Shield tunneling machine and boulder processing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a shield tunneling machine and a boulder processing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of shield construction, the shield tunneling machine comprises a shield tunneling machine body, an HSP detector and a microwave emitter are installed on the shield tunneling machine body, a plurality of cutter head preformed holes are formed in the front end of the shield tunneling machine body, a drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit is installed in one cutter head preformed hole, and a drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit is installed in the other cutter head preformed hole. The drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit is electrically connected with the microwave emitter and comprises a directional drilling bit, a drilling rod and a pushing structure. Through combination of the HSP detector and the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill, accurate detection of the position of the boulder can be realized, the construction time from preliminary detection to fine detection to stone crushing can be greatly shortened by matching with the use of the pushing structure, the boulder is crushed in a drilling, detection and blasting integrated manner, the working efficiency can be greatly improved, and the construction cost is reduced. And the hydraulic jacking blocks are arranged in three directions of the pushing structure, so that the rock splitting efficiency of the pushing structure is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shield construction, and in particular to a shield machine and a method for processing boulders thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the tunnel excavation process in underwater soil strata such as municipal, railway and highway tunnels, different degrees of isolated rocks or bedrock intrusion are usually encountered. The shield machine is at great risk of isolated rocks. If they are not handled properly, it is easy to cause serious wear of the shield cutterhead and the shield machine to deviate from the tunnel axis, resulting in slow construction progress and increased construction costs.

[0003] At present, there are two main measures for dealing with boulders in shield tunneling at home and abroad: the first is to use blasting methods, calculate the amount of charge per hole according to the size of the boulders, and then blast them through drilling; the second is to set up a drilling rig on the ground for excavation, drill through and remove the boulders, and then backfill them. When the boulders are large, inclined shafts must be excavated to remove the boulders; a few will set up breaker hammers and other devices on the periphery of the cutterhead to break the boulders. However, according to actual construction cases and related literature, both methods have great limitations.

[0004] Blasting boulders requires strict calculation of the charge amount, and the construction during the blasting stage disturbs the surrounding strata, especially in submarine tunnel excavation. The feasibility of boulders detection and submarine blasting is poor. Although setting up a drilling rig on the ground to drill out boulders has little impact on the strata, it is difficult to implement in deep buried tunnels and underwater tunnels. Setting a breaker hammer outside the cutterhead has low construction efficiency and cannot achieve the ideal effect.

[0005] The existing technologies have the following deficiencies: (1) The existing technologies generally use electromagnetic wave cross-hole CT and borehole echo method after the shield machine excavates, which has certain effects, but the accuracy is not high. (2) After the isolated rocks are detected, the isolated rocks need to be drilled again and a plan needs to be formulated to blast them. This process is time-consuming, increases construction costs, and affects the construction progress. In particular, during the construction of underwater tunnels, it may affect the progress of the entire project. (3) Silent blasting is often used in water-rich strata, which is generally divided into expansion agents and push structures. However, expansion agents generally take 6-10 hours to react and are subject to great environmental constraints and are easily damaged by moisture. Therefore, expansion agents are difficult to use in underwater tunnels; push structures generally need to be installed manually, and this condition cannot be provided in front of the shield tunnel. (4) The existing technologies cannot solve the problem of dealing with large isolated rocks in underwater shield tunnels.

[0006] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a shield machine and a method for handling boulders thereof, so as to solve the problems of low efficiency in handling boulders, high difficulty in engineering implementation and great influence of soil disturbance when the shield machine encounters boulders during excavation in soil strata. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a shield machine and a method for processing boulders thereof to solve the above problems.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions: A shield machine comprises a shield machine body, on which an HSP detector and a microwave transmitter are installed, a plurality of cutterhead reserved holes are opened at the front end of the shield machine body, a drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit is installed in one of the cutterhead reserved holes, the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit is electrically connected to the microwave transmitter, the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit comprises a directional drill bit, a drill rod and a top-thrust structure, the drill rod is installed at the front end of the shield machine body, the top-thrust structure is sleeved on the outside of the drill rod and fixedly connected to the drill rod, and the directional drill bit is fixedly connected to the head end of the drill rod.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pushing structure includes a rod body, multiple groups of hydraulic ejector blocks and a hydraulic pump for driving the multiple groups of hydraulic ejector blocks to eject. A through hole is opened in the middle of the rod body, and the rod body is sleeved on the drill rod through the through hole. Multiple installation grooves are evenly opened on the outer wall of the rod body, and the multiple groups of hydraulic ejector blocks are respectively slidably installed in the multiple installation grooves, and the hydraulic pump is installed on the outer side of the rod body.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a plurality of oil inlets and a plurality of oil outlets are provided at the inner wall of the rod body near the mounting groove, all the oil inlets are interconnected, and the input port of one of the oil inlets is connected to the output port of the hydraulic pump, all the oil outlets are interconnected, and each of the oil inlets and each of the oil outlets are respectively connected to each group of mounting grooves; Among them, all the oil inlets are located at the back of the hydraulic top block, and all the oil outlets are located at both sides of the hydraulic top block. When the hydraulic oil enters the installation groove along the oil inlets, the hydraulic top block is ejected.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a preheating structure for performing microwave heating on the boulder is further provided on the pushing structure, the preheating structure comprising a plurality of microwave device emitting surfaces uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the rod body and a plurality of microwave device wires for connecting the microwave device emitting surfaces, all of the microwave device emitting surfaces are installed on the outer wall of the rod body, and all of the microwave device emitting surfaces are arranged on both sides of the hydraulic top block in pairs, microwave device wiring holes are provided inside the rod body and at positions on both sides of each of the mounting grooves, a microwave device connecting port for connecting two adjacent microwave device wiring holes is provided inside the rod body and at a position between two adjacent mounting grooves, all of the microwave device wires are respectively installed in all of the microwave device wiring holes and the microwave device connecting ports, and all of the microwave device wires are electrically connected to each other and connected in series to form a microwave device wire group, the input end of the microwave device wire group is connected to the microwave emitter wire, and the output end of the microwave device wire group is electrically connected to a plurality of microwave device emitting surfaces through a plurality of microwave device wires.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the rod body is cylindrical.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a groove for avoiding the hydraulic top block is provided on the side of the emitting surface of each microwave device facing the hydraulic top block.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for processing boulders using a shield machine, comprising the following steps: S1. Move the shield machine to the work site for excavation. During the excavation of the shield machine, the cutterhead generates vibration waves. At this time, the HSP detector receives feedback from the vibration waves generated by the cutterhead, thereby judging the geological conditions of the soil in front of the cutterhead; If there is a boulder ahead, the HSP detector will preliminarily detect the location of the boulder and detect the exact location of the boulder; S2. Assemble the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit at the front end of the shield machine body. During assembly, connect the hydraulic pump at the oil inlet and outlet, connect the microwave transmitter at the microwave device connection port, and then insert the rod body into the drill rod and install the directional drill bit in front; S3, after the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit is installed, the boulder is detected, and finally a hole is drilled in the boulder after the boulder is detected. When the directional drill bit with the rod body enters the hole in the boulder, the microwave transmitter is turned on, and the microwave device transmits microwaves to heat the boulder, thereby reducing the strength of the boulder itself; S4. After the intensity of the vibration wave is reduced to a certain value, the oil outlet is closed, and hydraulic oil is input into the rod body through the oil inlet. The hydraulic oil acts on the back of the hydraulic top block to push the top block out and split the isolated stone.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention combines the HSP detector with the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill to accurately detect the location of the isolated rock. In conjunction with the use of the jacking structure, the construction time from initial exploration to fine exploration and then to stone crushing can be greatly reduced. The integrated drilling, exploration and blasting method can not only save time and cost, but also greatly improve work efficiency. In addition, hydraulic top blocks are arranged in three directions of the jacking structure to improve the efficiency of the jacking structure in splitting rocks.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the strength of the boulder can be effectively reduced by combining the preheating structure with the microwave radiator, and the ejection of the hydraulic top block in three directions can greatly improve the stone crushing efficiency and extend the service life of the device. The directional drill bit combined with the microwave jacking structure can drill and blast the weak points of the boulder to achieve positioned blasting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a shield machine and a method for processing boulders thereof; Figure 2 The present invention provides Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure at A; Figure 3 A top view structural cross-sectional view of a drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit is provided for the present invention; Figure 4 The present invention provides a top and side structural cross-sectional view of a drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit.

[0019] The numbers in the figure represent the following: 1. Shield machine body; 2. Cutterhead reserved hole; 3. HSP detector; 4. Microwave transmitter; 5. Drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit; 6. Solitary rock; 7. Directional drill bit; 8. Drill rod; 9. Hydraulic top block; 10. Microwave device wiring hole; 11. Microwave device connection port; 12. Microwave device emitting surface; 13. Rod body; 14. Oil inlet; 15. Oil outlet; 16. Microwave device wire; 17. Perforation; 18. Installation slot; 19. Recess. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a shield machine and a method for processing boulders thereof, comprising a shield machine body 1, on which an HSP detector 3 and a microwave transmitter 4 are installed, a plurality of cutterhead reserved holes 2 are opened at the front end of the shield machine body 1, a drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit 5 is installed in one of the cutterhead reserved holes 2, the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit 5 is electrically connected to the microwave transmitter 4, the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit 5 comprises a directional drill bit 7, a drill rod 8 and a jacking structure, the drill rod 8 is installed at the front end of the shield machine body 1, the jacking structure is sleeved on the outside of the drill rod 8 and fixedly connected to the drill rod 8, and the directional drill bit 7 is fixedly connected to the head end of the drill rod 8.

[0022] The shield machine body 1 is moved to the work site for excavation. During the excavation of the shield machine body 1, the cutterhead will generate vibration waves. At this time, the HSP detector 3 will receive feedback from the vibration waves generated by the cutterhead, thereby judging the geological conditions of the soil in front of the cutterhead; if there is a boulder 6 in front, the HSP detector 3 will preliminarily detect the position of the boulder 6 and the precise position of the boulder 6. Subsequently, the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit 5 is assembled at the front end of the shield machine body 1. After the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit 5 is installed, the boulder 6 is detected. After the boulder 6 is detected, a hole is drilled in the boulder 6, and the boulder 6 is top-pressed and split by the top-pushing structure.

[0023] The pushing structure includes a rod body 13, multiple groups of hydraulic ejector blocks 9 and a hydraulic pump for driving the multiple groups of hydraulic ejector blocks 9 to eject. A through hole 17 is opened in the middle of the rod body 13. The rod body 13 is sleeved on the drill rod 8 through the through hole 17. The rod body 13 is cylindrical. Multiple installation grooves 18 are evenly opened on the outer wall of the rod body 13. Multiple groups of hydraulic ejector blocks 9 are respectively slidably installed in the multiple installation grooves 18, and the hydraulic pump is installed on the outer side of the rod body 13.

[0024] A plurality of oil inlets 14 and a plurality of oil outlets 15 are provided on the inner wall of the rod body 13 near the mounting groove 18. All the oil inlets 14 are connected to each other, and the input port of one of the oil inlets 14 is connected to the output port of the hydraulic pump. All the oil outlets 15 are connected to each other, and each oil inlet 14 and each oil outlet 15 are respectively connected to each group of mounting grooves 18. Among them, all the oil inlets 14 are located at the back of the hydraulic top block 9, and all the oil outlets 15 are located at both sides of the hydraulic top block 9. When the hydraulic oil enters the installation groove 18 along the oil inlet 14, the hydraulic top block 9 is ejected.

[0025] After detecting the position of the boulder 6, it is necessary to further detect the precise position of the boulder 6. At this time, the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit 5 can be assembled in one of the cutterhead reserved holes 2 of the shield machine body 1. During assembly, a hydraulic pump is connected to the oil inlet 14 and the oil outlet 15, and a microwave transmitter 4 is connected to the microwave device connection port 11. Then, the rod body 13 is inserted into the drill rod 8, and the directional drilling bit 7 is installed; then the oil outlet 15 is closed, and hydraulic oil is input into the oil inlet 14 through the hydraulic pump, so that the hydraulic oil flows through multiple oil inlets 14 into the rod body 13, and finally flows into the installation groove 18. When the hydraulic oil in the installation groove 18 increases, the hydraulic oil acts on the back of the hydraulic top block 9 to push the hydraulic top block 9 out to split the boulder 6.

[0026] It is worth noting that in order to avoid leakage of hydraulic oil, bladders for containing hydraulic oil may be provided in all mounting grooves 18, and hydraulic oil may be injected into the bladders to push the hydraulic top block 9 to move and extend.

[0027] Furthermore, one end of the hydraulic top block 9 away from the oil inlet 14 may be conical or toothed, thereby improving the efficiency of crushing the isolated stone 6 .

[0028] In the present invention, the HSP detector 3 and the integrated directional drilling and blasting can be combined to accurately detect the position of the isolated rock 6. With the use of the jacking structure, the construction time from initial exploration to fine exploration and then to stone crushing can be greatly reduced. The isolated rock 6 can be crushed in an integrated manner of drilling, exploration and blasting, which can not only save time and cost, but also greatly improve work efficiency. In addition, hydraulic top blocks 9 are arranged in three directions of the jacking structure, which improves the efficiency of the jacking structure in splitting rocks and solves the industry problem of underwater shield tunnels handling large isolated rocks 6. The present invention can be applied to a variety of geological conditions and environmental conditions, and is almost not affected by geological and environmental factors, while ensuring that the surrounding soil is less disturbed during the stone crushing process.

[0029] The push structure is also provided with a preheating structure for microwave heating of the solitary stone 6, the preheating structure comprising a plurality of microwave device emitting surfaces 12 evenly arranged on the outer wall of the rod body 13 and a plurality of microwave device wires 16 for connecting the microwave device emitting surfaces 12, all microwave device emitting surfaces 12 are installed on the outer wall of the rod body 13, and all microwave device emitting surfaces 12 are arranged on both sides of the hydraulic top block 9 in pairs, microwave device wiring holes 10 are opened inside the rod body 13 and at both sides of each mounting groove 18, and microwave device wiring holes 10 are opened inside the rod body 13 and at the positions of the two sides of each mounting groove 18. A microwave device connection port 11 for connecting two adjacent microwave device wiring holes 10 is provided at a position between two adjacent installation grooves 18. All microwave device wires 16 are respectively installed in all microwave device wiring holes 10 and microwave device connection ports 11, and all microwave device wires 16 are electrically connected and connected in series to form a microwave device wire 16 group. The input end of the microwave device wire 16 group is connected to the microwave emitter 4 wire, and the output end of the microwave device wire 16 group is electrically connected to multiple microwave device emitting surfaces 12 through multiple microwave device wires 16.

[0030] A groove 19 for avoiding the hydraulic top block 9 is formed on the side of each microwave device emitting surface 12 facing the hydraulic top block 9 .

[0031] Before crushing the boulder 6, all microwave device wires 16 are connected in series to form a microwave device wire 16 group through electrical connection between multiple microwave device wires 16, and the microwave emitter 4 is turned on to heat the boulder 6 with microwaves through the microwave device emitting surface 12, thereby reducing the strength of the boulder 6 itself. The strength of the boulder 6 can be effectively reduced by combining the preheating structure with the microwave emitter, and combined with the ejection of the three-directional hydraulic ejector 9, the stone crushing efficiency can be greatly improved and the service life of the device can be extended. After the strength is reduced to a certain value, the boulder 6 is crushed by the jacking structure, and the directional drill bit combined with the microwave jacking structure can drill and blast the weak points of the boulder 6 to achieve positioning blasting.

[0032] A method for processing isolated rocks 6 by a shield machine comprises the following steps: S1, moving the shield machine body 1 to the work site for excavation. During the excavation process of the shield machine body 1, the cutterhead generates vibration waves. At this time, the HSP detector 3 receives feedback of the vibration waves generated by the cutterhead, thereby judging the geological conditions of the soil in front of the cutterhead; If there is a boulder 6 in front, the HSP detector 3 will preliminarily detect the position of the boulder 6 and detect the precise position of the boulder 6; S2. Assemble the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit 5 at the front end of the shield machine body 1. During assembly, connect the hydraulic pump at the oil inlet 14 and the oil outlet 15, connect the microwave transmitter 4 at the microwave device connection port 11, and then insert the rod body 13 into the drill rod 8 and install the directional drilling bit 7 in front; S3, after the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit 5 is installed, the boulder 6 is detected, and finally the boulder 6 is drilled after the boulder 6 is detected. When the directional drill bit 7 with the rod body 13 enters the hole of the boulder 6, the microwave transmitter 4 is turned on, and the boulder 6 is heated by microwaves through the microwave device emission surface 12 to reduce the strength of the boulder 6 itself; S4, after the vibration wave intensity is reduced to a certain value, the oil outlet 15 is closed, and hydraulic oil is input into the rod body 13 through the oil inlet 14, and the hydraulic oil acts on the back of the hydraulic top block 9 to push the top block out and split the isolated stone 6.

[0033] The protection scope of the application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the application within the essence and protection scope of the application, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A shield machine, comprising a shield machine body (1), characterized in that: The shield machine body (1) is provided with an HSP detector (3) and a microwave transmitter (4); a plurality of cutterhead reserved holes (2) are provided at the front end of the shield machine body (1); a drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit (5) is installed in one of the cutterhead reserved holes (2); the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit (5) is electrically connected to the microwave transmitter (4); the drilling and blasting integrated directional drill bit (5) comprises a directional drill bit (7), a drill rod (8) and a top-thrust structure; the drill rod (8) is installed at the front end of the shield machine body (1); the top-thrust structure is sleeved on the outside of the drill rod (8) and is fixedly connected to the drill rod (8); and the directional drill bit (7) is fixedly connected to the head end of the drill rod (8).

2. A shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing structure comprises a rod body (13), a plurality of groups of hydraulic ejector blocks (9) and a hydraulic pump for driving the plurality of groups of hydraulic ejector blocks (9) to push out. A through hole (17) is provided in the middle of the rod body (13). The rod body (13) is sleeved on the drill rod (8) through the through hole (17). A plurality of mounting grooves (18) are evenly provided on the outer wall of the rod body (13). The plurality of groups of hydraulic ejector blocks (9) are respectively slidably mounted in the plurality of mounting grooves (18). The hydraulic pump is mounted on one side of the outside of the rod body (13).

3. A shield machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of oil inlets (14) and a plurality of oil outlets (15) are provided on the inner wall of the rod body (13) near the mounting groove (18), all the oil inlets (14) are interconnected, and an input port of one of the oil inlets (14) is connected to an output port of a hydraulic pump, all the oil outlets (15) are interconnected, and each of the oil inlets (14) and each of the oil outlets (15) are respectively connected to each group of mounting grooves (18); Wherein, all the oil inlets (14) are located on the back of the hydraulic top block (9), and all the oil outlets (15) are located on both sides of the hydraulic top block (9); when the hydraulic oil enters the mounting groove (18) along the oil inlets (14), the hydraulic top block (9) is ejected.

4. A shield machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pushing structure is also provided with a preheating structure for performing microwave heating on the boulder (6), the preheating structure comprising a plurality of microwave device emitting surfaces (12) evenly arranged on the outer wall of the rod body (13) and a plurality of microwave device wires (16) for connecting the microwave device emitting surfaces (12), all of the microwave device emitting surfaces (12) are installed on the outer wall of the rod body (13), and all of the microwave device emitting surfaces (12) are arranged in pairs on both sides of the hydraulic top block (9), microwave device wiring holes (10) are opened inside the rod body (13) and at both sides of each of the mounting grooves (18), and the rod body ( 13) and located between two adjacent installation grooves (18), a microwave device connection port (11) for connecting two adjacent microwave device wiring holes (10) is provided, all the microwave device wires (16) are respectively installed in all the microwave device wiring holes (10) and the microwave device connection port (11), and all the microwave device wires (16) are electrically connected to each other and connected in series to form a microwave device wire group, the input end of the microwave device wire group is connected to the microwave emitter (4) wire, and the output end of the microwave device wire group is electrically connected to a plurality of microwave device emitting surfaces (12) through a plurality of microwave device wires (16).

5. A shield machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rod body (13) is cylindrical.

6. A shield machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A groove (19) for avoiding the hydraulic top block (9) is provided on the side of the emitting surface (12) of each microwave device facing the hydraulic top block (9).

7. A method for treating boulders by a shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, moving the shield machine body (1) to the work site for excavation. During the excavation process of the shield machine body (1), the cutterhead generates vibration waves. At this time, the HSP detector (3) receives feedback of the vibration waves generated by the cutterhead, thereby determining the geological conditions of the soil in front of the cutterhead; If there is a boulder (6) in front, the HSP detector (3) will preliminarily detect the position of the boulder (6) and detect the precise position of the boulder (6); S2. Assemble the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit (5) at the front end of the shield machine body (1). During assembly, connect the hydraulic pump at the oil inlet (14) and the oil outlet (15), connect the microwave transmitter (4) at the microwave device connection port (11), and then insert the rod body (13) into the drill rod (8) and install the directional drilling bit (7) at the front. S3, after the integrated drilling and blasting directional drill bit (5) is installed, the boulder (6) is detected, and after the boulder (6) is finally detected, a hole is drilled in the boulder (6), and when the directional drill bit (7) with the rod body (13) enters the hole drilled in the boulder (6), the microwave transmitter (4) is turned on, and the boulder (6) is heated by microwaves through the microwave device transmitting surface (12), so as to reduce the strength of the boulder (6); S4. After the intensity of the vibration wave is reduced to a certain value, the oil outlet (15) is closed, and hydraulic oil is input into the rod body (13) through the oil inlet (14). The hydraulic oil acts on the back of the hydraulic top block (9), pushes the top block out, and splits the solitary stone (6).

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