Drilling angle lumpiness optimization method and system in bottom upward fanning hole blasting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground blasting, and discloses a drilling angle lumpiness optimization method and system in bottom upward fanning hole blasting. The method comprises the steps that a displacement detector is used for obtaining the drill hole deflection angle of a plurality of upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling holes, and under the drill hole deflection angle meeting the design requirement of the hole bottom distance, according to the hole row distances set according to different lithology, the drill hole bottom distance is obtained; the blasting construction lumpiness and blasting vibration are controlled by adjusting filling and blasting modes, delay time and one-time blasting quantity parameters; for the steeply-inclined jointed rock stratum, a VCR mining method is adopted for carrying out numerical simulation calculation and field test, blasting parameters are optimized, the filling length, explosive quantity and delay time blasting parameters of the two ends of a blast hole are determined, deep hole blasting in the steeply-inclined jointed rock stratum blasting construction is completed, and the lumpiness is made to be uniform. The mining efficiency of the goaf can be improved, maximum utilization of resources is achieved, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground blasting, and in particular relates to a method and a system for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting. Background Art

[0002] Regarding underground blasting technology, domestic and foreign scholars have formed a scientific and complete system. They have conducted in-depth research from rock property testing to the design of different blasting parameters and have achieved certain research results. In terms of rock mechanics parameter calibration, Peng Jianyu conducted relevant experimental and numerical simulation studies on the formation of blasting funnels of rocks under static stress, the fracture behavior of sandstone under the impact load of Hopkinson bar under static stress, and the blasting and crushing behavior of cement mortar samples under static stress. He studied the phenomena and laws in the dynamic fracture process of rocks under static stress and revealed the destruction mechanism of rocks under dynamic and static loads. In terms of blasting funnels, Wang Peng and others used ANSYS / LS-DYNA nonlinear three-dimensional dynamic finite element software to numerically simulate the stress distribution and propagation mechanism of rocks under multi-hole same-segment blasting. The stress distribution cloud maps at different times and the stress-time history curves of typical units were obtained. According to the results, the stress wave propagation law and the formation process of blasting funnels were studied, and the relevant factors affecting the formation of blasting funnels were discussed. In terms of rock explosiveness classification, Xue Jianguang and others established an attribute identification model for distinguishing rock explosiveness classification in engineering blasting; they selected rock density, tensile strength, impact dynamic load strength and rock integrity coefficient as identification indicators for attribute identification, effectively solving the problem of judging the difficulty of rock explosiveness.

[0003] In terms of specific blasting parameter calculation, Wang Zhaoyang et al. used statistical methods to analyze the variation characteristics of blasting parameters in two rock tunnel characteristic parameter dimensions, namely, the Proctor coefficient and cross-sectional area, and studied the objective laws of rock tunnel slot blasting by building a blasting excavation case database. The research results show that as the Proctor coefficient increases, the ultimate compressive strength of the rock increases. To ensure the blasting effect, the length of the blasthole and the unit consumption of explosives will be appropriately increased, and the single-cycle footage will also be slightly increased. However, the clamping effect caused by the high stress of the rock itself will reduce the utilization rate of the blasthole; usually, an empty hole is set to provide a new free surface for slot blasting, and the rock mass damage area close to the free surface is larger through stress wave reflection and stretching, and hard rock tunnels are more suitable for straight hole slot blasting.

[0004] In order to optimize the block size distribution of fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting, Ma Xinmin et al. obtained a prediction model for the block size distribution of blasting by linear fitting and calculated the fractal dimension of the corresponding blast pile in order to solve the problem of large block rate in fan-shaped hole blasting. The test results show that micro-difference blasting is conducive to controlling the block size rate, and interval charging of fan-shaped hole mouth is conducive to reducing the powder ore rate in medium-deep hole blasting. The numerical simulation results show that the effective peak stress at the bottom of the hole < the effective peak stress in the middle < the effective peak stress at the hole mouth, which is easy to produce large blocks at the bottom of the hole and powder ore at the hole mouth.

[0005] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are: the existing technology cannot effectively adjust the angle of the upward fan-shaped holes, cannot optimize the blasting effect, and has a relatively high rate of large blocks. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting.

[0007] The technical solution is as follows: a method for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting, the method comprising:

[0008] S1, using a displacement detector to obtain the drilling deviation angle of multiple bottom upward fan-shaped holes in the rock drilling, if the drilling deviation angle is ≤1% of the preset standard deviation, the bottom hole spacing design requirement is met; if the drilling deviation angle is greater than 1% of the preset standard deviation, the bottom hole spacing design requirement is not met; based on the obtained drilling deviation angle, the drilling state of the drill bit is regulated;

[0009] S2, at the drilling deviation angle that meets the hole bottom spacing design requirements, according to the hole spacing set for different lithologies, adjust the filling, detonation method and delay time, and the parameters of one-time blasting volume to control the blasting construction block size and blasting vibration;

[0010] S3, for steeply inclined jointed rock formations, using the acquired controlled blasting construction block size and blasting vibration mode, the VCR mining method was used for numerical simulation calculations and field tests, blasting parameters were optimized, and the blasting parameters of the filling length, charge, and delay time at both ends of the blasthole were determined. Deep hole blasting was performed under the correction of the drilling angle deviation during the blasting construction of steeply inclined jointed rock formations to make the block size uniform.

[0011] In step S1, the drilling state of the drill bit is regulated based on the obtained drilling deviation angle, including:

[0012] S101, obtain a spatial orthogonal basis based on the drilling deviation angle Among them, N h and N v are the number of columns and rows of upward fan-shaped drilling holes at the bottom of the uniform surface array; U(N h ) is ……, U(Nv )for……, ...; in the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole arrangement channel matrix, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole numbering starts from the first bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole in the first column, to the last bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole in the first column, and then continues from the second column, and so on;

[0013] Each column reflects the spatial beam direction of the array topology. The orthogonal basis of the deflection angle drilling time control area is defined as U(N f ), where N f N is the number of subcarriers included in the drilling size assigned to a drill head control terminal; f The choice of is determined by the distribution of the deflection angle drilling time control area of ​​the reference signal. The joint orthogonal basis of the airspace and the deflection angle drilling time control area is expressed as:

[0014]

[0015] Where O is the space-frequency orthogonal basis, for……;

[0016] N for the rock layer t The vector representation of the bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling arrangement channel between the uth bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling hole and the uth bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling hole at the drill bit control end at time t; Projected onto the space-frequency orthogonal basis O, the expression is:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, v u (t) is the vector of the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel in the angle delay domain, O H for……;

[0019] S102,v u The elements in (t) are close to 0, and t l Angle delay domain at the bottom of the fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel v u (t l ), and re-arrange them from large to small by absolute value The number of non-negligible angular delay positions N s The expression is:

[0020]

[0021] Where N ris the number of holes drilled in the bottom upward fan-shaped hole at the user terminal drill control end, D is the time index at the current moment, and N s is the number of non-negligible angular delay positions, For..., v u (t d ) is ..., l is the sum of the total offset angle of the non-negligible elements and the total offset angle of the channel arrangement of the fan-shaped holes and rock drilling holes at the bottom;

[0022] S103, using the linear fitting method with D+1 blast parameters Based on, predict N s The angle delay is At the moment, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel, the order N of the predictor satisfies For any n, 1≤n≤N s , the linear fitting coefficients are obtained by solving the following equations:

[0023] R(u,n)p(u,n)=-v(u,n)

[0024] In the formula, R(u,n) is..., p(u,n) is..., and v(u,n) is...

[0025] In step S101, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel consists of P diameters, and each diameter has a Doppler term p=1,…,P;p is…,j is…,ω p is..., t is..., e is...; the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel is converted to another domain; the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling array geometry, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel drilling size delay response structure determines the domain, the size of M × M discrete Fourier transform drilling hole deflection angle matrix, expressed as:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, U(M) is..., M is..., η is..., M is...

[0028] In step S102, the non-ignorable element is represented by v u,n (t),n=1,2…N s , located in the vector v u The r(n)th row of (t), the bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling arrangement channel is expressed as:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, O r(n) for…….

[0031] In step S103, when N s Calculate N when >1 d Each time, delete the first column of v(u,n,D) and append the last prediction result to the last column of v(u,n,D) until the result is calculated. The predicted value at time.

[0032] In step S2, the blasting method is one of slot hole blasting, peripheral smooth surface blasting and tunnel excavation blasting full-section blasting;

[0033] In the adjustment of the blasting volume parameters, the explosive material model is constructed. In ANSYS / LS-DYNA, the explosive material model adopts the high-energy explosive material model MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN, and the JWL state equation is used to simulate the explosion of the explosive during the blasting process;

[0034] The JWl state equation relationship when the explosive explodes is:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, A, B, R1, R2, ω represent material constants respectively, P is pressure, V is relative volume, E0 is internal energy per unit volume, e is ..., v is ...;

[0037] According to the JWL state equation during explosive explosion, the explosive charge and filling length are obtained in combination with the hole diameter and hole depth of the upward fan-shaped holes at the bottom. The blasting parameters of the arrangement of interval charges of the upward fan-shaped holes at the bottom are obtained by the linear fitting method, so that the effective peak stress at the bottom of the hole, the effective peak stress in the middle, and the effective peak stress at the hole mouth are equal.

[0038] In step S3, the VCR mining method is used to perform numerical simulation calculations and field tests, including: applying outlier decomposition to the blasting parameter matrix, deleting the contribution of small outliers, estimating p(u,v), and the SVD decomposition of G(u,n) is expressed as:

[0039] G(u,n)=U(u,n)∑(u,n)V H (u,n)

[0040] In the formula, G(u,n) is..., U(u,n) is..., ∑(u,n) is..., V H (u,n) is…

[0041] Furthermore, outlier decomposition is applied to the burst parameter matrix, including: using statistical information to reduce the abnormal burst pressure of the burst parameters, and the channel estimation with the abnormal burst pressure of the burst parameters is modeled as:

[0042] hu (f,t)=h u (f,t)+n u (f,t)

[0043] In the formula, h u (f, t) is the accurate channel vector between all rock formation boreholes and the u-th borehole of the drill bit at time t and the deviation angle drilling time control interval f, n u (f,t) has zero mean and covariance The independent and identically distributed complex Gaussian blow-up parameters and abnormal blow-up pressure.

[0044] Furthermore, the model is built from the channel estimation of the abnormal burst pressure with burst parameters to obtain:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, R is ……, R is ……, n r For..., σ n is..., I is...;

[0047] in,

[0048] R=E{H F (f,t)H(f,t)}

[0049] In the formula, E{} is ..., H F (f, t) is ..., H(f, t) is the exact channel;

[0050] Some eigenvalues ​​of R are close to 0. R The characteristic decomposition of R = U∑U H , by averaging R Several minimum eigenvalues ​​of blasting parameters to obtain abnormal blasting pressure and power estimation An optimal linear filter w is derived to process the abnormal burst pressure of channel burst parameters, and the expression is:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, W is..., E{} is..., and H(f,t) is...

[0053] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting, the system implementing the method for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting, the system comprising:

[0054] A displacement detector is used to obtain the borehole deviation angles in multiple bottom upward fan-shaped rock drilling holes. If the borehole deviation angle is ≤1% of the preset standard deviation, the design requirement of the hole bottom spacing is met; if the borehole deviation angle is greater than 1% of the preset standard deviation, the design requirement of the hole bottom spacing is not met; the drill bit excavation state is regulated based on the obtained borehole deviation angle;

[0055] The blasting construction block size and blasting vibration control module is used to adjust the filling, detonation method and delay time, and one-time blasting volume parameters to control the blasting construction block size and blasting vibration according to the hole spacing set for different lithologies at the drilling deviation angle that meets the hole bottom spacing design requirements;

[0056] The blasting parameter determination module is used to optimize the blasting parameters for steeply inclined jointed rock formations. It uses the acquired controlled blasting construction block size and blasting vibration mode, adopts the VCR mining method to perform numerical simulation calculations and field tests, determines the blasting parameters of the filling length, charge, and delay time at both ends of the blasthole, and completes deep hole blasting under the correction of the drilling angle deviation during the blasting construction of steeply inclined jointed rock formations to make the block size uniform.

[0057] Combined with all the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the optimization of the blasting parameters of the upward fan-shaped holes at the bottom can effectively adjust the hole arrangement angle of the upward fan-shaped holes, optimize the blasting effect, and reduce the rate of large pieces; the optimization of the blasting parameters of the VCR mining method can improve the energy utilization of explosives, improve the blasting effect, and reduce the rate of large pieces. It can improve the efficiency of goaf recovery, maximize resource utilization, and improve economic benefits. By adjusting the reasonable delay time between holes and the charging structure of the fan-shaped hole mouth for medium-deep hole blasting, the block size distribution of medium-deep hole blasting can be effectively controlled, which is conducive to improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure;

[0059] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a method for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 It is a diagram of a system for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] In the figure: 1. Displacement detector; 2. Blasting construction block size and blasting vibration control module; 3. Blasting parameter determination module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0063] Embodiment 1, in the bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting technology, comprises:

[0064] 1) Key technologies of upward fan-shaped hole blasting.

[0065] a. Research on the spacing parameters of upward fan-shaped holes. Good blasthole construction quality is the guarantee for subsequent operations, so the problem of drilling deviation is the first step to be solved. Designing a reasonable drilling angle to ensure that the hole bottom spacing meets the design requirements is a prerequisite for subsequent blasting quality and controlling the large block rate.

[0066] b. Block size control: set reasonable hole spacing according to different rock types, and control the blasting construction block size and blasting vibration by adjusting parameters such as filling, detonation method and delay time, and one-time blasting volume.

[0067] 2) Deep hole blasting technology in steeply inclined joints.

[0068] In view of the large number of steeply inclined jointed rock strata in the middle section of 3700 in Malkang lithium mine, numerical simulation calculations and field tests were carried out to optimize blasting parameters, thereby solving problems such as deviation of drilling angles, uneven block size (high rate of large blocks), poor rock explosiveness, etc. in blasting construction of inclined rock strata, improving blasting quality and optimizing blasting effects.

[0069] VCR mining method blasting parameters.

[0070] 1) For the thickness of the ore layer above 20m in Maerkang lithium mine, numerical simulation calculation and parameter verification of VCR mining method blasting were carried out to determine the blasting parameters such as the filling length, charge amount, delay time at both ends of the blasthole, and statistics and optimization of the blasting block size of the deep hole in the mine to improve the mining efficiency.

[0071] 2) Monitor the impact of blasting vibration on the stability of underground chamber structures, study the propagation law of blasting vibration, reduce blasting vibration by optimizing blasting parameters, and ensure the safety and stability of mining structures.

[0072] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the method for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0073] S1, using a displacement detector to obtain the drilling deviation angle of multiple bottom upward fan-shaped holes in the rock drilling, if the drilling deviation angle is ≤1% of the preset standard deviation, the bottom hole spacing design requirement is met; if the drilling deviation angle is greater than 1% of the preset standard deviation, the bottom hole spacing design requirement is not met; based on the obtained drilling deviation angle, the drilling state of the drill bit is regulated;

[0074] S2, at the drilling deviation angle that meets the hole bottom spacing design requirements, according to the hole spacing set for different lithologies, adjust the filling, detonation method and delay time, and the parameters of one-time blasting volume to control the blasting construction block size and blasting vibration;

[0075] S3, for steeply inclined jointed rock formations, using the acquired controlled blasting construction block size and blasting vibration mode, the VCR mining method was used for numerical simulation calculations and field tests, blasting parameters were optimized, and the blasting parameters of the filling length, charge, and delay time at both ends of the blasthole were determined. Deep hole blasting was performed under the correction of the drilling angle deviation during the blasting construction of steeply inclined jointed rock formations to make the block size uniform.

[0076] Exemplarily, in step S1, adjusting the drilling state of the drill bit based on the obtained drilling deviation angle includes:

[0077] S101, obtain a spatial orthogonal basis based on the drilling deviation angle Among them, N h and N v are the number of columns and rows of upward fan-shaped drilling holes at the bottom of the uniform surface array; U(N h ) is ……, U(N v )for……, ...; in the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole arrangement channel matrix, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole numbering starts from the first bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole in the first column, to the last bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole in the first column, and then continues from the second column, and so on;

[0078] Each column reflects the spatial beam direction of the array topology. The orthogonal basis of the deflection angle drilling time control area is defined as U(N f ), where N f N is the number of subcarriers included in the drilling size assigned to a drill head control terminal; f The choice of is determined by the distribution of the deflection angle drilling time control area of ​​the reference signal. The joint orthogonal basis of the airspace and the deflection angle drilling time control area is expressed as:

[0079]

[0080] Where O is the space-frequency orthogonal basis, for……;

[0081] N for the rock layer t The vector representation of the bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling arrangement channel between the uth bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling hole and the uth bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling hole at the drill bit control end at time t; Projected onto the space-frequency orthogonal basis O, the expression is:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, v u (t) is the vector of the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel in the angle delay domain, O H for……;

[0084] S102,v u The elements in (t) are close to 0, and t l Angle delay domain at the bottom of the fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel v u (t l ), and re-arrange them from large to small by absolute value The number of non-negligible angular delay positions N s The expression is:

[0085]

[0086] Where N r is the number of holes drilled in the bottom upward fan-shaped hole at the user terminal drill control end, D is the time index at the current moment, and N s is the number of non-negligible angular delay positions, For..., v u (t d ) is ..., l is the sum of the total offset angle of the non-negligible elements and the total offset angle of the channel arrangement of the fan-shaped holes and rock drilling holes at the bottom;

[0087] S103, using the linear fitting method with D+1 blast parameters Based on, predict N s The angle delay is At the moment, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel, the order N of the predictor satisfies For any n, 1≤n≤N s , the linear fitting coefficients are obtained by solving the following equations:

[0088] R(u,n)p(u,n)=-v(u,n)

[0089] In the formula, R(u,n) is..., p(u,n) is..., and v(u,n) is...

[0090] For example, in step S101, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel is composed of P diameters, and each diameter has a Doppler term p=1,…,P;p is…,j is…,ω p is..., t is..., e is...; the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel is converted to another domain; the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling array geometry, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel drilling size delay response structure determines the domain, the size of M × M discrete Fourier transform drilling hole deflection angle matrix, expressed as:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, U(M) is..., M is..., η is..., M is...

[0093] In step S102, the non-ignorable element is represented by v u,n (t),n=1,2…N s , located in the vector v u The r(t)th row of (t) shows that the bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling arrangement channel is expressed as:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, O r(n) for…….

[0096] In step S103, when N s Calculate N when >1 d Each time, delete the first column of v(u,n,D) and append the last prediction result to the last column of v(u,n,D) until the result is calculated. The predicted value at time.

[0097] In step S2, the blasting method is one of slot hole blasting, peripheral smooth surface blasting and tunnel excavation blasting full-section blasting;

[0098] In the adjustment of the blasting volume parameters, the explosive material model is constructed. In ANSYS / LS-DYNA, the explosive material model adopts the high-energy explosive material model MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN, and the JWL state equation is used to simulate the explosion of the explosive during the blasting process;

[0099] The JWL state equation relationship when the explosive explodes is:

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, A, B, R1, R2, ω represent material constants respectively, P is pressure, V is relative volume, E0 is internal energy per unit volume, e is ..., v is ...;

[0102] According to the JWL state equation during explosive explosion, the explosive charge and filling length are obtained in combination with the hole diameter and hole depth of the upward fan-shaped holes at the bottom. The blasting parameters of the arrangement of interval charges of the upward fan-shaped holes at the bottom are obtained by the linear fitting method, so that the effective peak stress at the bottom of the hole, the effective peak stress in the middle, and the effective peak stress at the hole mouth are equal.

[0103] Exemplarily, in step S3, the VCR mining method is used to perform numerical simulation calculations and field tests, including: applying outlier decomposition to the blasting parameter matrix, deleting the contribution of small outliers, estimating p(u,v), and the SVD decomposition of G(u,n) is expressed as:

[0104] G(u,n)=U(u,n)∑(u,n)V H (u,n)

[0105] In the formula, G(u,n) is..., U(u,n) is..., ∑(u,n) is..., V H (u,n) is…

[0106] Exemplarily, applying outlier decomposition to a burst parameter matrix includes: using statistical information to reduce the abnormal burst pressure of the burst parameter, and the channel estimation with the abnormal burst pressure of the burst parameter is modeled as:

[0107] h u (f,t)=h u (f,t)+n u (f,t)

[0108] In the formula, h u (f, t) is the accurate channel vector between all rock formation boreholes and the u-th borehole of the drill bit at time t and the deviation angle drilling time control interval f, n u (f,t) has zero mean and covariance The independent and identically distributed complex Gaussian blow-up parameters and abnormal blow-up pressure.

[0109] Exemplarily, the model is built from the channel estimation of the abnormal burst pressure with burst parameters to obtain:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, R is ……, R is ……, n r For..., σ n is..., I is...;

[0112] in,

[0113] R=E{H F (f,t)H(f,t)}

[0114] In the formula, E{} is..., H F (f, t) is ..., H(f, t) is the exact channel;

[0115] Some eigenvalues ​​of R are close to 0. R The characteristic decomposition of R = U∑U H , by averaging R Several minimum eigenvalues ​​of blasting parameters to obtain abnormal blasting pressure and power estimation An optimal linear filter w is derived to process the abnormal burst pressure of channel burst parameters, and the expression is:

[0116]

[0117] In the formula, W is..., E{} is..., and H(f,t) is...

[0118] like Figure 2 As shown, the drilling angle block optimization system in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0119] A displacement detector 1 is used to obtain the borehole deviation angles in a plurality of bottom upward fan-shaped rock drilling holes. If the borehole deviation angle is ≤1% of the preset standard deviation, the design requirement of the hole bottom spacing is met; if the borehole deviation angle is greater than 1% of the preset standard deviation, the design requirement of the hole bottom spacing is not met; and the drilling state of the drill bit is regulated based on the obtained borehole deviation angle;

[0120] The blasting construction block size and blasting vibration control module 2 is used to adjust the filling, detonation method and delay time, and one-time blasting volume parameters to control the blasting construction block size and blasting vibration according to the hole row spacing set for different lithologies at a drilling deviation angle that meets the hole bottom spacing design requirements;

[0121] The blasting parameter determination module 3 is used for the steeply inclined jointed rock formation, using the obtained control blasting construction block size and blasting vibration mode, using the VCR mining method to perform numerical simulation calculations and field tests, optimize the blasting parameters, determine the filling length, charge, and delay time blasting parameters at both ends of the blasthole, and complete the deep hole blasting under the correction of the drilling angle deviation in the blasting construction of the steeply inclined jointed rock formation to make the block size uniform. Example 2, to further describe the technical features of the present invention, the relevant technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0122] (1) Static and dynamic tests on lithium ore rock mass and blastability classification.

[0123] (1.1) Static test and acoustic wave test.

[0124] Static mechanical tests are carried out on mineral rocks with different lithologies and different degrees of joint development to obtain their mechanical parameters such as static tensile and compressive strength, and acoustic wave tests are carried out to obtain basic parameters such as wave velocity, thereby providing data support for subsequent tests.

[0125] (1.2) Dynamic mechanical properties test of rock mass.

[0126] a. Carry out dynamic mechanical properties test of ore rock, conduct dynamic compression and dynamic tensile test by SHPB dynamic impact test device, obtain dynamic crushing energy consumption curve of ore rock, and clarify the influence of the degree of development of ore rock joints on rock crushing block size and energy consumption.

[0127] b. Conduct dynamic mechanical properties tests on rock mass with confining pressure, carry out dynamic mechanical tests under uniaxial and triaxial confining pressure, obtain the stress changes and deformation characteristics of rock mass in the dynamic destruction process under geostress conditions, obtain the deformation characteristics and time curve of rock mass in the dynamic excavation process, and clarify the influence of dynamic changes of confining pressure on the mechanical properties of lithium ore rock.

[0128] (1.3) Explosibility classification.

[0129] By sorting out and analyzing many parameters such as rock compressive strength, bulk density, rock integrity and engineering geological parameters, a weight model was established through mathematical analysis software to determine the key parameters affecting rock blastability. A simple and effective lithium ore blastability classification standard was established based on the actual situation at the mine site, providing a standardized reference and system design basis for subsequent blasting parameter design.

[0130] (2) Explosion funnel test.

[0131] (2.1) Design a blasting funnel test based on the dynamic mechanical properties of the ore rock to determine the optimal unit consumption of different types of surrounding rock and ore rock and the influence of different joint development degrees on the degree of rock crushing and fragment throwing.

[0132] (2.2) Based on the results of the single-hole blasting funnel test, a multi-hole blasting funnel test was designed and a multi-hole slot blasting test was conducted to determine the effects of parameters such as hole spacing and delay time on important evaluation parameters such as the blasting funnel volume and depth.

[0133] Among them, the optimization of tunnel excavation blasting parameters includes:

[0134] (1) Optimization of slot hole blasting parameters.

[0135] (1.1) Research on optimization of slot blasting parameters for rock mass with developed joints. For rock mass with developed joints during tunnel excavation, slot blasting tests were carried out. Through numerical simulation and field tests, important parameters such as reasonable charge amount, uncoupling coefficient, number of empty holes, hole spacing, and delay time in slot blasting for rock mass with developed joints were determined to improve the slotting quality and provide sufficient additional space for subsequent blasting.

[0136] (1.2) Research on optimization of slot hole blasting parameters for lithium ore viscous rock mass. In order to solve the problems of high bulk rate and low rock crushing degree in the blasting process of lithium ore rock during tunnel excavation construction, slot hole blasting tests were carried out. Through numerical simulation calculation and field tests, important parameters such as reasonable amount of explosives, number of empty holes, hole spacing, delay time, etc. in slot blasting of viscous rock mass were determined to improve the slotting quality and provide sufficient additional space for subsequent blasting.

[0137] (2) Optimization of peripheral smooth blasting parameters.

[0138] (2.1) Research on optimization of smooth blasting parameters around rock masses with developed joints. Smooth blasting tests are carried out on rock masses with developed joints during tunnel excavation. Through numerical simulation and field tests, important parameters such as reasonable charge amount, uncoupling coefficient, hole spacing, and delay time in smooth blasting of rock masses with developed joints are determined to improve the half-porosity and footage length, ensure the integrity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and enhance the safety and stability of the surrounding rock.

[0139] (2.2) Research on optimization of smooth blasting parameters around lithium ore viscous rock mass. In order to solve the problems of low explosiveness and low rock fragmentation during blasting of lithium ore rock in tunnel excavation construction, smooth blasting tests were carried out. Through numerical simulation calculations and field tests, important parameters such as reasonable amount of explosives, uncoupling coefficient, hole spacing, delay time, etc. in smooth blasting of viscous rock mass were determined to improve the semi-porosity and footage length, ensure the integrity of the tunnel surrounding rock, and improve the safety and stability of the surrounding rock.

[0140] (3) Research on full-section blasting design for tunnel excavation blasting.

[0141] (3.1) Research on optimization of blasting parameters for tunnel excavation in rock mass with developed joints. Combined with blasting funnel test and slotting and smooth blasting test, a reasonable tunnel excavation blasting network design is formulated. Through numerical simulation and field test, the optimal combination of parameters such as charge amount, hole spacing, delay time, and uncoupling coefficient is selected to ensure that important indicators such as tunnel advance and tunnel boundary during the construction of tunnel excavation in rock mass with developed joints meet the relevant design requirements.

[0142] Embodiment 3, the relevant specific implementation means of the present invention are as follows.

[0143] (1) Static and dynamic mechanical properties test of rock.

[0144] 1) Analysis of mechanical properties of rock foundation.

[0145] In order to obtain the basic mechanical parameters of the rock in the underground mine study area, the YAW-600 pressure testing machine was used to conduct static tests on the rock to determine the mechanical parameters of the specimens, such as uniaxial compression strength, conventional triaxial compression strength, shear resistance, tension, elastic modulus, etc. The experimental process was carried out in accordance with the test method recommended by the "Railway Engineering Rock Test Code" (TB10115-2014). The RSM-SY5 acoustic wave tester and its matching longitudinal wave transducer were used to measure the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock.

[0146] This test requires applying different axial pressures and confining pressures to the rock specimens, and requires equipment with active confining pressure loading function. Therefore, a three-dimensional SHPB test system from a university was finally selected, which can apply active confining pressures in the range of 0 to 100 MPa and axial static pressures in the range of 0 to 200 MPa to the rock specimens, and can generate impact loads of 0 to 500 MPa, and can achieve a wide range of high strain rates (100 to 10 3 s -1 ) loading. The test was completed in a rock mechanics laboratory of a university.

[0147] (2) Classification of blastability of ore and rock.

[0148] Rock blastability refers to the resistance of rock to blasting or the difficulty of blasting rock. It is a comprehensive reflection of the physical and mechanical properties of rock under dynamic load. Explosibility classification is to divide rock into grades of blastability based on quantitative indicators of rock blastability. It is an important basis for formulating blasting quotas, selecting blasting parameters, and conducting blasting design. It is also one of the scientific bases for the management of mining enterprises. Engineering practice has proved that the establishment of reasonable classification standards has a significant effect on improving the quality of blasting construction, accelerating project progress, and reducing construction costs. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately classify the blastability of rock mass. The commonly used quantitative methods are as follows:

[0149] 1) Pusch rock solidity classification.

[0150] In 1926, Protokyakov (M.M.Протодьяконову) proposed to use the rock strength coefficient f as the main criterion, which is the famous Protokya classification method. The rock strength coefficient f represents the relative value of rock resistance to crushing. Because rock has the strongest compressive resistance, 1 / 10 of the rock's uniaxial compressive strength limit is taken as the rock's strength coefficient. The calculation formula of the rock strength coefficient is simple and clear, and the f value can be used to predict the rock's ability to resist crushing and its stability after drilling. According to the rock strength coefficient f, rocks can be divided into 10 levels, and the higher the level, the easier it is to break.

[0151] 2) Single factor classification method for explosiveness.

[0152] a. AH Khanukayev classified according to wave impedance.

[0153] The wave impedance of rock is the product of longitudinal wave velocity and rock density. It means the unit movement velocity of rock particles during blasting and the magnitude of stress that can be derived in the rock. AH Khanukayev of the Soviet Union studied the wave impedance of rock as a basis for blasting classification, which is a major progress in the study of rock blasting, because this indicator is measured in the rock mass on site, and the test instrument and test method are relatively simple. A large number of experimental studies have shown that the wave impedance of rock mass is not only related to the physical and mechanical properties of rock, but also depends on the fracture structure characteristics of rock.

[0154] b. B.K. Rubtsov estimated the grading of blasting fragments.

[0155] Different unit consumption of explosives will produce different bulk rates. Rubtsov stipulated the following standard blasting conditions: the diameter of the blasthole is not greater than 0.02 times the step height, the number of single-row blasting holes is not less than 5, the super-depth is not greater than 0.15 times the chassis resistance line, the blasthole proximity coefficient is 1, No. 6 waterproof ammonium nitrate explosive is used, continuous charging, the filling coefficient is 0.5, and instantaneous detonation.

[0156] c. B.B. Rizhevsky classified according to standard explosive consumption q.

[0157] Academician Rizhevsky of the Soviet Academy of Sciences suggested that the explosiveness of rock should be determined by the standard explosive consumption q, which is closely related to the cracks.

[0158] d. CW Livingston's optimal bursting funnel indicator.

[0159] CW Livingston developed a method to determine rock explosiveness through blasting funnel experiments when studying the law of loose blasting funnels. Livingston used the relationship that the minimum resistance line is proportional to the cube root of the amount of explosive.

[0160] 3) Multi-factor classification method for explosiveness.

[0161] a. B.H. Kutuzov comprehensive explosiveness classification.

[0162] This classification method combines multiple factors such as explosive consumption, rock strength and rock mass cracks, with explosive consumption as the main factor. The standard conditions for explosive consumption are: step height 10-15m, blast hole diameter 243mm. Ammonium ladder explosive, explosion heat 4190KJ / Kg. A large amount of statistical data shows that the deviation (mean square error) of explosive consumption is proportional to the 2 / 3 power of explosive consumption.

[0163] b. Comprehensive classification of rock explosiveness by Niu Qiang et al.

[0164] This classification method mainly considers the volume of the blasting funnel, the distribution of blasting fragments, and the relationship between rock wave impedance and rock blastability. The standard conditions are as follows: directly select a representative rock section at the blasting site of the mine to be classified, and drill vertical holes on a relatively complete rock mass with a free surface. The blasthole diameter is 45mm, the hole depth is 1m, and the hole spacing is 2m; No. 2 rock ammonium nitrate explosive is used, the charge amount per hole is 0.45Kg, continuous charging, gun mud plugging, and one No. 8 detonator is detonated. Test method: Before charging, use an ultrasonic instrument to measure the elastic longitudinal wave velocity of the rock mass. After charging and blasting, measure the large block rate (greater than 300mm), small block rate (less than 50mm), and average qualified rate (the cumulative average value of 50-100mm, 100-200mm and 200-300mm) of the blast pile rock, and measure and calculate the volume of the blasting funnel.

[0165] 4) Rock blastability classification using grey system theory.

[0166] a. Selection of grading indicators.

[0167] There are dozens of factors that affect the quality of rock blasting, and their combined effect determines the quality of rock blasting. However, due to the different purposes of theoretical analysis and field tests, and the limitations of various objective conditions, it is impossible and unnecessary to reflect all the influencing factors. Therefore, how to simply and reliably determine the main factors affecting the quality of rock blasting from many factors has become a basic problem in the theoretical and applied research of rock blasting, and is also a prerequisite for accurately controlling and predicting the quality of blasting. In the actual engineering system, only part of the attributes or properties of the system are often known, while the other part of the properties are unknown or uncertain. Therefore, the rock engineering geological system can be considered as a gray system. When it is required to judge the blastability level of the system, according to the gray system theory, this is actually a hierarchical decision clustering problem. At this time, the gray parameter is used to describe the system, that is, the grading index of the blastability level is expressed by the gray number. In this way, the gray clustering method in the gray system theory can be used to judge the blastability of rock.

[0168] The following two principles are followed: (1) it can reflect the explosive properties of the rock mass more comprehensively from different aspects; (2) it can be easily obtained through experiments or field tests. The rock strength coefficient f, the wave impedance of the rock, the unit consumption of explosives and the average crack spacing of the rock mass can be used as evaluation indicators for the explosiveness of the rock.

[0169] b. Grey clustering classification of rock blastability.

[0170] Let k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 be typical categories, i = Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ be clustering elements, and j = 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# be clustering indices. Grey clustering classification method is to distinguish the categories to which clustering elements belong under clustering indices.

[0171] Firstly, according to the research results and habits of rock blastability classification, rocks are divided into five typical categories according to the difficulty of blastability, namely, easy to explode, medium to explode, difficult to explode and extremely difficult to explode. According to the grey system theory, they are regarded as typical categories k, k{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, and the factors affecting rock blastability are summarized into four indicators as clustering indicators j, j(1#, 2#, 3#, 4#), and the rock mass to be evaluated is regarded as clustering elements i, i{Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ}.

[0172] It is very important to choose a classification method for the explosiveness level of the lithium ore rock blasting project in the Dangba mining area, which directly affects whether the explosiveness is accurately used to guide the construction. It is planned to study the rock explosiveness classification in this project.

[0173] (3) Explosion funnel test.

[0174] 1) Single hole blasting funnel test.

[0175] The blastholes are arranged on the waistline of the test tunnel, that is, 1.2m away from the tunnel floor. The rock drill drills 18 (two groups) Φ40mm blastholes vertically on the tunnel side, with a drilling spacing of 1.5m. The designed blasthole depths are: 0.40m, 0.65m, 0.50m, 0.55m, 0.60m, 0.65m, 0.70m, 0.80m, 0.90m; the blastholes are arranged vertically on the free surface.

[0176] In order to ensure the reliability of the data obtained from the blasting funnel test, the rock powder left in the blasthole should be blown clean with water before charging, and the blasthole filling is strictly in accordance with the design requirements. Therefore, after charging, it must be filled with gun mud that meets the safety requirements and tamped. Gun mud is usually mixed with mud and sand at a ratio of 1:3, with a humidity of 18% to 20%. This gun mud has both good plasticity and a large friction coefficient. The blasting is initiated by digital electronic detonators, and one hole is blasted each time. Through the single-hole blasting funnel test, the optimal blasting funnel depth is sought.

[0177] 2) The purpose of conducting variable hole spacing multi-hole same-section blasting funnel test is to study the blasting conditions of the ore and rock at the bottom of the blasting funnel formed when the hole spacing of two adjacent blast holes changes, so as to determine the reasonable range of the hole bottom distance and provide a basis for the subsequent design of the parameters of the deep stope blasting hole network. The optimal blasting funnel depth obtained from the single hole blasting funnel test was selected as the charging depth, and the variable hole spacing same-section blasting funnel test was carried out to calculate the unit explosive consumption q under the same-section blasting condition. In the variable hole spacing same-section blasting test, the blast hole spacing was designed to be a multiple of the optimal blasting funnel radius, and multi-hole same-section blasting was carried out, and the blast holes were perpendicular to the tunnel side.

[0178] 3) According to the blasting principle, when the charge is blasted, when the minimum resistance line is less than or equal to the radius of its destruction zone, the rock will be thrown or exploded, and when the resistance line is greater than its destruction radius, the charge will only produce internal explosion and cannot blast the charge to the rock on the free surface. Therefore, the resistance line is an important parameter of blasting. Based on this, the detailed parameters of horizontal medium and deep hole blasting, ore-gathering slot blasting, and eastern boundary deep hole blasting are designed.

[0179] (4) Slot blasting parameters.

[0180] a. Determine the scope of the explosion stress wave fracture zone. Slot blasting is carried out under the condition of only one free surface. It is difficult to break the rock by blasting. Its rock breaking effect can be regarded as the superposition of the blasting effects of each slot hole. The slot hole charges detonated at the same time form radial and circumferential fractures around the blast hole, and converge into a spatial fracture network in the slot cavity, which cuts the rock into fragments and throws them out under the expansion of the detonation gas. Therefore, to ensure that the rock is fully broken, the arrangement diameter of the slot hole must meet the design requirements.

[0181] b. Deep hole linear slotting uses the space of empty holes to provide free surface and additional space for the blasted rock. Therefore, the reserved space for each slotting blasting should meet the requirements of rock crushing and expansion. The blasting additional space requirements of the ore rock are determined through numerical simulation and field tests to ensure the ore rock crushing effect. The number of intermediate empty holes and the hole layout are determined through field tests.

[0182] The present invention relates to an instrument and equipment for experimental application.

[0183] A university laboratory is equipped with relatively complete test equipment, including DH3817 dynamic and static strain test system, RSM-SY5 (T) non-metallic acoustic wave detector, digital ultrasonic flaw detector (CTS-2000Plus), IDT high-speed camera, press, three-dimensional dynamic and static combination SHPB and other experimental and testing equipment, which can provide support for the static load and cyclic dynamic load combined impact mechanics test of the present invention. Based on the physical and mechanical parameters and explosiveness levels measured by different minerals and rocks, the present invention studies different blasting parameter combinations for various blasting operation requirements in different regions and environments, and can provide system support for mine blasting operations;

[0184] The present invention studies the changes in blasting parameters under different blasting operation requirements, studies the influence of relevant parameters such as explosive unit consumption, minimum resistance line and uncoupling coefficient on blasting effect, and establishes corresponding calculation models; while enriching the theory of broken rock movement, it can guide the development of parameter optimization work.

[0185] The blasting parameter design system of the present invention can reduce the economic investment of enterprises in underground mine blasting, reduce production costs, improve operation efficiency, and improve safety and economy. It has important theoretical and practical significance for ensuring safe production in mines and improving economic benefits.

[0186] The present invention calculates an economically reasonable bottom upward fan-shaped hole arrangement method through the bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting technology. On the basis of the previous research, a blasting sequence suitable for the characteristics of upward fan-shaped hole blasting in a certain mining area of ​​lithium ore is further proposed to ensure the blasting effect. Blasting vibration monitoring work is carried out to study the blasting attenuation law to guide blasting design and control the harmful effects of blasting vibration.

[0187] Example 3: Determination of material constitutive model and parameters.

[0188] a. Rock mass constitutive structure and parameters.

[0189] The rock material model adopts the constitutive model such as "*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC" or "MAT_HJC". The specific parameters will be determined according to the static and dynamic mechanical test results of the rock after the project is carried out.

[0190] b. Explosive material model.

[0191] In ANSYS / LS-DYNA, the explosive material model uses the high-energy explosive material model “*MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN” and uses the JWL state equation to simulate the explosion of the explosive during the blasting process. Its parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0192] Table 1 Explosive material model parameters

[0193]

[0194] The JWL state equation relationship when the explosive explodes is:

[0195]

[0196] Where: A, B, R1, R2, ω—material constants; P—pressure, pa; V—relative volume, m 3 ; E0—internal energy per unit volume, pa. The parameters in the formula are shown in Table 2.

[0197] Table 2 Parameters of JWL state equation

[0198] Mat A / (Gpa) B / (Gpa) <![CDATA[R1]]> <![CDATA[R2]]> ω E / (Gpa) <![CDATA[V0]]> Explosives 214 1.82 4.16 0.96 0.3 4.192 0

[0199] c. Air material model.

[0200] The air material model uses the blank material “*MAT_NULL”, and its parameters are shown in Table 3.

[0201] Table 3 Air material model parameters

[0202] Mat <![CDATA[ρ(kg·m -3 )]]> pc mu Terod cerod ym pr rock 1.29 0 0 0 0 0 0

[0203] The LINEAR-POLYNOMIAL state equation of air fluid is:

[0204] P=C0+C1μ+C2μ 2 +C3μ 3 +(C4+C5μ+C6μ 2 )E0

[0205] μ=ρ / ρ0-1

[0206] Where: P—pressure, pa; E0—internal energy per unit volume, MPa; ρ—density, kg·m -3 ; ρ0—reference density, kg·m -3 ; C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 are real constants.

[0207] The parameters in the formula are shown in Table 4.

[0208] Table 4 Parameters of LINEAR-POLYNOMIAL equation of state

[0209] Mat <![CDATA[C0]]> <![CDATA[C1]]> <![CDATA[C2]]> <![CDATA[C3]]> <![CDATA[C4]]> <![CDATA[C5]]> <![CDATA[C6]]> <![CDATA[E0]]> <![CDATA[V0]]> Air <![CDATA[-1E -6 ]]> 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0 <![CDATA[2.5E -6 ]]> 0

[0210] 3) Model construction and calculation.

[0211] The model is constructed strictly in accordance with the scale model consistent with the site dimensions.

[0212] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting, characterized in that: The method includes: S1, using a displacement detector to obtain the drilling deviation angle of multiple bottom upward fan-shaped holes in the rock drilling, if the drilling deviation angle is ≤1% of the preset standard deviation, the bottom hole spacing design requirement is met; if the drilling deviation angle is greater than 1% of the preset standard deviation, the bottom hole spacing design requirement is not met; based on the obtained drilling deviation angle, the drilling state of the drill bit is regulated; S2, at the drilling deviation angle that meets the hole bottom spacing design requirements, according to the hole spacing set for different lithologies, adjust the filling, detonation method and delay time, and the parameters of one-time blasting volume to control the blasting construction block size and blasting vibration; S3, for steeply inclined jointed rock formations, using the acquired controlled blasting construction block size and blasting vibration mode, the VCR mining method was used for numerical simulation calculations and field tests, blasting parameters were optimized, and the blasting parameters of the filling length, charge, and delay time at both ends of the blasthole were determined. Deep hole blasting was performed under the correction of the drilling angle deviation during the blasting construction of steeply inclined jointed rock formations to make the block size uniform.

2. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the drilling state of the drill bit is regulated based on the obtained drilling deviation angle, including: S101, obtain a spatial orthogonal basis based on the drilling deviation angle Among them, N h and N v are the number of columns and rows of upward fan-shaped drilling holes at the bottom of the uniform surface array; U(N h ) is ……, U(N v )for……, ...; in the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole arrangement channel matrix, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole numbering starts from the first bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole in the first column, to the last bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole in the first column, and then continues from the second column, and so on; Each column reflects the spatial beam direction of the array topology. The orthogonal basis of the deflection angle drilling time control area is defined as U(N f ), where N f N is the number of subcarriers included in the drilling size assigned to a drill head control terminal; f The choice of is determined by the distribution of the deflection angle drilling time control area of ​​the reference signal. The joint orthogonal basis of the airspace and the deflection angle drilling time control area is expressed as: Where O is the space-frequency orthogonal basis, for……; N for the rock layer t The vector representation of the bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling arrangement channel between the uth bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling hole and the uth bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling hole at the drill bit control end at time t; Projected onto the space-frequency orthogonal basis O, the expression is: In the formula, v u (t) is the vector of the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel in the angle delay domain, O H for……; S102,v u The elements in (t) are close to 0, and t l Angle delay domain at the bottom of the fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel v u (t l ), and re-arrange them from large to small by absolute value The number of non-negligible angular delay positions N s The expression is: Where N r is the number of holes drilled in the bottom upward fan-shaped hole at the user terminal drill control end, D is the time index at the current moment, and N s is the number of non-negligible angular delay positions, For..., v u (t d ) is ..., l is the sum of the total offset angle of the non-negligible elements and the total offset angle of the channel arrangement of the fan-shaped holes and rock drilling holes at the bottom; S103, using the linear fitting method with D+1 blast parameters Based on, predict N s The angle delay is At the moment, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel, the order N of the predictor satisfies For any n, 1≤n≤N s , the linear fitting coefficients are obtained by solving the following equations: R(u,n)p(u,n)=-v(u,n) In the formula, R(u,n) is..., p(u,n) is..., and v(u,n) is...

3. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S101, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling arrangement channel consists of p diameters, and each diameter has a Doppler term p is ..., j is ..., ω p is..., t is..., e is...; the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel is converted to another domain; the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling array geometry, the bottom upward fan-shaped hole rock drilling hole drilling arrangement channel drilling size delay response structure determines the domain, the size of M × M discrete Fourier transform drilling hole deflection angle matrix, expressed as: In the formula, U(M) is..., M is..., η is..., M is...

4. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S102, the non-ignorable element is represented by v u,n (t),n=1,2…N s , located in the vector v u The r(n)th row of (t), the bottom upward fan-shaped hole drilling arrangement channel is expressed as: In the formula, O r(n) for…….

5. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S103, when N s Calculate N when >1 d Each time, delete the first column of v(u,n,D) and append the last prediction result to the last column of v(u,n,D) until the result is calculated. The predicted value at time.

6. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the blasting method is one of slot hole blasting, peripheral smooth surface blasting and tunnel excavation blasting full-section blasting; In the adjustment of the blasting volume parameters, the explosive material model is constructed. In ANSYS / LS-DYNA, the explosive material model adopts the high-energy explosive material model MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN, and the JWL state equation is used to simulate the explosion of the explosive during the blasting process; The JWL state equation relationship when the explosive explodes is: In the formula, A, B, R1, R2, ω represent material constants respectively, P is pressure, V is relative volume, E0 is internal energy per unit volume, e is ..., v is ...; According to the JWL state equation during explosive explosion, the explosive charge and filling length are obtained in combination with the hole diameter and hole depth of the upward fan-shaped holes at the bottom. The blasting parameters of the arrangement of interval charges of the upward fan-shaped holes at the bottom are obtained by the linear fitting method, so that the effective peak stress at the bottom of the hole, the effective peak stress in the middle, and the effective peak stress at the hole mouth are equal.

7. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the VCR mining method is used to perform numerical simulation calculations and field tests, including: applying outlier decomposition to the blasting parameter matrix, deleting the contribution of small outliers, estimating p(u,v), and the SVD decomposition of G(u,n) is expressed as: G(u,n)=U(u,n)∑(u,n)V H (u,n) In the formula, G(u,n) is..., U(u,n) is..., ∑(u,n) is..., V H (u,n) is… 8. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outlier decomposition is applied to the burst parameter matrix, including: using statistical information to reduce the abnormal burst pressure of the burst parameter, and the channel estimation with the abnormal burst pressure of the burst parameter is modeled as: h u (f,t)=h u (f,t)+n u (f,t) In the formula, h u (f, t) is the accurate channel vector between all rock formation boreholes and the u-th borehole of the drill bit at time t and the deviation angle drilling time control interval f, n u (f,t) has zero mean and covariance The independent and identically distributed complex Gaussian blow-up parameters and abnormal blow-up pressure.

9. The method for optimizing the drilling angle in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting according to claim 8, characterized in that: The model is built from the channel estimation of the abnormal burst pressure with burst parameters: In the formula, R is ..., R is ..., n r For..., σ n is..., I is...; in, R=E{H F (f,t)H(f,t)} In the formula, E{} is..., H F (f, t) is ..., H(f, t) is the exact channel; Some eigenvalues ​​of R are close to 0. R The characteristic decomposition of R = I∑U H , by averaging several minimum eigenvalues ​​of R, we can estimate the blasting pressure and power of abnormal blasting parameters. An optimal linear filter w is derived to process the abnormal burst pressure of channel burst parameters, and the expression is: In the formula, W is..., E{} is..., and H(f,t) is...

10. A drilling angle block optimization system in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting, characterized in that: The method for optimizing the drilling angle blockiness in bottom upward fan-shaped hole blasting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is implemented, and the system comprises: A displacement detector (1) is used to obtain a borehole deviation angle in a plurality of bottom upward fan-shaped rock drilling holes. If the borehole deviation angle is less than or equal to 1% of a preset standard deviation, the design requirement of the hole bottom spacing is met; if the borehole deviation angle is greater than 1% of the preset standard deviation, the design requirement of the hole bottom spacing is not met; and based on the obtained borehole deviation angle, the drilling state of the drill bit is regulated; The blasting construction block size and blasting vibration control module (2) is used to adjust the filling, detonation method and delay time, and one-time blasting volume parameters to control the blasting construction block size and blasting vibration according to the hole row spacing set for different lithologies at a drilling deviation angle that meets the hole bottom spacing design requirements; The blasting parameter determination module (3) is used for the steeply inclined jointed rock formation, using the obtained controlled blasting construction block size and blasting vibration mode, adopting the VCR mining method to perform numerical simulation calculations and field tests, optimizing the blasting parameters, determining the blasting parameters of the filling length, charge amount, and delay time at both ends of the blasthole, and completing the deep hole blasting under the correction of the drilling angle deviation during the blasting construction of the steeply inclined jointed rock formation to make the block size uniform.

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