode segment 132, ensuring that more light enters for effective utilization.

[0125] As a feasible implementation, the first electrode 130 includes a first material layer, which is located on the light incident side 110 a of the battery unit and forms a light incident side electrode segment 135 .

[0126] As a feasible implementation, the first material layer is a light-transmitting layer. Thus, the first material layer is light-transmitting.

[0127] Exemplarily, the light-transmitting first material layer allows light to penetrate into the battery cell 100, thereby maximizing light absorption. This design ensures that as much light as possible is absorbed and converted into electrical energy, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Since the light-incident side electrode segment 135 is light-transmitting, it does not significantly block the incident light, thereby reducing optical losses and enhancing the overall performance of the battery. Moreover, the light-transmitting material layer not only allows light to pass through, but also effectively collects and transmits photogenerated current, ensuring that the current flows efficiently to other parts of the battery.

[0128] For example, the first material layer may be a transparent conductive oxide layer. The transparent conductive oxide layer is a material layer having both optical transparency and electrical conductivity. The transparent conductive oxide layer allows most visible light to pass through, maximizing the light absorption of the battery cell 100 .

[0129] At the same time, the transparent conductive oxide layer is conductive, providing an effective current collection and transmission path and reducing resistance losses.

[0130] In addition, the transparent conductive oxide layer is chemically stable and has good tolerance to environmental conditions, thereby extending the service life of the battery cell 100. The transparent conductive oxide layer is thermally stable and maintains stable performance under high temperature conditions.

[0131] The first material layer includes an indium tin oxide layer, zinc aluminum oxide, tin oxide, and zinc gallium oxide. The indium tin oxide layer has light transmittance and conductivity. The zinc aluminum oxide has light transmittance and conductivity. The tin oxide has chemical stability and light transmittance. The zinc gallium oxide has light transmittance and conductivity.

[0132] As a feasible implementation, part of the first material layer extends into the through hole 170 and forms a first extension segment 133 b ; the first extension segment 133 b forms part of the through hole electrode segment 132 .

[0133] By extending the first material layer into the through hole 170, a continuous current transmission path is formed. This design reduces the number of interfaces between the light-incident-side electrode segment 135 and the through-hole electrode segment 132, simplifies the manufacturing process of the first electrode 130, and improves the adhesion and structural integrity of the light-incident-side electrode segment 135 and the through-hole electrode segment 132. Since the first material layer is light-transmissive, its extension into the through hole 170 will not significantly block the light, ensuring the maximum absorption and conversion of light energy.

[0134] Exemplarily, the first material layer includes a first extension segment 133 b and a second extension segment 133 a , wherein the second extension segment 133 a forms the light-incident-side electrode segment 135 , and the first extension segment 133 b forms a portion of the through-hole electrode segment 132 .

[0135] It should be noted that the through hole 170 may be formed in the following two ways:

[0136] One embodiment is: refer to Figure 1 As shown, the edge of the through hole 170 close to the light incident side 110a of the battery unit is flush with the end surface of the first extension section 133b close to the light incident side 110a of the battery unit, that is, the light incident side electrode segment 135 entirely covers the through hole 170 and the first extension section 133b.

[0137] In another embodiment, the end surface of the first extension section 133 b close to the light incident side 110 a of the battery unit may protrude from the edge of the through hole 170 close to the light incident side 110 a of the battery unit.

[0138] Illustratively, in this embodiment, along the direction from the light incident side 110a of the battery cell to the backlight side 120a of the battery cell, the top surface of the first extension segment 133b may protrude from the top surface of the light incident side electrode segment 135; or, the top surface of the first extension segment 133b may be recessed in the top surface of the light incident side electrode segment 135; or, the top surface of the first extension segment 133b may be flush with the top surface of the light incident side electrode segment 135.

[0139] For example, in this embodiment, along the direction perpendicular to the light incident side 110a of the battery cell to the backlight side 120a of the battery cell, the first extension segment 133b and the light incident side electrode segment 135 may be connected to each other; or, there may be a gap between the first extension segment 133b and the light incident side electrode segment 135. This embodiment is not limited to this.

[0140] In the present application, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the light-incident-side electrode segment 135 is mainly used as an example to cover the through hole 170 and the first extension segment 133b as a whole. In this way, it helps to ensure that the light-incident side 110a of the battery unit is covered by the light-transmitting light-incident-side electrode segment 135, thereby allowing most of the incident light to penetrate and reach the first photoelectric conversion layer 112, thereby maximizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency; in addition, it is also conducive to the processing and manufacturing of the light-incident-side electrode segment 135.

[0141] As an achievable implementation, the first electrode 130 includes a second material layer 134, the second material layer 134 is located in the through hole 170 and connected to the first material layer located in the through hole 170, and the first material layer and the second material layer 134 form a through hole electrode segment 132. The combination of the first material layer and the second material layer 134 forms a continuous current path, optimizing the current transmission efficiency.

[0142] As a feasible implementation, the second material layer 134 includes a metal layer, a conductive polymer layer, and a conductive composite layer.

[0143] Exemplarily, the metal layer, the conductive polymer layer, and the conductive composite layer (the second material layer 134 ) are conductive, ensuring that current can be efficiently transmitted from the light-incident side 110 a of the battery cell to the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell, thereby reducing resistance loss.

[0144] Exemplarily, the second material layer 134 may be made of silver.

[0145] Exemplarily, the second material layer 134 may be at least one of a metal layer, a conductive polymer layer, or a composite conductive layer. For example, the second material layer 134 may be only a metal layer, or the second material layer 134 may be only a conductive polymer layer; or the second material layer 134 may be a combination of the two, that is, a composite conductive layer. This embodiment does not limit this, and the specific selection can be made according to actual needs.

[0146] It should be noted that conductive materials are generally divided into metallic materials and non-metallic materials, wherein, if it is a metal layer, the second material layer 134 is made of metallic materials, for example, it can be made of any one of gold, silver or copper materials; if it is a conductive polymer layer, the second material layer 134 is made of non-metallic materials, for example, it can be made of polyaniline materials; if it is a composite conductive layer, the second material layer 134 is made of a mixture of metallic materials and non-metallic materials.

[0147] As an achievable implementation manner, along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the battery unit 100 , an extension length of the backlight-side electrode segment 131 is smaller than an extension length of the second electrode 150 .

[0148] The thickness direction of the battery cell 100 is Figure 1 The direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the battery cell 100 is shown in FIG. Figure 1 The direction indicated by X.

[0149] For example, along Figure 1 In the X direction, the backlight side electrode segments 131 and the second electrode 150 are arranged at intervals. The backlight side electrode segments 131 directly affect the light absorption efficiency. By limiting the extension length of the backlight side electrode segments 131 and the second electrode 150, the shorter backlight side electrode segments 131 are concentrated in the area with higher current density, thereby optimizing the current collection and transmission path. The shorter backlight side electrode segments 131 may avoid ineffective absorption of light and increase the effective absorption area of ​​incident light.

[0150] By adjusting the size of the through-hole electrode segment 132 , it is possible to ensure maximum utilization of the light absorption layer, thereby improving the photon absorption efficiency.

[0151] It can be understood that the through hole 170 is disposed as close to the edge of the battery cell 100 as possible.

[0152] In some embodiments, along Figure 6 In the direction indicated by x, the through hole 170 is disposed on one side of the battery unit 100 .

[0153] In other embodiments, along Figure 6 In the direction indicated by x, the through holes 170 are disposed on both sides of the battery unit 100 .

[0154] In some other embodiments, along Figure 6 In the direction indicated by y, the through hole 170 is disposed on one side of the battery unit 100 .

[0155] In some other embodiments, along Figure 6 In the direction indicated by y, the through holes 170 are disposed on both sides of the battery unit 100 .

[0156] As a feasible implementation, the battery cell 100 includes a first battery unit 110 and a second battery unit 120 which are stacked, wherein the side of the first battery unit 110 facing away from the second battery unit 120 forms a light incident side 110a of the battery cell, and the side of the second battery unit 120 facing away from the first battery unit 110 forms a backlight side 120a of the battery cell.

[0157] For example, by stacking the first battery unit 110 and the second battery unit 120 , different battery units can absorb light of different wavelengths, thereby improving the overall light absorption rate and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery unit.

[0158] As a feasible implementation, the first battery unit 110 includes a first photoelectric conversion layer 112 and a first conductive layer 111 , and the first conductive layer 111 is disposed on a side of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 close to the light incident side 110 a of the battery unit.

[0159] The first conductive layer 111 forms a light-incident-side electrode segment 135 .

[0160] Exemplarily, the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 is a core component of the first battery unit 110, responsible for converting incident light energy into electrical energy. The first conductive layer 111 is used to collect and conduct charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated by the first photoelectric conversion layer 112. The first conductive layer 111 includes a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide, to ensure that light can effectively penetrate the photoelectric conversion layer. The light-incident side electrode segment 135 is used to optimize charge collection and reduce resistance loss.

[0161] As an achievable implementation, the second battery unit 120 includes a second photoelectric conversion layer and a conductive layer 126; the conductive layer 126 is disposed on a side of the second photoelectric conversion layer close to the backlight side 120a of the battery unit.

[0162] The conductive layer 126 includes a first sub-conductive layer 126 a and a second sub-conductive layer 126 b which are insulated from each other. The first sub-conductive layer 126 a forms the second electrode 150 , and the second sub-conductive layer 126 b forms the backlight-side electrode segment 131 .

[0163] Exemplarily, the second photoelectric conversion layer is a core component of the second battery unit 120, and is used to further convert light energy transmitted through the first battery unit 110 into electrical energy. The conductive layer 126 is used to collect and conduct charge carriers generated by the second photoelectric conversion layer.

[0164] The conductive layer 126 is responsible for collecting and transmitting the current from the second doped layer 125 .

[0165] The first sub-conductive layer 126a forms the second electrode 150, which is mainly used to collect current and transmit it to an external circuit. The second sub-conductive layer 126b forms the backlight-side electrode segment 131, which is used to transmit the current of the battery cell 100 to another battery cell 100 through the conductive structure 200.

[0166] The insulation design between the first sub-conductive layer 126a and the second sub-conductive layer 126b is to prevent current short circuit and ensure the independence and optimization of the current path.

[0167] The following description will be made by taking the case where the first battery unit 110 is a perovskite-based battery and the second battery unit 120 is a silicon-based battery as an example.

[0168] As a feasible implementation, the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 includes a perovskite layer, and a first conductive layer 111 is disposed on a side of the perovskite layer close to the light incident side 110a of the battery unit.

[0169] The first conductive layer 111 forms a light-incident-side electrode segment 135 .

[0170] Exemplarily, the perovskite layer is a core part of the first cell unit 110 , responsible for absorbing photons and generating electron-hole pairs, thereby achieving photoelectric conversion.

[0171] As the light-incident side electrode segment 135, the first conductive layer 111 is responsible for collecting the current generated by the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 and transmitting it to the external circuit of the battery. At the same time, as part of the first electrode 130, the light-incident side electrode segment 135 also provides electrical connection and forms the battery output terminal of the first battery unit 110.

[0172] As a feasible implementation, the second photoelectric conversion layer includes a base layer 121 , a first doping layer 123 and a second doping layer 125 .

[0173] A first doping layer 123 is disposed on a side of the base layer 121 close to the light incident side 110 a of the battery unit; a second doping layer 125 is disposed on a side of the base layer 121 close to the backlight side 120 a of the battery unit.

[0174] The first doping layer 123 and the second doping layer 125 have opposite doping types.

[0175] Exemplarily, the base layer 121 is usually made of a semiconductor material (such as silicon), which is responsible for absorbing photons and generating electron-hole pairs, and is the core part of photoelectric conversion.

[0176] The first doped layer 123 is usually lightly doped to form a part of the PN junction. Through doping (usually N-type or P-type doping), the first doped layer 123 helps to form an electric field, promotes the separation and transmission of electrons and holes. The second doped layer 125 is usually heavily doped to form a good ohmic contact. The second doped layer 125 helps to collect and transmit current to the electrode and reduce resistance loss.

[0177] The first doping layer 123 and the second doping layer 125 help to form an electric field, promote the separation and transmission of electrons and holes. The design of the first doping layer 123 and the second doping layer 125 optimizes the current transmission path and ensures that the current can be efficiently transmitted.

[0178] In the first battery cell, the current flows from the silicon-based battery to the perovskite-based battery, and then the current flows along the perovskite-based battery. When the current flows to the light-incident side electrode segment 135 of the perovskite-based battery, since the light-incident side electrode segment 135 is connected to the through-hole electrode segment 132 in the through-hole 170, the current flows along the through-hole electrode segment 132, and then the current flows to the backlight side electrode segment 131 of the silicon-based battery.

[0179] The light-incident-side electrode segment 135 of the perovskite-based cell is used for light transmission and for effectively collecting charge carriers. Since the top of the through hole 170 is lower than the top of the perovskite-based cell, the through hole 170 does not occupy the area of ​​the top of the perovskite cell. Compared with the perovskite silicon tandem cell in the related art, there is no need to use a welding ribbon. The perovskite silicon tandem cell provided in the embodiment of the present application avoids the shielding of the top of the perovskite-based cell by the welding ribbon, increases the light receiving area, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency. At the same time, since the perovskite silicon tandem cell provided in the embodiment of the present application does not need to use a welding ribbon, material damage caused by the connection between the welding ribbon and the perovskite-based cell is avoided, the service life of the battery is extended, and the physical and chemical reactions caused by direct contact between the welding ribbon and the perovskite-based cell are avoided, reducing the possibility of battery failure.

[0180] Exemplarily, the doping types of the first doping layer 123 and the second doping layer 125 are different to form a PN junction.

[0181] In some embodiments, the first doping layer 123 is an n-type doping layer, so that the first doping layer 123 can effectively collect photoelectrons, and its higher electron mobility helps to improve the efficiency of the battery. The second doping layer 125 is a p-type doping layer.

[0182] As a feasible implementation, the second photoelectric conversion layer further includes a first passivation layer 122 , and the first passivation layer 122 is disposed between the base layer 121 and the first doping layer 123 .

[0183] As a feasible implementation, the second photoelectric conversion layer further includes a second passivation layer 124 , and the second passivation layer 124 is disposed between the base layer 121 and the second doping layer 125 .

[0184] Exemplarily, the first passivation layer 122 is used to reduce defects and recombination centers on the surface of the silicon wafer, thereby reducing the recombination rate of carriers. The first passivation layer 122 covers the surface of the silicon wafer, reduces the surface state density, inhibits the non-radiative recombination of electrons and holes, and improves the life of carriers. The material of the first passivation layer 122 includes silicon oxide and amorphous silicon.

[0185] The function of the second passivation layer 124 is similar to that of the first passivation layer 122. The function of the second passivation layer 124 is to reduce the interface defects between the base layer 121 and the second doping layer 125, and further reduce the surface recombination rate of carriers.

[0186] As an achievable implementation, the conductive layer 126 is connected to the side of the second doped layer 125 that is away from the light incident side 110 a of the battery unit. The conductive layer 126 is responsible for collecting and transmitting the current from the second doped layer 125 .

[0187] As a feasible implementation, the battery cell 100 further includes a third conductive layer 127 , and the third conductive layer 127 is connected to a side of the first doped layer 123 close to the light incident side 110 a of the battery cell.

[0188] The third conductive layer 127 is responsible for transporting charge carriers (electrons and holes) between the first cell section 110 and the second cell section 120. This helps to combine the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the first cell section 110 and the second cell section 120, improving the overall cell unit 100 efficiency.

[0189] As an achievable implementation, the battery cell further includes a first spacing structure 140 . The first spacing structure 140 is located on the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell and between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 150 .

[0190] Exemplarily, the main function of the first spacing structure 140 is to provide electrical isolation. This is to prevent a short circuit between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 150, ensuring that the current flows along the designed path. By preventing direct electrical contact between the electrodes, the first spacing structure 140 can prevent a short circuit inside the battery, thereby protecting the function of the battery and extending its service life.

[0191] As an achievable implementation, the battery cell further includes a first insulating layer, which is located on the backlight side 120 a of the battery cell and between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 150 .

[0192] The first insulating layer forms a first spacing structure 140 .

[0193] Exemplarily, the main function of the first insulating layer is to provide electrical isolation. This is to prevent a short circuit between the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 150, ensuring that the current flows along the designed path. By preventing direct electrical contact between the electrodes, the insulating layer can prevent a short circuit inside the battery, thereby protecting the function of the battery and extending its service life.

[0194] In some embodiments, the through-hole electrode segment 132 extends downward to the outside of the through-hole 170 , and the first insulating layer is located between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the second electrode 150 .

[0195] In some other embodiments, the through-hole electrode segment 132 does not penetrate downward through the through-hole 170 , and the through-hole electrode segment 132 is electrically connected to the backlight-side electrode segment 131 located below the through-hole 170 . The first insulating layer is located between the backlight-side electrode segment 131 and the second electrode 150 .

[0196] Exemplarily, the first insulating layer may be epoxy resin insulating glue.

[0197] As a feasible implementation, part of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 extends between the through-hole electrode segment 132 of the first electrode 130 and the second doping layer 125 and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the conductive layer 126 to form a first spacing structure 140 .

[0198] In this way, on the one hand, the extended portion of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can directly participate in the charge separation and collection process, optimize the transmission path of the charge carriers, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; on the other hand, by forming the first spacing structure 140, the extended first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can effectively reduce the current leakage path, ensure that more photogenerated carriers are effectively collected, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery; on the other hand, as part of the first spacing structure 140, the extended first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can provide additional mechanical support, increase the structural stability of the battery cell 100, and prevent physical contact and damage between layers.

[0199] As a feasible implementation, the battery cell further includes a second spacing structure 141 , and the second spacing structure 141 is located between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the base layer 121 .

[0200] Exemplarily, during the use of the battery cell, the current generated by the perovskite-based battery flows along the light-incident side electrode segment 135 of the first electrode 130 to the through-hole electrode segment 132. In order to avoid a short circuit between the current flowing to the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the substrate layer 121 of the silicon-based battery, a second spacing structure 141 is arranged between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the substrate layer 121. The second spacing structure 141 provides electrical isolation to prevent current leakage or short circuit between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the substrate layer 121.

[0201] As a feasible implementation manner, the battery cell further includes a second insulating layer, and the second insulating layer is located between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the base layer 121 .

[0202] The second insulating layer forms a second spacing structure 141 .

[0203] Exemplarily, during the use of the battery cell, the current generated by the perovskite-based battery flows along the light-incident side electrode segment 135 of the first electrode 130 to the through-hole electrode segment 132. In order to avoid a short circuit between the current flowing to the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the substrate layer 121 of the silicon-based battery, a second insulating layer is arranged between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the substrate layer 121. The second insulating layer provides electrical isolation to prevent current leakage or short circuit between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the substrate layer 121.

[0204] Exemplarily, the second insulating layer may also be epoxy resin insulating glue or a passivation layer.

[0205] As a feasible implementation, part of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 extends to between the through-hole electrode segment 132 of the first electrode 130 and the base layer 121 to form a second spacing structure 141 .

[0206] In this way, on the one hand, the extended part of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can directly participate in the charge separation and collection process, optimize the transmission path of the charge carriers, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; on the other hand, by forming the second spacer structure 141, the extended first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can effectively reduce the current leakage path, ensure that more photogenerated carriers are effectively collected, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery; on the other hand, as part of the second spacer structure 141, the extended first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can provide additional mechanical support, increase the structural stability of the battery, and prevent physical contact and damage between layers.

[0207] As a feasible implementation, the battery cell further includes a third spacing structure 142 , and at least a portion of the third spacing structure 142 is located between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the first doping layer 123 , and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the third conductive layer 127 .

[0208] Exemplarily, during the use of the battery cell, the current generated by the perovskite-based battery flows along the light-incident side electrode segment 135 of the first electrode 130 to the through-hole electrode segment 132. In order to avoid the current flowing to the through-hole electrode segment 132 from short-circuiting with the silicon-based battery, a third spacing structure 142 is arranged between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the first doping layer 123, and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the third conductive layer 127. The third spacing structure 142 provides electrical isolation to prevent current leakage or short-circuiting between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the first doping layer 123, and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the third conductive layer 127.

[0209] As an achievable implementation, the battery cell further includes a third insulating layer, at least a portion of which is located between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the first doping layer 123 , and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the third conductive layer 127 .

[0210] The third insulating layer forms a third spacing structure 142 .

[0211] Exemplarily, during the use of the battery cell, the current generated by the perovskite-based battery flows along the light-incident side electrode segment 135 of the first electrode 130 to the through-hole electrode segment 132. In order to avoid a short circuit between the current flowing to the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the doping layer of the silicon-based battery, a third insulating layer is provided between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the first doping layer 123, and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the third conductive layer 127. The third insulating layer provides electrical isolation to prevent current leakage or short circuit between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the first doping layer 123, and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the third conductive layer 127.

[0212] Exemplarily, the third insulating layer may also be epoxy resin insulating glue.

[0213] As a feasible implementation, part of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 extends between the through-hole electrode segment 132 of the first electrode 130 and the first doping layer 123 and between the through-hole electrode segment 132 and the third conductive layer 127 to form a third spacing structure 142 .

[0214] In this way, on the one hand, the extended portion of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can directly participate in the charge separation and collection process, optimize the transmission path of the charge carriers, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; on the other hand, by forming the third spacing structure 142, the extended first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can effectively reduce the current leakage path, ensure that more photogenerated carriers are effectively collected, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery; on the other hand, as part of the third spacing structure 142, the extended first photoelectric conversion layer 112 can provide additional mechanical support, increase the structural stability of the battery, and prevent physical contact and damage between layers.

[0215] By providing the first spacing structure 140, the second spacing structure 141 and the third spacing structure 142, an insulating barrier is formed inside the battery cell, ensuring that the through-hole electrode segment 132 is effectively isolated throughout the through-hole 170. Effective electrical isolation reduces the risk of short circuits and current interference, and improves the safety of the battery. By precisely controlling the current path, the insulating member helps optimize the current management of the battery and improves performance.

[0216] As a feasible implementation, the extension length of the first extension section 133 b from the light incident side 110 a of the battery unit to the backlight side 120 a of the battery unit is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 .

[0217] Exemplarily, the first extension segment 133b extends into the through hole 170 to form part of the through hole electrode segment 132. The second material layer 134 is located in the through hole 170, and the second material layer 134 is connected to the first material layer located in the through hole 170 to form the through hole electrode segment 132.

[0218] The first material layer is a transparent conductive film, and the second material layer 134 is a metal part. Compared with the second material layer 134, the light transmittance of the first material is better. By making the surface of the second material layer 134 close to the light incident side 110a of the battery unit not higher than the surface of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 away from the light incident side 110a of the battery unit, it helps to improve the light absorption rate of the first photoelectric conversion layer 112.

[0219] As a feasible implementation, along the direction perpendicular to the light incident side 110a of the battery cell to the backlight side 120a of the battery cell, the spacing between adjacent through holes 170 is A, and A satisfies: 0.3 cm≤A≤4 cm.

[0220] It should be noted that the present embodiment does not limit the direction of the spacing between adjacent through holes 170. Figure 4 As shown, the spacing between adjacent through holes 170 in the Y direction may be A, and A satisfies: 0.3 cm ≤ A ≤ 4 cm. Figure 6 As shown, the distance between adjacent through holes 170 in the X direction may be A, and A satisfies: 0.3 cm≤A≤4 cm; this is not limited in this embodiment.

[0221] In addition, it should be noted that, referring to Figure 6 As shown, in the direction intersecting the X direction and the Y direction, for example Figure 6 The spacing C in the oblique direction is not limited in this embodiment. It can be understood that when the spacings in the X direction and the Y direction are determined, the spacing C in the oblique direction can be calculated, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0222] When the distance between adjacent through holes 170 is in the range of 0.3 cm to 4 cm, a reasonable hole spacing can ensure the effective transmission of current inside the battery and reduce resistance loss. Appropriate spacing helps maintain the mechanical strength of the battery and prevents structural weakening caused by too close hole spacing.

[0223] In contrast, when the spacing between the through holes 170 is less than 0.3 cm, the spacing between the through holes 170 is too small, which may reduce the mechanical strength of the battery and increase the risk of breakage or deformation. The spacing between the through holes 170 is too small and may increase the complexity and cost of the manufacturing process.

[0224] When the interval between the through holes 170 is greater than 4 cm, the excessively large interval may cause uneven current distribution and affect the overall performance of the battery.

[0225] As a feasible implementation, the short diameter of the through hole 170 is B, and B satisfies: 0.03 mm≤B≤3 mm.

[0226] When the short diameter range of the through hole 170 is 0.03mm-3mm, on the one hand, it can ensure the effective connection between the perovskite-based battery and the silicon-based battery and ensure the flow of current; on the other hand, it avoids the increase of the invalid area and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0227] In contrast, when the minor diameter of the through hole 170 is less than 0.03 mm, the smaller through hole 170 may increase the complexity and cost of the manufacturing process. Meanwhile, too small a through hole 170 may limit the current transmission capability, resulting in too high current density, thereby increasing resistance loss and heat generation.

[0228] When the minor diameter of the through hole 170 is greater than 3 mm, the larger through hole 170 may weaken the mechanical strength of the battery unit 100 and increase the risk of damage or deformation. If the through hole 170 is too large, the ineffective area in the battery will increase and the photoelectric conversion efficiency will be reduced.

[0229] It should be noted that the present embodiment does not limit the shape of the through hole 170 .

[0230] For example, refer to Figure 4 As shown, when the through hole 170 is a circular hole, the short diameter may be the inner diameter of the through hole 170 , and the short diameter of the through hole 170 may be B, where B satisfies: 0.03 mm≤B≤3 mm.

[0231] Or, refer to Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , when the through hole 170 is a square hole, the short diameter may be the shortest side length of the through hole 170. Figure 5 As shown in the spacing B in FIG. 1 , B satisfies: 0.03 mm ≤ B ≤ 3 mm. This embodiment does not limit this.

[0232] In the related art, different battery cells are connected by welding strips. Battery cells connected by welding strips occupy a large space. The welding strip used to connect different battery cells includes three parts. One part of the welding strip is located at the top of a battery cell, one part of the welding strip is located between two battery cells, and another part of the welding strip is located at the bottom of another battery cell. Due to the size of the welding strip, the battery cells connected together occupy a large space.

[0233] In addition, part of the solder strip is located on the top of the solar tandem cell, occupying the light-entering side area. In the process of connecting different battery cells, the solder strip located on the top of the battery will occupy a part of the area, resulting in a reduction in the light-entering side area of ​​the solar tandem cell and reducing the active area of ​​the battery cell, where the active area refers to the battery area that actually participates in the photoelectric conversion process. The active area is usually the effective area after deducting any inactive area (such as solder strips, wiring areas, etc.) from the light-entering side area.

[0234] In addition, taking perovskite-based cells as an example, when perovskite-based cells are used as part of solar tandem cells, the stability of perovskite-based cells is poor, and direct connection with welding ribbons can easily lead to failure, resulting in poor stability of the battery cells.

[0235] Furthermore, in a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, comprising:

[0236] at least two battery cells;

[0237] The conductive structure 200 is located on the backlight side 120a of the battery cell and connects at least two battery cells.

[0238] Illustratively, during use of the battery cell, current flows from a portion of the first electrode 130 located on the light-incident side 110a of the battery cell 100 to the first electrode 130 in the through hole 170 , then flows to the backlight side 120a of the battery cell, and then flows to another battery cell 100 through the conductive structure 200 .

[0239] In order to connect different battery cells 100, the first electrode 130 in the through hole 170 guides the current of the light-incident side 110a of the battery cell to the backlight side 120a of the battery cell, and flows to another battery cell 100 through the conductive structure 200. The conductive structure 200 realizes the connection of different battery cells. Since there is no need to leave space for the welding strip between the battery cells 100 used for connection, the space occupied by the connected battery cells 100 is reduced, and the space utilization rate of the solar cell module is improved.

[0240] Part of the first electrode 130 is located in the through hole 170 and leads to the backlight side 120a of the battery unit. The design of the current path avoids the shielding of the light-incident side 110a of the battery unit by the welding strip in the related art, does not occupy the light-incident area, increases the effective utilization of the incident light, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0241] Since no external connection or welding point is provided on the light incident side 110a of the battery unit, the contact resistance and the potential risk of poor contact are reduced, damage to the solar cell assembly is avoided, and the stability of the solar cell stack is improved.

[0242] Adjacent battery cells 100 are connected by the first electrodes 130 located in the through holes 170 and the conductive structures 200 , without having to consider the problems of misalignment and poor contact, thus simplifying the assembly process of the battery cells.

[0243] As an achievable implementation, the conductive structure 200 connects the first electrode 130 of one of the at least two battery cells located at the backlight side 120a of the battery cell, and the second electrode 150 of the other battery cell. In this way, the currents of different battery cells 100 can be superimposed, thereby increasing the output current of the entire solar cell assembly. Figure 6 In the direction indicated by x, the through hole 170 is disposed on one side of the battery unit 100 .

[0244] As an achievable implementation, the conductive structure 200 connects the first electrode 130 of one of the at least two battery cells located at the backlight side 120a of the battery cell and the first electrode 130 of the other battery cell. In this way, the voltages of different battery cells 100 can be superimposed, thereby increasing the output voltage of the entire solar cell assembly. Figure 6 In the direction y shown in FIG. 1 , in some embodiments, the through hole 170 is disposed on one side of the battery cell 100 . In other embodiments, the through hole 170 is disposed on both sides of the battery cell 100 .

[0245] As a feasible implementation, among at least two battery cells connected to each other, the backlight-side electrode segment 131 of one battery cell is connected to the second electrode 150 of another battery cell through the conductive structure 200 .

[0246] In the same battery cell 100 , the backlight-side electrode segment 131 is electrically insulated from the second electrode 150 ; in at least two interconnected battery cells 100 , the backlight-side electrode segment 131 of one battery cell 100 is connected to the second electrode 150 of another battery cell 100 through the conductive structure 200 .

[0247] For example, in the same battery cell 100, the backlight-side electrode segment 131 is electrically insulated from the second electrode 150, which prevents short circuit or unnecessary current path of the current, and ensures the safety and stability of the battery cell. The backlight-side electrode segment 131 and the second electrode 150 of different battery cells 100 are connected by the conductive structure 200. This design provides a clear and optimized current path, reduces resistance loss, and improves battery efficiency.

[0248] In some embodiments, the backlight-side electrode segment 131 of one battery cell 100 is connected to the second electrode 150 of another battery cell 100 through the conductive structure 200. In this way, a series connection is formed between the two battery cells 100.

[0249] In other embodiments, the backlight-side electrode segment 131 of one battery cell 100 is connected to the second electrode 150 of a different battery cell 100 through the conductive structure 200. In this way, one battery cell 100 is connected in series with a plurality of different battery cells 100. One battery cell 100 is connected in series with a plurality of different battery cells 100, and a plurality of different battery cells 100 are connected in parallel.

[0250] As a feasible implementation manner, at least two battery cells connected to each other include a first battery cell and a second battery cell arranged side by side; along the arrangement direction from the first battery cell to the second battery cell, the backlight side electrode segment 131 of the first battery cell is located on the side of the second electrode 150 of the first battery cell close to the second battery cell.

[0251] In some embodiments, the battery cell includes a first battery cell and a second battery cell, and the current flows from the first battery cell and the conductive structure 200 to the second battery cell.

[0252] As a feasible implementation, in at least two interconnected battery cells, the conductive structure 200 is connected to the side of the backlight side electrode segment 131 of one battery cell facing away from the light incident side 110a of the battery cell, and is connected to the side of the second electrode 150 of the other battery cell facing away from the light incident side 110a of the battery cell.

[0253] For example, the conductive structure 200 provides a low resistance path to ensure that current can be efficiently transmitted from one battery cell 100 to another battery cell 100, reducing power loss. By connecting different battery cells 100 in series, the conductive structure 200 allows the voltages of each cell to be superimposed, thereby increasing the output voltage of the entire battery module, and the battery cell is suitable for applications requiring higher voltages.

[0254] In some embodiments, the conductive structure 200 is located at the same layer as the backlight-side electrode segments 131 and the second electrode 150. The conductive structure 200 electrically connects the backlight-side electrode segments 131 of one battery cell 100 and the second electrode 150 of another battery cell 100.

[0255] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including a solar cell module.

[0256] It is understandable that, since the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application adopts the technical solution of the above-mentioned solar cell module embodiment, it at least has the beneficial effects brought by the technical solution of the above-mentioned embodiment, which will not be described one by one here.

[0257] The following describes how to prepare a battery unit, taking the first battery unit 110 as a perovskite-based battery and the second battery unit 120 as a silicon-based battery as an example.

[0258] As an achievable implementation method, a method for preparing a battery cell includes:

[0259] forming a second battery unit 120;

[0260] forming a first battery unit 110;

[0261] The first battery unit 110 is located on one side of the second battery unit 120 , the side of the first battery unit 110 away from the second battery unit 120 forms a light incident side 110 a , and the side of the second battery unit 120 away from the first battery unit 110 forms a backlight side 120 a ;

[0262] A conductive structure 200 is formed.

[0263] As an achievable implementation manner, forming the second battery unit 120 includes:

[0264] forming a base layer 121;

[0265] forming a first through hole in the base layer 121;

[0266] An initial passivation layer is formed on the surface of the base layer 121, a portion of the initial passivation layer is located on the inner wall of the first through hole, and the initial passivation layer located in the first through hole surrounds a second through hole;

[0267] A mask layer is formed on the top and bottom of the base layer 121, respectively, and the mask layer covers the second through hole;

[0268] Forming an initial first doping layer 123 on the top of the base layer 121 through the mask layer, forming an initial second doping layer 125 on the bottom of the base layer 121 through the mask layer, and removing the mask layer;

[0269] The initial first doping layer 123 and the initial second doping layer 125 are etched, the second material layer 134 is located in the second through hole, and the second insulating layer is located between the second material layer 134 and the first doping layer 123; the initial passivation layer forms the second insulating layer.

[0270] For example, the substrate layer 121 may be a silicon wafer. Silicon wafers are silicon-based cells that are mainly responsible for light absorption and photoelectric conversion. Silicon materials have good semiconductor properties and can effectively absorb sunlight and generate electron-hole pairs.

[0271] Under light, electrons within the silicon wafer are excited to the conduction band, forming charge carriers (electrons and holes), which are separated under the action of the electric field and generate current.

[0272] Exemplarily, the silicon wafer is one of a P-type silicon wafer and an N-type silicon wafer.

[0273] Exemplarily, a first through hole is formed on a silicon wafer by laser scribing. The power range of the laser scribing is 10W-50W. When the laser scribing power is 10W-50W, the laser scribing process can form the first through hole, and the depth of the first through hole is the thickness of the silicon wafer.

[0274] Furthermore, the silicon wafer provided with the first through hole is pre-cleaned and textured to remove the damaged layer on the silicon wafer surface and in the through hole, reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated carriers, and at the same time, a textured surface is formed on the silicon wafer surface to reduce the reflectivity.

[0275] A passivation layer is deposited on both sides of the front and back of the silicon wafer after pre-cleaning and texturing, respectively, to form a first passivation layer 122 and a second passivation layer 124.

[0276] In some embodiments, the material of the passivation layer is amorphous silicon. The passivation layer of amorphous silicon material is deposited on the surface of the silicon wafer by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and the thickness of the passivation layer ranges from 5nm to 50nm. When the thickness of the passivation layer is within the range of 5nm to 50nm, the surface defects of the silicon wafer can be effectively passivated, and parasitic absorption can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery.

[0277] In other embodiments, the material of the passivation layer is silicon oxide. The passivation layer of silicon oxide material is prepared on the silicon wafer by thermal oxidation or wet chemical oxidation. The thickness of the passivation layer ranges from 1nm to 50nm. When the thickness of the passivation layer is within the range of 1nm to 50nm, the surface defects of the silicon wafer can be effectively passivated, and parasitic absorption can be reduced to improve the efficiency of the battery.

[0278] Furthermore, the first doping layer 123 and the second doping layer 125 are continuously deposited on both sides of the silicon wafer on which the passivation layer is prepared. The existence of the first doping layer 123 and the second doping layer 125 forms an electric field, which promotes the separation and directional movement of electrons and holes, thereby improving the current and conversion efficiency of the silicon-based battery. The thickness of the first doping layer 123 and the second doping layer 125 are both in the range of 5-50nm. Within this thickness range, a PN junction can be formed on both sides of the silicon wafer.

[0279] For example, by setting a mask, during the preparation of the initial first doping layer 123 and the initial second doping layer 125 , the mask can prevent the initial first doping layer 123 and the initial second doping layer 125 from being deposited in the second through hole, thereby avoiding leakage problems.

[0280] Furthermore, a third conductive layer 127 and a conductive layer 126 are respectively prepared on both sides of the silicon wafer on which the doped layer is prepared, wherein the conductive layer 126 is arranged on a side of the second battery unit 120 away from the first battery unit 110 .

[0281] For example, by setting a mask, during the preparation process of the third conductive layer 127 and the conductive layer 126 , the mask can prevent the third conductive layer 127 and the conductive layer 126 from being deposited in the second through hole, thereby avoiding leakage problems.

[0282] Furthermore, the structural metal parts are prepared by screen printing or steel screen printing. After printing, a suction process can be added near the front structure of the second battery unit 120 to allow the conductive paste to be evenly distributed in the second through hole, and dried or annealed to form a good ohmic contact.

[0283] Furthermore, a laser scribing process is performed on the side of the silicon wafer on which the conductive layer 126 and the third conductive layer 127 are prepared, which is close to the first battery unit 110, and the scribing direction surrounds the first through hole to form a fourth through hole, and a third spacing structure is formed between the fourth through hole and the first through hole. The third spacing structure penetrates the third conductive layer 127 and the first doped layer 123.

[0284] Exemplarily, the surrounding distance of the third spacing structure is 0-1.5 mm, and the surrounding distance refers to the distance between the fourth through hole and the center of the first through hole. The depth of the first partition structure is 1 nm-3000 nm, so that the third spacing structure can minimize the loss of active area under the premise of partition.

[0285] Furthermore, a laser scribing process is performed on the side of the silicon wafer facing away from the first battery unit 110, and the scribing direction overlaps with the first through hole to form a fifth through hole, and the fifth through hole is offset from the first through hole to the side close to the second electrode 150 to form a first spacing structure. The first spacing structure penetrates the conductive layer 126 and the second doping layer 125.

[0286] Exemplarily, the deviation distance range of the first spacing structure is 0.01 mm-1.5 mm, and the depth of the first partition structure is 1 nm-3000 nm, which can minimize the loss of active area under the premise of partition.

[0287] Furthermore, epoxy resin insulating glue is printed on the third partition structure by screen printing, and then dried and cured to form a third insulating layer, and the width of the epoxy resin insulating glue ranges from 0.01mm to 1.5mm. This can further stabilize the partition structure and provide a certain degree of water and oxygen barrier.

[0288] Furthermore, epoxy resin insulating glue is printed on the first partition structure by screen printing, and then dried and cured to form a first insulating layer, and the width of the epoxy resin insulating glue ranges from 0.01mm to 1.5mm. This can further stabilize the partition structure and provide a certain degree of water and oxygen barrier.

[0289] As an achievable implementation manner, forming the first battery unit 110 includes:

[0290] forming an initial photoelectric conversion layer, the initial photoelectric conversion layer being on top of the second battery portion 120;

[0291] forming a third through hole in the initial photoelectric conversion layer and forming the first photoelectric conversion layer 112;

[0292] A light-transmissive first material layer is formed, the first material layer covers the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 and extends to the third through hole.

[0293] Exemplarily, on a side of the second battery portion 120 away from the backlight side 120a of the battery unit, a hole functional layer, an initial photoelectric conversion layer and an electronic functional layer are sequentially prepared by a coating process.

[0294] Exemplarily, the raw materials for preparing the hole functional layer include poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]PTAA, 3-hexylthiophene polymer P3HT, cuprous iodide CuI, cuprous thiocyanate CuSCN, nickel oxide NiO X , copper porphyrin complex CuPc, and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) materials with acetate, borate, thiol, phosphonate, etc.; these materials can improve the transmission efficiency of holes.

[0295] Exemplarily, the raw materials for preparing the electronic functional layer include SnO2, TiO2, ZnO2, tungsten oxide, PC 61 BM, PC 71 BM, C 60 , C 70 , these materials can improve the transmission efficiency of electrons.

[0296] Exemplarily, a work function adjustment layer is deposited on the electronic functional layer, wherein the work function adjustment layer includes bis(1,10-phenanthroline) dicyanobenzoquinone (Bathocuproine, BCP).

[0297] Exemplarily, the first photoelectric conversion layer 112 may be a perovskite functional layer, the precursor of the perovskite functional layer is an ABX3 type perovskite, wherein A is selected from at least one of methylamine, formamidine, cesium, rubidium, potassium, and sodium; B is selected from at least one of lead, tin, germanium, and bismuth; X is selected from at least one of iodine, bromine, and chlorine; the additive of the precursor of the perovskite functional layer includes at least one of lead chloride, lead thiocyanate, chloromethylamine, and potassium thiocyanate. The carrier solvent of the precursor of the perovskite functional layer includes at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, γ-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and 2-methoxyethanol. The concentration range of the precursor of the perovskite functional layer is 0.6-2.0M, and the concentration of the additive is 0.001-15mg / mL.

[0298] The perovskite layer is the core light-absorbing material of perovskite-based cells. It is responsible for absorbing sunlight and generating electron-hole pairs (i.e., photogenerated charge carriers).

[0299] Perovskite materials have excellent light absorption properties and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. They can effectively absorb photons in a wide spectral range and promote the generation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers through their crystal structure. This enables perovskite cells to achieve efficient photoelectric conversion in thinner material layers.

[0300] Exemplarily, the cleaned second battery unit 120 is placed on a slit coater, and the precursor of the perovskite functional layer is uniformly coated on the surface of the second battery unit 120 to form a perovskite wet film.

[0301] Furthermore, an airflow-assisted process or a vacuum flash evaporation process is used to evenly remove most of the solvent in the perovskite precursor wet film to obtain a perovskite pre-crystallization film dry film.

[0302] Further, the perovskite pre-crystallized dry film is annealed to obtain a perovskite film. During the annealing process, the annealing temperature ranges from 70 to 200° C., and the annealing time ranges from 1 to 120 minutes.

[0303] Exemplarily, the thickness of the perovskite functional layer is 300-1500 nm, and this thickness range can achieve absorption of short wavelengths while minimizing unnecessary carrier recombination in the perovskite film.

[0304] The electronic functional layer is laser-drilled along a direction overlapping with the first through hole to remove the perovskite functional layer structure and expose the metal parts of the second battery unit 120 .

[0305] Furthermore, a first conductive layer 111 is deposited on the electronic functional layer. The first conductive layer 111 can simultaneously connect the structural metal electrode in the middle of the silicon bottom cell to achieve conduction.

[0306] In some embodiments, the first conductive layer 111 is deposited by physical vapor deposition or sputtering, and the thickness of the first conductive layer 111 is in the range of 20-500 nm, so that an effective connection can be formed and parasitic absorption can be minimized.

[0307] As an achievable implementation manner, forming the conductive structure 200 includes:

[0308] A conductive structure 200 is formed on a side of the first battery cell and the second battery cell facing away from the first battery portion 110 .

[0309] Exemplarily, the conductive structure 200 may be a solder strip or a conductive adhesive, and the conductive structure 200 is used to electrically connect the first electrode 130 of one battery cell 100 and the second electrode 150 of another battery cell 100 .

[0310] Exemplarily, the conductive structure 200 may also be a metal layer deposited on a substrate, and the metal layer electrically connects different battery cells 100 .

[0311] It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0312] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" merely represents a type of association relationship that describes associated objects, indicating that three types of relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone. In addition, the term "at least one" represents any combination of at least two of any one or more of a plurality of types. For example, at least one of A, B, may represent any one or more elements selected from a set that communicates A, B, and C.

[0313] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the term "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise precisely and specifically specified.

[0314] In the description of the embodiment of the present application, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if present) are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequential order. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0315] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery cell, characterized in that: include: A first electrode (130), a portion of the first electrode (130) being located on a light incident side (110a) of the battery unit; A second electrode (150), the second electrode (150) being located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit; The battery cell is provided with a through hole (170) extending from the light incident side (110a) of the battery cell to the backlight side (120a) of the battery cell, and part of the first electrode (130) is located in the through hole (170) and leads to the backlight side (120a) of the battery cell; The light incident side (110a) of the battery unit and the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit are respectively located on two opposite sides of the battery unit; A conductive layer (126) is provided on the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit, and different parts of the conductive layer (126) are electrically insulated and respectively form the first electrode (130) and the second electrode (150) located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit.

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electrode (130) comprises a backlight-side electrode segment (131), and the backlight-side electrode segment (131) is located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit; a portion of the conductive layer (126) forms the backlight-side electrode segment (131); The backlight-side electrode segment (131) is electrically insulated from the second electrode (150).

3. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first electrode (130) comprises a through-hole electrode segment (132), and the through-hole electrode segment (132) is located in the through-hole (170); One end of the through-hole electrode segment (132) close to the backlight side (120a) is connected to the backlight side electrode segment (131).

4. The battery cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first electrode (130) comprises a light-incident-side electrode segment (135), wherein the light-incident-side electrode segment (135) is located on the light-incident side (110a) of the battery unit and is connected to the through-hole electrode segment (132) located in the through-hole (170).

5. The battery cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least a portion of the through-hole electrode segment (132) close to the light-incident-side electrode segment (135) is a light-transmitting member.

6. The battery cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The light transmittance of the light-transmitting element is not less than 50%.

7. The battery cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first electrode (130) comprises a first material layer, the first material layer is located on the light incident side (110a) of the battery unit and forms the light incident side electrode segment (135).

8. The battery cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: A portion of the first material layer extends into the through hole (170) and forms a first extension segment (133b); the first extension segment (133b) forms a portion of the through hole electrode segment (132).

9. The battery cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first material layer is a light-transmitting layer.

10. The battery cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first electrode (130) includes a second material layer (134), the second material layer (134) is located in the through hole (170) and connected to the first material layer located in the through hole (170), and the first material layer and the second material layer (134) form the through hole electrode segment (132).

11. The battery cell according to claim 10, characterized in that: The second material layer (134) includes a metal layer, a conductive polymer layer, and a conductive composite layer.

12. The battery cell according to claim 8, characterized in that Along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the battery unit, the extension length of the backlight-side electrode segment (131) is smaller than the extension length of the second electrode (150).

13. The battery cell according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that: The battery unit comprises a first battery unit (110) and a second battery unit (120) which are stacked, wherein the side of the first battery unit (110) facing away from the second battery unit (120) forms a light incident side (110a) of the battery unit, and the side of the second battery unit (120) facing away from the first battery unit (110) forms a backlight side (120a) of the battery unit.

14. The battery cell according to claim 13, characterized in that: The first battery unit (110) comprises a first photoelectric conversion layer (112) and a first conductive layer (111), wherein the first conductive layer (111) is disposed on a side of the first photoelectric conversion layer (112) close to a light incident side (110a) of the battery unit; The first conductive layer (111) forms the light-incident-side electrode segment (135).

15. The battery cell according to claim 14, characterized in that The second battery unit (120) comprises a second photoelectric conversion layer and the conductive layer (126); the conductive layer (126) is disposed on a side of the second photoelectric conversion layer close to the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit; The conductive layer (126) comprises a first sub-conductive layer (126a) and a second sub-conductive layer (126b) which are insulated from each other, the first sub-conductive layer (126a) forming the second electrode (150), and the second sub-conductive layer (126b) forming the backlight-side electrode segment (131).

16. The battery cell according to claim 15, characterized in that The first photoelectric conversion layer (112) comprises a perovskite layer, and the first conductive layer (111) is disposed on a side of the perovskite layer close to the light incident side (110a) of the battery unit.

17. The battery cell according to claim 16, characterized in that: The second photoelectric conversion layer comprises a base layer (121), a first doping layer (123) and a second doping layer (125); A first doping layer (123) is provided on a side of the base layer (121) close to the light incident side (110a) of the battery unit; a second doping layer (125) is provided on a side of the base layer (121) close to the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit; The first doping layer (123) and the second doping layer (125) have opposite doping types.

18. The battery cell according to claim 17, characterized in that The second photoelectric conversion layer further comprises a first passivation layer (122), wherein the first passivation layer (122) is arranged between the base layer (121) and the first doping layer (123); And / or, the second photoelectric conversion layer further includes a second passivation layer (124), and the second passivation layer (124) is arranged between the base layer (121) and the second doping layer (125).

19. The battery cell according to claim 18, characterized in that The conductive layer (126) is connected to a side of the second doped layer (125) that is away from the light incident side (110a) of the battery unit.

20. The battery cell according to claim 19, characterized in that It also includes a third conductive layer (127), wherein the third conductive layer (127) is connected to a side of the first doped layer (123) close to the light incident side (110a) of the battery unit.

21. The battery cell according to claim 20, characterized in that The invention also comprises a first spacing structure (140), wherein the first spacing structure (140) is located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit and between the first electrode (130) and the second electrode (150).

22. The battery cell according to claim 21, characterized in that It also includes a first insulating layer, which is located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit and between the first electrode (130) and the second electrode (150); The first insulating layer forms the first spacing structure (140).

23. The battery cell according to claim 21, characterized in that Part of the first photoelectric conversion layer (112) extends between the through-hole electrode segment (132) of the first electrode (130) and the second doping layer (125), and between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the conductive layer (126), forming the first spacing structure (140).

24. The battery cell according to claim 20, characterized in that It also includes a second spacing structure (141), wherein the second spacing structure (141) is located between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the base layer (121).

25. The battery cell according to claim 24, characterized in that It also includes a second insulating layer, wherein the second insulating layer is located between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the base layer (121); The second insulating layer forms the second spacing structure (141).

26. The battery cell according to claim 24, characterized in that Part of the first photoelectric conversion layer (112) extends between the through-hole electrode segment (132) of the first electrode (130) and the base layer (121), forming the second spacing structure (141).

27. The battery cell according to claim 20, characterized in that It also includes a third spacing structure (142), at least part of which is located between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the first doping layer (123), and between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the third conductive layer (127).

28. The battery cell according to claim 27, characterized in that It also includes a third insulating layer, at least part of which is located between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the first doped layer (123), and between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the third conductive layer (127); The third insulating layer forms the third spacing structure (142).

29. The battery cell according to claim 27, characterized in that Part of the first photoelectric conversion layer (112) extends between the through-hole electrode segment (132) of the first electrode (130) and the first doping layer (123), and between the through-hole electrode segment (132) and the third conductive layer (127), to form the third spacing structure (142).

30. The battery cell according to claim 14, characterized in that Along the light incident side (110a) of the battery unit to the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit, the extension length of the first extension section (133b) is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first photoelectric conversion layer (112).

31. The battery cell according to any one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that: The number of the through holes (170) is at least two, and the number of the through hole electrode segments (132) of the first electrode (130) is at least two; along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the battery unit, the plurality of through holes (170) are arranged at intervals; At least two of the through-hole electrode segments (132) are correspondingly located in at least two of the through-holes (170).

32. The battery cell according to claim 31, characterized in that Along a direction perpendicular to the light incident side (110a) of the battery unit to the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit, the spacing between adjacent through holes (170) is A, and A satisfies: 0.3cm≤A≤4cm.

33. The battery cell according to claim 28, characterized in that The short diameter of the through hole (170) is B, and B satisfies: 0.03 mm ≤ B ≤ 3 mm.

34. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: At least two battery cells according to any one of claims 1 to 33; The conductive structure (200) is located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery unit and connects at least two of the battery units.

35. The solar cell assembly according to claim 34, characterized in that The conductive structure (200) connects a first electrode (130) of one of at least two battery cells, which is located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery cell, and a second electrode (150) of the other battery cell.

36. The solar cell assembly according to claim 34, characterized in that The conductive structure (200) connects a first electrode (130) of one of at least two battery cells located on the backlight side (120a) of the battery cell and a first electrode (130) of the other battery cell.

37. The solar cell assembly according to claim 35, characterized in that In at least two of the battery cells connected to each other, the backlight-side electrode segment (131) of one of the battery cells is connected to the second electrode (150) of another of the battery cells via the conductive structure (200).

38. The solar cell assembly according to claim 37, characterized in that At least two of the battery cells connected to each other include a first battery cell and a second battery cell arranged side by side; along the arrangement direction from the first battery cell to the second battery cell, the backlight side electrode segment (131) of the first battery cell is located on a side of the second electrode (150) of the first battery cell close to the second battery cell.

39. The solar cell assembly according to claim 37, characterized in that In at least two of the battery cells connected to each other, the conductive structure (200) is connected to a side of the backlight-side electrode segment (131) of one of the battery cells that faces away from the light-incident side (110a) of the battery cell, and is connected to a side of the second electrode (150) of another of the battery cells that faces away from the light-incident side (110a) of the battery cell.

40. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: A solar cell module comprising any one of claims 34-39.

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