Polyisobutylene succinimide betaine, fuel additive and preparation method of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine and fuel additive

Abstract

The invention discloses polyisobutylene succinimide betaine, a fuel additive and a preparation method of the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine and the fuel additive. The structural formula of the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine is as follows: # imgabs0 #, PIB is a polyisobutylene group, and the molecular weight of the PIB is 400-4900; m is equal to 1-18, preferably, m is equal to 1-10; n = 2-5, preferably n = 2 or 3. The fuel additive disclosed by the invention is good in solubility, not only has good dispersity and an effect of reducing the accumulation amount of carbon deposition of a vehicle engine, but also can effectively reduce the balance point temperature, solve the problem of passive regeneration failure of a diesel engine particulate filter (DPF), reduce the number of active regeneration times and prolong the regeneration mileage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fuel additives, in particular to a polyisobutylene succinimide betaine and a fuel additive and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fuel additives are a type of additive used to improve fuel performance, including anti-knock agents, antioxidants, metal passivators, anti-icing agents, antistatic additives, anti-wear agents, low-temperature fluidity improvers, cetane number improvers, detergents, combustion aids, fuel catalytic regeneration additives (FBC), etc. According to data released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, automobiles are the main contributors to motor vehicle air pollution emissions, with CO, NOx and PM emissions exceeding 90% and HC exceeding 80%. Diesel trucks, which account for 7.9% of the total number of vehicles, emit 60.0% of NOx and 84.6% of PM, and are the top priority for motor vehicle pollution prevention and control. Therefore, it is necessary to add additives to diesel to improve diesel quality and engine operation.

[0003] The existing diesel additives on the market have a single function, and there are few multi-effect composite additives. They are mainly used to improve the combustion performance and cleanliness of diesel, and have little effect on reducing diesel vehicle pollutant emissions. Diesel detergents are mainly based on detergent dispersants. Detergent dispersants are highly efficient surfactants. Their polar groups have a strong adsorption capacity for the carbon deposits and sediments that have been formed, which can gradually loosen the carbon deposits and sediments and become small particles to be washed down. At the same time, detergent dispersants can prevent small particles from forming large particles and gathering on the metal surface, playing a cleaning role and protecting the normal operation of the engine. Diesel detergents can be divided into two categories according to whether they contain metal components: ash-type diesel detergents and ashless diesel detergents. Ash-type detergents have excellent combustion-supporting and smoke-eliminating effects, and can effectively inhibit the high-temperature cracking of diesel to form carbon particles and promote the full combustion of diesel. They mainly include sulfonate type, high-base boronized sulfonate type and salicylate type detergents. Among ashless detergents, small molecule amines represented by succinimide were the earliest to be used, followed by hydrocarbon-substituted (poly)amines represented by polyisobutyleneamine (PIBA), amide (imide) and polyether amine detergents represented by polyisobutylene succinimide, and Mannich base detergents were developed one after another. Diesel detergents with a single main agent are increasingly unable to adapt to the differences in diesel quality and the advancement of engine technology: amide (imide) detergents have a significant cleaning effect on fuel nozzle carbon deposits, but the cleaning effect on high-temperature components is not obvious; hydrocarbon-substituted (poly)amines, represented mainly by polyisobutylene amine, have excellent cleaning effects on fuel nozzle and intake valve carbon deposits, but have no effect on combustion chamber carbon deposits; Mannich detergents have good cleaning performance on engine intake systems and fuel nozzle deposits, but have a tendency to increase the formation of combustion chamber carbon deposits, and the amount of generation is related to its thermal stability; polyetheramine detergents have a unique effect on inhibiting combustion chamber carbon deposits, but polyetheramine detergents are more easily decomposed at high temperatures and have poor cleaning effects on high-temperature components. Therefore, a multi-effect composite additive is currently needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a polyisobutylene succinimide betaine and a fuel additive and a preparation method thereof. The fuel additive of the present invention not only has good dispersibility and has the effect of reducing the accumulation of carbon deposits in vehicle engines, but also can effectively reduce the equilibrium point temperature, solve the passive regeneration failure of the diesel engine particulate filter (DPF), reduce the number of active regenerations, and extend the regeneration mileage.

[0005] One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a polyisobutylene succinimide betaine, the structural formula of which is shown below:

[0006]

[0007] Among them, PIB is a polyisobutylene group derived from the polyisobutylene group in polyisobutylene succinic anhydride, and the molecular weight of PIB is 400-4900, preferably 1000-3000; m=1-18, preferably m=1-10; n=2-5, preferably n=2 or 3.

[0008] Preferably, the structure of PIB is: Wherein p=6-87, preferably p=17-53, and * represents the bonding position.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0010] The preparation method of the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine comprises:

[0011] (1) dissolving a diamine containing a tertiary amine group and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride in a solvent A and reacting them to obtain polyisobutylene succinimide;

[0012] (2) The polyisobutylene succinimide obtained in step (1) is dissolved in solvent B, and then reacted with sultone to obtain the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0014] In step (1),

[0015] The molecular weight of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride is in the range of 500 to 5000; and / or,

[0016] The diamine containing a tertiary amine group has the following structure:

[0017] wherein m=1 to 18, preferably m=1 to 10; and / or,

[0018] The solvent A is at least one of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, and alkanes with a carbon number of 6 to 12; and / or,

[0019] The molar ratio of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride to the diamine containing a tertiary amine group is 1:1-2; and / or,

[0020] The amount of the solvent A used is 1 to 5 times the mass of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0022] In step (1),

[0023] The reaction temperature is 40 to 150° C.; and / or, the reaction time is 3 to 18 hours; preferably,

[0024] The reaction is carried out under step-wise temperature increase, preferably stirring the reaction at 40-80° C. for 1-6 hours, and then raising the reaction temperature to 80-150° C. and continuing stirring the reaction for 2-12 hours.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0026] In step (2),

[0027] The sultone includes an alkyl sultone, the carbon number of the alkyl group is 3-6, and the alkyl sultone preferably includes at least one of 1,3-propane sultone and 1,4-butane sultone; and / or,

[0028] The solvent B is at least one of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, alkanes with a carbon number of 6 to 12, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and acetone; and / or,

[0029] The molar ratio of the polyisobutylene succinimide to sultone is 1:0.5-1, preferably 1:0.8-1; and / or,

[0030] The mass of the solvent B is 0.2 to 2 times the mass of the polyisobutylene succinimide; and / or,

[0031] The reaction temperature is 40 to 100° C.; and / or the reaction time is 2 to 16 hours.

[0032] The preparation method of the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine of the present invention can adopt the following specific technical scheme:

[0033] (1) Preparation of polyisobutylene succinimide: a diamine containing a tertiary amine group and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride are placed in a reaction kettle in a molar ratio of 1 to 2:1, and solvent A is added to dissolve the mixture. The mixture is stirred at 40 to 80° C. for 1 to 6 hours under the protection of nitrogen or argon. The reaction temperature is then raised to 80 to 150° C. and the reaction is continued with stirring for 2 to 12 hours. After the reaction is completed, the solvent and the unreacted diamine containing a tertiary amine group are removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and the residue is polyisobutylene succinimide.

[0034] (2) Preparation of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine: sultone and the polyisobutylene succinimide prepared in step (1) are taken in a molar ratio of 0.5 to 1:1, the polyisobutylene succinimide is dissolved in a solvent B of 0.2 to 2 times its mass and transferred to a reaction kettle, the reaction temperature is raised to 40 to 100° C. under stirring, the sultone is slowly added dropwise, and after the addition is completed, the reaction is continued at 40 to 100° C. for 2 to 16 hours; after the reaction is completed, the solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and the residue is polyisobutylene succinimide betaine.

[0035] The second object of the present invention is to provide a fuel additive, comprising the following components:

[0036] a) solvent oil; b) polyisobutylene succinimide betaine as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; c) metal organic compound; d) acetylene glycol polyether; e) antioxidant.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0038] The structural formula of the acetylene glycol polyether is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] Wherein, R2 and R3 are methyl groups, R1 and R4 are the same or different and are independently selected from alkyl groups containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms; m1 and m2 are the same or different, m1+m2=0 to 16, n1 and n2 are the same or different, n1+n2=0 to 20, and m1, m2, n1, and n2 are not 0 at the same time. (The acetylene glycol polyether is preferably prepared by the method in Chinese Patent No. 202211702264.2, which is hereby introduced in its entirety)

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0042] The solvent oil includes alkane solvent oil with a boiling range of 60 to 200° C., aromatic solvent oil with a boiling range of 60 to 200° C., C6 to C 12 At least one of alkyl alcohols; and / or

[0043] The metal organic compound includes at least one of iron naphthenate, iron petrolate, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid iron with a carbon number of 6 to 22, cerium naphthenate, cerium petrolate, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid cerium with a carbon number of 6 to 22, crown ether iron complex, porphyrin iron complex, crown ether platinum complex, porphyrin platinum complex, and ferrocene; and / or,

[0044] The antioxidant includes at least one of phenylenediamine, alkylphenylenediamine, p-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

[0046] Each component is calculated based on 100 parts by weight of solvent oil.

[0047] 5 to 100 parts by weight of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine; preferably 20 to 60 parts by weight;

[0048] 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of the metal organic compound; preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight; more preferably 7 to 10 parts by weight;

[0049] 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of acetylene glycol polyether; preferably 1 to 8 parts by weight;

[0050] Antioxidant 0.1 to 2 parts by weight; preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight.

[0051] Conventional components in the art, such as other conventional polyethers, etc., may also be added to the formula of the multifunctional fuel additive of the present invention. The dosage thereof is also conventional, and technicians may adjust it according to actual conditions.

[0052] The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the fuel additive of the second object of the present invention, comprising uniformly mixing components including solvent oil, polyisobutylene succinimide betaine, metal organic compounds, acetylene glycol polyether and antioxidant to obtain the fuel additive.

[0053] When the fuel additive is used in diesel vehicle fuel, it is preferably mixed with the fuel in a ratio of 1 / 10000 to 1 / 10.

[0054] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0055] Polyisobutylene succinimide betaine has multiple functional groups, among which polyisobutylene is a branched lipophilic group; sulfoalkyl betaine is a polar head, and has a quaternary ammonium cation and a sulfonate anion structure; since sludge or sediment is usually negatively charged, electrostatic effect makes polyisobutylene succinimide betaine have a stronger interaction with sludge or sediment, so that polyisobutylene succinimide betaine can better disperse sludge and sediment, so that it can be solubilized in fuel and dispersed into fine particles.

[0056] Alkyne glycol polyether has low foaming and defoaming properties. It is not easy to foam during use. It can be firmly adsorbed on the metal surface to inhibit the corrosion of metal walls such as exhaust pipes at high temperatures.

[0057] The fuel additive of the present invention has good solubility and not only has good dispersibility, but also has the effect of reducing the accumulation of carbon deposits in vehicle engines, and can effectively reduce the equilibrium point temperature, solve the passive regeneration failure of the diesel engine particulate filter (DPF), reduce the number of active regenerations, and extend the regeneration mileage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It is necessary to point out that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made to the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the contents of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional commercially available raw materials.

[0060] The structure of the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine described in the present invention is theoretically deduced based on the reaction principle and the amount of the added raw materials.

[0061] Preparation of decynediol polyoxyethylene (4) ether in Example 1:

[0062] (1) Preparation of nanocatalyst (Mg / Al / Co composite metal oxide catalyst):

[0063] Prepare a mixed solution I of NaOH and Na2CO3 with a molar concentration of 2:1 (the volume of mixed solution I is 100 mL, wherein the molar concentration of Na2CO3 is 0.5 mol / L), prepare a mixed solution II of Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 with a molar concentration of 3:1 (the volume of mixed solution II is 100 mL, wherein the molar concentration of Al(NO3)3 is 0.5 mol / L), prepare a CoNO3 solution of equal volume to that of mixed solution II, and its concentration is 1 / 5 of the molar concentration of Al(NO3)3 in the reaction mixture; keep the CoNO3 solution at a constant temperature of 60°C, and add mixed solution I and mixed solution II thereto simultaneously under vigorous stirring, and control the pH value to be 8.5-9.5 during the addition process; after the addition is completed, stir the reaction solution at a constant temperature for 30 minutes, and then put it into a 100°C oven for crystallization for 12 hours; the crystallized slurry is filtered and washed until the filtrate becomes neutral, and the filter cake is placed in an oven for drying; the dried solid is ball-milled in a ball mill to obtain a Mg / Al / Co composite metal oxide catalyst.

[0064] (2) 0.2 mol of tetramethyldecynediol (abbreviated as TMAD10, the structural formula of tetramethyldecynediol is: wherein R2 and R3 are -CH3, and R1 and R4 are both -CH2CH(CH3)2) and 0.9 g of the Mg / Al / Co composite metal oxide catalyst obtained in the above step (1) are put into a high-pressure reactor, stirred evenly, the air in the reactor is replaced with nitrogen three times, and the high-pressure reactor is evacuated for 30 min at 80° C. using a vacuum pump, and the evacuation is stopped; 0.8 mol of ethylene oxide is slowly introduced into the reactor through a feed pipe, and the temperature of the reactor is increased to 115° C., the pressure in the reactor is controlled at about 0.20 MPa, and the reaction is stirred for 4 hours; the reaction is stopped after the pressure in the reactor drops to negative pressure, the reaction mixture is taken out, and the nanocatalyst is removed by microporous membrane filtration to obtain decynediol polyoxyethylene (4) ether (TMAD10-EO4);

[0065] The structural formula of the above-mentioned decynediol polyoxyethylene (4) ether (TMAD10-EO4) is: Among them, R2 and R3 are -CH3, R1 and R4 are both -CH2CH(CH3)2, m1+m2=4, n1+n2=0.

[0066] Preparation of decynediol polyoxyethylene (8) polyoxypropylene (4) ether in Example 2:

[0067] (1) Changing the feeding amount of ethylene oxide in the above step to 1.6 mol, to obtain decynediol polyoxyethylene (8) ether (TMAD10-EO8) with an EO (C2H4O) number of 8;

[0068] The structural formula of the above-mentioned decynediol polyoxyethylene (8) ether (TMAD10-EO8) is: Wherein, R2 and R3 are -CH3, R1 and R4 are both -CH2CH(CH3)2, m1+m2=8, n1+n2=0;

[0069] (2) 0.1 mol TMAD10-EO8 and 0.8 g of the Mg / Al / Co composite metal oxide catalyst obtained in the above step (1) are put into a high-pressure reactor, stirred evenly, the air in the reactor is replaced with nitrogen for 3 times, and the high-pressure reactor is evacuated with a vacuum pump at 80° C. for 30 min, and the evacuation is stopped; 0.4 mol propylene oxide is introduced into the reactor through a feed pipe, and the temperature of the reactor is increased to 125° C., the pressure in the reactor is controlled at about 0.3 MPa, and the reaction is stirred for 12 h; the reaction is stopped after the pressure in the reactor drops to negative pressure, the reaction mixture is taken out, and the nanocatalyst is removed by microporous membrane filtration to obtain decynediol polyoxyethylene (8) polyoxypropylene (4) ether (TMAD10-EO8-PO4);

[0070] The structural formula of the above-mentioned decynediol polyoxyethylene (8) polyoxypropylene (4) ether (TMAD10-EO8-PO4) is:

[0071] Among them, R2 and R3 are -CH3, R1 and R4 are both -CH2CH(CH3)2, m1+m2=8, n1+n2=4.

[0072] Preparation of dodecynediol polyoxyethylene (8) ether in Example 3:

[0073] The tetramethyldecynediol in the above step is replaced by tetramethyldodecynediol (abbreviated as TMAD12, the structural formula of tetramethyldodecynediol is: Among them, R2 and R3 are -CH3, R1 and R4 are both -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2), and the feeding amounts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are adjusted at the same time to obtain dodecyne diol polyoxyethylene (8) ether (TMAD12-EO8) with an EO number of 8.

[0074] The structure of the acetylene glycol polyether obtained in the present invention is obtained by theoretical calculation based on the reaction principle and the amount of the added raw materials.

[0075] The fuel additives in the embodiments of the present invention and the comparative examples were tested as follows:

[0076] (1) Solubility test method of multifunctional fuel additive: The multifunctional fuel additive of the embodiment and the comparative example was mixed with diesel in a volume ratio of 1:10, and then left for 12 months to observe whether stratification or precipitation occurred.

[0077] (2) The low-temperature dispersibility of the multifunctional fuel additive was tested by the sludge spot dispersion test method, and the low-temperature dispersibility of the dispersant was evaluated by the sludge spot dispersion value SDT. The larger the SDT value, the better the sludge dispersibility of the dispersant at low temperatures. The sludge dispersibility test was carried out according to the SH / T 0623-95 procedure, and the STD values ​​were tested before adding the fuel additive and after adding the fuel additives of the embodiments and comparative examples.

[0078] (3) The nozzle coking test was carried out according to the method and technical requirements specified in SH / T 0764 "Diesel Engine Nozzle Coking Test Method (XUD-9 Method)", and the average air flow loss at a needle valve lift of 0.1 mm in cylinders 1 to 4 was measured before adding the fuel additive and after adding the fuel additive of the embodiment and the comparative example at a volume ratio of the fuel additive to the diesel of 1:1000.

[0079] (4) A bench test was conducted using a Weichai WP13 heavy-duty diesel engine. The bench test device included a diesel engine, a dynamometer, a post-processing device system including a DOC, a particulate filter (DPF) and an SCR, and a data acquisition system. The exhaust temperature was adjusted by adjusting the engine operating point to measure the DPF deposit equilibrium point temperature. The measurement started at 300°C and increased by 20°C each time until it ended at 440°C. The continuous passive regeneration equilibrium point temperature was determined by measuring the pressure difference change across the DPF. For the same post-processing device (DPF including a catalyst coating), the equilibrium point temperature was tested before adding the fuel additive and when the fuel additives of the embodiment and the comparative example were added to the diesel at a volume ratio of 1:100.

[0080] (5) A small truck equipped with a 2.0L CTI diesel engine was used for the actual vehicle test. The DPF volume of the vehicle was 3.3L, the maximum carbon load was calibrated to be 20g, and the vehicle had a regeneration interval of about 500km. Before the test, it was estimated that the DPF would trigger regeneration after the vehicle had traveled about 400 kilometers. The actual mileage of DPF triggering regeneration was tested after adding the fuel additives of the embodiment and the comparative example (the added concentration was 10mg / kg (based on metal content)) to the diesel.

[0081] Example 1

[0082] (1) 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a molecular weight of 1400 were placed in a reaction kettle in a molar ratio of 1.5:1, and xylene (the amount used was twice the mass of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride) was added to dissolve. Under nitrogen protection, the mixture was stirred at 60°C for 3 hours, and then the reaction temperature was increased to 120°C and the stirring reaction was continued for 8 hours. After the reaction was completed, the solvent and unreacted 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine were removed by reduced pressure distillation, and the residue was polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-1; (2) 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride were placed in a molar ratio of 1 :1 Take 1,3-propane sultone and polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-1, dissolve the polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-1 in tetrahydrofuran of equal mass, transfer the mixed solution to a reactor, raise the reaction temperature to 80°C under stirring, slowly drop 1,3-propane sultone, continue to react at 80°C for 10 hours after the dropwise addition, remove the solvent by reduced pressure distillation after the reaction is completed, and the residue is polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-1; the structural formula of the obtained polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-1 is as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, PIB is polyisobutylene, and the structure of PIB is: Where p=22, m=1, n=2.

[0085] Preparation of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine multifunctional fuel additive: 30 parts by weight of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-1, 100 parts by weight of 6# solvent oil, 10 parts by weight of ferric laurate, 2.0 parts by weight of decynediol polyoxyethylene ether (4) ether, and 0.5 parts by weight of p-phenylenediamine are mixed uniformly at 50°C to obtain multifunctional fuel additive-1.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] (1) 4-dimethylamino-1-butylamine and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a molecular weight of 2400 were placed in a reaction kettle in a molar ratio of 1.2:1, and toluene (the amount used was 4 times the mass of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride) was added to dissolve. Under nitrogen protection, the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 2 hours, and then the reaction temperature was increased to 140°C and the stirring reaction was continued for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the solvent and unreacted 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine were removed by vacuum distillation, and the residue was polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-2; (2) 4-dimethylamino-1-butylamine and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride were placed in a molar ratio of 0.8: 1 Take 1,4-butane sultone and polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-1, dissolve polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-1 in ethyl acetate of equal mass, transfer the mixed solution to a reactor, raise the reaction temperature to 100°C under stirring, slowly drop 1,4-butane sultone, continue to react at 100°C for 6h after the dropwise addition, remove the solvent by reduced pressure distillation after the reaction is completed, and the residue is polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-2; the structural formula of the obtained polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-2 is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] Among them, PIB is polyisobutylene, and the structure of PIB is: Where p=40, m=2, n=3.

[0090] Preparation of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine multifunctional fuel additive: 40 parts by weight of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-2, 100 parts by weight of 120# solvent oil, 10 parts by weight of iron cyclopentaneate, 4 parts by weight of decynediol polyoxyethylene (8) polyoxypropylene (4) ether, and 0.8 parts by weight of p-tert-butylphenol are mixed uniformly at 40°C to obtain multifunctional fuel additive-2.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] (1) 6-dimethylamino-1-hexylamine and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a molecular weight of 1400 were placed in a reaction kettle at a molar ratio of 2:1, and octane (the amount of which was 3 times the mass of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride) was added to dissolve. Under nitrogen protection, the mixture was stirred at 50°C for 5 hours, and then the reaction temperature was increased to 100°C and the stirring reaction was continued for 10 hours. After the reaction was completed, the solvent and unreacted 3-dimethylamino-1-propylamine were removed by vacuum distillation, and the residue was polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-3; (2) 6-dimethylamino-1-hexylamine and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride with a molar ratio of 0.9 5:1, take 1,3-propane sultone and polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-3, dissolve polyisobutylene succinimide intermediate-3 in xylene of equal mass, transfer the mixed solution to a reactor, raise the reaction temperature to 60°C under stirring, slowly drop 1,3-propane sultone, continue to react at 60°C for 14h after the dropwise addition, remove the solvent by reduced pressure distillation after the reaction is completed, and the residue is polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-3; the structural formula of the obtained polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-3 is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, PIB is polyisobutylene, and the structure of PIB is: Where p=22, m=4, n=2.

[0095] Preparation of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine multifunctional fuel additive: 50 parts by weight of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine-3, 100 parts by weight of 200# solvent oil, 10 parts by weight of cerium oleate, 5 parts by weight of dodecyne diol polyoxyethylene (8) ether, and 1 part by weight of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol are mixed uniformly at 40°C to obtain multifunctional fuel additive-3.

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] Preparation of polyisobutylene succinimide fuel additive: Take 30 parts by weight of commercially available polyisobutylene succinimide (T154A), 100 parts by weight of 6# solvent oil, 10 parts by weight of ferric laurate, 2.0 parts by weight of decynediol polyoxyethylene ether (4), and 0.5 parts by weight of p-phenylenediamine, mix them evenly at 50°C to obtain fuel additive-4.

[0098] Comparative Example 2

[0099] Preparation of a composite fuel additive of polyisobutylene succinimide and betaine: Take 30 parts by weight of commercially available polyisobutylene succinimide (T154A), 3 parts by weight of cocamidopropyl betaine, 100 parts by weight of 6# solvent oil, 10 parts by weight of ferric laurate, 2.0 parts by weight of decynediol polyoxyethylene ether (4), and 0.5 parts by weight of p-phenylenediamine, mix them evenly at 50°C to obtain fuel additive-5.

[0100] Table 1 Comparison of fuel additive performance test data between the embodiment and the comparative example

[0101]

[0102] It can be seen from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 that compared with adding conventional polyisobutylene succinimide in the art or adding polyisobutylene succinimide and conventional betaine at the same time, the fuel additive of the present invention not only has good dispersibility and has the effect of reducing the accumulation of carbon deposits in vehicle engines due to the addition of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine, but also can effectively reduce the equilibrium point temperature, solve the passive regeneration failure of the diesel engine particulate filter (DPF), reduce the number of active regenerations, and extend the regeneration mileage.

Claims

1. A polyisobutylene succinimide betaine, the structural formula of which is shown below: in, PIB is a polyisobutylene group, and the molecular weight of PIB is 400 to 4900; m=1 to 18, preferably m=1 to 10; n=2 to 5, preferably n=2 or 3.

2. The polyisobutylene succinimide betaine according to claim 1, wherein: The preparation method of the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine comprises: (1) dissolving a diamine containing a tertiary amino group and polyisobutylene succinic anhydride in solvent A and reacting the mixture to obtain polyisobutylene succinimide; (2) The polyisobutylene succinimide obtained in step (1) is dissolved in solvent B, and then reacted with sultone to obtain the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine.

3. The polyisobutylene succinimide betaine according to claim 2, wherein: In step (1), The molecular weight of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride is in the range of 500 to 5000; and / or, The diamine containing a tertiary amine group has the following structure: wherein m=1 to 18, preferably m=1 to 10; and / or The solvent A is at least one of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, and an alkane with a carbon number of 6 to 12; and / or The molar ratio of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride to the diamine containing one tertiary amino group is 1:1-2; and / or, The amount of the solvent A used is 1 to 5 times the mass of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.

4. The polyisobutylene succinimide betaine according to claim 2, wherein: In step (1), The reaction temperature is 40 to 150° C.; and / or the reaction time is 3 to 18 hours; preferably, The reaction is carried out under stepwise temperature increase, preferably at 40-80° C. with stirring for 1-6 hours, and then the reaction temperature is increased to 80-150° C. and the stirring reaction is continued for 2-12 hours.

5. The polyisobutylene succinimide betaine according to claim 2, wherein: In step (2), The sultone includes an alkyl sultone, and the alkyl sultone preferably includes at least one of 1,3-propane sultone and 1,4-butane sultone; and / or, The solvent B is at least one of toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, alkanes with a carbon number of 6 to 12, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and acetone; and / or, The molar ratio of the polyisobutylene succinimide to sultone is 1:0.5-1; and / or, The mass of the solvent B is 0.2 to 2 times the mass of the polyisobutylene succinimide; and / or, The reaction temperature is 40-100° C.; and / or the reaction time is 2-16 hours.

6. A fuel additive comprising the following components: a) solvent oil; b) the polyisobutylene succinimide betaine according to any one of claims 1 to 5; c) an organic metal compound; d) an acetylene glycol polyether; e) an antioxidant.

7. The fuel additive according to claim 6, characterized in that: The structural formula of the acetylene glycol polyether is as follows: Wherein, R2 and R3 are methyl groups, R1 and R4 are the same or different and are independently selected from alkyl groups containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms; m1 and m2 are the same or different, m1+m2=0 to 16, n1 and n2 are the same or different, n1+n2=0 to 20, and m1, m2, n1, and n2 are not 0 at the same time.

8. The fuel additive according to claim 6, wherein: The solvent oil includes alkane solvent oil with a boiling range of 60 to 200°C, aromatic solvent oil with a boiling range of 60 to 200°C, C6 to C 12 At least one of alkyl alcohols; and / or The metal organic compound includes at least one of iron naphthenate, iron petrolate, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid iron with a carbon number of 6 to 22, cerium naphthenate, cerium petrolate, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid cerium with a carbon number of 6 to 22, crown ether iron complex, porphyrin iron complex, crown ether platinum complex, porphyrin platinum complex, and ferrocene; and / or, The antioxidant includes at least one of phenylenediamine, alkylphenylenediamine, p-tert-butylphenol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

9. The fuel additive according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: Each component is calculated based on 100 parts by weight of solvent oil. 5 to 100 parts by weight of polyisobutylene succinimide betaine; preferably 20 to 60 parts by weight; 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of the metal organic compound; preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight; 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of acetylene glycol polyether; preferably 1 to 8 parts by weight; 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of antioxidant; preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight.

10. A method for preparing the fuel additive according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising uniformly mixing components comprising solvent oil, polyisobutylene succinimide betaine, a metal organic compound, an acetylene glycol polyether, and an antioxidant to obtain the fuel additive.

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