Self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetrometer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil mechanics measurement, and discloses a self-driven pressure-bearing and shearing penetrometer which comprises a shell, a drill bit, a penetration driving assembly, a plurality of shearing plates, a shearing driving assembly, a fixing assembly and a measuring sensor, a containing cavity is formed in the shell, and the drill bit is rotationally arranged at the bottom of the shell; a penetration driving assembly is arranged in the containing cavity, a plurality of shearing plates are arranged in the drill bit in a sliding mode, and a shearing driving assembly and a fixing assembly are arranged in the containing cavity. Through cooperation of the penetration driving assembly, the shearing driving assembly, the fixing assembly and the shearing plate, penetration and rotary shearing of a to-be-measured soil body can be achieved, and penetration resistance data of pressure bearing and rotation torque data of shearing can be collected through the measuring sensor, so that penetration pressure bearing and rotary shearing measurement is achieved; compared with the prior art, two measuring devices are integrated on one device, operation is convenient, carrying is convenient, and more time and labor are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil mechanics measurement, and in particular to a self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer. Background Art

[0002] The physical and mechanical properties of soil have a great influence on the traction control performance of the vehicle. The study of the physical and mechanical properties of soil is helpful to evaluate the road passability of the vehicle, optimize its driving performance and plan a safe path. In order to deeply analyze the physical and mechanical properties of soil, it is necessary to measure the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil. The physical parameters of soil mainly include particle grading, particle specific gravity, bulk density and porosity, etc. These parameters can be measured and calculated more intuitively through soil mechanics methods; the mechanical property parameters of soil mainly include cohesion c, internal friction angle shear deformation modulus K, settlement index n, cohesion deformation modulus k c and friction deformation modulus, etc., where c, and K are used to characterize the shear properties of the soil, and k c , and n are mainly used to characterize the bearing capacity of soil.

[0003] At present, the devices used to measure soil mechanical properties are generally limited to measuring a single aspect of soil mechanical properties. The soil mechanical properties can only be comprehensively measured by using different measuring devices. There is a lack of devices for comprehensive measurement of soil mechanical properties. Even for devices that can comprehensively measure soil pressure and shear properties, it is necessary to constantly disassemble and install pressure plates or shear plates when conducting soil pressure tests and shear tests. When measuring soil pressure and shear using the above two measurement methods, not only will the operation be cumbersome, but it will also be time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0004] In view of this, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer, aiming to solve the problem that the current pressure and shear measurements are complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: A self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer, comprising: A housing having a receiving cavity therein; A drill bit is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the housing; A penetration drive assembly is disposed in the accommodating cavity and is used to drive the drill bit to penetrate into the soil to be tested; A plurality of shear plates are slidably disposed inside the drill bit; A shearing drive assembly is disposed in the accommodating cavity; the shearing drive assembly cooperates with the shearing plate to slide the shearing plate out of the drill bit and drive the shearing plate to rotate and shear the soil to be tested; A fixing assembly is slidably disposed in the accommodating cavity; the shear drive assembly cooperates with the fixing assembly to fix the housing and the soil to be tested; The measuring sensor is arranged inside the drill bit and is used to collect the penetration resistance data under pressure and the rotation torque data under shear.

[0007] According to the above technical means, the present application integrates two measuring devices into one device, which is not only convenient for operation but also convenient for carrying, saving time and effort.

[0008] Further, the penetration drive assembly comprises: A drop hammer, slidably disposed in the accommodating cavity; The electromagnetic coil is arranged around the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; the electromagnetic coil cooperates with the drop hammer to drive the drop hammer to rise and fall.

[0009] According to the above technical means, by passing current in different directions into the electromagnetic coil, the rise and fall of the drop hammer can be achieved, thereby providing power for the penetration of the penetrometer.

[0010] Further, the shear drive assembly comprises: A driving motor is arranged inside the accommodating cavity; A flange is rotatably disposed inside the accommodating cavity; the driving motor is connected to the flange to drive the flange to rotate, and the measuring sensor is located at the bottom of the flange; A cam assembly is arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor; the cam assembly is rotatably matched with the drill bit, and the cam assembly is matched with the shear plate. The shear plate can be driven to slide by the rotation of the cam assembly.

[0011] According to the above technical means, shear measurement of the soil to be measured can be achieved through the driving motor, flange and cam assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the cam assembly comprises: A rotating block is arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor; An annular groove is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating block; an arc groove is arranged inside the annular groove, and the arc groove matches with the shear plate.

[0013] According to the above technical means, the shear plate can be driven to extend out of the drill bit during the rotation of the rotating block through the arc groove on the rotating block and the annular groove, thereby effectively improving the working efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixing assembly includes: A sliding plate is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; a screw rod is coaxially arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor, and the bottom of the screw rod is connected to the flange through a ratchet assembly; the sliding plate is threadedly matched with the screw rod; A plurality of support rods are radially rotatably disposed at the bottom of the sliding plate; A guide is arranged on the screw rod; the guide cooperates with the plurality of support rods to guide the plurality of support rods to open; A plurality of extension openings are radially arranged on the shell to connect the accommodating cavity with the outside; the extension openings correspond to the support rods one by one and are used for extending the support rods.

[0015] According to the above technical means, the sliding plate cooperates with the screw rod to move the multiple support rods downward, and cooperates with the guide and the extension port to open the multiple support rods, slide out of the shell, and fix them inside the soil to be tested.

[0016] Furthermore, the ratchet assembly comprises: A fixing member, arranged on the outer surface of the screw rod; A ratchet is sleeved on the outer surface of the screw rod; a first spring is arranged at the bottom of the fixing member, and one end of the first spring away from the fixing member is arranged at the top of the ratchet; A ratchet is arranged on the flange; a rotating hole is arranged inside the ratchet, and the bottom of the screw rod is rotatably arranged in the rotating hole; the ratchet cooperates with the ratchet teeth, and when the screw rod rotates forward, the ratchet teeth and the ratchet wheel are in a non-engaged state, the ratchet teeth rotate, and the ratchet wheel does not rotate; when the screw rod rotates reversely, the ratchet teeth and the ratchet wheel are in an engaged state, and the ratchet teeth and the ratchet wheel rotate synchronously.

[0017] According to the above technical means, the fixing of the housing and the extension and rotation of the shear plate can be achieved through the cooperation of the fixing member, the ratchet and the ratchet wheel.

[0018] Furthermore, an arc-shaped groove is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating block, an elastic pull rope is arranged in the arc-shaped groove, and one end of the elastic pull rope away from the arc-shaped groove is arranged on the inner wall of the drill bit.

[0019] According to the above technical means, by arranging an arc-shaped groove and an elastic pull rope on the rotating block, the shear plate can be reset under the action of the elastic pull rope after the experiment.

[0020] Furthermore, a plurality of shear holes are radially arranged on the outer surface of the drill bit, and the shear holes correspond one-to-one to the shear plates.

[0021] According to the above technical means, a plurality of shear holes are provided on the outer surface of the drill bit to facilitate the shear plate to slide out of the drill bit.

[0022] Furthermore, a hinge is provided on the inner wall of the shear hole to cover the shear hole.

[0023] According to the above technical means, by arranging a hinge on the inner wall of the shear hole, it can be used to shield the shear hole and prevent soil or dust from entering the interior of the drill bit.

[0024] Furthermore, a sliding block is arranged on the outer side of the sliding plate, a sliding groove is opened on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and the sliding block cooperates with the sliding groove.

[0025] According to the above technical means, by arranging a slider on the outer side of the sliding plate and arranging a sliding groove on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, a guiding function can be provided for the sliding plate to prevent the sliding plate from rotating or deviating.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the present invention, a accommodating cavity is provided inside the shell, a drill bit is rotatably provided at the bottom of the shell, a penetration drive assembly is provided inside the accommodating cavity to penetrate the drill bit into the interior of the soil to be tested, a plurality of shear plates are slidably provided inside the drill bit, and a shear drive assembly and a fixing assembly are provided inside the accommodating cavity, the shear drive assembly cooperates with the plurality of shear plates and the fixing assembly to slide the plurality of shear plates out of the drill bit, and the shell is fixed to the soil to be tested through the fixing assembly, and then the shear drive assembly is used to drive the shear plates to rotate; penetration and rotational shearing of the soil to be tested can be achieved through the cooperation of the penetration drive assembly, the shear drive assembly, the fixing assembly and the shear plate, and the penetration and rotational shearing of the soil to be tested can be achieved through the measurement sensor, and the bearing pressure penetration resistance data and the shearing rotational torque data can be collected, thereby achieving penetration bearing pressure and rotational shearing measurement; relative to the prior art, the present application integrates two measuring devices into one device, which is not only convenient to operate, but also convenient to carry, and more time-saving and labor-saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the shell of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drive motor of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A is an enlarged schematic diagram.

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in FIG.

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the chute structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the shear plate structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the rotating block structure of the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support rod of the present invention in an open state.

[0036] The numbers in the figure are as follows: 1. housing; 11. accommodating cavity; 12. slide groove; 2. drill bit; 21. shear hole; 3. penetration drive assembly; 31. drop hammer; 32. electromagnetic coil; 4. shear plate; 5. shear drive assembly; 51. drive motor; 52. flange; 53. cam assembly; 531. rotating block; 532. annular groove; 533. arc groove; 534. arc groove; 6. fixing assembly; 61. sliding plate; 62. support rod; 63. guide; 64. extension port; 65. slider; 7. measuring sensor; 8. ratchet assembly; 81. fixing piece; 82. ratchet; 83. first spring; 84. ratchet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0040] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, this embodiment provides a self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer, which can be specifically referred to as follows: As attached Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 and attached Fig. 9 As shown, a self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer includes a housing 1, a drill bit 2, a penetration drive assembly 3, a plurality of shear plates 4, a shear drive assembly 5, a fixing assembly 6 and a measuring sensor 7; the housing 1 is cylindrical, a receiving cavity 11 is arranged inside the housing 1, the penetration drive assembly 3 is arranged inside the receiving cavity 11, and the drill bit 2 can be driven to penetrate into the interior of the soil to be measured by the penetration drive assembly 3; the drill bit 2 is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the housing 1, and a plurality of shear plates 4 are slidably arranged inside the drill bit 2, and the shear plates 4 can slide out or retract the drill bit 2 under the action of external force; the shear drive assembly 5 is arranged inside the receiving cavity 11, and the shear drive assembly 5 and the measuring sensor 7 are fixed to the housing 11; the housing 1 is cylindrical, a receiving cavity 11 is arranged inside the housing 1, and the penetration drive assembly 3 ... The shear plate 4 cooperates with the drill bit 2 to drive the shear plate 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2. At the same time, after the shear plate 4 slides out of the drill bit 2, the shear plate 4 can be driven to rotate to rotationally shear the soil to be measured; the fixing component 6 is slidably arranged inside the accommodating cavity 11, and the shear drive component 5 is connected to the fixing component 6, which can drive the fixing component 6 to move to fix the outer shell 1 and the soil to be measured, thereby providing support force for the measurement of the shearing soil to be measured; the measuring sensor 7 is arranged inside the drill bit 2, and the measuring sensor 7 cooperates with the drill bit 2 and the outer shell 1, so as to collect the penetration resistance data when the penetrometer penetrates the soil to be measured and the rotation torque data of the shear plate 4 shearing the soil to be measured.

[0041] Specifically, the self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer can cooperate with the support tube to realize automatic penetration into the soil to be measured, and the support tube is used to maintain the vertical state of the self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer. The bottom of the drill bit 2 abuts against the surface of the soil to be measured, and the penetration drive component 3 is started. The penetration drive component 3 is inside the accommodating cavity 11 and acts on the drill bit 2, so that the drill bit 2 penetrates the soil to be measured; in the pressure measurement of the penetrometer, the penetration drive component 3 can be started multiple times to realize multiple penetrations of the penetrometer, and the penetration resistance data of the soil to be measured by the measuring sensor 7 are collected multiple times, so that the pressure measurement of the soil to be measured can be completed; At the same time, the penetration drive component 3 can be started multiple times to penetrate the drill bit 2 into the soil to be tested to a certain depth, and then the shear drive component 5 can be started to fix the fixing component 6 inside the soil to be tested, so that the outer shell 1 is fixed, and then the shear drive component 5 cooperates with the shear plate 4 to make multiple shear plates 4 slide out of the drill bit 2 synchronously and form a cross shape on the outside of the drill bit 2, and then under the action of the shear drive component 5, the shear plate 4 and the drill bit 2 are driven to rotate relative to the outer shell 1. At this time, the measuring sensor 7 can collect the rotational torque data when shearing the soil to be tested, and the shear measurement of the soil to be tested can be completed; finally, the shear plate 4 can be retracted through the shear drive component 5, and the penetration instrument can be retracted.

[0042] Through the cooperation of the penetration drive component 3, the drill bit 2 and the outer shell 1, the penetration action of the soil to be tested can be completed, and the pressure data of the soil to be tested can be collected by the measuring sensor 7, thereby completing the penetration pressure measurement of the soil to be tested; through the cooperation of the shear drive component 5, the fixing component 6 and the shear plate 4, the rotational shearing of the soil to be tested can be realized, and the shearing data can be collected by the measuring sensor 7, thereby completing the penetration shear measurement of the soil to be tested; compared with the prior art, the present application integrates two measuring devices into one device, which is not only convenient to operate, but also convenient to carry, and saves time and effort.

[0043] In this embodiment, an annular groove is provided at the bottom of the housing 1, and a rotating groove is provided at the top of the drill bit 2. The rotating groove is sleeved on the outer surface of the annular groove, and the rotating groove and the annular groove are interference fit; at the same time, a gap is provided between the top wall of the rotating groove and the top wall of the annular groove to facilitate the drill bit 2 to penetrate the soil to be tested, so that the resistance of the soil to be tested is applied to the measuring sensor 7.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in the attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 6 As shown, the penetration drive assembly 3 includes a drop hammer 31 and an electromagnetic coil 32. The drop hammer 31 is slidably arranged inside the accommodating cavity 11 of the housing 1, and the electromagnetic coil 32 is arranged around the interior of the accommodating cavity 11. The electromagnetic coil 32 is connected to an external power-carrying device. When current is passed through the electromagnetic coil 32, the drop hammer 31 can have an upward or downward force.

[0045] Furthermore, by controlling the current size, direction and power-on time in the electromagnetic coil 32, the size and duration of the downward force on the drop weight 31 can be precisely adjusted, thereby controlling the motion state of the drop weight 31, such as the falling speed and acceleration.

[0046] The parameters of the electromagnetic coil 32 need to be reasonably designed based on factors such as the required force of the drop hammer 31 or the size of the accommodating cavity 11. The parameters of the electromagnetic coil 32 include the number of turns, wire diameter, and material. Generally speaking, increasing the number of turns and wire diameter can increase the magnetic field strength of the coil, but it will also increase power consumption and cost.

[0047] The material of the drop weight 31 should have good magnetic conductivity or contain suitable magnetic elements to ensure that it can effectively interact with the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 32; in addition, the shape and mass distribution of the drop weight 31 will also affect its force conditions and movement stability in the magnetic field, and can be optimized according to the shape required for measurement or the structure in the accommodating cavity 11; under the premise of meeting the volume and conductivity requirements, high-density metals should be used as much as possible.

[0048] By charging a positive current into the electromagnetic coil 32, the drop hammer 31 can be moved upward, and at the same time, the gravity of the drop hammer 31 acts on the shell 1 and the drill bit 2 through the magnetic field, so that the penetrometer has a force to penetrate the soil to be tested; when the drop hammer 31 moves to the top of the electromagnetic coil 32, a reverse current can be charged into the electromagnetic coil 32. At this time, the electromagnetic coil 32 applies a downward force to the drop hammer 31, and the drop hammer 31 falls quickly and hammers on the drill bit 2, so that the drill bit 2 and the shell 1 penetrate into the soil to be tested.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in the attached Figure 3 , Attachment Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 As shown, the shear drive assembly 5 includes a drive motor 51, a flange 52 and a cam assembly 53. The drive motor 51 is arranged inside the accommodating cavity 11, and the flange 52 is rotatably arranged inside the accommodating cavity 11. The drive motor 51 is connected to the flange 52 to drive the flange 52 to rotate, and the measuring sensor 7 is located at the bottom of the flange 52, and the measuring sensor 7 is rotated with the drill bit 2; the cam assembly 53 is arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor 7, and the cam assembly 53 is rotated with the drill bit 2, and the cam assembly 53 is matched with the shear plate 4. When the drive motor 51 drives the flange 52 to rotate, the measuring sensor 7 is rotated with the drill bit 2. The sensor 7 and the cam assembly 53 rotate synchronously. When the cam assembly 53 rotates, it can drive the shear plate 4 to slide toward the outside of the drill bit 2 until part of the shear plate 4 slides to the outside of the drill bit 2, and the part of the shear plate 4 located inside the drill bit 2 abuts against the cam assembly 53. At this time, the shear plate 4 is in an open state, forming a cross shape. At this time, the drive motor 51 and the measuring sensor 7 are started again. The drive motor 51 can drive the shear plate 4 and the drill bit 2 to rotate, and the measuring sensor 7 can be used to collect the rotational torque data when the shear plate 4 shears the soil to be tested, thereby completing the measurement of the shearing of the soil to be tested.

[0050] In this embodiment, a connecting rod is coaxially arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor 51 , and one end of the connecting rod away from the driving motor 51 is coaxially connected to the flange 52 , thereby achieving connection between the driving motor 51 and the flange 52 .

[0051] The flange 52 and the measuring sensor 7 are fixed by bolts, and the cam assembly 53 and the measuring sensor 7 are also fixed by bolts; when the drop hammer 31 penetrates, the drop hammer 31 hits the surface of the flange 52, acts on the drill bit 2 through the flange 52, the measuring sensor 7 and the cam assembly 53, and the drill bit 2 can penetrate into the interior of the soil to be measured, wherein the reaction force of the penetration will be transmitted to the measuring sensor 7 through the cam assembly 53, so that the measuring sensor 7 can complete the pressure measurement of the penetration.

[0052] Furthermore, a limit member is provided on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11, and the limit member is a prior art (for example, two annular groove plates are provided on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11, and the flange 52 is located between the two annular groove plates and can rotate between the two annular groove plates; or a rotating groove is opened on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11, and the flange 52 rotates in the rotating groove), which is used to limit the vertical movement of the flange 52 in the accommodating cavity 11 to prevent the flange 52 from moving together when the drill bit 2 moves toward the outer shell 1. At this time, the flange 52 and the drill bit 2 are slidingly matched; at the same time, the flange 52 and the outer shell 1 are relatively rotated to facilitate the flange 52 to rotate relative to the outer shell 1 when it is limited.

[0053] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 7 and attached Figure 8 As shown, the cam assembly 53 includes a rotating block 531 and an annular groove 532. The rotating block 531 is arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor 7. The rotating block 531 is cylindrical. An annular groove 532 is provided on the outer surface of the rotating block 531, so that the cross-section of the rotating block 531 is arranged in an "I" shape, and the shear plate 4 is slidably arranged in the annular groove 532; the top wall and the bottom wall of the annular groove 532 are provided with mutually symmetrical arc grooves 533, wherein the top wall and the bottom wall of the annular groove 532 are radially provided with a plurality of arc grooves 533, and the arc grooves 533 correspond to the shear plate 4, and a round rod is provided on the side of the shear plate 4 away from the outer surface of the drill bit 2, and the round rod is slidably arranged in the arc groove 533, and the other end of the shear plate 4 slides with the hole on the inner wall of the drill bit 2, and the hole on the inner wall of the drill bit 2 also provides a guiding effect for the shear plate 4 to prevent the shear plate 4 from tilting under the rotation of the rotating block 531.

[0054] Specifically, when the measuring sensor 7 drives the rotating block 531 to rotate, the arc groove 533 in the rotating block 531 can rotate in the same direction, and the arc groove 533 can squeeze the round rod on the shear plate 4 to slide toward the outside of the drill bit 2, thereby driving the shear plate 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2 and realize the extension of the shear plate 4; at this time, one end of the arc groove 533 abuts against the round rod, and when the rotating block 531 rotates, the rotating block 531 and the arc groove 533 will drive the shear plate 4 to rotate.

[0055] A ball bearing may be provided on the top wall where the drill bit 2 contacts the bottom wall of the rotating block 531 to ensure that the rotating block 531 can rotate relative to the drill bit 2 to drive the shear plate 4 to slide out.

[0056] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 2 and attached Figure 4 As shown, the fixing assembly 6 includes a sliding plate 61, a plurality of support rods 62, a guide 63 and a plurality of protruding openings 64. The sliding plate 61 is vertically slidably arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11, and the connecting rod on the output shaft of the driving motor 51 is a screw rod, and the bottom of the screw rod is connected to the flange 52 through the ratchet assembly 8. When the screw rod rotates forward, the ratchet teeth 82 and the ratchet wheel 84 are not engaged, and the screw rod cannot drive the flange 52 to rotate. When the screw rod is reversed, the ratchet teeth 82 and the ratchet wheel 84 are engaged, and the screw rod can drive the flange 52 to rotate; a threaded hole is arranged at the center of the sliding plate 61, and the threaded hole cooperates with the screw rod thread. Through the rotation of the screw rod, the sliding plate 61 can be driven to slide vertically inside the accommodating cavity 11; a plurality of support rods 62 are radially arranged at the bottom of the sliding plate 61, and the plurality of support rods 62 can be opened into an umbrella shape or merged on the surface of the screw rod; a guide 63 is also arranged on the screw rod, and the guide The guide 63 is located at the lower position of the screw rod, and the guide 63 cooperates with multiple support rods 62. When the sliding plate 61 drives the multiple support rods 62 to move downward, the multiple support rods 62 can be opened under the action of the guide 63; a plurality of extension openings 64 are radially arranged on the shell 1, and the multiple extension openings 64 correspond to the multiple support rods 62 one by one. When the multiple support rods 62 are in an open state under the action of the guide 63, they continue to open as the sliding plate 61 moves downward, and move in a direction away from the center of the accommodating cavity 11 until the support rod 62 slides to the extension opening 64, and under the action of the sliding plate 61, the extension opening 64 is passed through and located outside the shell 1. Under the continuous downward movement of the sliding plate 61, the support rod 62 is inserted into the interior of the soil to be measured and fixed, so that the shell 1 and the soil to be measured are fixed to facilitate the subsequent shear measurement of the soil to be measured.

[0057] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 6As shown, a slider 65 is disposed on the outer side of the sliding plate 61 , and a slide groove 12 is provided on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11 . The slide groove 12 cooperates with the slider 65 to provide a guide for the sliding plate 61 .

[0058] In this embodiment, a chamfer is provided on the top of the guide 63 to guide the support rod 62 to be expanded.

[0059] In this embodiment, a hinge is provided at the extension opening 64 to cover the extension opening 64 to prevent external soil or dust from entering the accommodating cavity 11 .

[0060] In this embodiment, as shown in the attached Figure 5 As shown, the ratchet assembly 8 includes a fixing member 81, a ratchet 82 and a ratchet 84. The fixing member 81 is arranged on the outer surface of the screw rod. The lower half of the screw rod is a smooth rod, and the fixing member 81 is fixed on the outer surface of the smooth rod. The ratchet 82 is sleeved on the outer surface of the smooth rod and is located at the bottom of the fixing member 81. The ratchet 82 slides in the vertical direction of the smooth rod and rotates as the smooth rod rotates. A first spring 83 is arranged at the bottom of the fixing member 81. The first spring 83 is sleeved on the smooth rod, and the first spring 83 The end away from the fixed frame is arranged on the top wall of the ratchet 82; the ratchet 84 is arranged on the flange 52, and a rotating hole is arranged inside the ratchet 84, the light rod is rotatably arranged in the rotating hole, and the ratchet 84 cooperates with the ratchet 82, when the screw rod rotates forward, the ratchet 82 rotates relative to the ratchet 84, and cannot drive the flange 52 to rotate, and the first spring 83 will be compressed under the rotation of the ratchet 82; when the screw rod is reversed, the ratchet 82 can drive the ratchet 84 and the flange 52 to rotate.

[0061] Since the screw rod and the flange 52 are connected by the ratchet assembly 8, the reverse rotation of the screw rod can drive the flange 52 and the rotating block 531 to rotate, that is, the rotating block 531 drives the shear plate 4 to slide out of the drill bit 2; when the screw rod rotates forward to retract the fixing assembly 6, it cannot drive the flange 52 and the rotating block 531 to reverse. At this time, part of the shear plate 4 is located outside the drill bit 2. If the penetrometer is pulled out directly, it will be more difficult and not easy to operate.

[0062] In this embodiment, an arc-shaped groove 534 is provided on the outer surface of the rotating block 531, and an elastic pull rope is provided in the arc-shaped groove 534, and the end of the elastic pull rope away from the arc-shaped groove 534 is provided on the inner wall of the drill bit 2; when the rotating block 531 rotates under the force of the reverse rotation of the screw rod, the rotating block 531 will pull the elastic pull rope, and the elastic pull rope has a certain elastic force at this time; when the screw rod rotates forward and retracts the fixing component 6, the flange 52 is not subjected to the force at this time, and the rotating block 531 will reverse under the force of the elastic pull rope, and the arc-shaped groove 533 inside the rotating block 531 can drive the shear plate 4 to slide toward the inside of the drill bit 2, thereby completing the resetting of the shear plate 4.

[0063] The arc-shaped draw groove 534 is used to place the elastic draw rope, and provides a holding space for the elastic draw rope when the rotating block 531 rotates.

[0064] In this embodiment, the hole on the inner wall of the drill bit 2 is a shear hole 21, and the shear holes 21 are radially arranged on the outer surface of the drill bit 2, and the shear holes 21 correspond to the shear plates 4 one by one; wherein, a hinge is arranged on the inner wall of the shear hole 21, and the hinge is a prior art; the hinge is used to shield the shear hole 21 to prevent soil from entering the shear hole 21 when the drill bit 2 penetrates the soil to be tested, causing the shear hole 21 to be blocked.

[0065] In this embodiment, a through hole is provided at the center of the drop hammer 31, and the through hole is sleeved on the screw rod. When the drop hammer 31 rises under the action of the electromagnetic coil 32, the through hole can slide up and down on the outer surfaces of the multiple support rods 62 and the screw rod to avoid interference with the support rods 62 or the screw rod; at the same time, a chamfer is provided on the top of the drop hammer 31. When the support rod 62 is opened, the chamfer of the drop hammer 31 can also provide a guiding effect for the support rod 62 to open.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in the attached Figure 2 As shown, a rear end cover is provided on the top of the housing 1, and a step is provided on the top of the accommodating cavity 11. The drive motor 51 is located at the top of the step and cooperates with the top wall of the step, and the rear end cover is connected to the inner wall of the accommodating cavity 11 through a thread, and the rear end cover abuts against the top of the drive motor 51, thereby fixing the drive motor 51 inside the accommodating cavity 11.

[0067] In this embodiment, the bottom of the rear end cover is provided with barbs, which cooperate with the top of the driving motor 51 to prevent the driving motor 51 from sliding.

[0068] In this embodiment, the measuring sensor 7 is a tension-torsion sensor, which is a columnar resistance strain sensor. The tension-torsion sensor has bottom outlets and is small in size, high in precision, and high in response frequency.

[0069] The present application provides a self-driven pressure and shear penetrometer, which includes a housing 1, a drill bit 2, a penetration drive assembly 3, a plurality of shear plates 4, a shear drive assembly 5, a fixing assembly 6 and a measuring sensor 7; specifically, the penetrometer is vertically erected on the surface of the soil to be measured by the support of a tripod; then the penetrometer can be started, and an external power supply energizes the electromagnetic coil 32 inside the penetrometer to generate an electromagnetic field with an electromagnetic force upward, and a drop hammer 31 is slowly lifted up under the action of the electromagnetic force. During the lifting process of the drop hammer 31, the electromagnetic force also generates a downward reaction force on the penetrometer, so that the penetrometer has a tendency to move downward; when the drop hammer 31 is lifted to a specified height, the external power supply energizes the electromagnetic coil 32 in the reverse direction to generate an electromagnetic field with an electromagnetic force downward, and the drop hammer 31 performs an accelerated falling motion downward under the action of gravity and the electromagnetic force, The drop hammer 31 hammers the flange 52 downward, so that the drill bit 2 penetrates downward into the soil to be tested, and then the entire penetrometer hammers downward to penetrate. According to different requirements of the penetration impact force, the magnitude of the downward electromagnetic force can be controlled by controlling the magnitude of the electromagnetic field, and then the magnitude of the penetration force can be controlled; the penetrometer hammers downward to penetrate the soil to be tested, and the penetration resistance of the soil to be tested to the penetrometer acts on the drill bit 2, and further acts on the measuring sensor 7. The measuring sensor 7 feeds back data information to the computer to realize data collection; repeating the penetration action of the penetrometer can realize continuous hammer penetration and penetration resistance data acquisition, and complete the data collection work of the penetrometer hammer penetration and penetration resistance; When the penetration meter hammers into the specified depth, the electromagnetic coil 32 stops supplying power, and the penetration meter stops hammering and penetrating; the drive motor 51 at the rear end of the penetration meter starts, and the drive motor 51 rotates forward to drive the screw to rotate forward, and as the screw rotates, the sliding plate 61 moves downward, thereby driving the multiple support rods 62 to move slowly downward, and when the support rod 62 contacts the guide 63, the support rod 62 will be guided by the guide 63, slowly open, push open the hinge at the extension port 64, extend from the extension port 64, and insert into the soil to be tested, and as the sliding plate 61 moves downward, the multiple support rods 62 gradually expand and extend, and finally are fully inserted and fixed in the soil to be tested; After the fixing assembly 6 is fixed, the driving motor 51 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the screw to rotate in the opposite direction, and then driving the ratchet 82 at the front end of the screw to rotate in the opposite direction and mesh with the ratchet 84, so that the ratchet 84 rotates in the opposite direction, and the ratchet 84 drives the rotating block 531 to rotate, and the rotating block 531 meshes with the shear plate 4. As the rotating block 531 rotates, the shear plate 4 is pushed out, against the hinge outside the drill bit 2, and extends out from the shear hole 21 where the hinge is located, and is inserted into the soil to be tested. As the rotating shear plate 4 is unfolded, it is completely inserted into the soil to be tested. When the screw rotates in the opposite direction, the rotating block 531 only needs to rotate 90 degrees or less, and the screw will also drive the sliding plate 61 to rotate upward. Since the reverse rotation angle of the screw is small, since it only drives the sliding plate 61 to move upward a very small distance, it will not affect the fixation of the support rod 62. When the shear plate 4 is fully unfolded, the driving motor 51 continues to rotate in the reverse direction. At this time, since all mechanisms have been fully constrained, continued rotation will drive the drill bit 2 to rotate, thereby driving the shear plate 4 to rotate and shear the soil to be tested. At the same time, the support rod 62 of the fixing assembly 6 is inserted and fixed in the soil to be tested, offsetting the reaction force generated by the shear plate 4 shearing the soil to be tested, so that the penetrometer housing 1 will not rotate; The torque data generated by the shear plate 4 shearing the soil to be measured is transmitted to the computer through the measuring sensor 7, so that the collection of rotational torque data is realized, and the shear measurement of the penetrometer can be completed.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the schemes disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in this scheme. The description and examples are to be regarded as exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are indicated by the claims.

Claims

1. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer, characterized in that: include: A housing having a receiving cavity therein; A drill bit is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the housing; A penetration drive assembly is disposed in the accommodating cavity and is used to drive the drill bit to penetrate into the soil to be tested; A plurality of shear plates are slidably disposed inside the drill bit; A shearing drive assembly is disposed in the accommodating cavity; the shearing drive assembly cooperates with the shearing plate to slide the shearing plate out of the drill bit and drive the shearing plate to rotate and shear the soil to be tested; A fixing assembly is slidably disposed in the accommodating cavity; the shear drive assembly cooperates with the fixing assembly to fix the housing and the soil to be tested; The measuring sensor is arranged inside the drill bit and is used to collect the penetration resistance data under pressure and the rotation torque data under shear.

2. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The penetration drive assembly comprises: A drop hammer, slidably disposed in the accommodating cavity; The electromagnetic coil is arranged around the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; the electromagnetic coil cooperates with the drop hammer to drive the drop hammer to rise and fall.

3. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear drive assembly comprises: A driving motor is arranged inside the accommodating cavity; A flange is rotatably disposed inside the accommodating cavity; the driving motor is connected to the flange to drive the flange to rotate, and the measuring sensor is located at the bottom of the flange; A cam assembly is arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor; the cam assembly is rotatably matched with the drill bit, and the cam assembly is matched with the shear plate. The shear plate can be driven to slide by the rotation of the cam assembly.

4. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cam assembly comprises: A rotating block is arranged at the bottom of the measuring sensor; An annular groove is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating block; an arc groove is arranged inside the annular groove, and the arc groove cooperates with the shear plate.

5. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing assembly comprises: A sliding plate is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity; a screw rod is coaxially arranged on the output shaft of the driving motor, and the bottom of the screw rod is connected to the flange through a ratchet assembly; the sliding plate is threadedly matched with the screw rod; A plurality of support rods are radially rotatably disposed at the bottom of the sliding plate; A guide is arranged on the screw rod; the guide cooperates with the plurality of support rods to guide the plurality of support rods to open; A plurality of extension openings are radially arranged on the shell to connect the accommodating cavity with the outside; the extension openings correspond to the support rods one by one and are used for extending the support rods.

6. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ratchet assembly comprises: A fixing member, arranged on the outer surface of the screw rod; A ratchet is sleeved on the outer surface of the screw rod; a first spring is arranged at the bottom of the fixing member, and one end of the first spring away from the fixing member is arranged at the top of the ratchet; A ratchet is arranged on the flange; a rotating hole is arranged inside the ratchet, and the bottom of the screw rod is rotatably arranged in the rotating hole; the ratchet cooperates with the ratchet teeth, and when the screw rod rotates forward, the ratchet teeth and the ratchet wheel are in a non-engaged state, the ratchet teeth rotate, and the ratchet wheel does not rotate; when the screw rod rotates reversely, the ratchet teeth and the ratchet wheel are in an engaged state, and the ratchet teeth and the ratchet wheel rotate synchronously.

7. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 5, characterized in that: An arc-shaped groove is arranged on the outer surface of the rotating block, an elastic draw rope is arranged in the arc-shaped groove, and one end of the elastic draw rope away from the arc-shaped groove is arranged on the inner wall of the drill bit.

8. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the drill bit is radially provided with a plurality of shear holes, and the shear holes correspond to the shear plates one by one.

9. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The inner wall of the shearing hole is provided with a hinge to cover the shearing hole.

10. A self-propelled pressure and shear penetrometer according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sliding block is arranged on the outer side of the sliding plate, a sliding groove is opened on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, and the sliding block matches with the sliding groove.

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