Vehicle exterior noise automatic test method suitable for urban rail elevated line

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle exterior noise automatic test method suitable for an urban rail elevated line, and belongs to the field of noise engineering. The method comprises the following steps: (1) arranging a train signal triggering sensor; (2) arranging a train noise source strong microphone; (3) arranging a sensitive building outdoor environment noise microphone; (4) setting a data acquisition control system; and (5) comprehensively analyzing and processing the data. According to the outside noise automatic test method suitable for the urban rail elevated line, the outside noise source intensity and environmental noise test method capable of automatically and synchronously collecting is designed based on the generation mechanism of urban rail traffic typical elevated line train wheel track noise, automatic monitoring of the environmental noise of the elevated line is achieved, and the test efficiency is improved. And a basis is provided for long-term noise monitoring in an operation period, abnormal noise identification and maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an automatic test method for vehicle exterior noise applicable to an urban rail elevated line, belonging to the technical field of noise engineering. Background Art

[0002] Compared with the underground lines of urban rail transit, the elevated lines of urban rail transit have low construction costs, and are less difficult to design, construct, and maintain. They account for a high proportion of early projects and suburban lines. However, compared with the underground lines of urban rail transit, the environmental noise impact of elevated lines is more prominent, especially for many urban dense areas, where new sensitive buildings are built on both sides of the lines, mainly high-rise buildings, and the noise impact of elevated lines is more prominent. In addition, ordinary sound barriers cannot effectively reduce noise. Therefore, complaints about noise remain high, causing great trouble to operating units. Rail transit noise is mainly caused by wheel-rail excitation, but it is also affected by the status of infrastructure such as tracks and bridges. It shows obvious fluctuation characteristics during the operation period. Therefore, to evaluate its noise impact, it is necessary to carry out long-term monitoring. A sufficient amount of data can reflect the development and evolution of noise and provide support for abnormal noise identification and timely rectification.

[0003] On the other hand, due to the limitations of my country's environmental noise evaluation standard system, the evaluation of vehicle noise is not based on the maximum value. It is necessary to identify the time when the train passes and use the equivalent weighted sound pressure level as the evaluation quantity. Therefore, for the monitoring of urban rail noise, in addition to accurately recording the noise time domain value of the train passing time, it is also necessary to identify the train passing time, so as to facilitate the subsequent analysis of exceeding the standard. The existing monitoring method is mainly manual monitoring, which starts the test by visually observing the arrival of the train and stops when the train passes. The entire recording process has large errors and also requires large labor costs.

[0004] Therefore, providing a systematic and simple automatic testing method for external vehicle noise suitable for urban rail elevated lines, realizing the environmental noise system testing of urban rail elevated lines passing through sensitive buildings or long-term monitoring sections, and providing a basis for long-term monitoring of urban rail noise and abnormal noise identification and maintenance, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this technical field. Summary of the invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a systematic and simple automatic test method for the external noise of an elevated urban rail line, so as to realize the environmental noise system test of the elevated urban rail line passing through sensitive buildings or long-term monitoring sections, and provide a basis for long-term monitoring of urban rail noise and identification of abnormal noise as well as maintenance and repair.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.

[0007] An automatic test method for external noise of urban rail elevated lines: the steps are as follows:

[0008] (1) Layout of train signal trigger sensors;

[0009] (2) Layout of microphones for train noise sources;

[0010] (3) Outdoor environmental noise microphone deployment in sensitive buildings;

[0011] (4) Data acquisition and control system settings;

[0012] (5) Comprehensive analysis and processing of data.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps of step (5) are as follows: by comprehensively analyzing the environmental noise induced by a train, the actual speed and passing time of the train are calculated through the rail acceleration signal, and the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the sound pressure of the train acting on the source strength point and different floors of sensitive buildings are obtained through the train radiation noise test data.

[0014] Preferably, the specific steps of step (5) are as follows: by comprehensively analyzing the influencing factors and sound pressure response of the rail vibration induced by a collected urban rail train, the actual speed of the passing train and the time for the front and rear ends of the train to pass through the section can be calculated by combining the rail acceleration signal with the vehicle model, and the noise time domain and frequency domain characteristics and equivalent A sound level of the source strength point are obtained through the sound pressure test data of the source strength point; the time domain and frequency domain characteristics and equivalent A sound level of the environmental noise outside the sensitive building caused by the train passing are obtained through the sound pressure test data outside the sensitive building.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail elevated lines.

[0016] The above object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0017] An automatic monitoring system for off-board noise of an urban rail elevated line, comprising a train signal trigger sensor, a source intensity monitoring point microphone with a baffle, a source intensity monitoring point microphone without a baffle, a first microphone, a second microphone, a third microphone and a data acquisition instrument;

[0018] The train signal trigger sensor is arranged in the track area of ​​the test section of the urban rail elevated line, and is arranged at the bottom of the rail in the track area;

[0019] The microphone for monitoring the source strength of the baffle is installed at a horizontal distance of 7.5m from the line and 5m above the top of the rail. It is connected to the data acquisition instrument through a data line.

[0020] The non-baffle source intensity monitoring point microphone is installed at a horizontal distance of 7.5m from the line and 3.5m above the rail top surface, and is connected to the data acquisition instrument through a data cable;

[0021] The first microphone is installed on the bottom floor of the sensitive building, the second microphone is installed on the middle floor (rail surface height) of the sensitive building, and the third microphone is installed on the top floor of the sensitive building. The first microphone, the second microphone and the third microphone are all installed at a distance of 1m from the external wall or other reflective objects;

[0022] The first microphone, the second microphone and the third microphone are all connected to the data acquisition instrument;

[0023] The data acquisition instrument is placed on a fixed stand which is firm, reliable and has a stable power supply.

[0024] Preferably, the data acquisition instrument sets a trigger acceleration value of the train signal trigger module. When the urban rail train passes through the sensor layout section, when the rail vibration acceleration caused by the train traveling on the rail is greater than or equal to the set trigger vibration acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument starts to collect and record the sound pressure and vibration test data connected to the data acquisition instrument 4.

[0025] Preferably, a trigger vibration acceleration value is set on the data acquisition instrument, and the set trigger vibration acceleration value should be greater than the background vibration acceleration amplitude of the rail, and the negative delay time of the acquisition is set on the data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition instrument is in the oscilloscope state. After the acquisition is triggered, the sound pressure and vibration signal data within the negative delay time are synchronously recorded.

[0026] Preferably, when the rail vibration acceleration value is greater than or equal to the set trigger acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument starts to record the rail vibration acceleration data, and the microphone at the source strength monitoring point with baffles and the microphone at the source strength monitoring point without baffles start to collect sound pressure data at the sound pressure point of the train noise source strength point; the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone start to collect sound pressure data at different floors of sensitive buildings.

[0027] Preferably, when the rail vibration acceleration value is less than the set trigger acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument stops recording the rail vibration acceleration data, the microphones at the source strength monitoring points with baffles and the source strength monitoring points without baffles start to stop collecting vehicle noise data, and adjust the system to the oscilloscope state, waiting for the next trigger collection.

[0028] Preferably, the first microphone, the second microphone and the third microphone start to stop collecting vehicle passing noise data, and adjust the system to an oscillometric state, waiting for the next triggering of collection.

[0029] Preferably, the train signal trigger sensor adopts a vibration acceleration sensor with wireless transmission function, and provides power supply for the sensor. The power supply can be a mobile power supply or a power supply box in the track area.

[0030] The present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes, but it is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail elevated lines in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Description of main reference numerals:

[0033] 1 Train signal trigger sensor 2-1 Microphone with baffle source intensity monitoring point

[0034] 2-2 No-baffle source intensity monitoring point microphone 3-1 First microphone

[0035] 3-2 Second microphone 3-3 Third microphone

[0036] 4. Data Logger DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, in the following embodiments, the components described are all conventional components available on the market in this field, the connections between the components are all conventional connections, the software involved are all conventional software in this field, and the methods described are all conventional methods in this field.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic monitoring system for vehicle exterior noise of urban rail elevated line in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein 1 is a train signal trigger sensor (vibration acceleration sensor), 2-1 is a source strength monitoring point microphone with a baffle, 2-2 is a source strength monitoring point microphone without a baffle, 3-1 is a first microphone, 3-2 is a second microphone, 3-3 is a third microphone, and 4 is a data acquisition instrument; the automatic monitoring system for vehicle exterior noise of urban rail elevated line of the present invention comprises a train signal trigger sensor (vibration acceleration sensor) 1, a source strength monitoring point microphone with a baffle 2-1, a source strength monitoring point microphone without a baffle 2-2, a first microphone 3-1, a second microphone 3-2, a third microphone 3-3 and a data acquisition instrument 4;

[0040] The train signal trigger sensor (vibration acceleration sensor) 1 is arranged in the track area of ​​the test section of the urban rail elevated line, and is arranged at the bottom of the rail in the track area. A vibration acceleration sensor with wireless transmission function is used, and the sensor is powered. The power supply can be a mobile power supply or a power supply box in the track area.

[0041] The source strength monitoring point microphone 2-1 with baffle is installed at a horizontal distance of 7.5m from the line and 5m above the top surface of the rail. The installation needs to ensure firmness and reliability; it is connected to the data acquisition instrument 4 through a data cable, and the data acquisition instrument 4 has a wireless data transmission function;

[0042] The non-baffle source strength monitoring point microphone 2-2 is installed at a horizontal distance of 7.5m from the line and 3.5m above the rail top surface. The installation needs to ensure firmness and reliability, and is connected to the data acquisition instrument 4 through a data cable;

[0043] Microphones are arranged at typical positions of sensitive buildings, including the bottom floor, track surface height, and top floor. The first microphone 3-1 is installed at the bottom floor of the sensitive building, the second microphone 3-2 is installed at the middle floor (track surface height) of the sensitive building, and the third microphone 3-3 is installed at the top floor of the sensitive building. The first microphone 3-1, the second microphone 3-2, and the third microphone 3-3 are all installed at a distance of 1 m from the external wall or other reflective objects.

[0044] The first microphone 3-1, the second microphone 3-2 and the third microphone 3-3 are all connected to the data acquisition device 4;

[0045] The data acquisition instrument 4 is placed on a fixed stand which is firm and reliable, has a stable power supply, and is not exposed to rain or snow;

[0046] The data acquisition instrument 4 sets the trigger acceleration value of the train signal trigger module (vibration acceleration sensor) 1. When the urban rail train passes through the sensor layout section, when the rail vibration acceleration caused by the train traveling on the rail is greater than or equal to the set trigger vibration acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument 4 starts to collect and record the sound pressure and vibration test data connected to the data acquisition instrument 4, including:

[0047] A trigger vibration acceleration value is set on the data acquisition instrument 4, and the set trigger vibration acceleration value should be greater than the rail background vibration acceleration amplitude, and the acquisition negative delay time is set on the data acquisition instrument 4. The data acquisition instrument 4 is in an oscilloscope state. After the acquisition is triggered, the sound pressure and vibration signal data within the negative delay time are synchronously recorded;

[0048] When the rail vibration acceleration value is greater than or equal to the set trigger acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument 4 starts to record the rail vibration acceleration data, and the microphone 2-1 at the baffle source strength monitoring point and the microphone 2-2 at the non-baffle source strength monitoring point start to collect the sound pressure data at the sound pressure point of the train noise source strength point; the first microphone 3-1, the second microphone 3-2, and the third microphone 3-3 start to collect the sound pressure data at different floors of the sensitive building;

[0049] When the rail vibration acceleration value is less than the set trigger acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument 4 stops recording the rail vibration acceleration data, the baffle source intensity monitoring point microphone 2-1 and the non-baffle source intensity monitoring point microphone 2-2 start to stop collecting vehicle noise data, and adjust the system to the oscilloscope state, waiting for the next trigger collection;

[0050] The first microphone 3-1, the second microphone 3-2, and the third microphone 3-3 start to stop collecting vehicle noise data, and adjust the system to the oscilloscope state, waiting for the next trigger collection;

[0051] The data acquisition instrument 4 performs a comprehensive analysis on the environmental noise induced by a train set, calculates the actual speed and passing time of the train through the rail acceleration signal, and obtains the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the sound pressure of the train acting on the source point and different floors of sensitive buildings through the train radiation noise test data;

[0052] The data acquisition instrument 4 comprehensively analyzes the influencing factors and sound pressure response of the rail vibration induced by a city rail train, and calculates the actual speed of the passing train and the time for the front and rear ends of the train to pass through the section through the rail acceleration signal combined with the vehicle model. The noise time domain and frequency domain characteristics and equivalent A sound level of the source strength point are obtained through the sound pressure test data outside the sensitive building; the time domain and frequency domain characteristics and equivalent A sound level of the environmental noise outside the sensitive building caused by the passing of the train are obtained through the sound pressure test data outside the sensitive building.

[0053] The automatic test method for off-board noise of urban rail elevated lines of the present invention is based on the wheel-rail noise generation mechanism of typical elevated line trains in urban rail transit, designs a test method for off-board noise source intensity and environmental noise that can be automatically and synchronously collected, realizes automatic monitoring of environmental noise of elevated lines, and provides a basis for long-term noise monitoring during operation, abnormal noise identification, and maintenance.

[0054] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic test method for external noise of urban rail elevated lines: the steps are as follows: (1) Layout of train signal trigger sensors; (2) Layout of microphones for train noise sources; (3) Outdoor environmental noise microphone deployment in sensitive buildings; (4) Data acquisition and control system settings; (5) Comprehensive analysis and processing of data.

2. The automatic test method for external noise of urban rail elevated line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step (5) are as follows: by comprehensively analyzing the environmental noise induced by a train, the actual speed and passing time of the train are calculated through the rail acceleration signal, and the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the sound pressure of the train acting on the source point and different floors of sensitive buildings are obtained through the train radiation noise test data.

3. The automatic test method for external noise of urban rail elevated line according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step (5) are as follows: by comprehensively analyzing the influencing factors and sound pressure response of the rail vibration induced by a collected urban rail train, the actual speed of the passing train and the time for the front and rear ends of the train to pass through the section can be calculated by combining the rail acceleration signal with the vehicle model, and the noise time domain and frequency domain characteristics and equivalent A sound level of the source strength point are obtained through the sound pressure test data of the source strength point; the time domain and frequency domain characteristics and equivalent A sound level of the environmental noise outside the sensitive building caused by the train passing are obtained through the sound pressure test data outside the sensitive building.

4. An automatic monitoring system for external noise of an urban rail elevated line, comprising a train signal trigger sensor, a source intensity monitoring point microphone with a baffle, a source intensity monitoring point microphone without a baffle, a first microphone, a second microphone, a third microphone and a data acquisition instrument; The train signal trigger sensor is arranged in the track area of ​​the test section of the urban rail elevated line, and is arranged at the bottom of the rail in the track area; The microphone for monitoring the source strength of the baffle is installed at a horizontal distance of 7.5m from the line and 5m above the top of the rail. It is connected to the data acquisition instrument through a data line. The non-baffle source intensity monitoring point microphone is installed at a horizontal distance of 7.5m from the line and 3.5m above the rail top surface, and is connected to the data acquisition instrument through a data cable; The first microphone is installed on the bottom floor of the sensitive building, the second microphone is installed on the middle floor (rail surface height) of the sensitive building, and the third microphone is installed on the top floor of the sensitive building. The first microphone, the second microphone and the third microphone are all installed at a distance of 1m from the external wall or other reflective objects; The first microphone, the second microphone and the third microphone are all connected to the data acquisition instrument; The data acquisition instrument is placed on a fixed stand which is firm, reliable and has a stable power supply.

5. The automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail elevated lines according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The data acquisition instrument sets the trigger acceleration value of the train signal trigger module. When the urban rail train passes through the sensor layout section, when the rail vibration acceleration caused by the train traveling on the rail is greater than or equal to the set trigger vibration acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument starts to collect and record the sound pressure and vibration test data connected to the data acquisition instrument 4.

6. The automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail elevated lines according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The trigger vibration acceleration value is set on the data acquisition instrument. The set trigger vibration acceleration value should be greater than the background vibration acceleration amplitude of the rail. The negative delay time of the acquisition is set on the data acquisition instrument. The data acquisition instrument is in the oscilloscope state. After the acquisition is triggered, the sound pressure and vibration signal data within the negative delay time are recorded synchronously.

7. The automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail elevated lines according to claim 6 is characterized in that: When the rail vibration acceleration value is greater than or equal to the set trigger acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument starts to record the rail vibration acceleration data, and the microphones at the source strength monitoring points with baffles and the source strength monitoring points without baffles start to collect sound pressure data at the sound pressure points of the train noise source strength points; the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone start to collect sound pressure data at different floors of sensitive buildings.

8. The automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail elevated lines according to claim 7 is characterized in that: When the rail vibration acceleration value is less than the set trigger acceleration value, the data acquisition instrument stops recording the rail vibration acceleration data, the microphones at the source strength monitoring points with baffles and the source strength monitoring points without baffles start to stop collecting vehicle noise data, and adjust the system to the oscilloscope state, waiting for the next trigger collection.

9. The automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail elevated lines according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone start to stop collecting vehicle noise data, and adjust the system to the oscilloscope state, waiting for the next trigger collection.

10. The automatic monitoring system for external noise of urban rail viaduct according to claim 9, characterized in that: The train signal trigger sensor adopts a vibration acceleration sensor with a wireless transmission function, and provides power supply for the sensor, which adopts a mobile power supply or a power supply box in the track area.

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