A pneumatic assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high efficiency threshing device

Abstract

The application discloses a pneumatic-assisted rape harvesting longitudinal shaft flow high-efficiency threshing device, which comprises a separation concave screen part and a threshing drum part; the threshing drum part comprises a middle shaft, spiral feeding blades and a threshing mechanism, the threshing mechanism comprises multiple groups of threshing assemblies, and two spoke plates arranged at the middle section of the middle shaft; the threshing drum part further comprises multiple radially arranged blades, two ends of each radially arranged blade are connected with the two spoke plates respectively, and the radially arranged blade has a rectangular structure. The application accelerates the separation of threshed materials from the concave screen, improves the spatial distribution uniformity of the threshed materials on the cleaning screen surface, and is beneficial to grain separation. By increasing the air power in the threshing drum, the axial backward air power is introduced in the front section of the threshing system where the threshed materials are easy to be separated and the proportion of the threshed materials is high, the threshed materials are guided to move to the rear end, the distribution proportion of the threshed materials in the front section of the screen surface is reduced, meanwhile, the radial air power is introduced in the middle section of the threshing system, the processing capacity of the threshing device is improved, the threshed materials are accelerated to pass through the concave screen, the fineness of the threshed materials and the proportion of the threshed materials are reduced, and the uniformity of the distribution state of the threshed materials on the left and right of the screen surface is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oilseed rape threshing, in particular to a pneumatic-assisted oilseed rape harvesting longitudinal-axis-flow efficient threshing device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current problem of high loss of oilseed rape machine harvesting is prominent. On the one hand, it is due to the biological characteristics of oilseed rape itself, such as small thousand-grain weight, large grass-grain ratio, poor consistency of oilseed rape maturity, poor machine harvesting operation standardization, etc., leading to high loss during harvesting. On the other hand, the current oilseed rape threshing device is limited in threshing space under the condition of processing large feeding amount, and small seeds are difficult to be separated in a large amount of threshing material, leading to high entrainment loss. The fine and broken threshing material is concentrated on the cleaning screen surface, leading to difficult screening and high cleaning loss.

[0003] The threshing system is the core working component of the oilseed rape combine harvester or pick-up combine harvester equipment. Researchers at home and abroad have made various innovations and parameter optimizations on the structure and working parameters of the threshing system. Innovative structural design schemes such as adjustable concave screen gap and combination of notched bar and tine are proposed. The applicant's prior application CN114631432A also discloses a full-angle threshing and separating device and a threshing method, which uses a full-circle separation method to improve the processing capacity and separation area. However, the existing threshing devices do not have the function of accelerating the separation of threshing material from the concave screen and actively changing the spatial distribution state of the threshing material in the threshing system. Although the scheme of installing fan blades on the rotating central axis of the threshing device is disclosed in patent CN201153408Y, it can only disperse the material to a certain extent, and the improvement effect on the spatial distribution state of the threshing material in the threshing system is limited in actual use. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a pneumatic-assisted oilseed rape harvesting longitudinal-axis-flow efficient threshing device that can accelerate the separation of threshing material from the concave screen of the threshing device and improve the spatial distribution uniformity of the threshing material on the cleaning screen surface, reduce the fineness and proportion of the threshing material, and facilitate grain separation.

[0005] Technical scheme: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the pneumatic-assisted oilseed rape harvesting longitudinal-axis-flow efficient threshing device of the present application comprises a separating concave screen component and a threshing drum component installed in the separating concave screen component. The threshing drum component comprises a central shaft, spiral feeding blades arranged in front of and behind the central shaft in the axial direction, and a threshing mechanism. The threshing mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of threshing assemblies arranged in a circumferential array, and two radial plates arranged at the middle segment of the central shaft, each of which is connected to all the threshing assemblies. The two ends of the threshing assembly are respectively connected to the spiral feeding blades and an end plate.

[0006] The threshing cylinder component further comprises a plurality of radial vanes arranged in a circumferential array, two ends of each of the radial vanes are connected to two of the spoke plates respectively, and the radial vanes are in a rectangular structure. The radial vanes are fixedly installed by means of the spoke plates, so that the radial vanes are located in the middle part of the threshing mechanism, and there is a distance between the two ends of the radial vanes and the two ends of the radial vanes.

[0007] Further, the radial vanes can be disassembled relative to the spoke plates, and the total number and / or size specification of the radial vanes can be changed.

[0008] Further, the radial vanes and the threshing assembly are staggered in the circumferential direction of the central shaft, so that the radial action of the airflow generated by the radial vanes on the material is not affected by the threshing assembly.

[0009] Further, the radial vanes are bending plate structures with creases, and when the central shaft rotates, the radial vanes can better generate radial airflow while being less prone to deformation.

[0010] Further, the central shaft is further provided with axial vanes, and the axial vanes can generate axial airflow when the central shaft rotates.

[0011] Further, the threshing assembly comprises a rod portion, the rod portion is provided with a groove rod threshing element installed in front and a spike threshing element installed at the rear, and the groove rod threshing element extends from the front end of the rod portion to the rear side of the rear spoke plate. During operation, the groove rod threshing element rubs and crushes the rapeseed material, so that the rapeseed material is crushed, and the rapeseed kernels can be separated from the crushed rapeseed straw. The spike threshing element can high-frequency stir and strike the crushed rapeseed material, so as to promote the kernels to be separated from the crushed straw. Since the radial vanes are located at the middle segment of the rod portion, the radial wind generated by the radial vanes can generate airflow that penetrates the crushed material, so as to promote the kernels and part of the crushed material to penetrate the screen, thereby further accelerating the separation of the kernels from the straw and the concave screen, reducing the fineness and proportion of the separated material, improving the penetration rate of the concave screen component in the first half, and improving the separation efficiency of the kernels.

[0012] Further, the separation concave screen component comprises a cylindrical screen body composed of a plurality of arc-shaped screen meshes, and a plurality of grass guide plates are fixedly installed in the cylindrical screen body. The separation concave screen component can actively rotate, and preferably, the rotation directions of the separation concave screen component and the threshing cylinder component are opposite. With the above structure, the separation concave screen component actively rotates and is in a full screen mesh structure. During threshing operation, each arc-shaped screen mesh alternately performs screening operation, so as to avoid screen blocking. When the separation concave screen component rotates, the grass guide plates inside the separation concave screen component act on the material to move the material backward.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] (1) Improved the spatial uniformity of the threshed material on the cleaning screen surface, which is beneficial to grain separation. By increasing the pneumatic force in the threshing drum, axial and backward pneumatic force is introduced in the front section of the threshing system where the proportion of threshed material in the easy-to-thresh section is high, guiding the threshed material to move towards the rear end, reducing the proportion of threshed material in the front section of the screen, and accelerating the separation of threshed material from the concave screen. At the same time, radial pneumatic force is introduced in the middle section of the threshing system to improve the distribution state of the threshed material on the left and right sides of the screen surface.

[0015] (2) Axial and radial wind forces initially separate the straw and grain mixture during the falling process. The straw moves faster under the action of wind, while the grain is less affected by wind due to its small size and heavy weight. Therefore, the separation ability is improved and cleaning is convenient.

[0016] (3) The number of radial blades can be increased or decreased and / or the size of the radial blades can be changed according to the threshing requirements. The wind force can be changed by removing some of the radial wind blades according to the maturity or moisture content of the rapeseed material. The blades are evenly distributed in even numbers and have good dynamic balance.

[0017] (4) The threshing drum component itself can generate axial and radial wind force without the need for additional power input. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 Structural diagram of a pneumatically assisted longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device for rapeseed harvesting;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of the threshing drum assembly.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the threshing drum component;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 CC cross-sectional view;

[0022] Figure 5 Structural diagram of the separation concave sieve component;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the threshing drum component in a preferred embodiment.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Spiral feed blade; 2-Spoke plate; 3-Threshing assembly; 4-End plate; 5-Radial blade; 6-Central shaft; 7-Axial blade; 8-Rod section; 9-Wave rod threshing element; 10-Spiked tooth threshing element; 11-Arc screen; 12-Guide plate; 13-Guide component; 13a-Conical section; 13b-Inclined guide section; A-Separating concave screen component; B-Threshing drum component. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device shown includes a separating concave screen component A and a threshing drum component B installed within the separating concave screen component A; as shown Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the threshing drum component B includes a central shaft 6, and also includes spiral feeding blades 1 arranged in front and behind along the axial direction of the central shaft 6, as well as a threshing mechanism. The threshing mechanism includes multiple sets of threshing assemblies 3 arranged in a circumferential array, and also includes two spokes 2 located at the middle section of the central shaft 6. Each spoke 2 is connected to all the threshing assemblies 3. The two ends of the threshing assemblies 3 are respectively connected to the spiral feeding blades 1 and the end plates 4.

[0027] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the threshing drum component B also includes multiple radial blades 5 arranged in a circumferential array. Each radial blade 5 has two spokes 2 connected to its two ends. The radial blades 5 have a rectangular structure. The radial blades 5 are fixedly installed by means of the spokes 2, so that the radial blades 5 are placed in the middle of the threshing mechanism, and there is a distance between the two ends of the radial blades 5.

[0028] The radial blades 5 can be detached from the spokes 2, and the total number and / or size of the radial blades 5 can be changed. Thus, the number of radial blades 5 and / or the size of the radial blades 5 can be increased or decreased and changed according to threshing requirements. The blades are evenly distributed, resulting in good dynamic balance.

[0029] Furthermore, preferably, the radial blades 5 and the threshing assembly 3 are arranged circumferentially off-center from each other on the central axis 6, so that the threshing assembly 3 does not affect the radial airflow generated by the radial blades 5 acting radially on the material.

[0030] Preferably, the radial blade 5 is a bent plate structure with creases. When the central shaft 6 rotates, the radial blade 5 rotates with it to generate radial airflow better, and the radial blade 5 is not easily deformed.

[0031] An axial blade 7 is also installed on the central shaft 6. The axial blade 7 can generate axial airflow as the central shaft 6 rotates.

[0032] Preferably, the threshing assembly 3 includes a rod 8, on which a textured threshing element 9 is installed at the front and a spiked threshing element 10 is installed at the rear; the textured threshing element 9 extends from the front end of the rod 8 to the rear side of the next spoke 2. During operation, the textured threshing element 9 kneads the rapeseed material, crushing it and allowing the rapeseed grains to separate from the threshed rapeseed. The spiked threshing element 10 performs high-frequency tumbling and impact on the crushed rapeseed material, promoting the separation of the grains from the crushed straw. Since the radial blades 5 are located in the middle section of the rod 8, the radial wind force generated by the radial blades 5 can produce an airflow that passes through the crushed material, promoting the passage of grains and some broken material through the screen. This can improve the screening rate of the first half of the separation concave screen assembly A and improve the separation efficiency of the grains.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, the aforementioned separating concave screen component A includes a cylindrical screen body composed of multiple arc-shaped screens 11. Multiple sets of guide plates 12 are fixed inside the cylindrical screen body. The separating concave screen component A can rotate actively. Preferably, the rotation directions of the separating concave screen component A and the threshing drum component B are opposite. With this structure, the separating concave screen component A rotates actively, and as a full-screen structure, during threshing, each arc-shaped screen 11 performs the screening operation in turn, avoiding screen blockage. When the separating concave screen component A rotates, the guide plates 12 inside act on the material, causing the material to move backward.

[0034] Preferably, such as Figure 6 As shown, in the two spokes 2, the spoke 2 near the axial blade 7 has perforated holes 21 for material to pass through, and a guide component 13 is fixed on the spoke 2. The guide component 13 is fixed on the side of the spoke 2 near the axial blade 7. The guide component 13 has a conical part 13a and a plurality of oblique guide parts 13b circumferentially arrayed and fixed on the conical part 13a. The diameter of the end of the conical part 13a near the axial blade 7 is small. Each oblique guide part 13b is arranged between two adjacent perforated holes 21, and the oblique guide part 13b has an inclined sharp edge. With the above structure, the support of the spokes 2 for the threshing assembly 3 can be ensured, while ensuring that as much material as possible can pass through the perforated holes 21. Since there are no holes on the spokes 2 away from the axial blade 7, the grains blown between the two spokes 2 can be discharged between the two spokes 2.

[0035] The working process of the threshing device of the present invention is as follows: the separating concave screen component A and the threshing drum component B rotate independently. Rapeseed material enters the separating concave screen component A through the spiral feeding blade 1. When the threshing drum component B rotates, the threshing elements 9 and 10 act on the rapeseed material to break it up. Under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, some of the broken rapeseed material falls through the arc-shaped screen 11. When the axial blades 7 rotate with the central shaft 6, they generate axial wind force. During the fall of the rapeseed material, under the action of the axial wind force, it moves towards the rear of the threshing drum component B. Ventilation holes can be provided on the spokes 2 to allow the material to be pushed laterally by the wind force to a greater distance, achieving effective preliminary separation of grains and broken straw.

[0036] Some of the difficult-to-separate or unseparated materials move towards the rear end under the action of the guide plate 12. The radial airflow generated by the rotation of the radial blades 5 acts on the material that reaches the middle of the threshing drum component B. During the falling process, the radial wind force blows the material towards the radial direction of the threshing drum component B. During the falling process, the material is relatively evenly distributed in the radial direction of the drum, which is conducive to the cleaning system located on the lower side of the separating concave screen component A to play a cleaning role and reduce the difficulty of cleaning the material.

[0037] Axial and radial wind forces initially separate the straw and grain mixture during the falling process. The straw moves faster under the action of wind, while the grains are less affected by the wind due to their small size and heavy weight. This improves the separation ability and facilitates cleaning.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatically assisted axial flow high-efficiency threshing device for rapeseed harvesting, comprising a separating concave sieve component (A) and a threshing drum component (B) installed within the separating concave sieve component (A); the threshing drum component (B) comprises a central shaft (6), and further comprises spiral feeding blades (1) arranged axially in front and behind on the central shaft (6) and a threshing mechanism, the threshing mechanism comprising multiple sets of threshing components (3) arranged in a circumferential array, and further comprising two spokes (2) disposed at the middle section of the central shaft (6); characterized in that: The threshing drum component (B) also includes a plurality of radial blades (5) arranged in a circumferential array. Each radial blade (5) is connected to two spokes (2) at both ends. The radial blades (5) are rectangular in structure. The threshing assembly (3) includes a rod (8), and the radial blade (5) is located in the middle section of the rod (8); the radial blade (5) is installed at the edge of the spoke (2), and there is a gap between the inner edge of the radial blade (5) and the central axis (6); The radial airflow generated by the rotation of the radial blades (5) acts on the material that reaches the middle of the threshing drum assembly (B). During the falling process, the radial wind force blows the material radially toward the threshing drum assembly (B).

2. The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial blades (5) can be detached from the spokes (2), and the total number and / or size of the radial blades (5) can be changed.

3. The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial blades (5) and the threshing assembly (3) are arranged circumferentially off-center from each other on the central axis (6).

4. The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial blade (5) is a bent plate structure with creases.

5. The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An axial blade (7) is also installed on the central shaft (6), and the axial blade (7) can generate axial airflow as the central shaft (6) rotates.

6. The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rod (8) has a front-mounted threshing element (9) and a rear-mounted threshing element (10); the threshing element (9) extends from the front end of the rod (8) to the rear side of the next spoke (2).

7. The pneumatically assisted rapeseed harvesting longitudinal axial flow high-efficiency threshing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separating concave sieve component (A) includes a cylindrical sieve body composed of multiple arc-shaped sieves (11), and multiple sets of guide plates (12) are fixed inside the cylindrical sieve body. The separating concave sieve component (A) can rotate actively.

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