Prevention and control method for post-tobacco no-tillage interplanting fresh pea root rot

Abstract

The invention provides a prevention and control method for post-tobacco no-tillage interplanting fresh pea root rot, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation. The prevention and control method comprises the following steps: S1, soil pathogen detection and analysis; s2, detecting and analyzing physical and chemical indexes of soil; s3, soil improvement is conducted according to the detected and analyzed soil pathogen type and physicochemical index conditions; s4, planting flue-cured tobacco; s5, when only top leaves of the flue-cured tobacco remain, digging shallow ditches to plant fresh peas; in the step S4, soil pretreatment is carried out before flue-cured tobacco is planted; in the step S5, seed coating treatment is carried out before the fresh peas are sown; after the fresh peas are sown, seedling stage treatment, flowering stage treatment and early disease stage treatment are performed. According to the system, a soil management scheme is designed, prevention and control of root rot of autumn peas of succeeding crops are moved forwards to the front end of tobacco planting, and then the disease resistance of the whole production system is improved through time-dependent and land-dependent auxiliary cultivation measures of all cultivation links.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling root rot of fresh peas by post-smoking no-till interplanting. Background Art

[0002] Interplanting leguminous crops after tobacco planting is a traditional agricultural production method widely used in rural areas of my country. Especially after tobacco planting, using the land resources of tobacco fields to interplant leguminous crops not only improves the efficiency of land use, but also has multiple benefits of improving soil fertility and increasing economic benefits.

[0003] The current model of intercropping autumn peas after tobacco focuses more on improving economic benefits. With the standardization of cultivation and management models, relatively unified management methods, fertilization methods, and long-term single rotation models, coupled with the influence of rain and heat in the same season, have caused seedling death from the time autumn peas are intercropped after tobacco to the initial podding stage, affecting the actual production problems of autumn pea yield and quality. The prevention and control of diseases and pests of autumn peas has become increasingly difficult, especially root rot, which has a devastating impact on the production of autumn peas and seriously restricted the benefits of this industrial model.

[0004] Through systematic investigation and research, it was found that the main cause of quality decline and seedling death was the rot of the base of the pea stem in the late stage. After pathogen analysis, it was found that the cause of the rot of the base of the stem was infection by pathogens, which was often caused by infection by a variety of Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, Oomycetes and bacteria. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling root rot of fresh peas in no-till intercropping after tobacco production. The method solves the restriction of promoting the model of disease suppression, and formulates a full-process system control method starting from the flue-cured tobacco production end, including soil health management such as soil conditioners and organic fertilizer application and precise application of pathogenic bacteria agents at different stages, in order to obtain effective prevention and control measures for autumn pea root rot.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling root rot of fresh peas by post-smoking no-till interplanting, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Soil pathogen detection and analysis;

[0009] S2. Detection and analysis of soil physical and chemical indicators;

[0010] S3. Improve the soil according to the types of soil pathogens and physical and chemical indicators detected and analyzed;

[0011] S4. Planting flue-cured tobacco;

[0012] S5. When only the top leaves are left of the flue-cured tobacco, dig shallow trenches to plant edible peas;

[0013] In S4, soil pretreatment is performed before planting flue-cured tobacco;

[0014] In S5, seed coating treatment is performed before sowing fresh peas;

[0015] After sowing fresh peas, treatments are carried out at the seedling stage, flowering stage, and early stage of disease.

[0016] Preferably, the soil pathogen detection and analysis of S1 includes pathogen morphological analysis, pathogen molecular biology detection, pathogen antagonistic strain detection, and indoor toxicity determination of pesticides against pathogens.

[0017] The pathogens include Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium equisetum, oomycetes and the like.

[0018] Preferably, the soil physical and chemical index detection and analysis of S2 includes soil pH, bulk density, field water holding capacity, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, effective N, available P, and available K.

[0019] Preferably, the improvement method of S3 is: killing pathogens, improving soil permeability, regulating soil pH, balancing soil nutrients, increasing soil organic matter, and increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.

[0020] Preferably, the S4 soil pre-treatment method is:

[0021] After trenching, apply soil treatment agent and mix with soil and then cover with a thin layer of soil;

[0022] The soil treatment agent is one or more of an acidified soil conditioner, a functional microbial agent for promoting growth and inhibiting diseases, and a biological organic fertilizer; the pH value of the acidified soil conditioner is 7.0-11.0.

[0023] Preferably, the seed coating agent used for the S4 seed coating treatment can be selected based on the results of indoor toxicity tests of pesticides against pathogens, and the seed coating agent is a benzoyl·myclobutanil suspension seed coating agent, azotocin·fluanidazole suspension seed coating agent or fenpropimorph suspension seed coating agent.

[0024] Preferably, the S5 seedling treatment is specifically as follows: after the seedlings have emerged neatly, microbial agents and adjuvants for promoting plant growth and absorption are applied; when the pea seedlings grow to 15-20 cm, the microbial agents and adjuvants are applied for a second time.

[0025] Preferably, the microbial agent is a subtilis spore microbial agent, a Trichoderma harzianum microbial agent, an N24 Bacillus agent, a Bacillus licheniformis agent, a K01 Bacillus Velezii agent, etc.; the auxiliary agent for promoting plant growth and absorption is α-naphthylacetic acid, brassinolide, and a microbial awakening agent.

[0026] Preferably, the S5 flowering period treatment is specifically: applying a plant nutrient absorption promoter in the early stage of flowering; the plant nutrient absorption promoter is one or more of gibberellins, ethephon, Aspergillus niger, mycorrhizal fungi, silicate bacteria or photosynthetic bacteria.

[0027] Preferably, the S5 early stage treatment is as follows: in the early stage of root rot, root irrigation or spraying is performed using a benzoyl-pyraclostrobin suspension, a chlordoxim-methyl suspension or carbendazim-methyl depending on the severity of the disease, and the number of times and intervals of application are determined based on the disease index and the severity of the disease.

[0028] Contains at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] The present invention finds that the key to the occurrence of root rot of fresh peas interplanted after tobacco is in the soil. The occurrence of soil-borne diseases is often a systemic degeneration. A single change of a certain measure often results in poor control effects. The key point of the present invention is to systematically design a soil management plan, move the root rot control of autumn peas, the subsequent crop, to the front end of tobacco planting, and then use farming measures according to time and place in each farming link to systematically solve the soil replanting problem caused by no-tillage and less-tillage, improve the disease resistance of the entire production system, and give play to the priority of the model system. The present invention has high targeting accuracy. Before formulating a system plan, the types of pathogens in the region are accurately determined, the dynamics of pathogen field occurrence and the key causes of disease occurrence are analyzed, the key period and key factors are accurately identified, and the effect of system prevention and control of diseases is improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0032] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to the implementation modes, not every implementation mode includes only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art. These other implementation modes are also covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] It should also be understood that the specific embodiments described above are only used to explain the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention / invention.

[0034] Example

[0035] The experiment was conducted in Qiansuo Village, Yunnanyi Town, Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province;

[0036] Experimental point location: E 100.74520579, N 25.40713114.

[0037] The pea varieties grown in the area are longevity kernel sweet snap peas;

[0038] The production situation is as follows: the area began to plant autumn peas after tobacco in 2010, rotated corn in 2014, 2016, and 2018, and planted flue-cured tobacco in the remaining years, all of which were intercropped with autumn peas. Pea root rot continued to occur, with an average incidence of 10.8%. After 2018, due to good economic benefits, farmers continued to plant in this mode. In 2020, the incidence of autumn pea root rot reached 25.4%. In 2021, farmers continued to plant after plowing and sun-cutting, and the disease incidence was still 24.7%. In 2022, driven by the dual interests of economic benefits and flue-cured tobacco planting, farmers planted autumn peas after planting flue-cured tobacco, and the incidence of root rot rose to 60.5%-70.2%, resulting in serious yield and economic losses. Field trials were conducted on the plot in 20232, and pathogen samples and soil samples were collected from the same field in 2022.

[0039] S1. Soil pathogen detection and analysis;

[0040] The pathogens were identified by morphology and molecular biology, including Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Fusarium equisetum. Indoor toxicological analysis was carried out, and microbial agents with good antagonistic effects on the pathogens were screened out: Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, as well as the pesticides benzoyl·pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil·mexamethylenetetracycline and mexamethylenetetracycline, with the highest inhibition rates reaching 92.33%, 85.75% and 75.56% respectively.

[0041] Based on the results of pathogen detection and analysis, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were selected as microbial agents, and benzoyl-pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil-methylenediamine were selected as drugs.

[0042] S2. Detection and analysis of soil physical and chemical indicators;

[0043] In the experimental field, an "S"-shaped route was adopted to collect surface soil samples from multiple points and mix them evenly. The basic physical and chemical properties were measured. The soil bulk density and field water holding capacity were measured by the ring knife method. The specific conditions were: pH 5.67, bulk density 1.38g / cm 3 , organic matter 37.7g / kg, total nitrogen 2.95g / kg, hydrolyzable nitrogen 81mg / kg, available phosphorus 47.4mg / kg, fast-acting potassium 365mg / kg, slow-acting potassium 585mg / kg, available zinc 6.87mg / kg, available manganese 26.6mg / kg, available boron 0.91mg / kg, available sulfur 275mg / kg, exchangeable calcium 8339mg / kg, exchangeable magnesium 568mg / kg, water-soluble salt 2.16g / kg.

[0044] S3. Improve the soil according to the types of soil pathogens and physical and chemical indicators detected and analyzed;

[0045] According to the detection indicators and the rules of crop nutrient fertilizer requirements, the soil pH is acidic, the bulk density is high, the soil permeability is poor, the organic matter content is low, and other nutrients are unbalanced. Based on this, soil conditioners are selected to adjust the soil pH and organic fertilizers with high organic matter content are increased. In terms of nutrient input, organic and inorganic combinations are selected to achieve balanced nutrient management, and microbial agents are added to promote crop growth and facilitate crop nutrient absorption.

[0046] Soil improvement methods for the test plots: (1) Select the acidic soil conditioner of Genliduo Company, the pH of the conditioner is 8.5-9.0, and the recommended dosage is 400kg / mu. (2) Increase the application of organic fertilizer and reduce the amount of inorganic fertilizer with the same amount of N; (3) Increase the use of beneficial microbial agents such as Bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, and actinomycetes, and use the recommended dosage per mu. After spreading the soil conditioner, organic fertilizer, and microbial agent on the soil surface, use a rotary tiller to fully mix the soil conditioner and soil before planting flue-cured tobacco.

[0047] S4 grows flue-cured tobacco;

[0048] After the soil is treated, it is planted according to the farmers’ conventional planting methods;

[0049] S4. Planting edible peas after harvesting flue-cured tobacco;

[0050] The sowing time is when there are 2-3 top leaves left in the flue-cured tobacco.

[0051] Before sowing, soak the seeds of the preferred longevity kernel pea variety with a 0.05% solution of the fine-A fludioxonil seed coating agent for pretreatment, and after treatment, pick up the seeds, drain and set aside;

[0052] After the seedlings have emerged in an orderly manner, apply subtilis spore microbial agents (effective bacteria ≥ 20 billion / g) and indoleacetic acid; when the pea seedlings grow to 15-20cm, apply microbial agents and adjuvants for the second time.

[0053] In the early stage of flowering, apply crops nutrient absorption promoters such as Xirang, Plant Mother, and active microbial powder with growth-promoting function.

[0054] In the early stage of root rot, use benzoyl·pyraclostrobin suspension, azoxystrobin·fluanid suspension or carbendazim for root irrigation depending on the severity of the disease, apply them alternately, and pay attention to the interval between the applications.

[0055] 1. Through the observation records and statistical analysis of the production problem control test of autumn peas planted after tobacco in 2022 and 2023, the prevention effect of soil treatment before tobacco + seed dressing treatment before pea sowing + precise drug use from seedling stage to flowering stage on pea root rot was 85.49%. The same field test proved that compared with the conventional treatment of farmers (conventional application of the same amount of fertilizer N, no soil treatment before tobacco, and only drug use based on symptoms when the disease occurs), the incidence rate was reduced by 70% (the incidence rate of farmers' conventional treatment was 85.75%, and the incidence rate of the best plot of experimental treatment was 15.75%), the prevention and control effect was significant, and the seedling death rate was also reduced from 78.5% of farmers' conventional management to 14.5%.

[0056] Judging from the results of flue-cured tobacco yield and output value and autumn pea yield and output value, full-process control of production issues of autumn peas intercropped after tobacco is conducive to improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco and effectively preventing and controlling pea root rot.

[0057] 2. Through the demonstration technology verification of 300 acres of greenhouse spring peas (clean seeds), 210 acres of greenhouse autumn peas (clean seeds) and 300 acres of open-field autumn peas (clean seeds) in 2024, the use of soil treatment + seed dressing treatment + precise use of pesticides from seedling stage to flowering stage can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of pea root rot, and the incidence rate of bacteria in the field is controlled below 18%.

[0058] 3. Through the demonstration of interplanting autumn peas after 100 acres of tobacco in Lao Zhangying Village in 2024, the technology adopted pre-peat soil treatment + seed mixing treatment + precise pesticide use from seedling stage to flowering stage. The disease incidence rate in the demonstration area was controlled below 16.5%, verifying that the technology has relatively reliable and stable prevention effect.

[0059] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling root rot of fresh peas by no-till interplanting after tobacco smoking, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Soil pathogen detection and analysis; S2. Detection and analysis of soil physical and chemical indicators; S3. Improve the soil according to the types of soil pathogens and physical and chemical indicators detected and analyzed; S4. Planting flue-cured tobacco; S5. When only the top leaves are left of the flue-cured tobacco, dig shallow trenches to plant edible peas; In S4, soil pretreatment is performed before planting flue-cured tobacco; In S5, seed coating treatment is performed before sowing fresh peas; After sowing fresh peas, treatments are carried out at the seedling stage, flowering stage, and early stage of disease.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil pathogen detection and analysis of S1 includes pathogen morphological analysis, pathogen molecular biological detection, pathogen antagonistic strain detection, and indoor toxicity determination of pesticides against pathogens; The pathogens include Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium equisetum, oomycetes and the like.

3. The prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil physical and chemical index detection and analysis of S2 includes soil pH, bulk density, field water holding capacity, organic matter, total N, total P, total K, effective N, available P, and available K.

4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improvement method of S3 is: killing pathogens, improving soil permeability, regulating soil pH, balancing soil nutrients, increasing soil organic matter, and increasing the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.

5. The prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 soil pre-treatment method is: After trenching, apply soil treatment agent and mix with soil and then cover with a thin layer of soil; The soil treatment agent is one or more of an acidified soil conditioner, a functional microbial agent for promoting growth and inhibiting diseases, and a biological organic fertilizer; the pH value of the acidified soil conditioner is 7.0-11.

0.

6. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed coating agent used for the S4 seed coating treatment can be selected based on the indoor toxicity test results of the pesticides against pathogens; the seed coating agent is azoxystrobin-methyl suspension seed coating agent, fludioxonil-methyl suspension seed coating agent or difenoconazole suspension seed coating agent.

7. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 seedling treatment is specifically as follows: after the seedlings have emerged in an orderly manner, microbial agents and adjuvants for promoting plant growth and absorption are applied; when the pea seedlings grow to 15-20 cm, the microbial agents and adjuvants are applied for the second time.

8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The microbial agent is a subtilis spore microbial agent, a Trichoderma harzianum microbial agent, an N24 Bacillus agent, a Bacillus licheniformis agent, a K01 Bacillus Velezii agent, etc.; the auxiliary agent for promoting plant growth and absorption is α-naphthylacetic acid, brassinolide, and a microbial awakening agent.

9. The prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 flowering period treatment specifically includes: applying a plant nutrient absorption promoter in the early stage of flowering; the plant nutrient absorption promoter is one or more of gibberellins, ethephon, Aspergillus niger, mycorrhizal fungi, silicate bacteria or photosynthetic bacteria.

10. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 early stage treatment is specifically as follows: in the early stage of root rot, use benzoyl·pyraclostrobin suspension, chlordoxaban-methyl·fluanid suspension or carbendazim for root irrigation or spraying depending on the severity of the disease, and determine the number of times and intervals of application based on the disease index and disease severity.