Laboratory test method for horizontal earth pressure model of inclined flexible retaining wall

Abstract

The present invention relates to a laboratory model test method for horizontal earth pressure of an inclined flexible retaining wall, comprising: assembling an experimental model box; laying prefabricated blocks layer by layer, backfilling soil and setting displacement marking points; setting sensors; installing a camera system; recording initial coordinate data of the displacement marking points; placing a loading plate on the surface of the soil, applying a vertical uniform load by stacking, and recording the sensor readings while capturing the slip of the displacement marking points in the soil; obtaining the displacement vector field of the soil body to approximately observe the deformation of the soil body behind the wall. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention can flexibly adjust the inclination angle, stiffness and height of the retaining wall by changing the docking method of the prefabricated blocks and the number and length of the polyurethane rods, thereby supporting the horizontal earth pressure and wall displacement characteristics of the inclined flexible retaining wall under various working conditions, and providing an experimental model for studying the distribution of active earth pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of indoor test methods, and more specifically, to a method for testing a horizontal earth pressure model of an inclined flexible retaining wall in a laboratory. Background Art

[0002] Compared to traditional retaining walls, such as gravity-type retaining walls, prefabricated block retaining walls offer significant green and ecological benefits. With the advent of the "dual carbon" goals, prefabricated block retaining walls have garnered increasing attention and are widely used in practical projects. However, due to the inclined and flexible nature of these walls, the principles and methods for calculating earth pressure remain unclear, and related theoretical research lags behind practical engineering practice. Currently, their design relies primarily on engineering experience. Therefore, theoretical research on inclined flexible retaining walls is of great practical significance.

[0003] Model testing is an important method for studying the earth pressure behind retaining walls. It is primarily divided into scaled and full-scale tests. Given the limitations of space and funding for laboratory model testing, scaled-scale testing is often employed. To ensure that scaled-scale testing accurately reflects the various characteristics of the prototype, a detailed similarity analysis must be conducted between the model and prototype, and appropriate materials and parameters must be selected for scaled-scale testing. Therefore, accurately conducting horizontal earth pressure studies on inclined flexible retaining walls through appropriate scaled-scale model testing has been a challenge in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and to propose a laboratory model test method for horizontal earth pressure of an inclined flexible retaining wall.

[0005] Firstly, a laboratory-based horizontal earth pressure model test device for inclined flexible retaining walls is provided, including:

[0006] Experimental model boxes, prefabricated blocks, soil materials for layered paving, and camera systems;

[0007] Among them, the experimental model box is a coverless rectangular cavity structure made of steel plates, with a transparent high-strength material observation window on one long side facade and a concrete foundation at the bottom; the precast blocks are laid layer by layer in the experimental model box to form an inclined flexible retaining wall, and adjacent blocks are connected by polyurethane rods in the connecting holes; sensors are arranged at the center of the facades on both sides of the precast blocks; displacement marking points are arranged between each layer of soil along the direction of the precast blocks; a loading plate is placed on the surface of the soil, and a vertical uniformly distributed load is applied by stacking; the camera system is arranged outside the observation window.

[0008] Preferably, the sensors include a horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor arranged at the center of the side elevation of the block fill and a horizontal displacement measuring sensor arranged at the center of the side elevation facing the air.

[0009] Preferably, the transparent high-strength material observation window is engraved with positioning lines of displacement marking points.

[0010] In a second aspect, a method for testing a horizontal earth pressure model of an inclined flexible retaining wall in a laboratory is provided, which is performed by the testing apparatus for testing a horizontal earth pressure model of an inclined flexible retaining wall in a laboratory according to any one of the first aspects, comprising:

[0011] Step 1: Assemble the experimental model box, set a transparent high-strength material observation window on the long side of the experimental model box, and pour a concrete foundation at the bottom of the experimental model box and maintain it according to regulations;

[0012] Step 2: Casting precast blocks; Lay the precast blocks layer by layer, and simultaneously backfill the soil behind the wall layer by layer. Set displacement marking points along the direction of the precast blocks between each layer of soil; Set horizontal earth pressure measurement sensors on the vertical surface of the blocks on the fill side, and set horizontal displacement measurement sensors on the vertical surface of the blocks on the air side;

[0013] Step 3: Install the camera system;

[0014] Step 4: Record the initial coordinate data of the displacement mark point;

[0015] Step 5: Place a loading plate on the surface of the soil material, apply a vertical uniform load by stacking, and record the readings of the horizontal earth pressure measurement sensor and the horizontal displacement measurement sensor. At the same time, use a camera system to capture the slip of the displacement mark point in the soil material;

[0016] Step 6: Process the series of images taken during a single experiment to obtain the displacement vector field of the soil, thereby approximately observing the deformation of the soil behind the wall;

[0017] Step 7: Repeat the experiment under different working conditions.

[0018] Preferably, in step 2, prefabricated blocks are cast through a concrete mold, and when pouring concrete, the positions of the connection holes need to be marked on the mold, and then holes are drilled to fix the positioning tubes to ensure that the positions of the connection holes will not change, thereby ensuring that the retaining wall can be assembled smoothly.

[0019] Preferably, in step 2, a horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor is set, including: determining the precast blocks corresponding to the key parts of the retaining wall that need to be monitored, and using cement glue to fix the horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor to the center position of the backfill side elevation of the precast blocks.

[0020] Preferably, in step 2, the retaining wall is built and the horizontal displacement measuring sensor is installed, including: selecting a suitable number of precast blocks and the length and diameter of the polyurethane rod according to the retaining wall height, stiffness and slope determined by a single experiment; laying the precast blocks layer by layer from bottom to top on the basis of the experimental model box, and inserting the polyurethane rods into the connecting holes of the upper and lower blocks; and setting a horizontal displacement measuring sensor at the center position of the air-facing side facade of the precast blocks where the remaining horizontal earth pressure measuring sensors are located, except for the bottom precast blocks constrained by the foundation, to detect the wall displacement.

[0021] Preferably, in step 7, the upper and lower docking mode and docking area of ​​the reserved connection holes between the prefabricated blocks are changed to adjust the inclination angle of the prefabricated block retaining wall; the length, diameter and number of the polyurethane rods inserted into the connection holes of the prefabricated blocks are changed to adjust the stiffness of the flexible retaining wall; the number of prefabricated blocks is added or deleted to adjust the height of the entire retaining wall, and the experiments under different working conditions are repeated.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1) In the model test, the present invention can flexibly adjust the inclination angle, stiffness, and height of the retaining wall by changing the docking method of prefabricated blocks and the number and length of polyurethane rods, thereby supporting the horizontal earth pressure and wall displacement characteristics of the inclined flexible retaining wall under various working conditions, providing an experimental model for studying the distribution of active earth pressure.

[0024] 2) This invention utilizes a combination of earth pressure measurement sensors, horizontal displacement measurement sensors, and a camera system to efficiently and in real time collect deformation data and earth pressure distribution information on retaining walls. By generating a soil displacement vector field through image processing techniques, it can approximate the slip surface and deformation, providing high-precision experimental data support for theoretical research and significantly improving the reliability and practicality of research results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a laboratory test apparatus for a horizontal earth pressure model of an inclined flexible retaining wall provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A side view of the laboratory horizontal earth pressure model test device for an inclined flexible retaining wall provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A top view of the laboratory horizontal earth pressure model test device for an inclined flexible retaining wall provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4a Schematic diagram of the connection method of the 76° block reserved holes and polyurethane rods in the experiment provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4b Schematic diagram of the connection method of the reserved holes of the 53°-56° blocks and the polyurethane rods in the experiment provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a prefabricated building block provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6a A schematic diagram of the horizontal earth pressure distribution curve measured in a certain working condition in an experiment provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6b A schematic diagram of the distribution curve of horizontal displacement of a wall measured under certain working conditions in an experiment provided by the present invention;

[0033] Explanation of the reference numerals: prefabricated block 1; soil material 2; loading plate 3; pile load 4; horizontal displacement measurement sensor 5; experimental model box 6; transparent high-strength material observation window 7; concrete foundation 8; polyurethane rod 9; displacement marking point 10; camera system 11; horizontal soil pressure measurement sensor 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples. The following examples are provided only to facilitate understanding of the present invention. It should be noted that, without departing from the principles of the present invention, it is possible for a person skilled in the art to make various modifications to the present invention, and such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] In actual engineering application analysis, the main parameters considered in the study of horizontal earth pressure on inclined flexible retaining walls include: geometric size l, material bulk density γ, elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio μ, stress σ, and strain ε. According to the similarity law theory, bulk density similarity ratio C γ , geometric similarity ratio C l Similarity ratio with stress C σ The relationship expression is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] According to the geometric equation, the strain similarity ratio C ε , geometric similarity ratio C l Similarity ratio with displacement C δ The relationship between the three is expressed as follows:

[0039]

[0040] According to the physical equation, the strain similarity ratio C ε , elastic modulus similarity ratio C E Similarity ratio with stress C σThe similarity relationship between the three and Poisson's ratio similarity ratio C μ The expressions are:

[0041] C μ =1

[0042] According to the stress boundary condition, the boundary force similarity ratio Similarity ratio with stress C σ The expression between is as follows:

[0043]

[0044] When conducting geotechnical tests, the strain of the model and prototype should be consistent, and the materials of the model and prototype should maintain similarity on the Mohr envelope. Therefore, geotechnical model tests should also satisfy the following relationship:

[0045] The shear strength of the prototype meets the following requirements:

[0046] The shear strength in the model satisfies:

[0047] The similarity constant of the internal friction angle Cohesion similarity constant Stress similarity constant Substituting into the above formula we can get:

[0048]

[0049] In summary, the relationship between the similarity constants of stress, strain, displacement and other physical quantities in the experiment can be determined as follows: C w =C L ,C c =C E =C ρ =C σ , For a specific retaining wall model, the similarity ratio used may be different, and the parameter value needs to be adjusted in combination with the specific project.

[0050] In addition, during the actual construction process, the backfill surface behind the wall may be overloaded with heavy vehicles passing by or a large amount of materials piled on top. In the case of overload, the soil pressure behind the wall will further increase, and the risk of instability of the retaining wall will further increase. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the soil pressure behind the retaining wall under overload conditions. In the actual construction process, local loads are often converted into equivalent uniformly distributed loads, and the static loads are appropriately amplified by multiplying them by the dynamic coefficient accordingly. Therefore, the experimental model of the present invention applies a uniformly distributed load on the backfill surface, observes the overall deformation of the retaining wall body and the size and distribution of the soil pressure behind the wall, and then analyzes the stability and safety of the inclined flexible prefabricated retaining wall when it is subjected to additional loads.

[0051] Specifically, Example 1 of the present application provides a laboratory horizontal earth pressure model test device for an inclined flexible retaining wall, comprising:

[0052] Experimental model box 6, prefabricated building blocks 1, soil materials 2 for layered paving, and camera system 11;

[0053] Among them, the experimental model box 6 is a coverless rectangular cavity structure made of steel plate, with a transparent high-strength material observation window 7 on one long side facade and a concrete foundation 8 at the bottom; the prefabricated blocks 1 are laid layer by layer in the experimental model box 6 to form an inclined flexible retaining wall, and adjacent blocks are connected by polyurethane rods 9 in the connecting holes; sensors are set at the center of the facades on both sides of the prefabricated blocks 1; displacement marking points 10 are arranged between each layer of soil 2 along the direction of the prefabricated blocks 1; a loading plate 3 is placed on the surface of the soil 2, and a vertical uniformly distributed load is applied by stacking 4; the camera system 11 is set outside the observation window 7.

[0054] Among them, the sensors include a horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor 12 arranged at the center of the earth-filled side elevation of the block and a horizontal displacement measuring sensor 5 arranged at the center of the air-facing side elevation of the block. The transparent high-strength material observation window 7 is engraved with a positioning line of the displacement mark point 10. It should be clearly pointed out that not all the center positions of the facades on both sides of the prefabricated blocks 1 need to be arranged with sensors. The arrangement of the sensors should meet the following principles: the monitoring data obtained must be able to effectively characterize the horizontal earth pressure distribution law along the wall height direction of the inclined flexible retaining wall and the trend of horizontal displacement changes of the wall. For a specific retaining wall model, the arrangement position and number of sensors need to be adaptively adjusted according to its structural characteristics.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] Based on Example 1, Example 2 of the present application provides a laboratory method for testing the horizontal earth pressure model of an inclined flexible retaining wall. In this method, the corresponding inclined flexible retaining wall height, slope, and wall block model are formulated according to the similarity law; prefabricated blocks 1 are laid layer by layer from bottom to top in the experimental model box 6, and soil is backfilled layer by layer behind the wall at the same pace, and constraints are set on the air-facing side of the bottom block to prevent it from moving outward. The experimental model box 6 is a hollow rectangular structure without a roof made of steel plate, and a transparent high-strength material observation window 7 is set on the vertical face of one long side. Polyurethane rods 9 are used to connect the upper and lower adjacent blocks in the connection holes, and the overall stiffness of the retaining wall can be adjusted by changing the number of polyurethane rods 9. According to the test requirements, horizontal earth pressure sensors 12 were installed on the vertical surface of the blocks on the backfill side, and horizontal displacement sensors 5 were set up on the free-standing surfaces of the blocks. During the layered backfill, backfill displacement markers 10 were embedded, visible through observation windows. A loading plate 3 was placed flat on the top of the backfill, achieving uniform loading through gravity loading. A camera system 11 was installed outside the center of the observation window to capture deformation data of the retaining wall model during loading. Before the test, relevant initial data was accurately measured. During the test, the stacking position of the precast blocks 1 and the number of polyurethane rods 9 connected were adjusted based on the planned wall height, slope, and stiffness. The precast blocks 1 were laid step by step, and the earth pressure sensors, backfill behind the wall, backfill movement markers, and wall displacement sensors were embedded simultaneously during the stacking process. Based on the constructed retaining wall physical model and the varying backfill loads, statistical analysis and theoretical derivation were used to determine the characteristics of horizontal earth pressure and wall displacement of the inclined flexible retaining wall.

[0057] It should be noted that the method provided in this embodiment is the method corresponding to the device provided in Example 1. Therefore, the parts in this embodiment that are the same or similar to those in Example 1 can be referenced to each other and will not be repeated in this application.

[0058] Example 3:

[0059] Based on Example 2, Example 3 of the present application provides a more specific laboratory horizontal earth pressure model test method for an inclined flexible retaining wall, including:

[0060] Step 1: Assemble the experimental model box 6, set a transparent high-strength material observation window 7 on the long side of the experimental model box 6, and pour a concrete foundation 8 at the bottom of the experimental model box 6 and maintain it according to regulations.

[0061] Step 2: Cast prefabricated blocks 1 (such as Figure 51). Lay the prefabricated blocks 1 layer by layer, and simultaneously backfill the soil 2 behind the wall layer by layer. Set displacement marking points 10 between each layer of soil 2 along the direction of the prefabricated blocks 1, ensuring that the displacement marking points 10 of each observation layer are evenly distributed along the inscribed lines on the transparent high-strength material observation window 7 until they are flush with the wall height. Set a horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor 12 on the vertical surface of the blocks on the fill side, and set a horizontal displacement measuring sensor 5 on the vertical surface of the blocks on the air side.

[0062] In step 2, to ensure the accuracy of the connection hole positions, a concrete mold (customized according to the dimensions of the experimental model box 6) is used to produce the precast blocks 1. When pouring concrete, the connection hole positions are marked on the mold, and then holes are drilled to secure the positioning tubes. This ensures that the connection hole positions do not change, ensuring smooth assembly of the retaining wall. In this way, the required number of precast blocks 1 are prepared.

[0063] The installation of the horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor 12 includes: determining the prefabricated block 1 corresponding to the key position of the retaining wall that needs to be monitored in an experiment, and fixing the horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor 12 at the center position of the backfill side elevation of the prefabricated block 1 using cement glue.

[0064] The method of constructing a retaining wall and installing a horizontal displacement measuring sensor 5 includes: selecting an appropriate number of precast blocks 1 and the length and diameter of the polyurethane rods 9 based on the retaining wall height, stiffness, and slope determined in a single experiment; laying the precast blocks 1 layer by layer from bottom to top on the foundation 8 of the experimental model box 6, and inserting the polyurethane rods 9 into the connecting holes of the upper and lower blocks according to the connection method shown in FIG. 4 ; and arranging horizontal displacement measuring sensors 5 on the remaining precast blocks 1 where the horizontal earth pressure measuring sensors 12 are located, except for the bottom precast block 1 constrained by the concrete foundation 8, for detecting wall displacement.

[0065] Step 3: Install the camera system 11: Install the camera system 11 at a suitable position away from the observation window. In this way, the assembly of the entire experimental model is completed.

[0066] Step 4: Record the initial coordinate data of the displacement mark point 10.

[0067] Specifically, the displacement marking points 10 are numbered in a certain order, the coordinate origin is selected at a suitable position in the transparent high-strength material observation window 7, and the camera system 11 is used to record the x and y coordinates of the displacement marking points 10 before loading. Considering the continuity of the measurement experiment, the image processing work can also be performed in step 6.

[0068] Step 5: Place a loading plate 3 on the surface of the soil material 2 behind the wall at a suitable position away from the retaining wall, adjust the readings of the horizontal soil pressure measuring sensor 12 and the horizontal displacement measuring sensor 5 to zero, gradually add pile loads 4 to the loading plate 3 to apply pressure to form a vertical uniformly distributed load, observe the readings of the horizontal soil pressure measuring sensor 12 and the horizontal displacement measuring sensor 5, record the corresponding readings after the data stabilizes, and proceed to the next level of loading; while loading, use the camera system 11 to capture the slippage of the displacement mark point 10 in the soil material 2.

[0069] Step 6: Process the series of images taken during a single experiment to obtain the displacement vector field of the soil, thereby approximately observing the deformation of the soil behind the wall and providing a more reliable model for subsequent research.

[0070] Step 7: Repeat the experiment under different working conditions.

[0071] In step 7, after the single experiment is completed, the upper and lower docking mode and docking area of ​​the reserved connection holes between the prefabricated blocks 1 are changed (as shown in Figure 4) to adjust the inclination angle of the prefabricated block retaining wall; the length, diameter and number of the polyurethane rods 9 inserted into the connection holes of the prefabricated blocks 1 are changed to adjust the stiffness of the flexible retaining wall; the number of prefabricated blocks 1 is added or deleted to adjust the height of the entire retaining wall, and the experiments under different working conditions are repeated.

[0072] Finally, an example of the experimental model of the present invention is given. Figure 6a This is the earth pressure distribution curve measured under the working conditions of a retaining wall with a height of 0.64m, a slope of 53°, and two polyurethane rods connecting the blocks. Figure 6b The horizontal displacement distribution curves for a retaining wall with a height of 0.64m, a slope of 53°, and two polyurethane rods connecting the masonry blocks are shown. Under constant conditions of wall height, slope, and wall stiffness, the horizontal earth pressure intensity distribution of the inclined flexible prefabricated retaining wall under graded loading is consistent, with higher earth pressure values ​​occurring around 0.4m in height. Simultaneously, the earth pressure growth rate at the wall base increases.

[0073] The reasons for this phenomenon are:

[0074] The inclined structure of the retaining wall causes the masonry blocks near the top of the wall to move toward the fill under their own gravity, generating passive earth pressure and further increasing the earth pressure behind the wall. As fill depth increases, the rate of increase in earth pressure behind the wall gradually decreases, and the overall earth pressure gradually approaches active earth pressure. This change is primarily attributed to the flexible structural characteristics of the retaining wall. Under the action of the fill load, the middle of the wall undergoes bulging deformation, causing the wall to move away from the fill. This displacement partially releases earth pressure, causing the earth pressure to gradually decrease and approach active earth pressure. Finally, as fill depth increases further, the increase in earth pressure behind the wall at the bottom of the retaining wall increases again, and continues to approach static earth pressure. This phenomenon is closely related to the change in the retaining wall's displacement pattern. As fill depth increases, the retaining wall gradually shifts from rotating around the top of the wall to rotating around the bottom of the wall. This change in displacement pattern causes the earth pressure to gradually increase.

[0075] It should be noted that the parts in this embodiment that are the same or similar to those in Example 2 can be referenced to each other and will not be described in detail in this application.

Claims

1. A laboratory horizontal earth pressure model test method for an inclined flexible retaining wall, characterized in that: A test apparatus for a horizontal earth pressure model test of an inclined flexible retaining wall for performing a test method comprises: an experimental model box (6), prefabricated blocks (1), soil materials spread in layers (2), and a camera system (11); The experimental model box (6) is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure without a roof made of steel plates, a transparent high-strength material observation window (7) is provided on one long side elevation, and a concrete foundation (8) is provided on the bottom; the prefabricated blocks (1) are built layer by layer in the experimental model box (6) to form an inclined flexible retaining wall, and adjacent blocks are connected by polyurethane rods (9) in the connecting holes; sensors are arranged at the center positions of the elevations on both sides of the prefabricated blocks (1); displacement marking points (10) are arranged between each layer of soil (2) along the direction of the prefabricated blocks (1); a loading plate (3) is placed on the surface of the soil (2), and a vertical uniform load is applied by stacking (4); the camera system (11) is arranged outside the transparent high-strength material observation window (7); The testing method performed by the horizontal earth pressure model test device for the inclined flexible retaining wall includes: Step 1: Assemble the experimental model box (6), set a transparent high-strength material observation window (7) on the long side of the experimental model box (6), and pour a concrete foundation (8) at the bottom of the experimental model box (6) and maintain it according to regulations; Step 2, pouring precast blocks (1); laying precast blocks (1) layer by layer, backfilling soil (2) layer by layer behind the wall at the same pace, setting displacement marking points (10) along the direction of the precast blocks (1) between each layer of soil (2); setting horizontal earth pressure measuring sensors (12) on the vertical surface of the blocks on the filling side, and setting horizontal displacement measuring sensors (5) on the vertical surface of the blocks on the air side; Step 3: Install the camera system (11); Step 4: record the initial coordinate data of the displacement mark point (10); Step 5: placing a loading plate (3) on the surface of the soil material (2), applying a vertical uniform load by stacking (4), and recording the readings of the horizontal soil pressure measuring sensor and the horizontal displacement measuring sensor (5), while using a camera system (11) to capture the slippage of the displacement mark point (10) in the soil material (2); Step 6: Process the series of images taken during a single experiment to obtain the displacement vector field of the soil, thereby approximately observing the deformation of the soil behind the wall; Step 7, repeat the experiment under different working conditions; in step 7, change the upper and lower docking mode and docking area of ​​the reserved connection holes between the prefabricated blocks (1) to adjust the inclination angle of the inclined flexible retaining wall; change the length, diameter and number of the polyurethane rods (9) inserted into the connection holes of the prefabricated blocks (1) to adjust the stiffness of the inclined flexible retaining wall; add or delete the number of prefabricated blocks (1) to adjust the height of the entire inclined flexible retaining wall, and repeat the experiment under different working conditions.

2. The method for testing horizontal earth pressure model of inclined flexible retaining wall in laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the prefabricated blocks (1) are cast through a concrete mold. When pouring concrete, the positions of the connection holes need to be marked on the mold, and then holes are punched to fix the positioning tubes to ensure that the positions of the connection holes will not change, so that the inclined flexible retaining wall can be assembled smoothly.

3. The method for testing horizontal earth pressure model of inclined flexible retaining wall in laboratory according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2, a horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor (12) is set, including: determining the prefabricated block (1) corresponding to the key position of the inclined flexible retaining wall that needs to be monitored, and fixing the horizontal earth pressure measuring sensor (12) at the center position of the backfill side elevation of the prefabricated block (1) using cement glue.

4. The method for testing horizontal earth pressure model of inclined flexible retaining wall in laboratory according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step 2 also includes: selecting a suitable number of prefabricated blocks (1) and the length and diameter of the polyurethane rods (9) based on the height, stiffness and slope of the inclined flexible retaining wall determined by a single experiment; laying the prefabricated blocks (1) layer by layer from bottom to top on the concrete foundation (8) of the experimental model box (6), and inserting the polyurethane rods (9) into the connection holes of the upper and lower blocks; and arranging horizontal displacement measurement sensors (5) at the center positions of the air-facing side facades of the remaining prefabricated blocks (1) where the horizontal earth pressure measurement sensors (12) are located, for detecting the displacement of the wall.

5. The method for testing horizontal earth pressure model of inclined flexible retaining wall in laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensors include a horizontal earth pressure measurement sensor (12) arranged at the center of the earth-filled side elevation of the prefabricated building block (1) and a horizontal displacement measurement sensor (5) arranged at the center of the air-facing side elevation.

6. The method for testing horizontal earth pressure model of inclined flexible retaining wall in laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that: Positioning lines of displacement marking points (10) are engraved on the transparent high-strength material observation window (7).

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