Candidate cell CQI report triggering

Abstract

The WTRU may receive configuration information associated with a neighboring cell, the configuration information including an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and / or an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement. The first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be L1 measurements. The WTRU may perform a measurement associated with the first type of measurement on a neighboring cell. The WTRU may determine, based on the measurement, that the neighbor cell satisfies the reporting condition. The WTRU may send a request to activate a second type of measurement for a neighboring cell. The WTRU may receive an activation command for reporting measurements associated with a second type on a neighboring cell. The WTRU may perform measurements associated with the second type on neighboring cells, and may send a report indicating one or more measurement values associated with the measurements of the second type.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 410,800 filed on September 28, 2022, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 421,780 filed on November 2, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 445,526 filed on February 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0003] In order to perform fast switching between cells, and in particular between SpCells (e.g., PCell and / or PSCell), there may need to be some pre-configuration of candidate cells at the RRC layer so that the configuration of the target SpCell(s) is applied when an indication is received from L1 / 2. The candidate cell may have at least one of a SpCell configuration and a SCell configuration, which may be dynamically applied based on an indication at a lower layer (MAC CE or DCI).

[0004] However, frequent CSI reporting, especially for multiple beams on multiple neighboring cells, can result in significant uplink signaling overhead. In addition, the burden on the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) processing can be significant if it needs to frequently measure and report on many non-serving cells / beams. Summary of the invention

[0005] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive a configuration of one or more first type of measurements and a reporting configuration of the first type and one or more second type of measurements. The WTRU may associate the first type of measurements with the second type of measurements based on a condition. For example, the second type of measurements may be started when a condition based on the first type of measurements is met. The WTRU may perform the first type of measurements. The WTRU may evaluate the condition associated with the first type of measurements. The WTRU may perform the second type of measurements (e.g., once the condition associated with the first type of measurements is met). Dynamic configuration of QCL sources for TCI states and / or SSB resources for CSI SSB resource sets may be performed, for example, based on the WTRU autonomously detecting the best SSB resources.

[0006] The WTRU may receive configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells from a serving cell (e.g., a network). The configuration information may include an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and / or an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement. For example, the first type of measurement may be a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement, and the reporting condition may be a layer 1 (L1) measurement event trigger condition. The configuration information may include configuration information for the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement for each of the plurality of neighboring cells.

[0007] The WTRU may perform measurements associated with a first type of measurement on a neighboring cell of one or more neighboring cells. The WTRU may determine that the neighboring cell meets the reporting condition based on the measurements associated with the first type of measurement. The WTRU may send a request to the serving cell to activate a second type of measurement on the neighboring cell based on determining that the neighboring cell meets the reporting condition. The request may be included in a MAC CE and / or a scheduling request.

[0008] The WTRU may receive an activation command from a serving cell for reporting measurements associated with a second type of measurement on a neighboring cell. The activation command may be received in one or more of a DCI or a MAC CE. The WTRU may perform measurements associated with the second type of measurement on a neighboring cell and send a report to the serving cell indicating one or more measurement values ​​associated with the second type of measurement. The second type of measurement may include channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) based measurements of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell. The first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be L1 measurements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0010] Figure 1B is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within the communication system is shown;

[0011] Figure 1C is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within the illustrated communication system;

[0012] Figure 1D is a diagram showing that according to an embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of another example RAN and another example CN used within the illustrated communication system;

[0013] Figure 2 An example high-level measurement model is shown.

[0014] Figure 3 An example of a handover scenario is shown.

[0015] Figure 4 An example of conditional handover configuration and execution is shown.

[0016] Figure 5 An example of L1 / 2 inter-cell mobility operation using carrier aggregation is shown, whereby a candidate cell group can be configured through RRC and dynamic switching of PCell and SCell can be achieved using L1 / 2 signaling.

[0017] Figure 6 An example of a CSI report is shown.

[0018] Figure 7 An example of WTRU controlled CSI reporting activation is shown.

[0019] Figure 8 An example of network controlled CSI reporting activation is shown.

[0020] Fig. 9 An example of WTRU autonomous CSI reporting in L1 is shown.

[0021] Fig.10 An example of network controlled CSI reporting activation in L1 is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word DFT-spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0023] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110, and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. As examples, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a "station" and / or "STA") may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0024] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to facilitate access to one or more communication networks (e.g., the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112) by wirelessly interfacing with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, an NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0025] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of a licensed spectrum and an unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may also be divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0026] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0027] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0028] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0029] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0030] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0031] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), GSM Enhanced Data rates for Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0032] For example, Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the example may be a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may utilize any appropriate RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., an air corridor for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or a femtocell. Figure 1A As shown, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0033] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, delay requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calls, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1A Although not shown, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0034] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use a common communication protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0035] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0036] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0037] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal encoding and decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it is understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0038] The send / receive element 122 may be configured to send or receive signals to or from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via an air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to send and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, for example, the send / receive element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to send and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be configured to send and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It should be understood that the send / receive element 122 may be configured to send and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0039] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is Figure 1B 102 as a single element, but the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for sending and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0040] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0041] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and may receive user input data from the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keyboard 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0042] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0043] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information via any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0044] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game console module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0045] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with particular subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference via hardware (e.g., choke) or via signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., signals associated with particular subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) or ...

[0046] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 104 and the CN 106 in accordance with an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0047] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0048] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0049] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0050] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0051] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during inter-eNode-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0052] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0053] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0054] Although the WTRU Figures 1A to 1D Although described as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may use (eg, temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0055] In a representative embodiment, other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0056] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for a BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that loads traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS to a STA may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA to a destination outside the BSS may be transmitted to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be transmitted through the AP, for example, where a source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be transmitted between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly between the source STA and the destination STA) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11 e DLS or 802.11 z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0057] When using the 802.11 ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP may send beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, such as in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected by a particular STA and / or determined to be busy, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0058] A high throughput (HT) STA may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, by combining a 20 MHz primary channel with a 20 MHz adjacent or non-adjacent channel to form the 40 MHz wide channel.

[0059] Very High Throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining consecutive 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 consecutive 20MHz channels or by combining two non-contiguous 80MHz channels, which can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be subjected to inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing respectively. These streams can be mapped onto two 80MHz channels, and the data can be sent by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be transmitted to the medium access control (MAC).

[0060] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1GHz. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced relative to the channel operating bandwidth and carrier used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter type control / machine type communication, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0061] WLAN systems (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (which only supports the 1MHz operating mode) sends to the AP, the entire available band may be considered busy even if most of the band remains idle and available.

[0062] In the United States, the available frequency band that 802.11 ah can use is from 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. Depending on the country code, the total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6MHz to 26MHz.

[0063] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0064] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation techniques. For example, the gNB 180a may send multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) techniques. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b (and / or the gNB 180c).

[0065] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting different lengths of absolute time).

[0066] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchors. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as an eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0067] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information to an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, and the like. Figure 1D As shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0068] Figure 1DThe illustrated CN 115 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and may include a data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0069] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing in order to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service utilized by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for machine type communication (MTC) access, and the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0070] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0071] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0072] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local data network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0073] Given that Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D One or more or all of the functions described herein for one or more of the WTRUs 102a to 102d, base stations 114a to 114b, eNodeBs 160a to 160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a to 180c, AMFs 182a to 182ab, UPFs 184a to 184b, SMFs 183a to 183b, DNs 185a to 185b, and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0074] The simulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For testing purposes, the simulation device can be directly coupled to another device, and / or over-the-air wireless communication can be used to perform the test.

[0075] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions (including all functions) while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be utilized in a test scenario in a test lab and / or a non-deployed (e.g., tested) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test equipment. The simulation device can send and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuits (e.g., which can include one or more antennas).

[0076] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may perform one or more measurements. In the RRC_CONNECTED state, the WTRU may measure multiple (e.g., at least one) beams of a cell, and the measurements (e.g., power values) may be averaged to derive cell quality. In doing so, the WTRU may be configured to consider a subset of the detected beams. Filtering may be performed at one or more (e.g., two) different levels: for example, at the physical layer to derive beam quality, and at the RRC level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. Cell quality may be derived from beam measurements in the same manner for one or more serving cells and one or more non-serving cells. The measurement report may contain measurement results for the X best beams (e.g., if the WTRU is configured to do so by the gNB).

[0077] Figure 2 An example high-level measurement model is shown. Figure 2 As shown, “K beams” may correspond to measurements on SS blocks (SSBs) or CSI-RS resources configured by the gNB for L3 mobility and detected by the WTRU at L1. “A” may refer to measurements internal to the physical layer (e.g., beam-specific samples). “Layer 1 filtering” may refer to internal layer 1 filtering of the input measured at point A. The exact filtering may be implementation dependent. How the measurement is actually performed in the physical layer (e.g., input A and layer 1 filtering) may not be constrained by the implementation. “A 1" may refer to measurements reported by Layer 1 to Layer 3 after filtering by Layer 1 (e.g., beam-specific measurements). "Beam combining / selection" may refer to combining beam-specific measurements to derive cell quality. The behavior of beam combining / selection may be standardized and the configuration of this module may be provided by RRC signaling. The reporting period at B may be equal to A 1 The measurement period at which the POSITION_CONTENT is set (e.g., one measurement period).

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, "B" may refer to a measurement (e.g., cell quality) derived from beam-specific measurements reported to Layer 3 after beam merging / selection. "Layer 3 filtering for cell quality" may refer to filtering performed on the measurement provided at point B. The behavior of the Layer 3 filter may be standardized, and the configuration of the Layer 3 filter may be provided by RRC signaling. The filtering reporting period at C may be equal to the measurement period at B (e.g., one measurement period). "C" may refer to the measurement after processing in the Layer 3 filter. The reporting rate may be similar (e.g., the same) as the reporting rate at point B. The measurement may be used as input to one or more evaluations of reporting criteria. "Evaluation of reporting criteria" may refer to checking whether an actual measurement report is required at point D. The evaluation may be based on more than one measurement stream at reference point C (e.g., to compare between different measurements), for example, as inputs to C and C 1 The WTRU may (e.g., at least) whenever at points C, C 1 The reporting criteria may be standardized and the configuration may be provided by RRC signaling (eg, WTRU measurements). “D” may refer to measurement report information (eg, messages) transmitted over the radio interface.

[0079] like Figure 2 As shown, "L3 beam filtering" can refer to the 1 The filtering performed on the measurements provided at A (e.g., beam-specific measurements). The behavior of the beam filter may be standardized and the configuration of the beam filter may be provided by RRC signaling. The filtering reporting period at E may be equal to A 1 The reporting rate may be the same as point A. 1 The same reporting rate as at point E. This measurement may be used as input for selecting X measurements to be reported. "Beam selection for beam reporting" may refer to selecting X measurements from the measurements provided at point E. The behavior of beam selection may be standardized and the configuration of this module may be provided by RRC signaling. "F" may refer to beam measurement information included in a measurement report on the radio interface (e.g., a measurement report transmitted on the radio interface).

[0080] Layer 1 filtering may introduce a certain level of measurement averaging. How and when the WTRU performs the required measurements may be implementation specific, as long as the point of output at B meets one or more performance requirements. Layer 3 filtering for cell quality and the associated parameters used may be specified and may not introduce any delay in sample availability between B and C. C 1 Can be an input used in event evaluation. L3 beam filtering and related parameters used can be specified, and no delay in sample availability between E and F can be introduced.

[0081] The measurement report may be characterized by one or more of the following. The measurement report may include a measurement identifier of an associated measurement configuration that triggers the report. The cell and beam measurement quantities to be included in the measurement report may be configured by the network. The number of non-serving cells to be reported may be limited by the configuration of the network. Cells belonging to an exclusion list configured by the network are not used for event evaluation and / or reporting. Conversely, when an allowed list is configured by the network, cells belonging to the allowed list (e.g., only cells belonging to the allowed list) may be used for event evaluation and / or reporting. The beam measurements to be included in the measurement report may be configured by the network (e.g., only a beam identifier, measurement results and a beam identifier, and / or no beam report).

[0082] Intra-frequency neighbor (e.g., cell) measurements and inter-frequency neighbor (e.g., cell) measurements may be defined as follows. If the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbor cell are the same and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is also the same, the measurement may be defined as an intra-frequency measurement based on the SSB. If the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbor cell are different, or if the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is different, the measurement may be defined as an inter-frequency measurement based on the SSB.

[0083] For SSB based measurements, a measurement object (eg, one measurement object) may correspond to an SSB (eg, one SSB), and the WTRU may consider different SSBs as different cells.

[0084] The measurement may be defined as a CSI-RS-based intra-frequency measurement, provided that: the subcarrier spacing of the CSI-RS resources on the neighboring cell configured for measurement is the same as the SCS of the CSI-RS resources on the serving cell indicated for measurement; 60kHz subcarrier spacing, the cyclic prefix (CP) type of the CSI-RS resources on the neighboring cell configured for measurement is the same as the CP type of the CSI-RS resources on the serving cell indicated for measurement; and / or the center frequency of the CSI-RS resources on the neighboring cell configured for measurement is the same as the center frequency of the CSI-RS resources on the serving cell indicated for measurement. If the measurement is a CSI-RS-based measurement that is not a CSI-RS-based intra-frequency measurement, the measurement may be defined as a CSI-RS-based inter-frequency measurement. For example, if one or more conditions are not met even for the same carrier (e.g., if the subcarrier spacing is different), the CSI-RS-based measurement may be defined as a CSI-RS-based inter-frequency measurement. Extended CP for CSI-RS-based measurement may be supported.

[0085] Whether the measurement is non-gap assisted or gap assisted may depend on the capabilities of the WTRU, the active BWP of the WTRU and / or the current operating frequency. For inter-frequency measurements based on SSB, if the WTRU reports measurement gap requirement information, the measurement gap configuration may be provided based on the reported information. Otherwise, the measurement gap configuration may be provided (e.g., always) in the following cases: if the WTRU supports (e.g., only supports) measurement gaps for each WTRU and / or if the WTRU supports measurement gaps for each frequency range (FR) and any of the serving cells are in the same frequency range of the measurement object. For intra-frequency measurements based on SSB, if the WTRU reports measurement gap requirement information, the measurement gap configuration may be provided based on the reported information. Otherwise, if any WTRU configured BWP, except the initial BWP, does not contain the frequency domain resources of the SSB associated with the initial DL BWP, the measurement gap configuration may be provided (e.g., always).

[0086] In a non-gap-assisted scenario, the WTRU may be able to perform such measurements without measurement gaps. In a gap-assisted scenario, the WTRU may not be assumed to be able to perform such measurements without measurement gaps.

[0087] CSI reporting may be performed. CSI (channel state information) may be used as an indicator from the WTRU to the network about how good (e.g., or bad) the channel is at any point in time, and may be used by the gNB to make scheduling decisions (such as selection of the modulation and coding scheme (MCS)) and to assist in beamforming.

[0088] The time and frequency resources used by the WTRU to report CSI may be controlled by the gNB. The CSI may include a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), a rank indicator (RI), L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and / or a capability [set] index.

[0089] For CQI, PMI, CRI, SSBRI, LI, RI, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, capability [set] index, etc., the WTRU may be configured by higher layers with N (e.g., ≥1) CSI-ReportConfig reporting settings, M (e.g., ≥1) CSI-ResourceConfig resource settings, and / or multiple (e.g., one or two) trigger state lists (e.g., given by higher layer parameters CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList and / or CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TrigerStateList). A trigger state in the CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList (e.g., each trigger state) may contain a list of associated multiple CSI-ReportConfigs, which indicates the resource set IDs used for the channel and optionally for interference. A trigger state in the CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TrigerStateList (e.g., each trigger state) may contain an associated CSI-ReportConfig (e.g., one associated CSI-ReportConfig).

[0090] A reporting configuration CSI-ReportConfig (e.g., each reporting configuration) may be associated with a downlink BWP (e.g., a single downlink BWP) given in the associated CSI-ResourceConfig for channel measurement (e.g., a downlink BWP indicated by a higher layer parameter BWP-Id) and may contain parameters for a CSI reporting band (e.g., one CSI reporting band): codebook configuration including codebook subset restrictions, time domain behavior, frequency granularity for CQI and PMI, measurement restriction configuration and / or CSI-related quantities to be reported by the WTRU (e.g., layer indicator (LI), L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, CRI, SSBRI (SSB resource indicator) and / or capability [set] index, etc.).

[0091] The time domain behavior of CSI-ReportConfig may be indicated by the higher layer parameter reportConfigType and may be set to 'aperiodic', 'semiPersistentOnPUCCH', 'semiPersistentOnPUSCH' or 'periodic'. For 'periodic' and 'semiPersistentOnPUCCH' / 'semiPersistentOnPUSCH' CSI reporting, the configured periodicity and slot offset may be applied to the basic parameter set of the UL BWP on which the CSI report is configured to be sent. The higher layer parameter reportQuantity may indicate the CSI-related, L1-RSRP-related, L1-SINR-related and / or capability[set] index-related quantity to be reported. reportFreqConfiguration may indicate the reporting granularity in the frequency domain, including the CSI reporting band and whether the PMI / CQI report is wideband or sub-band. The timeRestrictionForChannelMeasurements parameter in CSI-ReportConfig may be configured to enable time domain restrictions for channel measurements, and timeRestrictionForInterferenceMeasurements may be configured to enable time domain restrictions for interference measurements. CSI-ReportConfig may contain CodebookConfig, which may contain configuration parameters for Type I, Type II, Enhanced Type II CSI, and / or Further Enhanced Type II port selection, including codebook subset restrictions (when applicable), and / or configuration for group-based reporting.

[0092] A CSI resource setting CSI-ResourceConfig (e.g., each CSI resource setting) may contain a configuration of a list of S (e.g., ≥ 1) CSI resource sets (e.g., the configuration given by the higher layer parameter csi-RS-ResourceSetList), where the list may include references to either or both of the NZP CSI-RS resource set and / or the SS / PBCH block set. Alternatively, the list may include a reference to the CSI-IM resource set. A CSI resource setting (e.g., each CSI resource setting) may be located in a DL BWP identified by a higher layer parameter BWP-id, and one or more CSI resource settings (e.g., all CSI resource settings) linked to a CSI report setting may have the same DL BWP.

[0093] The time domain behavior of the CSI-RS resources within a CSI resource setting may be indicated by a higher layer parameter resourceType and may be set to aperiodic, periodic or semi-persistent. For periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI resource settings, when the WTRU is configured with groupBasedBeamReporting-r17, the number of configured CSI resource sets may be a first value (e.g., S=2), otherwise, the number of configured CSI-RS resource sets may be a second value (e.g., limited to S=1). For periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI resource settings, the configured periodicity and slot offset may be given in the basic parameter set of its associated DL BWP, such as given by BWP-id. When the WTRU is configured with multiple CSI-ResourceConfigs consisting of the same NZP CSI-RS resource ID, the same time domain behavior may be configured for the CSI-ResourceConfigs. When the WTRU is configured with multiple CSI-ResourceConfigs consisting of the same CSI-IM resource ID, the same time domain behavior may be configured for the CSI-ResourceConfigs. One or more CSI resource settings (eg, all CSI resource settings) linked to a CSI reporting setting may have the same time domain behavior.

[0094] One or more of the following may be configured via higher layer signaling of one or more CSI resource settings for channel and interference measurement: CSI-IM resources for interference measurement; NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement; and / or NZP CSI-RS resources for channel measurement.

[0095] A handover may be performed. Figure 3 An example of a handover scenario is shown. Figure 3As shown, the WTRU context within the source gNB may contain information about roaming and access restrictions that were provided at connection establishment or at the last TA (timing advance) update. The source gNB may configure the WTRU measurement process and WTRU reporting based on the measurement configuration. The source gNB may decide to handover the WTRU to the target gNB based on the measurements received. The source gNB may issue a Handover Request message to the target gNB, thereby delivering a transparent RRC container with the necessary information to prepare the handover on the target side. This information may include, for example, at least the target cell ID, security keys (e.g., KgNB*), the C-RNTI of the WTRU in the source gNB, the RRM configuration including the WTRU inactive time, the basic AS configuration including antenna information and DL carrier frequency, the current QoS flow to DRB mapping rules applied to the WTRU, SIB1 from the source gNB, WTRU capabilities of different RATs, PDU session related information, etc., and may include the measurement information reported by the WTRU, which includes beam related information (e.g., if available).

[0096] like Figure 3 As shown, admission control may be performed by the target gNB. If the WTRU is able to be admitted, the target gNB may prepare for the handover with L1 / L2 and may send a Handover Request Acknowledgement to the source gNB, which may include a transparent container to be transmitted to the WTRU as an RRC message to perform the handover. The source gNB may trigger the Uu handover by transmitting an RRCReconfiguration message to the WTRU, which contains the information required to access the target cell: (e.g., at least) the target cell ID, the new C-RNTI and / or the target gNB security algorithm identifier of the selected security algorithm. It may include a set of dedicated RACH resources, an association between RACH resources and SSBs, an association between RACH resources and WTRU-specific CSI-RS configuration, common RACH resources, and / or system information of the target cell, etc. The source gNB may transmit an SN Status Transfer message to the target gNB to convey the uplink PDCP SN receiver status and downlink PDCP SN transmitter status of the DRBs for which PDCP status preservation is applicable (e.g., applicable to RLC AM).

[0097] like Figure 3As shown, the WTRU may synchronize to the target cell and may complete the RRC handover process by transmitting an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target gNB. The target gNB may transmit a Path Switch Request message to the AMF to trigger the 5GC to switch the DL data path to the target gNB and establish an NG-C interface instance towards the target gNB. The 5GC may switch the DL data path towards the target gNB. The UPF may send one or more "end marker" packets to the source gNB on the old path for each PDU session / tunnel and may then release any U-plane / TNL resources towards the source gNB. The AMF may confirm the Path Switch Request message with a Path Switch Request Confirm message. Upon receiving the Path Switch Request Confirm message from the AMF, the target gNB may transmit a UE Context Release message to notify the source gNB of the success of the handover. The source gNB may then release the radio and C-plane related resources associated with the WTRU context. Any ongoing data forwarding may continue.

[0098] Conditional Handover (CHO) and / or Conditional PSCell Addition / Change (which may be referred to as “CPA”, “CPC” and / or “CPAC”) may be performed in NR, with the main purpose of reducing the likelihood of Radio Link Failure (RLF) and Handover Failure (HOF).

[0099] A handover (e.g., a conventional LTE / NR handover) may be triggered by a measurement report (e.g., even though there is nothing preventing the network from transmitting a HO command to the WTRU without receiving a measurement report). For example, the WTRU may be configured with an A3 event, which triggers a measurement report to be transmitted when the radio signal level / quality (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) of a neighboring cell becomes better than that of the primary serving cell (PCell) (e.g., or in the case of dual connectivity (DC), also the primary secondary serving cell (PSCell)). The WTRU may monitor the serving cell and the neighboring cells and may transmit measurement reports when the conditions are met. Upon receiving such a report, the network (e.g., the current serving node / cell) may prepare a HO command (e.g., an RRC reconfiguration message with reconfigurationWithSync) and may transmit it to the WTRU, which the WTRU may immediately execute, resulting in the WTRU connecting to the target cell.

[0100] CHO may differ from other types of handover (e.g., conventional handover) in one or more (e.g., two) major aspects. For example, in CHO, multiple handover targets may be prepared (e.g., compared to only one target in the conventional case). In CHO, the WTRU may not perform CHO immediately (e.g., as in the case of conventional handover). Instead, the WTRU may be configured with a trigger condition (e.g., a set of radio conditions), and the WTRU may perform a handover towards one of the targets when (e.g., only when) the trigger condition is met.

[0101] The CHO command may be transmitted when the radio conditions towards the current serving cell are still favorable, thereby reducing two major failure points in other types of handovers (e.g., conventional handovers). For example, the major failure points may be that the WTRU may not be able to transmit measurement reports (e.g., if the link quality to the current serving cell is below an acceptable level when the measurement report is triggered in a normal handover), and may not be able to receive a handover command (e.g., if the link quality to the current serving cell is below an acceptable level after the WTRU has transmitted the measurement report but before it has received the HO command).

[0102] The triggering conditions for CHO may be based on the radio quality of the serving cell and the neighboring cells (e.g., similar to the conditions used to trigger measurement reports in legacy NR / LTE). For example, the WTRU may be configured with CHO with triggering conditions and associated HO commands similar to A3. The WTRU may monitor the current cell and the serving cell, and when the A3 triggering conditions are met, it may execute the associated HO command and switch its connection to the target cell (e.g., instead of transmitting a measurement report).

[0103] Figure 4 An example of conditional handover configuration and execution is shown. CHO can help prevent unnecessary reestablishment in the event of a radio link failure. For example, a WTRU may be configured with multiple CHO targets. The WTRU may experience RLF before the triggering condition for any target is met. One type of operation (e.g., legacy operation) may have resulted in an RRC reestablishment procedure that would have resulted in a significant interruption time for the WTRU's bearers. However, in the case of CHO, if the WTRU ultimately selects a cell with which the WTRU has a CHO associated after detecting an RLF (e.g., the target cell is ready for the WTRU), the WTRU may directly execute the HO command associated with that target cell (e.g., instead of continuing with a full reestablishment procedure).

[0104] CPC and CPA may be extensions of ChO (eg, in DC scenarios). The WTRU may be configured with trigger conditions for PScell ​​change or addition, and when the trigger conditions are met, it may execute the associated PScell ​​change or PScell ​​addition command.

[0105] Inter-cell L1 / 2 mobility may be used. For example, inter-cell L1 / 2 mobility may be used to manage beams in CA scenarios. Cell changes / additions may be supported.

[0106] Mechanisms and / or procedures for L1 / L2 based inter-cell mobility for mobility delay reduction may be specified. Configuration and maintenance of multiple candidate cells may be performed to allow rapid application of the configuration of candidate cells (e.g., [RAN2, RAN3]). Dynamic switching mechanisms may be used between candidate serving cells (e.g., including SpCells and SCells) for potential applicable scenarios based on L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., [RAN2, RAN1]). L1 enhancements for inter-cell beam management may be used, including L1 measurements and reporting and beam indication (e.g., [RAN1, RAN2]). Early RAN2 involvement may be necessary, including further clarification of the possibility of interaction between L1 enhancements for inter-cell beam management and dynamic switching mechanisms between candidate serving cells. Timing advance management may be used (e.g., [RAN1, RAN2]). CU-DU interface signaling for supporting L1 / L2 mobility may be used (e.g., if required) (e.g., [RAN3]).

[0107] FR2-specific enhancements (e.g., if any) may not be excluded. The L1 / L2-based inter-cell mobility procedures may be applicable to one or more of the following scenarios: standalone, CA, and NR-DC cases with serving cell change within a CG (e.g., one CG); intra-DU case and intra-CU inter-DU case (e.g., applicable to standalone and CA: no new RAN interface is expected); intra-frequency and inter-frequency; both FR1 and FR2; the source cell and the target cell may be synchronized or asynchronous; and the inter-CU case may not be included.

[0108] Inter-cell beam management can address intra-DU and / or intra-frequency scenarios. In this case, the serving cell can remain unchanged (e.g., there is no possibility to change the serving cell using L1 / 2 based mobility). In FR2 deployments, CA can be used to utilize the available bandwidth (e.g., to aggregate multiple CCs in one frequency band). These CCs can be transmitted with the same analog beam pair (e.g., gNB beam and WTRU beam). The WTRU may be configured with TCI states (which may be of a considerable number, e.g., 64) for receiving PDCCH and PDSCH. The TCI state (e.g., each TCI state) may include an RS or SSB that the WTRU may reference to set its beam. The SSB may be associated with a non-serving PCI. MAC signaling (e.g., "TCI state indication of UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE") may activate the TCI state of the Coreset / PDCCH. A MAC CE indicating a TCI state associated with a non-serving PCI may support reception of PDCCH from a non-serving cell. MAC signaling (e.g., "TCI state activation / deactivation for UE-specific PDSCH") may activate a subset of TCI states (e.g., up to 8 TCI states) for PDSCH reception. DCI may indicate which of the TCI states (e.g., 8 TCI states) is used. "Unified TCI state" with different update mechanisms (e.g., different update mechanisms based on DCI) may be supported in case of multiple TRPs or not. Unified TCI state in case of multiple TRPs may be supported.

[0109] L1 / 2 inter-cell mobility can be used to improve handover latency. With conventional L3 handover or conditionally, the WTRU may (e.g., first) use RRC signaling to transmit measurement reports. In response, the network may provide further measurement configurations and potentially provide conditional handover configurations. With conventional handover, the network may provide a configuration for the target cell after the WTRU reports using RRC signaling that the cell meets the configured radio quality criteria. With conditional handover, in order to reduce the handover failure rate due to delays in transmitting measurement reports and then receiving RRC reconfiguration, the network may provide (e.g., pre-provide) the target cell configuration and measurement criteria for determining when the WTRU should trigger the CHO configuration. However, both of these L3 methods may suffer a certain amount of delay due to the transmission of measurement reports and the reception of the target configuration, particularly in the case of conventional handover (e.g., unconditional handover).

[0110] L1 / 2 based inter-cell mobility may allow for rapid application of candidate cell configuration, including dynamic switching between SCells and switching of PCells (e.g., switching roles between SCells and PCells) without performing RRC signaling. Inter-CU cases may not be included, as this may require relocation of the PDCP anchor. Therefore, an RRC based approach may be required (e.g., at least required) to support inter-CU switching.

[0111] By using a mechanism (e.g., a conventional L3 handover mechanism), the currently active SCell (e.g., any currently active SCell) may be released before the WTRU completes handover to a target cell in the coverage area of ​​the new site, and may be added back after a successful handover (e.g., only after a successful handover), which may result in throughput degradation during the handover. Therefore, one of the goals of L1 / 2 may be to enable CA operation to be enabled immediately upon a serving cell change.

[0112] Figure 5 An example of L1 / 2 inter-cell mobility operation using CA is shown, whereby the candidate cell group can be configured through RRC and L1 / 2 signaling can be used to achieve dynamic switching of PCell and SCell.

[0113] Mobility decisions (e.g., SCell addition / removal, SCell change, SpCell change, HO / CHO configuration, etc.) may be made based on measurement reports (e.g., events) configuration done at the RRC level. For example, when the WTRU triggers a measurement report based on event A2 (e.g., service becomes worse than a threshold), the gNB may configure CHO. SpCell change (e.g., HO) may be initiated based on the WTRU transmitting a measurement report that is triggered due to satisfaction of event A3 (e.g., neighbor becomes better than the SpCell offset) or event A5 (e.g., SpCell becomes worse than a first threshold (e.g., Threshold 1) and the neighbor becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., Threshold 2)). If the WTRU transmits a measurement report that is triggered due to satisfaction of event A4 (e.g., neighbor becomes better than a threshold), SCell addition may be performed. SCell change may be performed based on satisfaction of event A6 (e.g., neighbor becomes better than the SCell offset), etc.

[0114] In operation (e.g., legacy NR operation), if a CU-DU split architecture is employed, L1 measurements (e.g., CQI reports) may be reported to the DU, which may be useful for scheduling purposes. Since any cell change or reconfiguration may require significant processing, these may not be performed too frequently based on L1 signaling, and may be performed when (e.g., only) stable measurement results can be determined to serve as the basis for reconfiguration decisions. L3 measurements (e.g., measurements filtered at L3 to filter out short-term fluctuations) may be used to make mobility decisions, and they may be transmitted to the CU, where the RRC may be terminated. Based on these L3 measurements, the CU's RRC may transmit a reconfiguration message (e.g., a HO command for immediate mobility, a CHO for mobility when certain conditions are met, etc.) that may instruct the WTRU to perform mobility.

[0115] One way to implement mobility based on L1 / 2 indications may be that the WTRU transmits an RRC measurement report, and the CU may make a mobility decision and inform the DU to transmit the corresponding L1 / 2 indications. However, this may not result in reduced latency.

[0116] In addition, latency enhancements may be implemented and L1 measurements may be used at least to trigger cell changes. While this may result in increased ping-pong between cells (e.g., in traditional mobility, L3 filtering over longer time periods minimizes this), it may advantageously ensure that cell switching can be performed faster, thereby reducing the likelihood of RLF or handover failure. At least for the intra-DU case, the amount of reconfiguration may be minimized compared to traditional handovers. For example, for cells belonging to the same DU, L2 configuration may be shared, which may eliminate the need to perform a MAC reset and therefore reduce outage time (e.g., and the reason for the long filtering and time required to trigger).

[0117] However, frequent CSI reporting, especially for multiple beams on multiple neighboring cells, may result in significant uplink signaling overhead. In addition, if the WTRU processing needs to frequently measure and report on many non-serving cells / beams, the burden on the WTRU processing may be significant.

[0118] CSI reporting may be used for fast evaluation of mobility decisions while minimizing overhead from frequent CSI reporting. CSI reporting may be enabled when (eg, only when) a candidate becomes available for handover.

[0119] In an example, a WTRU may be configured with CSI reporting configurations for beams on multiple candidate target cells (e.g., L1 for each beam measurement). The WTRU may be configured with one or more RRC measurement events configured for the candidate cells (e.g., L3 for each cell measurement) and / or L1 measurement events, such as event A4 (e.g., a neighbor becomes better than a threshold). An event may be associated with one or more CSI reporting configurations in a CSI reporting configuration. When a cell meets the event criteria based on a cell level (L3) measurement or a second L1 measurement type, beam (L1) measurements and CSI reporting associated with the candidate cell that triggered the RRC measurement event may be triggered. The WTRU may (e.g., autonomously) start reporting CSI when the event is triggered. Alternatively, the WTRU may first report to the NW (e.g., using a MAC CE or SR) and wait for an explicit CSI reporting activation / CSI request (e.g., via a MAC CE or via a DCI), which may be referred to as an activation command. The measurement type evaluated to trigger the CSI measurement may be an L1 measurement.

[0120] Figure 6 An example of CSI reporting is shown. Figure 6 As shown, the WTRU may receive configurations of one or more first types of measurements and first type of reporting configurations and one or more second types of measurements for one or more neighboring cells. For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells (e.g., from a serving cell). The configuration may include an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and / or an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement. The first type of measurement configuration (e.g., the first type of measurement) may be, for example, an L3 / RRC measurement object and a reporting configuration (e.g., an event) performed at a cell level. The second type of measurement may be an L1 / CSI measurement performed at a beam level. The first type of measurement may optionally be an L1 / CSI measurement. The first type of measurement may use longer filtering / averaging than the second type of measurement. The first type of measurement may be a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement, and the reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement may be an L1 measurement event triggering condition. The configuration information may include configuration information for the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement for each of the plurality of neighboring cells.

[0121] The first type of measurement may be performed without any reporting to the network or with reduced reporting to the network (e.g., longer reporting period) compared to the second type of measurement (e.g., if the first type of measurement is an L1 / CSI measurement). The second type of measurement may be reported to the network (e.g., periodically) or may be reported to the network with a more frequent period than the first type of measurement.

[0122] The first type of measurement may be performed on a limited set of measurement resources compared to the second type of measurement. For example, the first type of measurement may measure SSB resources (e.g., a wider beam), while the second type of measurement may measure CSI-RS resources (e.g., a narrower beam). The first type of measurement may calculate an average (e.g., cell) measurement based on multiple beam measurements, while the second type of measurement may consider individual beam measurements. The first type of measurement may be associated with a first cell (e.g., SpCell, SCell, etc.), while the second type of measurement may be associated with a second cell (e.g., a candidate cell). Alternatively, the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be associated with the same cell (e.g., a candidate and / or neighboring cell).

[0123] The WTRU may associate a first type of measurement with a second type of measurement based on a condition (e.g., as part of a configuration). For example, when a condition based on the first type of measurement (e.g., which is indicated in configuration information received from the network) is met, the second type of measurement may be started. The WTRU may perform the first type of measurement. For example, the WTRU may perform measurements associated with the first type of measurement on a neighboring cell in one or more neighboring cells. The WTRU may evaluate the conditions associated with the first type of measurement. For example, the WTRU may determine that the neighboring cell meets the condition (e.g., the reporting condition) based on the measurements associated with the first type of measurement.

[0124] The condition may be, for example, a measurement event triggering condition (e.g., an L1 measurement event triggering condition). For example, if the measurement performed using the first measurement type is below a threshold (e.g., a threshold associated with the PCell), the associated measurement configuration of the second type (e.g., a measurement configuration associated with the candidate cell) may be activated. The WTRU may automatically enable the second type of measurement based on the condition associated with the first type being met. Alternatively, the WTRU may provide an indication (e.g., a MAC CE) to the network that the condition has been met, and the network may explicitly enable the second type of measurement. For example, the WTRU may send a request to the network (e.g., a serving cell) to activate the second type of measurement for a neighboring cell, for example, via a MAC CE and / or a scheduling request (SR), based on determining that the neighboring cell meets the reporting condition. The WTRU may receive an activation command from the network (e.g., via a MAC CE or a DCI) for reporting measurements associated with the second type of measurement on the neighboring cell.

[0125] The condition may be, for example, a measurement event trigger condition associated with a serving cell and a candidate cell (e.g., a neighboring cell). For example, the condition may be associated with an event like A3, where the condition is satisfied if the PCell falls below a certain threshold of the candidate cell. For example, the condition may be associated with an event like A5, where the condition is satisfied if the PCell falls below a certain threshold and the candidate cell becomes better than the certain threshold.

[0126] Once the conditions associated with the first type of measurement are met, the WTRU may perform a second type of measurement. The second type of measurement may be an L1 measurement. The second measurement type may be a periodic CSI report, such as a beam measurement. The measured beam (e.g., CSI report configuration) may be associated with the cell measured using the first measurement type (e.g., the second type of measurement may depend on which cells meet the conditions, or which conditions are met). The WTRU may perform the second type of measurement after receiving an activation command from the network.

[0127] Figure 7 An example of WTRU controlled CSI reporting activation is shown. Figure 7 As shown, the WTRU may control the activation of the second measurement type (e.g., CSI reporting). Figure 7 In the example shown, there may be one or more (e.g., three) phases. These phases may be referred to as phase 1, phase 2, and phase 3; and / or phase A, phase B, and phase C (e.g., Figures 7 to 10 as shown).

[0128] like Figure 7 As shown (e.g., in the first stage), a configuration of a candidate cell and a measurement configuration and / or a reporting configuration of the serving cell and the candidate cell may be provided, whereby the RRC may configure the candidate serving cell. The candidate serving cell may be configured to be associated with a specific CSI reporting configuration corresponding to a resource configuration and a reporting configuration for a beam on the candidate cell. RRC measurements may be configured, and associations with the configured CSI reporting configurations may be made. An RRC measurement event for an L3 (e.g., cell) measurement configuration may be associated with one or more CSI reporting configurations. For example, an RRC measurement event may be configured such that if a particular cell meets event criteria, the CSI reporting configuration corresponding to the beam on the particular cell becomes active. If different cells meet measurement event criteria, different CSI reporting configurations may become active, such as CSI reporting configurations corresponding to beams on different cells. The above may be performed in any order, together, or in multiple smaller steps.

[0129] like Figure 7As shown (e.g., in the second phase), the WTRU may perform the configured measurements, apply L3 filtering, and / or evaluate measurement event criteria. The measurement event criteria may be met. Some specific instances of measurement event criteria may be, but are not limited to, one or more of: Event A3 (a neighboring cell or candidate cell becomes an offset that is better than SpCell); Event A4 (a neighboring cell or candidate cell becomes better than a threshold); and / or Event A5 (SpCell becomes worse than a first threshold (e.g., Threshold 1) and a neighboring cell or candidate cell becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., Threshold 2)). When the conditions for a measurement event are met, the WTRU may activate the CSI reporting configuration associated with the event. This may include indicating to Layer 1 that the WTRU should start performing CSI measurements on a specific resource or set of resources and reporting using the configured reporting parameters. The WTRU may start performing and / or reporting CSI measurements.

[0130] like Figure 7 As shown in (e.g., in the third stage), a network utilizing CSI may use, for example, MAC CE or DCI for reporting to decide when to trigger a cell change to a preconfigured target SpCell. In an example, the WTRU may perform periodic CSI reporting. The WTRU or NW may apply some filtering (e.g., averaging) of the CSI measurements. The network may decide when the target cell is better than the current cell based on the measurements of the periodic reports, and therefore decide when to issue a cell change command. In another example, the CSI report may (e.g., may also) be event triggered. For example, a CSI report may be sent to the network when (e.g., only) one or more beams on the target cell become better than one or more beams on the current cell. Thus, there may be one or more (e.g., two) measurement events. The first measurement event may be based on RRC measurements and may be used to determine when to enable CSI measurements, and the second measurement event may be based on CSI measurements and may determine when to transmit a CSI report to the network.

[0131] Figure 8 An example of network controlled CSI reporting activation is shown. Figure 8 As shown, the network can control the activation of the second measurement type (eg, CSI reporting). Figure 8 In the example shown, there may be one or more (eg, three) stages. Figure 8 The first stage in can be similar to (e.g., the same as) Figure 7 The first stage.

[0132] like Figure 8As shown (e.g., in the second phase), the WTRU may report the RRC measurement event to the network, for example, using a MAC CE (e.g., instead of the WTRU enabling the CSI reporting configuration itself when the cell meets the RRC measurement event). The network may (e.g., explicitly) enable CSI reporting using, for example, a DL MAC CE. The WTRU may decide to activate the CSI reporting configuration on its own, but may also report the event to the network. This may, for example, change the way the CSI report content is parsed. For example, if the measurement event report reports that cell 1 meets the criteria, the CSI report may correspond to a beam on cell 1, while if cell 2 is reported to have met the criteria, the CSI report may correspond to a beam on cell 2. Figure 8 The third stage in may be similar to (e.g., the same as) Figure 7 The third stage.

[0133] Fig. 9 An example of WTRU autonomous CSI reporting in L1 is shown. Fig. 9 As shown, both the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement can be based on L1 measurement. Fig. 9 In the example shown, there may be one or more (eg, three) stages.

[0134] like Fig. 9 As shown (e.g., in a first phase), the WTRU may perform a first type of measurements in L1. These may, for example, be CSI measurements (e.g., without performing any reporting to the network). These measurements may be performed less frequently than the second measurement type, for example, to monitor beams on multiple cells. An event configuration may be provided to L1 such that the second type of measurements is activated when a condition associated with the first type of measurements is met. As an example, the WTRU may start performing more frequent CSI measurements and / or CSI reporting on one or more specific beams determined using the first measurement type. Fig. 9 The second and third stages in Figure 7 The second and third stages are similar (eg, the same).

[0135] Fig.10 An example of network controlled CSI reporting activation in L1 is shown. Fig.10 In the example shown, both the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be based on L1 measurements.The WTRU may use a request (eg, a scheduling request or a MAC CE) to indicate that the condition is met, and the network may use a DCI or a MAC CE (eg, via an activation command) to enable the CSI reporting configuration.

[0136] For example, Fig.10As shown, the WTRU may receive configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells (e.g., from a serving cell). The configuration information may include an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and / or an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement. For example, the first type of measurement may be an SSB measurement, and the reporting condition may be an L1 measurement event triggering condition. The configuration information may include configuration information for the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement for one or more neighboring cells (e.g., each of a plurality of neighboring cells).

[0137] The WTRU may perform measurements associated with a first type of measurement on a neighbor cell (e.g., a neighbor cell of one or more neighbor cells). The WTRU may determine that the neighbor cell meets the reporting condition based on the measurements associated with the first type of measurement. The WTRU may send (e.g., in a MAC CE and / or a scheduling request) (e.g., to a serving cell) a request to activate a second type of measurement for the neighbor cell based on determining that the neighbor cell meets the reporting condition.

[0138] The WTRU may receive (e.g., in a DCI and / or MAC CE) (e.g., from a serving cell) an activation command for reporting measurements associated with a second type of measurement on a neighboring cell. The WTRU may perform measurements associated with the second type of measurement on a neighboring cell and may send (e.g., to the serving cell) a report indicating one or more measurement values ​​associated with the second type of measurement. The second type of measurement may include channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) based measurements of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell. The first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be L1 measurements.

[0139] In addition, although one or more methods disclosed herein are described from the perspective of a WTRU, it should be understood that a network (e.g., a base station) may perform corresponding actions. For example, a network (e.g., a base station) may send configuration information and / or activation commands disclosed herein to a WTRU, and / or may receive requests and / or measurement reports disclosed herein from a WTRU.

[0140] In an example, the first type of measurement may be an L3 measurement. The measurement may, for example, be configured to use SSB resources (e.g., SSB resources are always sent when they are used for initial access). These resources may be provided on wider beams, and no additional overhead may be associated with using these resources for mobility measurements. The L3 measurement may determine cell quality based on averaging L1 measurements on one or more beams. The L3 measurement may use a longer filtering process and a longer time to trigger a measurement event. L3 measurements may utilize measurement events and, for example, may be configured with one or more of: Event A1 (e.g., the serving cell becomes better than a threshold); Event A2 (e.g., the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold); Event A3 (e.g., a neighbor cell becomes an offset better than SpCell); Event A4 (e.g., a neighbor cell becomes better than a threshold); Event A5 (e.g., SpCell becomes worse than a first threshold (e.g., Threshold 1) and the neighbor cell becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., Threshold 2)); Event A6 (e.g., a neighbor cell becomes an offset better than SCell); Event B1 (e.g., an inter-RAT neighbor cell becomes better than a threshold); Event B2 (e.g., PCell becomes worse than a first threshold (e.g., Threshold 1) and the inter-RAT neighbor cell becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., Threshold 2)); Event I1 (e.g., interference becomes higher than a threshold); Event D1 (e.g., a distance criterion between the WTRU and a reference location parameter); and / or CondEvent T1 (e.g., the time measured at the WTRU is greater than a threshold and less than a threshold+duration).

[0141] Further measurement events may be introduced to support L1 / 2 mobility. For example, any of the above events may be updated to compare serving cells, candidate cells, and / or neighboring cells, or new event definitions may be defined to compare serving cells. Any type of measurement event may be configured to evaluate a first type of measurement in order to trigger a second type of measurement. For example, a new measurement event that is triggered using a first type of measurement when a candidate cell comes within X dB of a serving cell may be used to enable a second type of measurement.

[0142] In an example, the second type of measurement may be an L1 measurement. The measurement may be configured to use CSI-RS resources (e.g., CSI-RS resources may not always be transmitted). The use of these resources may be associated with additional overhead; however, they may be transmitted on narrower beams and may therefore provide more accurate measurements of the source beam and the target beam.

[0143] In an example, both the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be L1 measurements. The first type of L1 measurement and the second type of L1 measurement may be configured using different operating modes. For example, the first type may measure SSB resources and the second type may measure CSI-RS resources. The first type of measurement may be configured so that the WTRU performs the first type of measurement at a lower rate than the second type. The second type of measurement may include reporting the measurement results to the network. In order to minimize the amount of reporting, the first type of measurement may be reported less frequently (e.g., or never reported).

[0144] In one example, a mapping may be provided between a cell and / or measurement event and a PUCCH resource configuration. When an event is triggered, a CSI report corresponding to the triggered event may be transmitted using some specific resources, which may inform (e.g., implicitly inform) the network which event has been triggered and, therefore, which cells / beams / measurement resources the CSI report corresponds to. In an example, for example, after the WTRU reports (e.g., using a MAC CE to report) that a measurement event has been triggered, the resources may be enabled (e.g., explicitly enabled) by the network. The network (NW) may, for example, enable (e.g., explicitly enable) the PUCCH resources using a downlink control signal (e.g., a MAC CE or a DCI).

[0145] One or more embodiments described herein may enable a WTRU to indicate with low latency the point at which the network should configure appropriate L1 (eg, CSI) measurements and reporting for L1 / 2 mobility, scheduling, and / or network energy saving.

[0146] One or more embodiments described herein may also enable the network to adjust the configuration of L3 measurements for more (eg, or less) responsiveness based on measurements performed at L1.

[0147] As used herein, the term "carrier information" may be used to refer to one or more of: SSB frequency; SSB subcarrier spacing; and / or any other information element provided as part of the NR measurement object (MeasObjectNR), such as measurement timing configuration, reference frequency for mapping CSI-RS, SSB configuration for mobility, and so on.

[0148] The carrier information may be signaled and / or represented by one or more of: an explicit indication of the carrier information (eg, as defined herein); an identification of a measurement object containing the carrier information; and / or an identification of a serving cell operating on the carrier.

[0149] The WTRU may perform an action when a CSI measurement (e.g., a CSI hint) satisfies a condition. For example, the WTRU may be configured to perform a channel state information (CSI) measurement set for at least one type of CSI on at least one CSI resource set, and perform an action when (e.g., or whether) at least one type of CSI satisfies a condition. The WTRU may be configured to perform a first CSI measurement set and a second CSI measurement set on a first CSI resource set and a second CSI resource set, and perform an action when or whether a condition associated with the first set and the second set is met. The action may be, for example, sending an indication that the condition is met (such as a MAC CE or a CSI hint request) or activation / deactivation of an associated CSI reporting configuration. This type of operation may be referred to as a "CSI hint". This may correspond to the "L1 measurement first type" described herein.

[0150] One or more types of CSI may be utilized. For example, the CSI types that may be used for the condition may include one or more of the following: L1-RSRP; L1-SINR; channel quality indication (CQI); rank indication (RI); precoding matrix indication (PMI); CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI); and / or SS block resource indicator (SSBRI).

[0151] One or more resources may be used for measurement and / or filtering. The WTRU may perform measurements on at least one SSB block set, at least one non-zero power CSI-RS (NZP CSI-RS) set for channel measurement or interference measurement, and / or at least one zero power CSI-RS set for interference measurement. The measurement resources (e.g., each measurement resource) may be configured as periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. The resource configuration may include carrier information.

[0152] The WTRU may be configured to perform filtering or averaging over multiple occasions of measuring the resource. The filtering may include, for example, an average or a moving average over N occasions, or an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter with a forgetting factor F (e.g., or a filter coefficient K). The averaging window may be specified in terms of duration, in which case the WTRU may perform the averaging over the number of samples included in the time window.

[0153] The WTRU may be configured to perform filtering or averaging on a set of up to M resources (eg, NZP CSI-RS set or SSB set) for which the measurement quantity is above a certain configured threshold (ATC). The set of up to M resources may be a subset of the NZP CSI-RS resource set.

[0154] The WTRU may be configured to perform measurements on a subset of occasions of a measurement resource. Such a subset of occasions may be determined by configuring a set of measurement time windows that recur periodically. The WTRU may perform measurements on a measurement resource when (e.g., only) the measurement resource overlaps in time with the measurement time window. The set of measurement time windows may be configured by (e.g., at least) a periodicity, an offset, and a window duration, where the units may be in terms of frames, time slots, and / or symbols.

[0155] One or more conditions (eg, reporting conditions) may be disclosed herein. The WTRU may determine whether a condition (eg, at least one of the following conditions) is met. A condition may be identified by a "type".

[0156] The first type of condition may be that the value of the CSI type of the resource set is or becomes higher (eg, or lower) than a threshold. For example, the condition may be that L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, CQI, or RI is or becomes higher or lower than a threshold. The threshold may be an absolute value.

[0157] The second type of condition may be that the value of the CSI type changes or changes by more than a threshold value (e.g., positive or negative) relative to a reference value of the CSI type. For example, the condition may be that the SSBRI and / or CRI changes (e.g., changes by an arbitrary value), the RI increases (e.g., or decreases) by more than a certain value (e.g., one (1)), or the L1-RSRP increases (e.g., or decreases) by more than a threshold value.

[0158] The third type of condition may be that the value of the CSI type of the first resource set is or becomes higher (eg, or lower) than the value of the CSI type of the second resource set plus (eg, or minus) an offset.

[0159] A fourth type of condition may be that the value of the CSI type of the first resource set is or becomes above (e.g., or below) a threshold, where the threshold may depend on the value of the CSI type of the second resource set. The second resource set may be referred to as a "reference set" and the corresponding value may be referred to as a "reference value". For example, the threshold may correspond to the reference value minus or plus an offset. The WTRU may determine the reference set and / or reference value based on one or more of the following.

[0160] In an example, the reference set may be configured or signaled (eg, explicitly) by RRC or in a MAC CE (such as a MAC CE activating CSI hint measurement).

[0161] In an example, the WTRU may determine the reference set as resources indicated as reference signals within quasi-co-location information configured for a transmission configuration indication (TCI) state that is configured or activated for the configured control resource set. If the WTRU is configured with more than one control resource set, the WTRU may determine the reference set as the set for which the reference value is maximized or minimized. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a configuration indicating which control resource set is used for reference set determination.

[0162] In an example, the WTRU may determine a reference CSI reporting configuration and may use the latest measured value or the latest reported value of the corresponding CQI type as a reference value. The reference CSI reporting configuration may be signaled via RRC using, for example, CSI-ReportConfigId or in a MAC CE such as a MAC CE activating CSI hint measurement.

[0163] The fifth type of condition may be that the ranking of the CSI type values ​​of the resource sets within the values ​​of the CSI type across multiple resource sets has changed. For example, the condition may be that the CSI resource set with the highest value of the CSI type (eg, L1-RSRP) has changed.

[0164] The sixth type of condition may be a change in the L resource sets whose CSI type value is maximized (eg, or minimized). For example, the condition may be that the resource set becomes one of the L resource sets with the highest L1-RSRP or L1-SINR.

[0165] A hysteresis or additional offset may be applied to any of the conditions described herein to prevent the WTRU from repeatedly determining the condition due to small fluctuations in the value of the CSI type. Additionally, a time-to-trigger (TTT) may be applied such that the WTRU determines that the condition is triggered when (e.g., only when) the duration of the TTT satisfies the condition.

[0166] A CSI hint configuration (eg, L1 measurement type 1) may be used.

[0167] The WTRU may receive a configuration of at least one resource and / or parameter described herein via RRC signaling. This may include CSI measurement resources, filtering parameters, thresholds, reference values, reference sets, CSI types, types of conditions, offsets, rankings, hysteresis and / or set size L, etc. Such a configuration may be referred to herein as a "CSI hint configuration". The CSI hint configuration may include an identification parameter. The CSI hint configuration may be configured as a CSI report configuration (CSI-ReportConfig) characterized by a type (e.g., a newly defined type) (reportConfigType) (e.g., "hint"). The WTRU may receive a configuration for one or more such CSI hint configurations.

[0168] The configuration of at least one CSI measurement resource set may be indicated by at least one identifier of the CSI resource configuration (eg, csi-ResourceConfigId) and / or by at least one identifier of an NZP CSI-RS resource set, a CSI-SSB resource set and / or a CSI-IM resource set.

[0169] The WTRU may receive MAC or DCI signaling that activates or deactivates a CSI hint configuration and may provide an indication of at least one resource or parameter for the configuration. For example, the WTRU may receive a threshold set via RRC signaling and may then receive in a MAC CE an indication of applicable thresholds within the set for applicable CSI hint configurations. For example, the WTRU may receive via RRC or in a MAC CE an indication of reference values ​​for RI, CRI, or SSBRI. For example, the WTRU may receive MAC signaling to activate or deactivate a CSI resource set in a CSI hint configuration. For example, the WTRU may receive an activation command (e.g., received via a MAC CE or DCI) that indicates an applicable CSI type and / or condition type and / or threshold (e.g., L1-RSRP becomes below a threshold) for the CSI hint configuration.

[0170] A linked CSI reporting configuration may be used. For example, the CSI reporting configuration may be a linked CSI hint configuration (e.g., or combined with a CSI hint configuration). In one example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfigId) an identification of at least one other CSI reporting configuration as part of the CSI hint configuration, which other CSI reporting configuration may be activated, deactivated (e.g., released) and / or triggered when conditions are met. Such a configuration may be referred to as a "linked CSI reporting configuration". Whether to activate, deactivate and / or trigger at least one linked CSI reporting configuration may be configured as part of the CSI hint configuration, and / or may be signaled via a MAC CE or DCI whether to activate, deactivate and / or trigger at least one linked CSI reporting configuration. As an alternative to or in addition to at least one CSI reporting configuration, the linked CSI configuration may include at least one non-periodic or semi-persistent CSI triggering state.

[0171] If the WTRU does not receive a configuration for linked CSI reporting configurations or triggering states, the WTRU may determine that any (eg, or all other) configured CSI reporting configurations or triggering states are linked.

[0172] Alternatively, configuration for CSI hinting and linked CSI reporting may be included as part of the same CSI reporting configuration, where additional parameters and resources to support CSI hinting may be provided.

[0173] The CSI reporting configuration may be linked to the L3 measurement. In one example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfigId) as part of the configuration of an L3 measurement identifier (measid) an identification of a CSI reporting configuration (e.g., at least one CSI reporting configuration) that may be activated, deactivated (e.g., released) and / or triggered according to an event configuration associated with the measurement identifier. The WTRU may send an L3 measurement report when (e.g., only) such a linked CSI reporting configuration is not configured, or when indicated (e.g., explicitly indicated) in the configuration. The WTRU may receive additional parameters that cover parameters that are configured as part of the linked measurement object for the L3 measurement. For example, the WTRU may receive an applicable filter coefficient K and / or a threshold for averaging over M resources. The WTRU may receive alternative reporting configuration parameters via reportConfigId. Such parameters may be signaled by the RRC (e.g., as part of the L3 measurement configuration) and / or by the MAC CE. The RRC may configure multiple candidate value sets for parameters and / or reporting configuration identities, and the MAC CE may indicate the possible value sets and identities of applicable L3 measurements.

[0174] The WTRU may autonomously activate linked CSI reporting configurations. For example, when a CSI hinting configuration meets the conditions and / or when a trigger occurs for an L3 measurement (measId), the WTRU may autonomously activate or deactivate at least one linked CSI reporting configuration.

[0175] In an example, the WTRU may send dummy bits in place of CSI information in the resources configured for the linked CSI reporting configuration when the linked CSI reporting configuration is not activated. From the network perspective, this may have the benefit of avoiding ambiguity in the multiplexing of PUCCH and PUSCH.

[0176] The WTRU may send (e.g., via a MAC CE) an indication that the condition is met. For example, when the CSI hint configuration meets the condition, the WTRU may initiate the transmission of signaling such as a MAC CE. The MAC CE may include one or more of: an identification of the CSI hint configuration that meets the condition; a value of the CSI type that meets the condition; an identification of the linked CSI configuration or trigger state; an identification of the CSI resource set that meets the condition; and / or an indication of whether the condition is met or no longer met.

[0177] When a trigger occurs for L3 measurement, the WTRU may initiate the transmission of signaling such as a MAC CE. The MAC CE may contain one or more of the following information: an identification of the L3 measurement that satisfies the condition (measId); a MAC level identification of the L3 measurement that satisfies the condition; and / or a measurement result.

[0178] The MAC CE may contain a MAC level identifier of a L3 measurement that satisfies the condition. Such a MAC level identifier may be signaled by the RRC, for example as part of the configuration of the L3 measurement. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE with a mapping between an L3 measurement identifier (measId) and a MAC level identifier for at least one L3 measurement identifier.

[0179] The WTRU may modify the L3 measurement parameters if / when the condition is met. In an example, the WTRU may receive a configuration for at least one L3 measurement parameter set, such as a filter coefficient K, a number of SS blocks or CSI-RS resources to be averaged, and / or an absolute threshold for combining of CSI-RS or SS blocks. The WTRU may also receive reporting configuration parameters, such as offsets, thresholds, hysteresis, and / or at least one identification (reportConfigId) of the reporting configuration. The WTRU may also receive an identification (measId) of at least one L3 measurement. For at least one L3 measurement, when a condition configured as part of the CSI hint configuration is met (e.g., not met), the WTRU may also receive a first indication (e.g., or a second indication) of applicable L3 measurement parameters and / or reporting configuration parameters. When the condition is met (e.g., not met), the WTRU may apply the first L3 measurement parameter set or the second L3 measurement parameter set and / or the first reporting configuration parameter set or the second reporting configuration parameter set to the at least one L3 measurement.

[0180] The WTRU may send a CSI hint request when the condition is met. In an example, when the condition is met and / or when the L3 measurement flag is triggered, the WTRU may trigger a request to activate, deactivate and / or trigger at least one linked CSI reporting configuration or triggering state. The request may be referred to as a "CSI hint request" or "CSI triggering request" or "scheduling request for CSI". The WTRU may send one or more CSI hint requests until it receives activation / deactivation or triggering signaling for at least one linked CSI reporting configuration and / or triggering state (e.g., one or all of the at least one linked CSI reporting configuration and / or triggering state). The signaling may be "PUCCH activates / deactivates SP-CSI on MAC CE", activates or releases a DCI for semi-persistent CSI on PUSCH (e.g., a DCI scrambled with SP-CSI-RNTI), and / or triggers aperiodic CSI associated with a linked CSI reporting configuration and / or triggering state.

[0181] The WTRU may follow the same procedure as for the scheduling request for "CSI Cue Request". One or more of the following exceptions / additional operations may apply.

[0182] The CSI hinting request may be cancelled by receiving signaling (e.g., as described herein). In the case of multiple linked CSI reporting configurations and / or triggering states, the condition for cancellation may be that signaling has been received for at least one of the linked reporting configurations and / or triggering states. Alternatively, the condition for cancellation may be that signaling has been received for multiple (e.g., all) linked reporting configurations and / or triggering states.

[0183] The CSI hint request may not be cancelled by the transmission of a MAC PDU including a buffer status report (BSR).

[0184] If the conditions associated with the CSI hinting configuration are no longer met, the CSI hinting request may be cancelled.

[0185] Upon receiving (eg, from a MAC CE) signaling indicating cancellation of the CSI prompting request, the CSI prompting request may be canceled. The signaling may indicate an identifier of a CSI prompting configuration and / or a linked CSI reporting configuration.

[0186] The transmission of the maximum number of CSI hint requests may not result in the initiation of a RACH procedure.

[0187] The WTRU may receive a configuration for transmission of a CSI hint request as part of a CSI hint configuration. Such a configuration may include, for example, an identification of a scheduling request configured by SchedulingRequestConfig. The associated scheduling request resources may be configured by SchedulingRequestResourceConfig including the identification of this scheduling request.

[0188] If a CSI configuration is linked to an L3 measurement, one or more configurations described herein may be included as part of a configuration associating the L3 measurement with the linked CSI configuration.

[0189] The WTRU may take one or more subsequent actions. The WTRU may deactivate the CSI hint configuration upon an event. The event may be one or more of the following: transmission of a MAC CE notifying that a condition is met; initiation of a CSI hint request procedure; transmission of a first CSI hint request after the condition is met; reception of signaling to activate / deactivate / trigger CSI for linked CSI reporting or triggering status; and / or cancellation of a CSI hint request.

[0190] Alternatively, when an event occurs, the WTRU may continue to measure according to the CSI hinting configuration, but change the condition to the opposite of the previously activated condition. For example, if the WTRU has an active CSI hinting configuration with a condition that the L1-RSRP of a resource set becomes above a threshold (e.g., plus hysteresis), the WTRU may change the condition to the L1-RSRP of the resource set becomes below a threshold (e.g., minus hysteresis). The threshold may be the same threshold or a different threshold. Alternatively, the WTRU may continue to measure and perform actions as described herein when the condition is no longer met.

[0191] Inter-frequency CSI reporting enhancement may be performed.

[0192] A WTRU may be configured with a CSI measurement configuration that includes one or more resource sets for channel measurement (e.g., SSB, NZP CSI-RS) and / or interference measurement (e.g., NZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM), where the resource set may include carrier information for measurements in another carrier (e.g., or bandwidth portion) than the serving cell (e.g., or active bandwidth portion). Such a resource set may be referred to herein as an "inter-frequency" resource set, while a resource set including resources from a serving cell (e.g., a serving carrier) may be referred to herein as an "intra-frequency" resource set. Alternatively, a WTRU may be configured with a resource set where one or more elements (e.g., each element) of the set may be associated with different carriers. Such a resource set may be referred to herein as a "mixed-frequency" resource set. If more than one resource set is configured for channel measurement (e.g., or interference measurement), the resource set (e.g., each resource set) may be associated with a resource set indicator (RSI). Such an RSI may be a new CSI report type.

[0193] The WTRU may also be configured with a CSI reporting configuration, which may be a CSI aperiodic or semi-persistent triggering state, which includes frequency and inter-frequency resource sets and / or inter-frequency resource sets of multiple carriers, or which includes mixed frequency resource sets.

[0194] The WTRU may be configured to include CSI corresponding to resources from multiple carriers in a single CSI report. The WTRU may use a combination of RSI and CRI or SSBRI to indicate resources within multiple resource sets. Alternatively, the WTRU may report a new CSI type that extends (e.g., prepended or postpended) CRI or SSBRI with RSI. This may be referred to as an extended CRI or SSBRI in this document. Alternatively, resource sets may be identified by the order of CRI and L1-RSRP within the report (e.g., intra-frequency resource sets first, inter-frequency resource sets second, etc.). The WTRU may include at least one CRI or SSBRI (e.g., or an extended CRI or SSBRI, or RSI) and / or the L1-RSRP of the corresponding resource in the report. The CRI corresponding to a mixed frequency resource set may have a larger number of bits than another CRI (e.g., a traditional CRI).

[0195] The WTRU may report a full (e.g., 7 bits) L1-RSRP corresponding to a resource and a differential L1-RSRP for the remaining resources (e.g., 4 bits). The resource for which the full L1-RSRP is reported may be the resource with the highest L1-RSRP across one or more (e.g., all) resource sets. Alternatively, the resource may be (e.g., only) the resource with the highest L1-RSRP in an intra-frequency resource set. An additional bit may be attached to the differential L1-RSRP to indicate whether the difference is positive or negative.

[0196] A combination of one or more of the RSI, CRI, SSBRI (eg, or extended CRI, SSBRI), and / or L1-RSRP of a resource may be referred to herein as an L1 result.

[0197] The WTRU may include L1 results from one or more (eg, all) intra-frequency / inter-frequency resource sets ranked by decreasing L1-RSRP.

[0198] The WTRU may include L1 results from an intra-frequency resource set and from one or more (e.g., each) inter-frequency resource set. The WTRU may include L1 results from an inter-frequency resource set if the L1-RSRP is above a threshold. The threshold may be, for example, an absolute threshold; the highest reported L1-RSRP (e.g., minus an offset); the highest reported intra-frequency L1-RSRP (e.g., minus an offset); and / or the highest reported L1-RSRP (e.g., minus an offset) for the same intra-frequency / inter-frequency. The threshold may be configured separately for one or more intra-frequency / inter-frequency sets (e.g., for each intra-frequency / inter-frequency set).

[0199] If the highest L1-RSRP from the intra-frequency resource set is less than a threshold, the WTRU may include the L1 result from the inter-frequency resource set. The threshold may be configured separately for one or more (eg, each) inter-frequency.

[0200] The WTRU may be configured with a maximum number of L1 results in total and / or for (eg, each) intra-frequency / inter-frequency.

[0201] The WTRU may include one or more of the following information in the report (e.g., in CSI Part 1) to assist the network in decoding the report: whether to include L1 results for (e.g., each) inter-frequency in CSI Part 1 (e.g., using a bitmap indication); the total number of L1 results reported; and / or the number of L1 results reported for (e.g., each) intra-frequency / inter-frequency.

[0202] As described herein, the WTRU may receive one or more thresholds, offsets, and / or maximum numbers via RRC configuration (eg, as part of a CSI reporting configuration, aperiodic / semi-persistent CSI state trigger configuration, or measurement configuration) and / or via a MAC CE.

[0203] The configuration of the aperiodic CSI state trigger, the semi-persistent CSI state trigger (e.g., each configuration), and / or the CSI report configuration may include an indication of whether to include an inter-frequency L1 report (e.g., or an intra-frequency L1 report) in the CSI report. Such an indication may be configured separately for one or more (e.g., each) inter-frequency. Alternatively, the aperiodic CSI field may be extended to indicate this information.

[0204] The WTRU may send a binary indication of whether the condition is met. For example, the WTRU may be configured to send at least one CSI report containing a binary indication of whether the CSI reporting instance meets the condition. The resources (e.g., PUCCH resources) used for transmission of the CSI report may be included as part of the CSI hint configuration or signaled in the MAC CE that activates the CSI hint configuration.

[0205] TCI state groups may be provided. In an example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., received via RRC) signaling for at least one TCI state configuration group. At least for beam indication purposes related to subsequent dynamic signaling and / or existing configurations, the WTRU may also receive (e.g., received via MAC CE or DCI) signaling indicating an identifier of such a group (e.g., one such group). For example, the WTRU may receive a first MAC CE indicating a TCI state group. The WTRU may then receive a second MAC CE indicating a subset of TCI state identifiers for the PDSCH and / or a TCI state for the PDCCH. The WTRU may receive a DCI indicating a TCI state identifier for downlink reception or uplink transmission. The WTRU may determine the applicable TCI state from the group received in the first MAC CE and / or the TCI state identifier received in the second MAC CE or DCI. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE (e.g., a single MAC CE) indicating a TCI state group and a subset of TCI state identifiers within the group.

[0206] The WTRU may receive (e.g., via a MAC CE and / or DCI) signaling indicating an identity of a TCI state configuration group applicable to at least one CSI reporting configuration, CSI resource configuration, CSI associated reporting configuration, and / or NZP CSI-RS resource configuration. Such signaling may also indicate, for at least one TCI state, the identity of such a TCI state.

[0207] The WTRU may perform detection and / or reporting of SSB resources. The WTRU may detect and report, for example, up to K resources of a certain type, such as SSB resources for at least one bandwidth portion and serving cell or carrier information. Such a report may be referred to herein as an SSB report. The WTRU may indicate at least one of an SSB index, a PCI, a serving cell index, carrier information, and / or a bandwidth portion index for (e.g., each) detected SSB resource. Such information may be referred to herein as a parameter of the SSB resource. The same carrier information may be provided for a set of SSB resources. The WTRU may transmit corresponding measurement results such as L1-RSRP or L1-SINR for (e.g., each) resource. The WTRU may transmit such a report using a MAC CE and may report up to K detected resources, for whichever of the K detected resources the measurement (e.g., L1-RSRP or L1-SINR) is the highest. The WTRU may trigger the transmission of the report upon receiving network signaling requesting the report and / or based on the measurement results satisfying certain criteria. For example, if there is a change in the set of up to K detected resources, the WTRU may trigger a transmission. The WTRU may also be triggered based on a reporting configuration that includes defined events (e.g., legacy events), such as A3 events. The value of K, bandwidth part identification, carrier information, serving cell identification, and / or PCI may be signaled by the network (e.g., using MAC CE and / or RRC signaling). Alternatively, the WTRU may autonomously detect the applicable PCI.

[0208] Flexible TCI states may be provided. In an example, a WTRU may receive signaling (e.g., first signaling) that indicates TCI state configurations for more than one candidate quasi-co-located (QCL) source of the same type (e.g., type D (e.g., space)) for at least one TCI state. One or more (e.g., each) of the at least one candidate QCL source may include a configuration of a serving cell, a bandwidth portion identifier, a physical cell identifier, a CSI-RS identifier, an SSB index, a QCL type, a path loss reference, carrier information, uplink power control parameters, etc. Such configurations may be referred to as flexible TCI states. The candidate QCL source (e.g., each candidate QCL source) may include a configuration for a zone or group identifier, and (e.g., each) flexible TCI state may also include a group identifier. For at least one flexible TCI state, the WTRU may also receive (e.g., received via a MAC CE and / or DCI) signaling (e.g., second signaling) indicating which candidate QCL source(s) are applicable to the flexible TCI state. Such candidate QCL sources may be referred to as "active" QCL sources. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE indicating a zone identifier and a set or group of possible TCI flexible states. If no set or group of TCI states is indicated, the WTRU may determine that the signaling applies to one or more (e.g., all) TCI states or flexible TCI states including candidate QCL sources with the indicated zone identifier. The WTRU may use flexible TCI states for at least the purpose of CSI measurement and reporting, beam indication, and / or beam failure recovery. For example, the WTRU may receive a configuration for flexible TCI states in an NZP CSI-RS resource configuration, a CSI-RS resource set configuration, and / or a CSI associated report configuration, and may apply the QCL information accordingly. When the resource set to be measured needs to change due to mobility, the signaling required to modify the CSI report configuration may be minimized. In an example, the WTRU may be indicated a flexible TCI state set for beam failure recovery, and may determine that the recovery resource set includes an active QCL source set for the flexible TCI state.

[0209] For one or more TCI states, the WTRU may receive signaling indicating that one or more parameters identifying the QCL source configured for the one or more TCI states are to be determined by a dynamic aspect.

[0210] The WTRU may receive (e.g., via a MAC CE and / or DCI) signaling indicating at least one parameter of a candidate QCL source for a TCI state. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE containing an identification of the TCI state, an SSB index, a PCI, and / or a serving cell index or carrier information. The WTRU may then determine the QCL source for the TCI state and the serving cell based on the received SSB index, PCI, serving cell index, and / or carrier information.

[0211] In an example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE containing an identification of a resource set and an identification of a TCI state for at least one TCI state. The WTRU may then determine that the QCL source for the nth TCI state corresponds to the nth resource set.

[0212] In an example, the WTRU may (e.g., first) receive signaling such as a MAC CE that includes an identification of a TCI state for K TCI states and requests the WTRU to detect and report a resource (such as an SSB resource) to be configured as a QCL source for the corresponding TCI state. The WTRU may then send an SSB report that includes parameters of the SSB resource as described herein. The WTRU may determine that the QCL source for the nth TCI state corresponds to the nth SSB resource included in the MAC CE.

[0213] In an example, the WTRU may send signaling such as a MAC CE, which includes resources detected by the WTRU and / or one or more corresponding measurement results, where the resources may be defined as one or more of a PCI, an SSB index, a serving cell index, and / or carrier information. A first resource of the MAC CE may identify a QCL source for a first TCI state, a second resource may identify a QCL source for a second TCI state, and so on. The WTRU may apply the association when sending a PUSCH containing a MAC CE, or when receiving a MAC CE from the network acknowledging receipt of a MAC CE sent by the WTRU.

[0214] In an example, the WTRU may receive signaling (e.g., a MAC CE including resources, which may be defined as one or more of a PCI, an SSB index, a serving cell index, and / or carrier information. A first resource of the MAC CE may identify a QCL source for a first TCI state, a second resource may identify a QCL source for a second TCI state, and so on. The WTRU may apply the association some time after successfully receiving the MAC CE or sending a HARQ-ACK for a PDSCH carrying the MAC CE.

[0215] Flexible CSI resource configuration for L1 measurement of candidate cells may be provided. The WTRU may measure and / or report CSI information such as RI, CQI, SSBRI and / or CRI based on one or more measurement resource sets, where one or more elements of the set may depend on dynamic aspects. For example, the dynamic aspect may be the reception / transmission of MAC CE signaling and / or the reception of DCI signaling (e.g., dynamic signaling may include MAC and / or DCI). Such resource sets may be referred to herein as dynamic resource sets. Dynamic resource sets may be used when the WTRU autonomously and dynamically reports the strongest resource (e.g., or beam) that it detects autonomously and needs to perform L1 and / or CSI measurements on such resources (e.g., without RRC reconfiguration). Resources in a dynamic resource set may share common carrier information. Carrier information may be semi-statically configured for a dynamic resource set (e.g., via RRC), or carrier information may be signaled via MAC CE. Alternatively, carrier information may be indicated independently for (e.g., each) resource in a dynamic resource set.

[0216] The WTRU may receive dynamic signaling indicating resources to be included in a dynamic resource set. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE including one or more of the following information: an identification of an applicable CSI measurement configuration, a CSI reporting configuration, and / or an aperiodic CSI triggering state; a resource set type such as whether the resource is an SSB (CSI-SSB-ResourceSet) or an NZP CSI-RS (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet); a resource set identification such as a CSI-SSB-ResourceSetId; carrier information applicable to the resource set; and / or for one or more resources, one or more parameters identifying the resource, such as an SSB index, a PCI, and / or carrier information for SSB resources, or an NZP CSI-RS resource Id for NZP CSI-RS resources, and / or an index or order of the resources in the set indicated explicitly or implicitly from the order of the resources within the MAC CE.

[0217] A WTRU may receive a request to detect and / or report resources to be included in a dynamic resource set. For example, the WTRU may (e.g., first) receive signaling such as a MAC CE that includes an identification of a resource set (such as a CSI SSB resource set) and requests the WTRU to detect and report up to K SSB resources to be included in the resource set. The WTRU may perform such detection for certain carrier information signaled in the MAC CE or configured for the indicated resource set. The WTRU may send an SSB report as described herein and may determine that the nth resource in the resource set corresponds to the nth SSB resource included in the MAC CE.

[0218] Dynamically associated CSI-RS may be provided. CSI-RS resource sets may be dynamically associated with SSBs to enable CSI reporting of narrower beams within wider beams. One or more of the following steps may be applied.

[0219] Configuration may be performed. The WTRU may be configured with a pool of CSI-RS resource sets per L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) area. The WTRU may be indicated (e.g., by a serving cell) with an index into one or more CSI-RS resource sets (e.g., a resource set may contain CSI-RS resources) in the configured pool, where the indicated resource sets may be defined as "activated".

[0220] L1 measurements may be performed. The WTRU may measure a set of configured SSBs in the LTM area, where the SSBs may be associated with cells outside the serving cell. The measurement may be RSRP. The WTRU may determine a first set of RSRP / SSB / PCI combinations to report to the serving cell (e.g., the WTRU may report the best N RSRP values ​​and / or corresponding SSB / PCI indexes). The reported measurements may be L1 filtered measurements. The WTRU may determine a subset of SSB / PCI pairs from the first set. For example, the subset may include the SSB / PCI pair with the maximum RSRP. The subset of SSB / PCI pairs may be indicated by the gNB (e.g., indicated in MAC CE#1).

[0221] Association may be performed. The activated CSI-RS resource set and the SSB / PCI from a subset of SSB / PCI pairs may be determined (e.g., determined by the WTRU) or indicated (e.g., indicated by the gNB in ​​MAC CE#1) as "associated". As used herein, the term "associated" may mean that the SSB and the CSI-RS resource set are assumed to have a QCL relationship such as QCL-C and / or QCL-D. The QCL reference of the CSI-RS resource set may be set to the SSB / PCI. The association may be indicated by the gNB and / or achieved via an implicit method. For example, in an implicit method, the SSB / PCI pairs in the subset may be associated with the CSI-RS resource set (e.g., if there are any CSI-RS resource sets available). For example, the SSB / PCI pair may be associated with an available (e.g., currently unassociated) CSI-RS resource set, where the resource set may be the resource set with the lowest index. The association may follow one or more of the following rules: the association may be established / released / changed by the gNB (e.g., using MAC CE); the association may be applied under certain conditions, for example, certain SSB / PCI pairs may not be allowed for association (e.g., based on priority parameters); and / or if the associated SSB / PCI pair exits the subset, the CSI-RS resource set may become available (e.g., the association is released).

[0222] Reporting of CSI-RS measurements may be performed. The WTRU may measure the associated CSI-RS (e.g., RSRP measurement) and may report to the serving cell (e.g., possibly filtered measurements). The reporting of the CSI-RS may be conditional on one or more of: the RSRP (e.g., average / best RSRP) of the CSI-RS resource set (e.g., which may be L1 filtered) being greater than a threshold (e.g., higher than the RSRP+offset of the associated SSB); if the CSI-RS resource set RSRP condition is not met (e.g., not met for a period of time), the CSI-RS resource set may be released; and / or the associated release may be indicated to the gNB, or the gNB may implicitly determine the associated release from the WTRU report.

[0223] One or more of the embodiments described herein may be extended to TCI states. A pool of TCI states may be configured and a subset of TCI states may be assigned to a WTRU. A signal used as a QCL source for TCI states may be dynamically updated and may be transmitted to SSB / CSI-RS candidates.

[0224] The processes and approaches described herein may be applied in any combination, may be applied to other wireless technologies, and may be applied to other services.

[0225] The WTRU may refer to an identity of a physical device, or to an identity of a user, such as an identity associated with a subscription, for example, an MSISDN, a SIP URI, etc. The WTRU may refer to an application-based identity, such as a user name that each application may use.

[0226] The above process may be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (electronic signals sent via wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, buffer memory, semiconductor storage devices, magnetic media (such as, but not limited to, internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and / or optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and / or digital versatile disks (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, and / or any host computer.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: A processor, the processor being configured to: receiving, from a serving cell, configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells, the configuration information comprising an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement; performing the first type of measurement on a neighboring cell of the one or more neighboring cells; Determining, based on the first type of measurement, that the neighboring cell satisfies the reporting condition; Based on determining that the neighboring cell satisfies the reporting condition, sending a request to the serving cell to activate the second type of measurement for the neighboring cell; as well as An activation command for reporting the second type of measurement on the neighboring cell is received from the serving cell.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The processor is further configured to: performing the second type of measurement on the neighboring cell; and A report is sent to the serving cell indicating one or more measurement values ​​associated with the second type of measurement.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The first type of measurement comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement, and wherein the reporting condition comprises a layer 1 (L1) measurement event triggering condition.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The configuration information includes configuration information of the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement for each neighboring cell of a plurality of neighboring cells.

5. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The activation command is received in one or more of a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

6. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The request to activate the second type of measurement comprises one or more of a MAC CE or a scheduling request.

7. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The second type of measurement comprises a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) based measurement of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The first type of measurements and the second type of measurements are L1 measurements.

9. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving, from a serving cell, configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells, the configuration information comprising an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement; performing the first type of measurement on a neighboring cell of the one or more neighboring cells; Determining, based on the first type of measurement, that the neighboring cell satisfies the reporting condition; Based on determining that the neighboring cell satisfies the reporting condition, sending a request to the serving cell to activate the second type of measurement for the neighboring cell; as well as An activation command for reporting the second type of measurement on the neighboring cell is received from the serving cell.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: performing the second type of measurement on the neighboring cell; as well as A report is sent to the serving cell indicating one or more measurement values ​​associated with the second type of measurement.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The first type of measurement comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement, and wherein the reporting condition comprises a layer 1 (L1) measurement event triggering condition.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The configuration information includes configuration information of the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement for each neighboring cell of a plurality of neighboring cells.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The activation command is received in one or more of a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The request to activate the second type of measurement comprises one or more of a MAC CE or a scheduling request.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The second type of measurement comprises a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) based measurement of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell.

16. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The first type of measurements and the second type of measurements are L1 measurements.

17. A base station (BS), comprising: A processor, the processor being configured to: sending configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells to a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the configuration information comprising an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement; receiving, from the WTRU, a request to activate the second type of measurement of the neighbor cell based on determining that the neighbor cell satisfies the reporting condition; as well as An activation command is sent to the WTRU for reporting measurements associated with the second type of measurements on the neighboring cell.

18. The BS according to claim 17, wherein: The processor is also configured to receive a report from the WTRU indicating one or more measurement values ​​associated with the second type of measurement.

19. The BS according to claim 17, wherein: The activation command is sent in one or more of a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

20. The BS according to claim 17, wherein: The request to activate the second type of measurement is received in one or more of a MAC CE or a scheduling request.

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