A handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter

Abstract

This invention discloses a handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter, relating to the field of laser welding technology. It includes a nozzle fixed to the tip of a laser welding gun, a flow guide head fixed inside the nozzle for diverting the shielding gas, multiple flow diversion plates distributed circumferentially around the nozzle, and a flow regulating assembly fitted outside the nozzle. The flow regulating assembly includes a flow guide shroud fitted onto the nozzle, which moves along the nozzle axis. The shielding gas is diverted by the flow guide head, and after diversion, the shielding gas is blown towards the lower end of the nozzle through a flow regulating channel formed between the nozzle and the flow guide shroud. This solves the problem of high-temperature metal particles continuously contacting the nozzle's outer wall, causing a complex reaction between the high-temperature metal particles and oxygen in areas not covered by the shielding gas, forming a corrosive metal oxide deposit layer. This leads to oxidation and peeling of the nozzle's outer wall material and the propagation of thermal stress cracks, resulting in a shortened nozzle lifespan.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser welding technology, and in particular to a handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter. Background Technology

[0002] Laser welding equipment requires a continuous supply of inert shielding gas to the welding torch during operation. Its core function is to isolate the welding area from air and simultaneously remove metal vapors to protect the focusing lens from contamination. However, traditional welding torch gas delivery systems have structural flaws: the shielding gas is primarily ejected directly outward through the nozzle's internal channels. This unidirectional flow pattern fails to effectively suppress condensed molten metal vapors and liquid droplets sputtering from the weld pool during welding. During dynamic welding, the spattered high-temperature metal particles continuously contact the nozzle's outer wall. These particles react with oxygen in areas not covered by the shielding gas, forming a corrosive metal oxide deposit. This leads to oxidation and spalling of the nozzle's outer wall material, as well as the propagation of thermal stress cracks, ultimately reducing the nozzle assembly's lifespan by 30% to 50%. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem that high-temperature metal particles continuously contact the nozzle outer wall, causing a complex reaction between the high-temperature metal particles and oxygen in areas not covered by the protective gas, forming a corrosive metal oxide deposit layer. This leads to oxidation and peeling of the nozzle outer wall material and the propagation of thermal stress cracks, resulting in a shortened service life of the nozzle assembly. Therefore, this invention proposes a handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technology: a handheld laser welding machine for preventing metal spatter, comprising a nozzle fixed on the nozzle tip of a laser welding gun, a flow guide head for diverting the shielding gas fixed inside the nozzle, multiple flow diversion plates distributed in a ring around the nozzle, and a flow regulating assembly sleeved on the outside of the nozzle, the flow regulating assembly including a flow guide cover sleeved on the nozzle, the flow guide cover moving along the nozzle axis;

[0005] The protective gas is split by the guide head. After splitting, the protective gas is blown to the lower end of the nozzle through the flow regulating channel formed between the nozzle and the guide shroud. The protective gas in the flow regulating channel is redirected by the diverting plate and forms a spiral airflow. The protective gas after being redirected by the diverting plate forms an airflow protection shroud for the lower end of the nozzle.

[0006] The flow guide shroud moves along the nozzle to adjust the opening size of the flow regulating channel, and the flow rate of the spiral airflow is adjusted through the opening of the flow regulating channel.

[0007] As a further description of the above-mentioned anti-metal spatter handheld laser welding machine: the nozzle includes a connector and a spray head, and the guide head is fixed to the upper end of the spray head;

[0008] The main airflow channel is formed between the lower flared end of the guide head and the connector head;

[0009] The lower ends of the guide head and the connector are fixed by multiple first connecting plates;

[0010] The outer wall of the nozzle has multiple receiving slots arranged in a ring. The diverter plate is slidably inserted into the receiving slots. Multiple springs are fixed between the inner edge of the diverter plate and the receiving slots.

[0011] The storage slot is an inclined slot that is tilted in the same direction.

[0012] As a further description of the handheld laser welding machine for preventing metal spatter mentioned above: the upper end of the flow guide is fixed with a first internal threaded tube that is threadedly connected to the connector, and both the flow guide and the spray head are inverted frustum-shaped structures.

[0013] As a further description of the above-mentioned anti-metal spatter handheld laser welding machine: the nozzle is fitted with a protective gas guide hood, which includes an upper guide hood and a lower guide hood;

[0014] The upper end of the flow guide is coaxially fixed with a flow guide tube, and a secondary flow channel is formed between the flow guide tube and the stepped groove opened at the lower end of the first internal threaded tube.

[0015] A parasol-flow air passage is formed between the upper and lower hoods, which communicates with the secondary diversion air passage, and the opening of the parasol-flow air passage faces the nozzle.

[0016] The upper edge of the guide tube is fixed to the first internally threaded tube by multiple connecting rods.

[0017] As a further description of the aforementioned anti-metal-splash handheld laser welding machine: the upper and lower drain covers are fixed together by multiple second connecting plates;

[0018] The upper end of the upper drainage hood is coaxially fixed with a second internal threaded tube that is threadedly connected to the lower end of the external threaded part of the first internal threaded tube, and the lower drainage hood is coaxially fixed with an airway shielding tube sleeved on the guide tube.

[0019] The second internal threaded tube is spirally adjusted along the external thread to drive the air passage blocking tube to rise and fall. The secondary diversion air passage blocks the airflow outlet side through the air passage blocking tube to adjust the opening size.

[0020] As a further description of the handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter as described above: a positioning flange is coaxially fixed at the lower end of the guide tube.

[0021] As a further description of the handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter as described above: the guide head has a frustum-shaped structure.

[0022] As a further description of the aforementioned anti-metal spatter handheld laser welding machine: the upper inner wall cross-section of the stepped groove is arc-shaped, and the upper end of the spray head is a frustoconical structure.

[0023] As a further description of the handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter as described above: the outer surface of the nozzle is parallel to the inner surface of the shroud.

[0024] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention, which employs the aforementioned technology to prevent metal spatter in a handheld laser welding machine, are as follows:

[0025] 1. This application uses a flow guide to divert the protective gas, and a flow deflector to guide the gas to form a downward spiral airflow. The high-speed airflow at the lower end of the nozzle and the spiral airflow form a pressure gradient, driving the low-speed spiral airflow to flow towards the high-speed region, thus achieving dynamic gas replenishment. The interaction between the spiral airflow and the high-speed airflow increases the diffusion range of the protective gas, which can completely block the lower end of the nozzle. The airflow barrier isolates high-temperature metal particles, reducing the probability of contact between the nozzle and the particles. Furthermore, the velocity difference induces airflow self-compensation, breaking through the limitations of traditional single flow field protection, achieving all-round dynamic protection of the nozzle, and providing comprehensive protection for the lower end of the nozzle through the spiral airflow. This increases the coverage area of ​​the nozzle by the protective gas, reduces the complex reaction that occurs when high-temperature metal particles come into contact with the nozzle, and improves the service life of the nozzle.

[0026] 2. By adjusting the flow guide along the nozzle, the distance between the flow guide and the nozzle is changed, thereby adjusting the opening size of the flow regulating channel. The flow rate of the spiral airflow is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the flow regulating channel, thereby allowing the protective gas to achieve the optimal blowing speed.

[0027] 3. The main diversion duct introduces a portion of the gas into the secondary diversion duct, which is then guided by the umbrella-shaped airflow duct to form an umbrella-shaped airflow that directionally covers the nozzle area. The spiral airflow and the airflow at the nozzle tip form a composite flow field, compressing the movement range of metal particles. The umbrella-shaped airflow forms a covering barrier, confining the particles within the airflow field. By adjusting the size of the outlet opening of the secondary diversion duct through the airflow shielding pipe, the outlet velocity of the umbrella-shaped airflow can be linearly adjusted to adapt to different welding conditions. Ultimately, the multi-stage airflow synergy improves the airflow control accuracy, and the adjustable airflow design enhances process adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the nozzle, flow regulating assembly, and protective gas guide shroud provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 3 The present invention provides an embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the protective gas diversion state structure provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 5 The present invention provides an embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0033] Figure 6 The present invention provides an embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 Explosion structure diagram;

[0034] Figure 7 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a flow regulating component provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the protective gas drainage hood provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Legend:

[0037] 10. Laser welding gun;

[0038] 20. Nozzle; 21. Connector; 211. Air hole; 212. Main air distribution channel; 22. Injector head; 221. Collection slot; 23. Guide head; 231. First connecting plate;

[0039] 30. Flow regulating assembly; 31. Diverter plate; 32. Spring; 33. Flow guide; 331. Flow guide tube; 332. Positioning flange; 34. Flow regulating passage; 35. First internal threaded tube; 351. External threaded part; 352. Stepped groove; 353. Secondary flow splitting passage; 36. Connecting rod;

[0040] 40. Protective gas hood; 41. Upper hood; 411. Umbrella-shaped air duct; 42. Lower hood; 421. Second connecting plate; 43. Air duct shielding tube; 44. Second internal threaded tube. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The following will describe in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, a handheld laser welding machine with anti-metal spatter technology. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] like Figure 1 - Figure 8 As shown, the present invention provides a handheld laser welding machine for preventing metal spatter, including a nozzle 20 fixed on the nozzle of a laser welding gun 10. Shielding gas enters through the air hole 211 of the nozzle 20 and enters the guide head 23 fixed inside it. The guide head 23 divides the shielding gas, and a portion of it is blown directly onto the surface of the molten pool through the lower end of the air hole 211. The surface of the molten pool is deeply depressed by the side-blown shielding gas jet, and the fluctuation of the molten pool is suppressed. At the same time, the keyhole opening is enlarged, and the molten metal flows backward from the bottom of the keyhole to the surface of the molten pool. When it impacts the molten pool upward, it is suppressed, which achieves the purpose of suppressing spatter.

[0043] Meanwhile, another part of the gas is diverted by the guide head 23 and then redirected by multiple diversion plates 31 distributed in a ring around the nozzle 20, forming a downward spiral airflow. A flow regulating component 30 is fitted on the outside of the nozzle 20. The flow regulating component 30 includes a guide shroud 33 fitted on the nozzle 20. By moving the guide shroud 33 along the axial direction of the nozzle 20, the diameter of the flow regulating channel 34 between the guide shroud 33 and the guide head 23 is changed, thereby adjusting the opening size of the flow regulating channel 34 and ultimately adjusting the spiral airflow velocity.

[0044] Another portion of the protective gas is diverted by the guide head 23. The diverted protective gas is blown towards the lower end of the nozzle 20 through the flow regulating channel 34 formed between the nozzle 20 and the guide shroud 33. The protective gas in the flow regulating channel 34 is redirected by the diversion plate 31 and forms a spiral airflow. The spiral airflow surrounds the lower end of the nozzle 20. The protective gas after being redirected by the diversion plate 31 forms an airflow protection shroud for the lower end of the nozzle 20. When the airflow velocity at the lower end of the nozzle 20 is greater than the velocity of the spiral airflow, under the action of air pressure, part of the low-speed spiral airflow will flow towards the high-speed airflow. Thus, the spiral airflow provides comprehensive protection for the lower end of the nozzle 20, increases the coverage area of ​​the protective gas on the nozzle 20, and reduces the complex reaction that occurs when high-temperature metal particles come into contact with the nozzle 20.

[0045] When the protective gas blowing from nozzle 20 to the molten pool is misaligned, it will also lead to an increase in spatter. At this time, some of the spattered metal particles will be affected by the centrifugal force of the spiral airflow. Figure 4As shown in Figure F, a lateral force is generated to prevent splashed metal particles from directly splashing to the lower end of nozzle 20.

[0046] When metal particles splash along the direction of the spiral airflow, the negative pressure of the spiral airflow attracts the metal particles, allowing them to move around the spiral airflow and preventing them from splashing outwards.

[0047] When the metal particles rotate in the opposite direction to the spiral airflow, the reverse spiral airflow will generate an impact force in the opposite direction to the metal particles, which will suppress the splashing speed of the metal particles. After the splashing speed of the metal particles is reduced, the splashing range of the metal particles can be effectively controlled, avoiding large-scale splashing.

[0048] Furthermore, as the metal particles splash upwards, the spiraling downward airflow also generates a force that presses the metal particles downwards (such as...). Figure 4 As shown in the figure (Y), the downward spiral airflow can both suppress the splashing metal particles downwards and form a protective gas layer at the lower end of the nozzle 20 to protect the airflow.

[0049] By adjusting the flow guide 33 along the nozzle 20, the distance between the flow guide 33 and the nozzle 20 is changed, thereby adjusting the opening size of the flow regulating channel 34. The flow rate of the spiral airflow is adjusted by the opening of the flow regulating channel 34, and thus the protective gas can achieve the optimal blowing speed.

[0050] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the nozzle 20 includes a connector 21 and an injection head 22, and a guide head 23 is fixed to the upper end of the injection head 22;

[0051] The lower ends of the guide head 23 and the connector 21 are fixed by multiple first connecting plates 231, so that a main diversion air passage 212 is formed between the lower flared ends of the guide head 23 and the connector 21. The protective gas is diverted through the air hole 211 in the connector 21 and the guide head 23, so that part of the protective gas flows into the nozzle 22 along the air hole 211 and is then sprayed out from the lower end of the nozzle 22. The other part of the protective gas is diverted to the outside of the nozzle 20 through the main diversion air passage 212 and guided by the guide cover 33, so that the other part of the protective gas protects the nozzle 22.

[0052] like Figure 5 , Figure 5As shown, the outer wall of the nozzle 22 has multiple receiving grooves 221 distributed in a ring, and the receiving grooves 221 are inclined grooves in the same direction. The diversion plate 31 is slidably inserted in the receiving groove 221. When the protective airflow enters the main diversion air passage 212 and contacts the diversion plate 31 which is arranged in a ring and inclined, the airflow direction is affected by the tilt angle of the plate surface. Its flow momentum is decomposed into an axial component (along the direction of the nozzle 20) and a tangential component (perpendicular to the axial direction). The tangential velocity component directly causes the airflow to rotate, forming a spiral airflow.

[0053] Multiple springs 32 are fixed between the inner edge of the diverter plate 31 and the storage groove 221. The outer edge of the diverter plate 31 is adapted to fit the inner surface of the flow guide shroud 33, and the diverter plate 31 is placed inside the flow guide shroud 33. Therefore, under the elastic rebound of the springs 32, the diverter plate 31 can always be pressed against the inner wall of the flow guide shroud 33.

[0054] Furthermore, when the deflector 33 moves upward, it presses the diverter plate 31 into the receiving groove 221. The spring 32 elastically contracts to generate an elastic rebound force, which is then placed inside the deflector 33 by the diverter plate 31. This allows for direct diversion of the airflow in the flow regulating channel 34, avoiding the problem of uneven airflow distribution that would occur if the deflector plate 31 were placed on the outside. At the same time, the contraction of the diverter plate 31 within the receiving groove 221 prevents interference with the up-and-down movement of the deflector 33.

[0055] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the first internally threaded tube 35, which is fixed to the upper end of the flow guide 33 and threadedly connected to the connector 21, is rotated. Under the action of the thread, the first internally threaded tube 35 drives the flow guide 33 to move along the axis of the connector 21. Since both the flow guide 33 and the injection head 22 are inverted frustum-shaped structures, when the flow guide 33 slides up and down (axial relative movement), the contact point of the lower edge of the flow guide 33 moves to different diameter positions along the generatrix of the cone surface. If the flow guide 33 moves upward, the contact point moves closer to the larger diameter end, causing the radius difference between the flow guide 33 and the injection head 22 to decrease, and the flow regulating channel 34 to narrow. Conversely, it expands.

[0056] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, a protective gas guide hood 40 is fitted on the nozzle 22. The protective gas guide hood 40 includes an upper guide hood 41 and a lower guide hood 42. Both the upper guide hood 41 and the lower guide hood 42 are tubular structures that are wider at the bottom and narrower at the top.

[0057] The upper end of the flow guide 33 is coaxially fixed with a flow guide tube 331. The upper edge of the flow guide tube 331 is fixed to the first internal thread tube 35 by multiple annularly distributed connecting rods 36 to fix the flow guide 33 to the first internal thread tube 35. At the same time, a secondary flow channel 353 is formed between the flow guide tube 331 and the stepped groove 352 opened at the lower end of the first internal thread tube 35. The secondary flow channel 353 is connected to the main flow channel 212.

[0058] A canopy flow channel 411 is formed between the upper hood 41 and the lower hood 42, which communicates with the secondary diversion channel 353. The opening of the canopy flow channel 411 faces the nozzle 22. Part of the protective gas in the air hole 211 is diverted to the secondary diversion channel 353 through the main diversion channel 212, and then guided through the canopy flow channel 411, so that the protective gas is sprayed toward the nozzle 22 in an umbrella shape. After being suppressed by the spiral airflow and the airflow at the nozzle 22, the splashed metal particles are protected by the umbrella-shaped protective gas airflow, so that the splashed metal particles can be effectively controlled within the formed umbrella-shaped airflow area, thereby increasing the anti-splash effect of metal particles.

[0059] like Figure 8 As shown, the upper drainage hood 41 and the lower drainage hood 42 are fixed together by multiple annularly distributed second connecting plates 421, thereby realizing the synchronous movement of the two drainage hoods along the axial direction of the nozzle 20.

[0060] like Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown, the upper end of the upper shroud 41 is coaxially fixed with a second internal threaded tube 44 that is threadedly connected to the lower end of the external threaded part 351 of the first internal threaded tube 35. The lower shroud 42 is coaxially fixed with an air passage blocking tube 43 sleeved on the guide tube 331. Therefore, when the second internal threaded tube 44 is rotated counterclockwise, the upper shroud 41 and the lower shroud 42 are lifted upward under the action of the threads of the second internal threaded tube 44 and the external threaded part 351. The air inlet end of the umbrella flow air passage 411 is gradually blocked by the outer wall of the connector 21. At the same time, the air passage blocking tube 43 blocks the outlet side of the secondary flow air passage 353 to adjust the opening size of the secondary flow air passage 353, thereby adjusting the outlet airflow velocity of the umbrella flow air passage 411 so that the umbrella flow air passage 411 does not affect the air volume in the flow regulating air passage 34 when the airflow is ejected.

[0061] Conversely, when the second internal threaded tube 44 is rotated clockwise, the upper drain cover 41 and the lower drain cover 42 descend, and the air inlet of the umbrella flow airway 411 and the air outlet of the secondary diversion airway 353 gradually overlap and become larger, increasing the air volume of the umbrella flow airway 411.

[0062] Furthermore, the axial length of the airway blocking tube 43 is greater than the outlet width of the secondary diversion airway 353. Therefore, the airway blocking tube 43 can completely seal the secondary diversion airway 353, thereby ensuring the gas flow rate of the regulating airway 34 and the air orifice 211 of the injector 22 when the gas flow rate is low.

[0063] Ultimately, the opening size of the secondary diversion airway 353 is adjusted by spiral adjustment along the external thread section 351 via the second internal thread tube 44, with the airway blocking tube 43 rising and falling, and the airway blocking tube 43 blocking the airflow outlet side of the secondary diversion airway 353.

[0064] like Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, the positioning flange 332 is coaxially fixed at the lower end of the guide tube 331. When the lower edge of the airway blocking tube 43 abuts against the upper surface of the positioning flange 332, the overlapping opening of the umbrella flow airway 411 and the secondary flow airway 353 is at its maximum. When the upper edge of the second internal thread tube 44 abuts against the lower edge of the end of the first internal thread tube 35, the airway blocking tube 43 completely blocks the secondary flow airway 353, thereby achieving rapid flow.

[0065] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the guide head 23 has a frustum-shaped structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. The gradually expanding geometry of the frustum-shaped guide head 23 allows for the orderly distribution of axial and tangential momentum of the protective gas during the flow splitting process. Its inclined wall surface converts the kinetic energy of the gas into a uniform spiral flow through the momentum decomposition effect, effectively suppressing the generation of turbulent vortices. Furthermore, the linear structure of the upper opening of the vent 211 of the guide head 23 can also reduce the wind resistance of the protective gas during flow splitting.

[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, the upper inner wall cross-section of the stepped groove 352 is arc-shaped. Under the guidance of the arc-shaped surface, the problem of airflow reversal can be avoided, and the airflow can flow smoothly to the umbrella air passage 411. At the same time, the upper end of the nozzle 22 is a frustum-shaped structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, which effectively suppresses the generation of turbulent vortices.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, the outer surface of the nozzle 22 is parallel to the inner surface of the guide shroud 33. By designing the parallel distance between the outer surface of the nozzle 22 and the inner surface of the guide shroud 33, the protective gas velocity is uniformly distributed along the flow direction, which significantly reduces the turbulence intensity in the flow regulating channel 34 (turbulence energy dissipation is reduced by about 30% to 45%), forming a stable laminar boundary layer.

[0068] Working principle: The connector 21 is spirally installed on the nozzle of the laser welding gun 10, and a protective gas is introduced into the nozzle 20;

[0069] The protective gas passes through the vent 211 in the connector 21 and then through the guide head 23 to split the protective gas. Part of the protective gas is directly sprayed onto the molten pool through the vent 211 of the injector head 22 and the guide head 23, while the other part of the protective gas is dispersed into the annular regulating gas channel 34 through the main diversion channel 212.

[0070] When the protective gas passes through the diversion plate 31, the airflow direction is affected by the tilt angle of the plate surface. Its flow momentum is decomposed into axial and tangential components. The tangential velocity component directly causes the airflow to rotate, forming a spiral airflow and suppressing the splashed metal particles.

[0071] At the same time, the width of the air passage 34 is adjusted by rotating the first internal threaded tube 35 with a screw to adjust the spiral gas to achieve the optimal blowing speed.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the present invention's technology and inventive concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A handheld laser welding machine that prevents metal spatter, characterized in that, The device includes a nozzle (20) fixed on the nozzle of a laser welding gun (10), a guide head (23) for diverting the shielding gas is fixed inside the nozzle (20), a number of diverting plates (31) are distributed around the nozzle (20), and a flow regulating assembly (30) is fitted on the outside of the nozzle (20). The flow regulating assembly (30) includes a guide shroud (33) fitted on the nozzle (20) and the guide shroud (33) moves along the axial direction of the nozzle (20). The protective gas is split by the guide head (23). After splitting, the protective gas is blown towards the lower end of the nozzle (20) through the flow regulating channel (34) formed between the nozzle (20) and the guide shroud (33). The protective gas in the flow regulating channel (34) is redirected by the diversion plate (31) and forms a spiral airflow. The protective gas after being redirected by the diversion plate (31) forms an airflow protection shroud for the lower end of the nozzle (20). The nozzle (20) includes a connector (21) and a spray head (22). A protective gas guide hood (40) is fitted on the spray head (22). The protective gas guide hood (40) includes an upper guide hood (41) and a lower guide hood (42). The upper end of the flow guide (33) is coaxially fixed with a flow guide tube (331), and a secondary flow channel (353) is formed between the flow guide tube (331) and the stepped groove (352) opened at the lower end of the first internal threaded tube (35). A parasol air passage (411) is formed between the upper shroud (41) and the lower shroud (42) and communicates with the secondary diversion air passage (353). The opening of the parasol air passage (411) faces the nozzle (22). The upper edge of the guide tube (331) is fixed to the first internal threaded tube (35) by multiple connecting rods (36); The upper drainage hood (41) and the lower drainage hood (42) are fixed together by multiple second connecting plates (421); The upper end of the upper drainage hood (41) is coaxially fixed with a second internal threaded tube (44) that is threadedly connected to the lower end of the external threaded part (351) of the first internal threaded tube (35), and the lower drainage hood (42) is coaxially fixed with an airway shielding tube (43) sleeved on the guide tube (331). The second internal threaded tube (44) is spirally adjusted along the external thread (351) to drive the airway blocking tube (43) to rise and fall. The secondary diversion airway (353) achieves the adjustment of the opening size by blocking the airflow outlet side through the airway blocking tube (43). The lower end of the guide tube (331) is coaxially fixed with a positioning flange (332). The upper inner wall cross-section of the stepped groove (352) is arc-shaped, and the upper end of the spray head (22) is a frustum-shaped structure; The flow guide (33) moves along the nozzle (20) to adjust the opening size of the flow regulating channel (34), and the flow rate of the spiral airflow is adjusted by the opening of the flow regulating channel (34).

2. The handheld laser welding machine with anti-metal spatter protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide head (23) is fixed to the upper end of the spray head (22); The main diversion airway (212) is formed between the lower end of the guide head (23) and the flared end of the connector (21). The lower ends of the guide head (23) and the connector (21) are fixed by multiple first connecting plates (231); The outer wall of the nozzle (22) is provided with a plurality of receiving slots (221), the diverter plate (31) is slidably inserted into the receiving slots (221), and a plurality of springs (32) are fixed between the inner edge of the diverter plate (31) and the receiving slots (221). The storage slot (221) is an inclined slot that is tilted in the same direction.

3. A handheld laser welding machine with anti-metal spatter protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper end of the flow guide (33) is fixed with a first internal threaded tube (35) that is threadedly connected to the connector (21). Both the flow guide (33) and the spray head (22) are inverted frustum-shaped structures.

4. A handheld laser welding machine with anti-metal spatter protection according to claim 3, characterized in that, The guide head (23) has a frustum-shaped structure.

5. A handheld laser welding machine with anti-metal spatter protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer surface of the nozzle (22) is parallel to the inner surface of the shroud (33).

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