Flue-cured tobacco drip-moistening well cellar transplanting method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of flue-cured tobacco transplanting, and particularly relates to a drip-moistening well cellar transplanting method for flue-cured tobacco. The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco drip-moistening well cellar transplanting method, which solves the problems of low efficiency, high cost, unstable tobacco seedling survival rate and the like in the traditional transplanting technology through drip irrigation tape laying, soil moisture content adjustment, cellar making by using a special well cellar device, drip irrigation and water replenishing, accurate seedling planting and subsequent management, overcomes the limitation of soil moisture content on well cellar making, and improves the survival rate of tobacco seedlings. The manufactured well cellars are consistent in depth, water completely acts on ridge bodies, waste is avoided, overall operation is simple, and large-area popularization is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of flue-cured tobacco transplanting, and in particular relates to a flue-cured tobacco dripping well cellar transplanting method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mainstream transplanting modes of flue-cured tobacco in the country are transplanting small seedlings under film and transplanting in well-pits. Transplanting small seedlings under film requires digging holes in advance, and poking holes and digging out seedlings after planting, which requires a large amount of labor and poor uniformity of tobacco fields. Well-pit transplanting has a fast recovery rate and a high survival rate, but the existing well-pit transplanting has problems with high machinery purchase, maintenance and labor costs, and it has extremely high requirements for soil moisture conditions, with a relative soil moisture content of 60%-70%, which limits the large-scale promotion of well-pit transplanting.

[0003] Shandong tobacco-growing areas provide a water-made well-cellar transplanting method, which uses the shaping effect of the well-cellar device and water flow to make wells of appropriate size and depth on the tobacco ridges. When the water has not completely penetrated into the soil and there is a remaining 1 / 3-1 / 2 depth, the tobacco seedlings of appropriate age are planted into the flue-cured tobacco field. This method makes the well cellar walls natural and not smooth, which is conducive to the rooting of tobacco seedlings, but there are the following major defects: 1. Since the water pressure is difficult to control, the planting depth is inconsistent, which affects the growth of tobacco seedlings and the uniformity of the field in the early stage. 2. Water-made wells and seedling planting need to be carried out simultaneously, and the speed of cellar making limits the improvement of transplanting efficiency. 3. When moving the well-cellar device, water is easy to spray onto the ridge or splash the operator's clothes and shoes, which wastes water on the one hand and is not very comfortable for the operator on the other. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and provide a flue-cured tobacco dripping well cellar transplanting method, which overcomes the limitation of soil moisture content on the production of well cellars, the depth of the produced well cellars is consistent, and all the moisture acts on the ridge body, avoiding waste. The overall operation is simple and convenient for large-scale promotion.

[0005] The present application provides a flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Lay the drip irrigation tape. Before transplanting, drip irrigation capillary tubes should be laid, and the position should deviate from the center line of the chimney by 5-10 cm.

[0007] Step S2: Adjust the soil moisture. Before transplanting tobacco leaves, determine the soil moisture of the ridge. If the soil moisture is insufficient, it is necessary to create moisture; if the soil moisture content is too high, postpone the transplanting period.

[0008] Step S3: Make a pit, insert the front end of the pit well device vertically into the middle of the ridge body to the limit plate to make a pit well.

[0009] Step 4: Water the transplanting process, first with drip irrigation and then planting the tobacco seedlings.

[0010] Step 5: Plant the tobacco seedlings in the prepared well cellar.

[0011] Step 6: Add water to promote rooting, and continue to use drip irrigation to add water after planting the tobacco seedlings.

[0012] Step 7: Insect prevention and water and fertilizer management: spray pesticides to prevent and control underground pests after planting; use fertilizer to promote seedling growth.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil moisture required in step S2 is such that the soil can be held in a ball and can bloom when touched to the ground.

[0014] Furthermore, step S2 adopts drip irrigation to make soil moisture, and the drip irrigation time is determined according to the soil type. Generally, the soil moisture content of sandy loam reaches 50%-60%, and the soil moisture content of loam reaches 45%-55%.

[0015] Furthermore, the well pit device used in step S3 can be operated by a water-made well pit transplanter, including a conical column well pit device, an operating rod and other components. The upper cylinder of the well pit device has a diameter of 8-10 cm, a length of 12-17 cm, and a lower cone of 8-15 cm. There is a limit plate at the connection between the well pit device and the operating rod, with a diameter of 15-20 cm, which is used to limit the depth of the well pit.

[0016] Furthermore, the well cellar prepared in step S3 has a diameter of 6-8 cm, a depth of about 15-20 cm, and the well wall is not collapsed and not smooth.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S3, the cellar can be prepared in advance according to the transplanting period, and the cellar preparation and seedling planting can be performed separately.

[0018] Furthermore, step S5 is performed when the soil in the cellar is moist or a small amount of water appears in step S4, and the growth point of the tobacco seedlings is 5 cm-7 cm away from the ground film after planting.

[0019] Furthermore, step S5 requires that the tobacco seedlings are uniform and of appropriate size, with a stem height of 3 cm-5 cm, 5-6 functional leaves, and the leaves are cut once, and the stems are relatively thick and tough, uniform in size, and free of diseases and insect pests.

[0020] Furthermore, the drip irrigation time in step S6 is about 1.5-2.5 hours, which promotes close integration of the root system and the soil.

[0021] Preferably, in the flue-cured tobacco drip-film well cellar transplanting method, before building the cellar in step S3, the ground film is laid and the ground film is processed at fixed points, that is, the ground film is punctured at intervals of 45-50 cm, and when building the cellar in step S3, the cellar is built at the fixed position.

[0022] Preferably, in the flue-cured tobacco drip-moistened underground cellar transplanting method, before building the cellar in step S3, the tobacco ridges made in step S2 are marked at intervals of 45-50 cm; when building the cellar in step S3, the marked positions are built; after completing step S7, the ground film is covered on the tobacco ridges.

[0023] Preferably, the steps S2, S3 and S4 are combined and a transplanter is used to build the cellar and plant the seedlings at one time.

[0024] Preferably, the transplanter is a ride-on tobacco seedling transplanter for planting tobacco seedlings in the soil, and includes at least a transplanting body that travels on the soil, a seedling picking part for storing and releasing tobacco seedlings, and an interpolation part for digging seedling holes in the soil and planting tobacco seedlings. The transplanting body includes a frame, an engine and a gearbox arranged on the frame, and front wheels and rear wheels arranged under the frame. A seat is also provided above the frame, and an armrest is provided at the rear of the frame.

[0025] The tobacco seedling transplanter also includes:

[0026] There are two seedling storage parts, one on the left and one on the right side of the transplanting vehicle body, and the seedling storage parts include:

[0027] The fixed support comprises a transverse support fixed to the transplanting vehicle body, a longitudinal support arranged above the stop end of the transverse support, and a hollow tube body arranged in front of the stop end of the longitudinal support;

[0028] A rotating wobble plate is rotatably arranged on the hollow tube body, comprising a rotating core shaft arranged through the upper and lower end surfaces of the hollow tube body, an adjusting disc arranged at the upper end of the rotating core shaft, a rotating cross arm arranged on one side of the rotating core shaft, a wobble plate frame arranged above the rotating cross arm, and a wobble plate body arranged on the wobble plate frame, wherein the adjusting disc has adjusting through holes distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and a lower stop plate is also arranged at the rotating core shaft located below the hollow tube body;

[0029] The locking pin shaft comprises a pin shaft body which is arranged through the upper and lower end surfaces of the hollow tube body, a spring retaining ring arranged on the outer wall of the pin shaft body, the spring retaining ring is stopped below the upper end surface of the hollow tube body, a reset compression spring is also wound on the pin shaft body below the spring retaining ring, and a horizontal handle is also provided on the side of the lower end of the pin shaft body. The transplanter can provide two modes: riding mode and hand-held mode. In the riding mode, the user sits on the seat and then puts the tobacco seedlings on the seedling storage part into the seedling removal part; in the hand-held mode, the user stands on the ground and follows the walking and puts the tobacco seedlings in the seedling storage part into the seedling removal part, and controls the steering through the handrail. The rotating pendulum plate of the seedling storage part can rotate around the fixed bracket to adapt to the two working modes of riding mode and hand-held mode: in the riding mode, the stop end of the rotating pendulum plate is set toward the seat, and in the hand-held mode, the stop end of the rotating pendulum plate is set toward the armrest.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] This application uses drip irrigation technology and makes cellars in advance, which not only solves some problems in the process of transplanting well cellars in the traditional water-making method, but also brings improvements in many aspects. First, this method can separate the cellar making and tobacco planting steps, improve the transplanting efficiency, and optimize the process of making cellars in advance and planting tobacco seedlings after making cellars in step S3, breaking the limitation of simultaneous cellar making and seedling planting in the traditional water-making method, and reducing the waiting time caused by overlapping processes; in steps S4 and S6, a drip irrigation system is used to pre-wet the soil and continuously replenish water, replacing the links that require two people to operate manually in traditional technology, saving manpower investment, and the conventional method requires 4 people to collaborate, 1 person to make cellars, 1 person to drag pipes, and 2 people to plant seedlings, with an average efficiency of only 2 mu / day. The technical solution of this application is assisted by separation of processes and mechanization, and the average efficiency per person is increased to 4 mu / day, doubling the efficiency; the conventional method needs to rely on water flow impact to make cellars, which is time-consuming and requires synchronous watering. The technical solution realizes waterless cellar making through standardized well cellar devices and drip irrigation systems, reducing process interference. The conventional method requires more than 2.5 kg of water per cellar, and manual operation is time-consuming; the technical solution uses drip irrigation to accurately control the amount of water and achieve automated water-saving.

[0032] The technical solution of the present application improves the comfort of transplanting. In step S3, the well pit device is directly inserted into the mold without the need to cooperate with the impact of the water flow, which avoids the workers from holding the water pipe for a long time and reduces physical exertion. Step S2 uses drip irrigation to replace manual judgment of soil moisture, reducing the tedious operation of workers repeatedly checking soil moisture. Conventional methods require workers to drag water pipes and frequently bend over to make pits in a high temperature environment, which is labor-intensive; the technical solution covers the ground film through a drip irrigation system to reduce the exposure time of field operations. The traditional water-making method requires multiple people to cooperate in dragging pipes, making pits, and planting seedlings, which is difficult to coordinate; the technical solution of the present application only requires 1-2 people to operate drip irrigation and well pit devices, and the division of labor is clearer.

[0033] The technical solution of the present application improves the survival rate of tobacco seedlings. Step S2 sets the drip irrigation time according to different soil types to ensure the stability of the root environment humidity and avoid the ambiguous judgment of "water depth 1 / 3-1 / 2" in the traditional method, which leads to over-wetting or drought. Step S4 pre-wet the soil in the cellar so that there is no need to press hard when planting seedlings, avoiding the risk of root breakage caused by dry and hard soil in the traditional method. Step S6 drip irrigation lasts for 2 hours to promote the combination of roots and soil, which is more in line with the water absorption law of plants than the traditional "planting seedlings immediately after watering". The traditional method causes fluctuations in soil moisture due to excessive watering or uneven leakage, and the survival rate is usually 90%-95%; the technical solution of the present application increases the survival rate to more than 98% through standardized drip irrigation, and the seedling period is significantly shortened.

[0034] The technical solution of the present application can promote the development of tobacco seedling roots. The depth of the well in step S3 is 18 cm, which provides a larger longitudinal extension space for the roots. The conical design reduces the pressure on the side walls, and the drip irrigation replenishment allows the soil to penetrate slowly, avoiding the compaction problem caused by traditional large-scale irrigation, maintaining the soil aggregate structure, and promoting root respiration. The traditional water irrigation method destroys the soil structure due to the impact force, which is easy to form a compaction layer. The technical solution of the present application drips the soil to moisten the soil and then plants the seedlings, so that the roots are in closer contact with the soil, the stem thickness increases, and the lodging resistance is significantly improved.

[0035] The technical solution of the present application is conducive to homogenized production. The limit plates of the well pit device in step S3 ensure the consistency of depth and balanced spacing, avoiding the uneven density caused by human errors in traditional methods. Step S5 stipulates that the growth point is 5cm-7cm away from the ground film, which is combined with the standard well pit depth to ensure the uniformity of the tobacco seedlings and provide a basis for mechanized harvesting and curing. Traditional methods rely on manual control of the well pit depth, and the height of the tobacco seedlings varies greatly; the technical solution of the present application achieves improved field uniformity through tool standardization, consistent maturity of the tobacco leaves in the later stage, and improved harvesting and curing efficiency.

[0036] The technical solution of the present application is convenient for mechanized operation. In step S1, the drip irrigation capillary is fixed under the ground film to avoid interference between the traditional dragging tube belt and the mechanical wheel rail, providing a flat working surface for the transplanting machinery. In step S7, the seedling fertilizer is applied through drip irrigation, which can be directly connected to the mechanical fertilization module. The traditional method requires manual watering along the well wall, which is difficult to mechanize. The traditional method is limited by water pressure supply and manual coordination, and can only achieve semi-mechanization; the technical solution of the present application separates cellar making, drip irrigation, and fertilization through modular design, which can be adapted to small transplanters in hilly areas and can greatly improve work efficiency.

[0037] By separating the cellar making and seedling planting processes, precise drip irrigation, tool standardization and water-fertilizer integration, this technical solution is superior to traditional water-making methods in terms of efficiency, labor intensity, survival rate, homogenization and mechanization compatibility. It is particularly suitable for large-scale tobacco fields and areas with labor shortages, and provides a replicable technical path for the modernization of tobacco agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the tobacco seedling transplanter.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a side view of an embodiment of the tobacco seedling transplanter.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a top view of an embodiment of the tobacco seedling transplanter.

[0041] Figure 4 It is a front view of an embodiment of the tobacco seedling transplanter.

[0042] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of a state of the seedling storage unit.

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of another state of the seedling storage unit.

[0044] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the locking pin shaft.

[0045] In the figure:

[0046] 9. Transplant body, 91. Frame, 92. Engine, 93. Gearbox, 94. Front wheel, 95. Rear wheel, 96. Seat, 97. Handrail;

[0047] 8. Take the seedling part;

[0048] 7. Interpolation department;

[0049] 6. Seedling storage department;

[0050] 5. Reset compression spring;

[0051] 1. Fixed bracket, 11. Horizontal bracket, 12. Vertical bracket, 13. Hollow tube;

[0052] 2. Rotating the swing plate, 21. Rotating the core shaft, 22. Adjusting the disc, 23. Rotating the cross arm, 24. The swing plate frame, 25. The swing plate body, 26. Adjusting the through hole;

[0053] 3. Locking pin shaft, 31. Pin shaft body, 32. Spring retaining ring, 33. Return compression spring, 34. Horizontal handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] The following embodiments use a ride-on tobacco seedling transplanter to plant tobacco seedlings in the soil. Figure 1-7 As shown, it at least includes a transplanting vehicle body 9 that walks on the ground, a seedling taking part 8 for storing and releasing tobacco seedlings, and an interpolation part 7 for digging seedling holes on the ground and planting tobacco seedlings. The transplanting vehicle body 9 includes a frame 91, an engine 92 and a gearbox 93 arranged on the frame 91, and front wheels 94 and rear wheels 95 arranged below the frame 91. A seat 96 is also provided above the frame 91, and a handrail 97 is provided at the rear of the frame 91.

[0056] The tobacco seedling transplanter also includes:

[0057] There are two seedling storage parts 6, one on the left and one on the right side of the transplanting vehicle body 9, respectively. The seedling storage parts 6 include:

[0058] The fixed support 1 comprises a transverse support 11 fixed to the transplanting vehicle body 9, a longitudinal support 12 arranged above the stop end of the transverse support 11, and a hollow tube body 13 arranged in front of the stop end of the longitudinal support 12;

[0059] The rotating wobble plate 2 is rotatably arranged on the hollow tube body 13, and includes a rotating core shaft 21 penetrating the upper and lower end surfaces of the hollow tube body 13, an adjusting disc 22 arranged at the upper end of the rotating core shaft 21, a rotating cross arm 23 arranged at one side of the rotating core shaft 21, a wobble plate frame 24 arranged above the rotating cross arm 23, and a wobble plate body 25 arranged on the wobble plate frame 24, wherein the adjusting disc 22 has adjusting through holes distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and the rotating core shaft 21 is further provided with a lower stop plate 26 at the lower part of the hollow tube body 13;

[0060] The locking pin 3 includes a pin body 31 that passes through the upper and lower end surfaces of the hollow tube body 13, and a spring retaining ring 32 that is arranged on the outer wall of the pin body 31. The spring retaining ring 32 is stopped below the upper end surface of the hollow tube body 13. A return compression spring 33 is also wound on the pin body 31 below the spring retaining ring 32. A horizontal handle 34 is also provided on the side of the lower end of the pin body 31.

[0061] The seedling storage part 6 can adjust the direction of the rotating swing plate 2 to adapt to the two modes of riding mode and hand-held mode:

[0062] In the riding mode, the stop end of the rotating swing plate 2 faces the seat 96, which is convenient for passengers to take seedlings. Figure 5 As shown;

[0063] In the hand-held mode, the end of the rotating swing plate 2 faces the handrail 97, which is convenient for passengers to take seedlings. Figure 6 shown.

[0064] After the rotating wobble plate 2 is rotated, it can be fixed by the locking pin shaft 3:

[0065] Pressing the horizontal handle 34 drives the pin body 31 and the spring retaining ring 32 to move downward to overcome the damping of the return compression spring 33, and the upper end of the pin body 31 is pulled out from the adjustment through hole of the adjustment disc 22, and the rotational freedom of the rotating swing disc 2 is unlocked;

[0066] Rotating the rotating wobble plate 2;

[0067] When the horizontal handle 34 is released, the return compression spring 33 drives the spring retaining ring 32 and the pin shaft body 31 upward, so that the pin shaft body 31 is inserted into other adjustment through holes of the adjustment disk 22, thereby locking the rotational freedom of the rotating swing plate 2.

[0068] Example 1: Transplanting flue-cured tobacco in a well cellar on a drip-moistened film

[0069] The flue-cured tobacco transplanting in the well cellar on the drip film includes the following steps:

[0070] Step S1: Film covering and pipe laying. Film covering should be carried out while the soil is moist before transplanting. The film covering standard shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of Q / SDYC113117-2022. Silver-gray film is recommended, with silver on the top and gray on the bottom. When covering the ground film, drip irrigation capillary tubes should be laid at the same time, located under the ground film. To prevent damage to the drip irrigation tape, the drip irrigation capillary tubes should be laid 5cm-10cm away from the center line of the chimney.

[0071] Step S2: Adjust the soil moisture. Check the soil moisture of the ridge before transplanting tobacco leaves. If the soil moisture is insufficient, drip irrigation should be started one day in advance to achieve the state of holding the leaves in a ball and blooming on the ground. The drip irrigation time is determined according to the soil type. Generally, it takes about 3 hours for sandy loam to reach a soil moisture content of 50%-60%, and about 2 hours for loam to reach a soil moisture content of 45%-55%. If the soil moisture is suitable, this step can be omitted. If the soil moisture content is too high, it is recommended to postpone the transplanting period and transplant when the soil moisture is suitable. The water used for drip irrigation must ensure that the water temperature is suitable, the water quality is clean and pollution-free, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, meeting the relevant requirements of Q / SDYC113120-2021.

[0072] Step S3: Make a pit. Insert the front end of the pit device vertically into the middle of the ridge body until it reaches the limit plate and then pull out the pit device. The pit is conical, with a diameter of 8 cm and a depth of 18 cm. The pit wall is not collapsed and not smooth. The spacing between the pits is 45 cm to 50 cm, and the transplanting density reaches 1,100 plants / 667 m 2 -1250 plants / 667m 2 , can be fixed in advance or with a well pit ranger. According to the transplanting period, the pit can be made in advance, and the tobacco seedlings can be planted after the pit is made.

[0073] Step S4: watering the transplanting seedlings, first drip irrigation and then planting the tobacco seedlings. Start drip irrigation for about 0.5 hours before planting the tobacco seedlings to make the soil in the cellar moist or a small amount of visible water appear so as not to damage the root system when planting the tobacco seedlings.

[0074] Step S5: Plant the tobacco seedlings in the prepared wells, gently hold the roots of the tobacco seedlings with three fingers, and plant the roots into the wells; after planting, the growth point of the tobacco seedlings is 5cm-7cm away from the ground film.

[0075] Step S6: Supplement water to promote rooting. Continue to use drip irrigation to supplement water after planting the tobacco seedlings. Drip irrigation is continuously turned on for about 2 hours to promote the close integration of the root system and the soil.

[0076] Step S7: Pest control and water and fertilizer management: spray underground pest control agents after planting; use seedling-raising fertilizer. Use 2000 times diluted 2.5% cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate for spraying. If seedling-raising fertilizer is used, it can be prepared into a water-fertilizer solution and used together with drip irrigation when planting tobacco seedlings or sprinkled along the well wall after planting. Pay attention to the concentration when using it.

[0077] Example 2: Flue-cured tobacco transplanting in a well cellar under a drip-moistened film

[0078] The flue-cured tobacco transplanting under drip film well cellar includes the following steps:

[0079] Step S1: Drip irrigation capillary tubes are laid before transplanting. To prevent damage to the drip irrigation tapes, the drip irrigation capillary tubes should be laid 5cm-10cm away from the center line of the chimney.

[0080] Step S2: Adjust the soil moisture. Check the soil moisture of the ridge before transplanting tobacco leaves. If the soil moisture is insufficient, drip irrigation should be started one day in advance to achieve the state of holding the leaves in a ball and blooming on the ground. The drip irrigation time is determined according to the soil type. Generally, it takes about 3 hours for sandy loam to reach a soil moisture content of 50%-60%, and about 2 hours for loam to reach a soil moisture content of 45%-55%. If the soil moisture is suitable, this step can be omitted. If the soil moisture content is too high, it is recommended to postpone the transplanting period and transplant when the soil moisture is suitable. The water used for drip irrigation must ensure that the water temperature is suitable, the water quality is clean and pollution-free, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, meeting the relevant requirements of Q / SDYC113120-2021.

[0081] Step S3: Make a pit. Insert the front end of the pit device vertically into the middle of the ridge body until it reaches the limit plate and then pull out the pit device. The pit is conical, with a diameter of 8 cm and a depth of about 18 cm. The pit wall is not collapsed and not smooth. The spacing between the pits is 45 cm to 50 cm, and the transplanting density reaches 1,100 plants / 667 m 2 -1250 plants / 667m 2 , can be fixed in advance or with a well pit ranger. According to the transplanting period, the pit can be made in advance, and the tobacco seedlings can be planted after the pit is made.

[0082] Step S4: Watering the transplanting seedlings, drip irrigation first and then planting the tobacco seedlings. Start drip irrigation for about 0.5 hours before planting the tobacco seedlings, so that the soil in the cellar is moist or a small amount of water appears, so as not to damage the root system when planting the tobacco seedlings.

[0083] Step S5: Plant the tobacco seedlings in the prepared well. Use three fingers to gently hold the roots of the tobacco seedlings and plant the roots into the well; after planting, the growth point of the tobacco seedlings should be 5cm-7cm away from the ground film.

[0084] Step S6: Supplement water to promote rooting. Continue to use drip irrigation to supplement water after planting the tobacco seedlings. Drip irrigation is continuously turned on for about 2 hours to promote the close integration of the root system and the soil.

[0085] Step S7: Pest control and water and fertilizer management: spray underground pest control agents after planting; use seedling-raising fertilizer. Use 2000 times diluted 2.5% cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate for spraying. If seedling-raising fertilizer is used, it can be prepared into a water-fertilizer solution and used together with drip irrigation when planting tobacco seedlings or sprinkled along the well wall after planting. Pay attention to the concentration when using it.

[0086] Step S8: Covering with film while transplanting. The covering standard shall be implemented according to the requirements of Q / SDYC113117-2022. It is recommended to use colorless or white plus silver-gray film.

[0087] Step S9: poking holes in the film, checking and replanting the seedlings within 5 days after planting, removing dead seedlings and seedlings damaged by underground pests, and replanting healthy seedlings of the same variety; checking and replanting seedlings are generally carried out after 16:00 in the afternoon, and the survival rate of tobacco seedlings is not less than 99%. About 15 days after transplanting, when the leaves of the tobacco seedlings just touch the film, according to the temperature in the well cellar and the growth of the tobacco seedlings, the film is promptly broken before 10:00 in the morning or after 16:00 in the afternoon to expose the seedlings, so that the tobacco seedlings gradually adapt to the external environment. If the external temperature is higher than 28°C after transplanting, a small hole with a diameter of about 1 cm is poked above the side of the tobacco seedlings to help cool down and reduce humidity in the well cellar to avoid hurting the seedlings.

[0088] Example 3: Mechanical well cellar transplanting of flue-cured tobacco on drip-moistened film

[0089] Mechanical transplanting includes the following steps:

[0090] Step S1: Film covering and pipe laying. Film covering should be carried out before transplanting while the soil is moist. The film covering standard shall be implemented in accordance with the requirements of Q / SDYC113117-2022. Silver-gray film is recommended, with silver on the top and gray on the bottom. When covering the ground film, drip irrigation capillary tubes should be laid at the same time, and the position should be under the ground film. To prevent damage to the drip irrigation capillary tape, the drip irrigation capillary tubes should be laid 7cm-10cm away from the center line of the chimney.

[0091] Step S2: Adjust the soil moisture. Check the soil moisture of the ridge before transplanting tobacco leaves. If the soil moisture is insufficient, drip irrigation should be started one day in advance to achieve the state of holding the leaves in a ball and blooming on the ground. The drip irrigation time is determined according to the soil type. Generally, it takes about 3 hours for sandy loam to reach a soil moisture content of 50%-60%, and about 2 hours for loam to reach a soil moisture content of 45%-55%. If the soil moisture is suitable, this step can be omitted. If the soil moisture content is too high, it is recommended to postpone the transplanting period and transplant when the soil moisture is suitable. The water used for drip irrigation must ensure that the water temperature is suitable, the water quality is clean and pollution-free, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, meeting the relevant requirements of Q / SDYC113120-2021.

[0092] Step S3: Transplantation, using a transplanter for transplanting. The transplanter uses a duckbill type seedling placing device, which is inserted into the soil about 18 cm, and the duckbill is opened to make a well cellar with a width of 6-8 cm, and the tobacco seedlings are placed in the well cellar with a spacing of 45 cm-50 cm. The transplanting density reaches 1100 plants / 667m 2 -1250 plants / 667m 2 After planting, the growth point of the tobacco seedlings should be 5cm-7cm away from the ground film.

[0093] Step S4: Supplement water to promote rooting. Continue to use drip irrigation to supplement water after planting the tobacco seedlings. Drip irrigation is continuously turned on for about 2 hours to promote the close integration of the root system and the soil.

[0094] Step S5: Pest control and water and fertilizer management: spray underground pest control agents after planting; use seedling-raising fertilizer. Use 2000 times diluted 2.5% cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate for spraying. If seedling-raising fertilizer is used, it can be prepared into a water-fertilizer solution and used together with drip irrigation when planting tobacco seedlings or sprinkled along the well wall after planting. Pay attention to the concentration when using it.

[0095] Comparative Example

[0096] In 2023, transplanting will be carried out in Pingyi County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, and an experiment on the flue-cured tobacco drip-well cellar transplanting method will be conducted using the local conventional transplanting method as a control.

[0097] The conventional transplanting method is water-made pit transplanting. The specific method is as follows: slowly insert the front end of the pit maker vertically into the middle of the ridge, insert it into the limit plate with the force of the water flow, gently turn it and pull out the pit maker vertically when the water overflows the ridge. After completing a pit digging action, quickly move the pit maker to the next pit digging point. The pit diameter is 8cm, the pit depth is about 15cm, the pit spacing is 45cm to 50cm, and the transplanting density reaches 1200 plants / 667m 2 ~1300 plants / 667m 2 , water each well with more than 2.5kg of water. Plant the tobacco seedlings in the center of the cellar when the water has not completely seeped down and the water depth is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 to keep the tobacco seedling roots closely connected to the soil. After planting, the tobacco seedling growth point is 5cm to 7cm away from the ground film. One person waters the well, one person drags the pipe belt, and two people plant the seedlings. The rest is implemented according to the embodiment 1 of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0098] As can be seen from Table 1, the flue-cured tobacco dripping well cellar transplanting method has greatly improved the operating efficiency compared with the conventional transplanting method, which is conducive to centralized transplanting, centralized baking, and improving the homogenization level of tobacco leaves.

[0099] Table 1 Questionnaire for different processing efficiency.

[0100]

[0101] As can be seen from Table 2, the drip-moistened well cellar transplanting of flue-cured tobacco improved work efficiency and reduced the transplanting cost by 30 yuan / mu compared with the conventional method, with a proportion of 40.0%.

[0102] Table 2 Survey form of different treatment costs.

[0103]

[0104] As can be seen from Table 3, the survival rate of tobacco seedlings investigated 3-4 days after planting shows that the survival rate of flue-cured tobacco transplanted in drip-moistened well-cellars is slightly higher than that of conventional transplants, and the seedlings grow out of the well-cellars earlier than conventional transplants. It can be seen that through the drip-moistened well-cellar transplant, the root system of tobacco seedlings is well rooted, which can increase the survival rate of tobacco seedlings to a certain extent and promote early and rapid growth of tobacco seedlings.

[0105] Table 3 Survey form for post-planting conditions under different treatments.

[0106]

[0107] It can be seen from Table 4 that the uniformity of flue-cured tobacco transplanted in dripping well cellars during the small cluster stage is significantly higher than that of conventional transplanting methods, indicating that the degree of standardization of flue-cured tobacco transplanted in dripping well cellars is high and the growth of tobacco seedlings is uniform.

[0108] Table 4 Survey form of early field uniformity under different treatments.

[0109]

[0110]

Claims

1. A flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Lay the drip irrigation tape before transplanting, with the position deviating 5-10cm from the center line of the tobacco ridge; S2. Determine the soil moisture of the ridge and adjust it; S3, inserting a well cellar device into the ridge body to make a well cellar; S4, turn on the drip irrigation belt for 0.5-1h; S5, planting tobacco seedlings in the prepared well cellar; S6. Continue to use drip irrigation to replenish water after planting tobacco seedlings; S7. After planting, spray pesticides to control underground pests and use fertilizer to promote seedling growth.

2. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, ground film is covered on the chimney ridge, and the ground film is processed at a fixed point. Before building the well cellar in step S3, the ground film is pierced at a spacing of 45-50 cm. When building the cellar in step S3, the cellar is built at a fixed point.

3. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before building the well cellar in step S3, marks are made on the chimney ridges made in step S2 at intervals of 45-50 cm. When building the cellar in step S3, the cellars are built at the marked positions. After step S7 is completed, the chimney ridges are covered with ground film.

4. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the soil moisture is adjusted by drip irrigation, and the soil moisture content of sandy loam reaches 50%-60%, and the soil moisture content of loam reaches 45%-55%.

5. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tobacco seedlings in step S5 are uniform in size, with a stem height of 3 cm-5 cm, 5-6 functional leaves, and the leaves are cut once. The stems are relatively thick and tough, uniform in size, and free from diseases and insect pests.

6. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S5, the planting is carried out when clear water appears in the soil in the well cellar, and after planting, the growth point of the tobacco seedlings is 5 cm-7 cm away from the ground film.

7. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation water replenishment time in step S6 is 1.5-2.5 hours.

8. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps S2, S3 and S4 are combined into one operation, and a transplanter is used to build the cellar and plant the seedlings at one time.

9. The flue-cured tobacco dripping pit transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The well cellar prepared in step S3 has a diameter of 6-8 cm, a depth of 15-20 cm, and a well wall that is neither collapsed nor smooth.

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