A device for quickly aligning normal vectors to assist manual hole making and its use method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft component processing, and discloses a normal vector rapid alignment device for assisting manual hole making and a method for using the device. The normal vector rapid alignment device includes a distance sensing mechanism, a central control mechanism, and a normal vector alignment actuator; wherein the distance sensing mechanism is installed on the inner circumference of the front end surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body, and is responsible for collecting the distance parameters from the laser ranging sensor to the corresponding point on the curved surface and transmitting them to the central control mechanism; the central control mechanism is installed at the bottom end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body, and is responsible for receiving and processing the corresponding parameters, solving the projection point coordinates, the curved surface normal vector, the tool feed direction deviation, and the target length of the electric telescopic rod, and transmitting the target length of the electric telescopic rod to the normal vector alignment actuator; the normal vector alignment actuator is installed on the outer circumference of the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body, and drives the electric telescopic rod to extend to the target length through a servo motor to achieve rapid normal vector alignment of the curved surface component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aviation aircraft component processing, and relates to a normal vector rapid alignment device for assisting manual hole making and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's aviation industry, the importance of the aircraft manufacturing field has increased significantly. In the manufacturing process of aircraft components, tens of thousands of high-quality connecting holes need to be processed in order to achieve high-precision assembly with other components. The verticality of hole making is one of the key factors affecting the quality of hole making, which is directly related to the performance and service life of the aircraft. For aircraft components with complex structures and limited processing space, large machine tools, robotic arms and other CNC equipment are difficult to meet the actual processing needs. Therefore, the method of manual hole making with a handheld drill is still difficult to be completely replaced. However, due to reasons such as the technical maturity of the operator, it is difficult to accurately and quickly perform normal vector alignment during manual hole making, and the vertical accuracy requirements of the hole making cannot be met, which can easily cause assembly stress concentration and affect the service performance and service life of the component. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a normal vector rapid alignment device to assist manual hole making.

[0003] In engineering practice, to address the low precision of manual drilling of aircraft components, researchers at home and abroad are currently focusing on installing normal-vector assisted alignment devices on handheld drills to improve the quality and vertical accuracy of the holes being processed. Li Jinzhong and others from Chengdu Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. invented a hole-drilling drill cup, patented as CN201520826511.9. This invention uses drill sleeves and cup holders of varying diameters to achieve rapid normal-vector alignment of planar components. However, its scope of application is limited, and it is only suitable for aligning planar components, not curved ones. Hu Xiangfeng and others from the 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation invented a pneumatic drill with auxiliary adjustment of drilling posture accuracy, patented as CN201911081452.6. This invention improves vertical accuracy by installing a removable grooved collar and a level on the pneumatic drill. However, due to limitations in the working environment, it is only suitable for aligning horizontal and vertical surfaces and cannot perform adaptive alignment on inclined and curved surfaces.

[0004] In summary, in order to improve the processing quality and efficiency of manual hole making in composite components, it is urgent to develop a device for quickly aligning the normal vector to assist manual hole making in order to solve the problems of difficulty in aligning the normal vector and poor hole making accuracy during the hole making process of a handheld drill. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problem of low vertical accuracy caused by difficulties in normal vector alignment during manual hole drilling of aircraft components. A device for rapidly aligning the normal vector is invented to assist with manual hole drilling. The device utilizes a laser rangefinder and angle adjuster to measure surface parameters. A normal vector alignment actuator utilizes an electric telescopic rod to align the normal vectors of various curved components. A central control mechanism utilizes a single-chip microcomputer and indicator lights to digitally control the device. Together, these components provide a solution for rapidly and accurately aligning the normal vectors of curved components.

[0006] Technical solution of the present invention

[0007] A device for assisting manual hole making in rapid normal alignment comprises a distance sensing mechanism A1, a central control mechanism A2, and a normal alignment actuator A3. Distance sensing mechanism A1 is mounted on the inner circumference of the front end surface of the main body A of the rapid normal alignment device and is responsible for collecting distance parameters from a laser distance measuring sensor A101 to corresponding points on the curved surface and transmitting them to the central control mechanism A2. The central control mechanism A2 is mounted on the bottom end of the main body A of the rapid normal alignment device and is responsible for receiving and processing the corresponding parameters, solving the projection point coordinates, the curved surface normal vector, the tool feed direction deviation, and the target length of the electric telescopic rod, and transmitting the target length of the electric telescopic rod to the normal alignment actuator A3. The normal alignment actuator A3 is mounted on the outer circumference of the front end of the main body A of the rapid normal alignment device and uses a servo motor to drive the electric telescopic rod to extend to the target length to achieve rapid normal alignment of the curved surface component.

[0008] The distance sensing mechanism A1 includes a laser distance sensor A101 and an angle adjuster; the angle adjuster includes an angle adjustment internal gear A102, a center shaft A103, an angle adjustment external gear A104, and an adjustment handle A105; the laser distance sensor A101 is embedded in a reserved groove at the top of the angle adjustment internal gear A102 via a screw, and the angle adjustment internal gear A102 and the angle adjustment external gear A104 are connected via the center shaft A103; the adjustment handle A105 is installed at the end of the center shaft A103 via a plug screw; the four laser distance sensors A101 respectively measure the distance between their corresponding projection points on the curved surface and the laser distance sensor A101, thereby realizing rapid measurement of the surface geometric parameters;

[0009] The central control mechanism A2 includes an indicator light A201, a serial port screen A202, a switch A203, a single-chip microcomputer A204, and a lithium battery A205; the indicator light A201 and the serial port screen A202 are mounted on the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, and are responsible for displaying the operating status and related parameters of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the switch A203 is embedded in the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, and is responsible for controlling the start and stop of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the single-chip microcomputer A204 and the lithium battery A205 are fixed inside the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, the lithium battery A205 is responsible for supplying power to the normal vector rapid alignment device, and the single-chip microcomputer A204 is responsible for receiving and processing the signals sent back by the distance sensing mechanism A1, and calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the projection point on the surface, the surface normal vector, and the target length of the electric telescopic rod;

[0010] The normal vector alignment actuator A3 includes a normal vector alignment positioning claw A301, an electric telescopic rod A302 and a servo motor A303; the electric telescopic rod A302 is fixed to the groove reserved at the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A by a hexagon socket screw, the servo motor A303 is placed inside the electric telescopic rod A302, and the normal vector alignment positioning claw A301 is connected to the front end ring of the electric telescopic rod A302 by a plug screw; according to the parameters measured by the distance sensing mechanism A1 and the target length of the electric telescopic rod calculated by the central control mechanism A2, the three electric telescopic rods A302 are respectively extended to the preset target length under the drive of the servo motor A303, and the feed direction of the hole-making tool is adjusted and corrected by the length difference of the three electric telescopic rods A302, so that the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the normal vector of the surface is less than the allowable error range, thereby realizing the normal vector alignment of the curved surface component.

[0011] The angle adjustment inner gear A102 and the angle adjustment outer gear A104 both have 24 teeth, and the two mesh with each other, so that the laser ranging sensor A101 meets the inclination adjustment range of 15n°, 0≤n≤6.

[0012] The indicator light A201 is yellow when it is in working state, green when the angle difference is less than 0.5°, and red when the angle difference exceeds the tolerance.

[0013] A method for using a normal vector rapid alignment device for assisting manual hole making is as follows:

[0014] Step 1: Connect the normal vector quick alignment device to sleeve B, and further connect it to the handheld drill C;

[0015] Step 2: Keep the electric telescopic rod A302 at its original length, fit the normal vector alignment claw A301 at the front end tightly onto the surface to be drilled, and adjust the four laser distance sensors A101 to the appropriate angle to complete the preparation work before normal vector alignment;

[0016] Step 3: Turn on the switch A203, and the indicator light A201 lights up and turns yellow, indicating that the device is performing normal vector alignment. The four laser ranging sensors A101 start working, collecting the distance of the corresponding projection point of the laser ranging sensor A101 on the curved surface, and transmit the collected data to the single-chip microcomputer A204 to obtain the coordinates of the projection point;

[0017] Step 4: The single chip computer A204 calculates the normal vector of the surface to be drilled and compares it with the feed direction of the drilling tool when the electric telescopic rod A302 is at its original length position. The target lengths of the three electric telescopic rods A302 are obtained based on the difference between the two.

[0018] Step 5: The servo motor A303 drives the three electric telescopic rods A302 to extend to the target length respectively, adjusts and corrects the feed direction of the hole-making tool, makes the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the surface normal vector less than the error range, and realizes the rapid alignment of the surface normal vector;

[0019] Step 6: After the length of the electric telescopic rod A302 is adjusted, the laser distance sensor A101 measures the angle difference between the surface normal vector and the feed direction of the hole-making tool again. When the angle difference is less than 0.5°, the indicator light A201 turns green, indicating that the device has completed the normal vector alignment; if the angle difference is still greater than the allowable error range, the indicator light A201 turns red, and the device will re-align the normal vector;

[0020] Step 7: After observing that the indicator light A201 turns green, the operator pushes the pneumatic handheld drill C along the axial direction of the inner and outer connecting sleeves B. The cutter head of the handheld drill C feeds along the normal vector of the curved surface and drills the surface of the component to be drilled, thereby achieving high-precision drilling of the curved surface component.

[0021] The present invention provides a device for rapid normal vector alignment to assist manual hole making. A distance measuring sensor is used to rapidly measure the geometric parameters of curved surface components. An angle adjuster drives a laser range sensor to adjust the inclination angle based on the accuracy and algorithm requirements derived from different working conditions. A central control mechanism accurately calculates the surface normal vector, tool feed direction deviation, and target length of the electric telescopic rod. The length differences between the three electric telescopic rods are used to adjust and correct the feed direction of the device and the hole-making tool, achieving rapid and accurate normal vector alignment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The utility model is a device for quickly aligning the normal vector to assist manual hole making.

[0023] Figure 2 Exploded diagram of the central control mechanism and the actuator for normal vector identification.

[0024] Figure 3 This is an exploded diagram of the distance sensing mechanism.

[0025] In the figure: A-normal vector quick alignment device body, B-internal and external connecting sleeves, C-handheld drill, A1-distance sensing mechanism, A2-central control mechanism, A3-normal vector alignment actuator, A101-laser distance sensor, A102-angle adjustment internal gear, A103-center shaft, A104-angle adjustment external gear, A105-adjustment handle, A201-indicator light, A202-serial port screen, A203-switch, A204-single-chip microcomputer, A205-lithium battery, A301-normal vector alignment positioning claw, A302-electric telescopic rod, A303-servo motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0027] The distance sensing mechanism A1 is installed on the inner circumference of the front end surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, the laser distance sensor A101 is embedded in the reserved groove at the top of the angle adjustment inner gear A102, the angle adjustment inner gear A102 and the angle adjustment outer gear A104 are connected through the central axis A103, and the adjustment handle A105 is connected to the tail end of the central axis A103 through a Seda screw; the central control mechanism A2 is installed at the bottom end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A; the indicator light A201 and the serial port screen A202 are installed on the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A through screws The switch A203 is embedded in the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, and the single-chip computer A204 and the lithium battery A205 are fixed to the inside of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A by screws; the normal vector alignment actuator A3 is installed on the outer circumference of the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A, the electric telescopic rod A302 is fixed to the reserved groove at the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body A by screws, the servo motor A303 is placed inside the electric telescopic rod A302, and the normal vector alignment positioning claw A301 is connected to the front end ring of the electric telescopic rod A302 by a plug screw.

[0028] In actual use, a handheld drill is selected based on the specific machining conditions, and the handheld drill C is aligned with the internal and external connecting sleeves B of the device. For drilling holes in flat components, normal alignment is achieved by simply maintaining the electric telescopic rod A302 at its original length and placing the normal alignment claw A301 at its front end firmly against the surface to be drilled. For drilling holes in curved components, the electric telescopic rod A302 is first maintained at its original length, with the normal alignment claw A301 at its front end firmly against the surface to be drilled. The four laser ranging sensors A101 are then adjusted to the appropriate angles to complete the normal alignment preparations. The device is then switched on, and the four laser ranging sensors A101 begin operating, measuring the distance between each sensor and its corresponding projection point on the curved surface. These measured parameters are then transmitted to the microcontroller A204, which then determines the coordinates of the four projection points corresponding to each of the four sensors. The plane normal vector is calculated by grouping each three projection points into four groups, resulting in four plane normal vectors. The average of these four groups is then used to determine the surface normal vector for the hole to be drilled. This result is compared with the hole-making tool feed direction. Based on the deviation in the hole-making tool feed direction, the target lengths of the three electric telescopic rods A302 are calculated. The servo motors drive the electric telescopic rods A302 to the target lengths and then lock them. By controlling the three electric telescopic rods A302 to different lengths, the difference between the hole-making tool feed direction and the surface normal vector is kept within the error range, thereby achieving the processing requirement of rapid and accurate normal vector alignment. After the electric telescopic rods A302 are adjusted in length, the laser rangefinder measures the angular difference between the surface normal vector and the hole-making tool feed direction again. Once the difference is within the error range, the control device status indicator A201 turns green, indicating that normal vector alignment is complete.

[0029] After observing the green indicator light, the operator pushes the handheld drill C in the axial direction of the inner and outer connecting sleeves B. The drilling tool mounted on the handheld drill drills the surface of the component to be drilled along the normal vector of the curved surface, resulting in a high verticality and high-quality hole. The distance sensing mechanism, central control mechanism, and normal vector alignment actuator proposed in this invention are susceptible to various modifications. In short, all modifications that do not depart from the innovative scope of this invention are within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for quickly aligning the normal vector to assist manual hole making, characterized in that: The normal vector rapid alignment device comprises a distance sensing mechanism (A1), a central control mechanism (A2) and a normal vector alignment actuator (A3); wherein the distance sensing mechanism (A1) is installed on the inner circumference of the front end surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), and is responsible for collecting distance parameters from a laser distance measuring sensor (A101) to a corresponding point on the curved surface and transmitting the distance parameters to the central control mechanism (A2); the central control mechanism (A2) is installed at the bottom end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), and is responsible for receiving and processing the corresponding parameters, solving the projection point coordinates, the curved surface normal vector, the tool feed direction deviation and the target length of the electric telescopic rod, and transmitting the target length of the electric telescopic rod to the normal vector alignment actuator (A3); the normal vector alignment actuator (A3) is installed on the outer circumference of the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), and drives the electric telescopic rod to extend to the target length by a servo motor to realize the rapid normal vector alignment of the curved surface component; The distance sensing mechanism (A1) includes a laser distance sensor (A101) and an angle adjuster; the angle adjuster includes an angle adjustment inner gear (A102), a center shaft (A103), an angle adjustment outer gear (A104), and an adjustment handle (A105); the laser distance sensor (A101) is embedded in a reserved groove at the top of the angle adjustment inner gear (A102) via a screw, and the angle adjustment inner gear (A102) and the angle adjustment outer gear (A104) are connected via the center shaft (A103); the adjustment handle (A105) is installed at the tail end of the center shaft (A103) via a screw; four laser distance sensors (A101) respectively measure the distance between their corresponding projection points on the curved surface and the laser distance sensors (A101), thereby realizing rapid measurement of the surface geometric parameters; The central control mechanism (A2) includes an indicator light (A201), a serial port screen (A202), a switch (A203), a single-chip microcomputer (A204) and a lithium battery (A205); the indicator light (A201) and the serial port screen (A202) are installed on the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), and are responsible for displaying the operating status and related parameters of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the switch (A203) is embedded in the side surface of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), and is responsible for controlling the start and stop of the normal vector rapid alignment device; the single-chip microcomputer (A204) and the lithium battery (A205) are fixed inside the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A), the lithium battery (A205) is responsible for supplying power to the normal vector rapid alignment device, and the single-chip microcomputer (A204) is responsible for receiving and processing signals sent back by the distance sensing mechanism (A1), and calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the projection point on the curved surface, the curved surface normal vector and the target length of the electric telescopic rod; The normal vector alignment actuator (A3) comprises a normal vector alignment positioning claw (A301), an electric telescopic rod (A302) and a servo motor (A303); the electric telescopic rod (A302) is fixed to a groove reserved at the front end of the normal vector rapid alignment device body (A) by a hexagon socket screw, the servo motor (A303) is placed inside the electric telescopic rod (A302), and the normal vector alignment positioning claw (A301) is connected to the front end ring of the electric telescopic rod (A302) by a plug screw; according to the parameters measured by the distance sensing mechanism (A1) and the target length of the electric telescopic rod calculated by the central control mechanism (A2), the three electric telescopic rods (A302) are respectively extended to a preset target length under the drive of the servo motor (A303), and the feed direction of the hole-making tool is adjusted and corrected by the length difference of the three electric telescopic rods (A302), so that the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the normal vector of the curved surface is less than the allowable error range, thereby achieving normal vector alignment of the curved surface component.

2. The device for quickly aligning the normal vector of the auxiliary manual hole making according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle adjustment inner gear (A102) and the angle adjustment outer gear (A104) both have 24 teeth and mesh with each other, so that the laser ranging sensor (A101) meets the inclination adjustment range of 15n°, 0≤n≤6.

3. The device for quickly aligning the normal vector of the auxiliary manual hole making according to claim 1, characterized in that: The indicator light (A201) is yellow when it is in working state, green when the angle difference is less than 0.5°, and red when the angle difference exceeds the tolerance.

4. A method for using a device for quickly aligning a normal vector to assist manual hole making, characterized in that: The details are as follows: Step 1: Connect the normal vector quick alignment device to the sleeve (B), and further connect it to the handheld drill (C); Step 2: Keep the electric telescopic rod (A302) at its original length, fit the normal vector alignment claw (A301) at the front end tightly onto the surface to be drilled, adjust the four laser distance sensors (A101) to the appropriate angle, and complete the preparation work before normal vector alignment; Step 3: Turn on the switch (A203), the indicator light (A201) lights up yellow, indicating that the device is performing normal vector alignment, and the four laser distance sensors (A101) start working, collecting the distance of the laser distance sensor (A101) to the corresponding projection point on the curved surface, and transmit the collected data to the single chip microcomputer (A204) to obtain the coordinates of the projection point; Step 4: The single chip computer (A204) calculates the normal vector of the surface to be drilled and compares it with the feed direction of the drilling tool when the electric telescopic rod (A302) is at its original length position. The target lengths of the three electric telescopic rods (A302) are obtained based on the difference between the two. Step 5: The servo motor (A303) drives the three electric telescopic rods (A302) to extend to the target length respectively, adjusts and corrects the feed direction of the hole-making tool, so that the difference between the feed direction of the hole-making tool and the surface normal vector is less than the error range, and the surface normal vector is quickly aligned; Step 6: After the length of the electric telescopic rod (A302) is adjusted, the laser distance sensor (A101) again measures the angle difference between the surface normal vector and the feed direction of the hole-making tool. When the angle difference is less than 0.5°, the indicator light (A201) turns green, indicating that the device has completed the normal vector alignment; if the angle difference is still greater than the allowable error range, the indicator light (A201) turns red, and the device will re-align the normal vector; Step 7: After observing that the indicator light (A201) turns green, the operator pushes the pneumatic handheld drill (C) along the axial direction of the inner and outer connecting sleeves (B). The handheld drill (C) head feeds along the normal vector of the curved surface and drills the surface of the component to be drilled, thereby achieving high-precision drilling of the curved surface component.

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