Aerospace metal material defect detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses an aerospace metal material defect detection device and a detection method, and relates to the technical field of surface defect optical detection. The aerospace metal material defect detection device comprises a scanning instrument and a computer, the scanning instrument scans the surface of an aerospace metal material and then transmits data to the computer for display, the scanning instrument comprises an instrument box, an operation panel is installed in the instrument box, and a shading structure is further arranged in the instrument box; the optical scanner is mounted in the instrument box through a bracket; according to the multifunctional clamp, different types of material samples can be clamped without replacing the clamp by adjusting the clamping mode, even a flat plate sample can be subjected to bending detection, at the moment, flaws of a bent surface are amplified, new flaws still appear if the quality of the material is not qualified, and therefore the quality of the material can be judged more easily and more accurately; and the strict requirement for the quality of aerospace metal materials is met, operation is easy, multiple purposes are achieved, and use is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optical detection of surface defects, and in particular to an aerospace metal material defect detection device and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] Aerospace metal materials, as the name implies, refer to various metal materials used in aircraft and parts. These materials usually have the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., and are indispensable key materials in the aerospace industry. Common aerospace metal materials include magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys and high-temperature alloys. Aerospace vehicles are subject to huge aerodynamic and thermal forces during high-speed flight. If there are defects on the surface of metal parts, such as cracks, scratches, rust, etc., these defects may expand during flight, causing component failure, and then cause safety accidents. Therefore, through metal surface defect detection, these potential safety hazards can be discovered and repaired in time to ensure flight safety. In addition, aerospace products have extremely high quality requirements, and any minor defects may cause the performance of the entire product to deteriorate or even fail. Metal surface defect detection helps to detect and eliminate these defects in time during the production process, and improve the overall quality and reliability of the product.

[0003] Publication No. CN104101612B discloses a planar material surface defect detection device, comprising a main frame, a linear light source mounted on the main frame, and at least one detection module mounted on the main frame; the main frame comprises two columns located on both sides and a beam fixedly mounted on the two columns, and a sliding guide rod is provided on the beam; the detection module comprises a mounting seat slidably mounted on the sliding guide rod, and a CCD image sensor and a dot matrix laser are installed on the mounting seat, respectively, which are located on both sides of the beam; linear light source mounting seats are respectively provided on the two columns, and the two ends of the linear light source are respectively mounted on two linear light source mounting seats, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position of the linear light source in a direction perpendicular to the beam is provided between the linear light source mounting seat and the linear light source. The planar material surface defect detection device of the invention can realize defect detection on the surface of the planar material in a full coverage manner.

[0004] As shown in this technology, existing surface defect detection of flat materials usually uses laser scanning to scan the surface of the material to accurately display the surface contour of the material and then identify whether there are defects. However, it only scans normal materials that are not affected by external forces. When applied to aerospace metal materials with higher requirements, such materials will undergo different degrees of deformation processing during actual use. Usually, the early samples are tested during defect detection. At this time, the deformation state is different from that after processing. If the surface defects of aerospace metal materials are not obvious or the local strength of the surface is insufficient, the defects may be enlarged or new defects may appear after deformation. However, it cannot be detected by existing detection instruments in the early stage, so the reliability of the detection data will be reduced. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an aerospace metal material defect detection device and a detection method, which solves the problem that the existing scanning instruments cannot simulate the surface defects of aerospace metal materials after deformation processing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an aerospace metal material defect detection device, including a scanning instrument and a computer, the scanning instrument scans the surface of the aerospace metal material and transmits the data to the computer for display, the scanning instrument includes: An instrument box, in which an operation panel is installed, and a light shielding structure is also provided inside the instrument box; An optical scanner is mounted in the instrument box via a bracket; A material holding table is arranged below the optical scanner; A multifunctional fixture is placed on a material holding table to clamp the material to be tested. The material holding table drives the material to be tested to move through the multifunctional fixture to limit the slippage of the material to be tested. The multifunctional fixture has the function of clamping block materials and plate materials, and the multifunctional fixture supports bending detection of plate materials; The multifunctional fixture is composed of a frame and a fixture thereon that is synchronously driven to move in opposite directions, and the fixture integrates multiple types of clamping positions. A base supporting the material to be tested is arranged at the center inside the frame, and the base pushes up the center of the plate material when the plate material is subjected to bending test.

[0007] Preferably, the frame includes a bottom plate and end plates fixed at both ends of the top of the bottom plate, the two sides of the end plate are bent inward to form side plates, the bottom of the side plate is provided with positioning pins inserted into the bottom plate, the middle upper arch of the bottom plate is provided to install the base, and a connecting shaft is horizontally penetrated through the arched part of the bottom plate, the two sides of the base and the two side end plates are rotatably connected with screw rods, and the two screw rods are threaded in opposite directions to drive the two groups of clamps to move relative to each other, the two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected to the two screw rods through transmission parts, one end of the connecting shaft passes through one side end plate and is connected to a crank through a first gear set, and a support frame supporting the crank handle is installed on the side of the end plate.

[0008] Preferably, the clamp comprises: The bracket has a bottom portion that is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw rod through a threaded sleeve; The lower clamping plate, both sides of the bottom are rotatably connected to the two sides of the threaded sleeve through the pin shaft; The upper clamping plate is fixedly connected to the top of the upper clamping plate by bolts, and the upper clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are connected by reinforcing pins on one side of the bolts. The inner side of the top of the upper clamping plate has a light absorbing strip, and the light absorbing strip absorbs the laser of the optical scanner and reduces the reflected light to frame the detection area in the image; The rubber pad is placed between the lower splint and the upper splint to flexibly compress the panel material when in use.

[0009] Preferably, the lower clamping plate, the upper clamping plate and the bracket are all in a right-angle V-shape to clamp square block materials, the opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are provided with right-angle clamping grooves to clamp the plate material at a right angle, the ends of the opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are provided with flat clamping grooves flush with the right-angle clamping grooves for clamping the side edges of the plate material, and the opposite sides of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate and located on the outside of the right-angle clamping groove are provided with interlocking splines.

[0010] Preferably, slots are provided at the bottom of both ends of the lower clamping plate, and blocks adapted to the slots are provided at the top of both ends of the bracket. Long grooves corresponding to the pin shaft are provided on both sides of the threaded sleeve, and the pin shaft can slide in the long groove to connect or separate the plug block from the slot. The clamp clamps the plate material and separates the plug block from the slot before bending to allow the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate to deflect upward.

[0011] Preferably, the base includes an outer sleeve fixed to the top of the base plate by bolts, and a sealing gasket is crimped between the outer sleeve and the base plate, an inner sleeve is longitudinally slidably arranged inside the outer sleeve, a ball head push sleeve is slidably arranged inside the inner sleeve, the ball head push sleeve can slide up and extend out of the inner sleeve, and an inner edge is provided on the top of the inner sleeve to limit the ball head push sleeve from sliding out completely, a bottom cover is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner sleeve, sealing rings are provided on the outer sides of the bottom cover and the ball head push sleeve, a spring is abutted between the bottom cover and the base plate, and a through hole is opened in the center of the bottom cover, an air nozzle is connected to the bottom of the base plate, and the air nozzle is connected to the air pump through a pipeline, and exhaust is pumped into the outer sleeve to control the inner sleeve and the ball head push sleeve to slide down or move up.

[0012] Preferably, the instrument box consists of a bottom box and a box cover hinged by hinges at the rear side thereof, the box cover is hung with the front side of the bottom box by a buckle, a storage sponge is provided on the right side inside the bottom box, and a storage sponge is provided with a storage groove for accommodating an optical scanner and a multi-functional clamp, a guide groove is provided at the top of the bottom box and below the material holding platform, a dustproof isolation box is fixedly connected inside the bottom box and below the guide groove, a driving screw is rotatably connected inside the dustproof isolation box, a servo motor is fixedly connected inside the bottom box and at one end of the driving screw, and the output shaft of the servo motor is meshed with one end of the driving screw through a second gear set for transmission, the bottom of the material holding platform is threadedly connected to the driving screw through a threaded seat passing through the guide groove, a dustproof frame is engaged with the guide groove, and bristles are densely arranged on both sides of the inner side of the dustproof frame, positioning grooves are correspondingly provided at the bottom of the bottom plate and the top of the material holding platform, and when the bottom plate is placed on the top of the material holding platform, the positioning grooves are mutually engaged to limit the slippage of the bottom plate.

[0013] Preferably, two sets of fixing seats are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom box and located on the left side of the guide groove, the bracket consists of two columns and a mounting frame, the columns are inserted into the fixing seats when in use, the mounting frame is sleeved between the top ends of the two columns and tightened by bolts, the optical scanner is fixedly installed on the mounting frame, and two sets of placement seats are fixedly connected to the front side of the top of the bottom box for storing the columns.

[0014] Preferably, an inverted U-shaped frame is magnetically connected to the inner side of the box cover, a blackout curtain is provided on the back side of the inverted U-shaped frame, and one end of the blackout curtain is connected to the inner wall of the box cover, a shielding shell is fastened in the box cover by snaps, and the shielding shell is used to shield the stored blackout curtain, and both sides of the inner side of the top of the bottom box are provided with limiting sockets corresponding to the two ends of the inverted U-shaped frame, and the inverted U-shaped frame is pulled out and inserted into the limiting sockets so that the blackout curtain blocks the external light on both sides and the top.

[0015] The present invention also discloses a detection method based on an aerospace metal material defect detection device, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Material clamping: The aerospace metal material samples to be tested for surface defects are clamped on the multifunctional fixture in different installation methods according to their types; S2. Start the test: first start the program on the computer to control the material holding table to carry the multifunctional fixture and the material sample thereon to move, so that the material sample passes through the scanning area of ​​the optical scanner, and transmit the acquired scanning data to the computer for display; S3. Image analysis: Process the scanned data, obtain the scanned data of the material sample surface, and analyze the degree and area of ​​surface defects.

[0016] The present invention provides an aerospace metal material defect detection device and detection method. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects: 1. The aerospace metal material defect detection device sets a multifunctional fixture on the basis of the existing 3D optical scanner. Compared with the current solution of directly placing the sample on the test table, it can avoid some samples with curved surfaces, such as those with curved surfaces, from being unable to be placed stably during movement through stable clamping, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test results. In addition, the multifunctional fixture can adjust the clamping mode without changing the fixture to clamp samples of different types of materials, and can even bend flat plate samples for testing. At this time, the defects on the bent surface will be magnified, and new defects will appear if the material quality is unqualified. Therefore, it will be easier and more accurate to judge the quality of the material, ensuring the strict requirements for the quality of aerospace metal materials. In addition, the operation is simple, all-in-one and multi-purpose, and easy to use.

[0017] 2. The aerospace metal material defect detection device adopts a double V-shaped clamping method, and is also provided with clamping grooves and right-angle clamping grooves of different shapes. It can clamp cylindrical, spherical, square, sheet and other related material samples well. The clamp itself can also be deflected up and down, and the base can be pushed upward from the middle, so as to achieve the effect of pushing and squeezing and bending the sheet sample. It is easy to operate, and the base is controlled by pneumatic means, which is convenient for pushing from below without manual operation. After the base is retracted, it can provide normal support and can be elastically retracted. It does not affect the clamping and installation of concave sheet samples. It is practical and convenient.

[0018] 3. The aerospace metal material defect detection device adopts a double V-shaped clamping method, and is also provided with clamping grooves and right-angle clamping grooves of different shapes. It can clamp cylindrical, spherical, square, sheet and other related material samples well. The clamp itself can also be deflected up and down, and the base can be pushed upward from the middle, so as to achieve the effect of pushing and squeezing and bending the sheet sample. It is easy to operate, and the base is controlled by pneumatic means, which is convenient for pushing from below without manual operation. After the base is retracted, it can provide normal support and can be elastically retracted. It does not affect the clamping and installation of concave sheet samples. It is practical and convenient.

[0019] 4. The aerospace metal material defect detection device has a drawable and retractable blackout curtain on the box cover. If there is a strong light source nearby in the use environment, such as strong sunlight above when used outdoors or strong light above when used indoors, the blackout curtain can be drawn to block the interference of strong external light on the optical scanner light, thereby improving the detection accuracy to a certain extent. When not in use, the blackout curtain can be directly retracted and a shielding shell that is easy to disassemble and install can be used to block the blackout curtain, thereby maintaining the aesthetics of the equipment and preventing the blackout curtain from spreading out at will. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a state of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the second state of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention; Figure 4 An exploded view of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention; Figure 5 An exploded view of the clamp of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the lower splint of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention clamping a square sample; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention clamping the four sides of the plate sample; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the multifunctional clamp of the present invention clamping the four corners of a plate sample; Fig.10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the base of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the bottom box of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the material holding table and the positioning groove on the bottom plate of the present invention; Fig.13It is an exploded view of the box cover of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1-instrument box, 11-bottom box, 12-box cover, 13-storage sponge, 14-guide groove, 15-dustproof isolation box, 16-driving screw, 17-servo motor, 18-second gear set, 19-dustproof frame, 110-fixed seat, 111-placement seat, 112-inverted U-shaped frame, 113-shading curtain, 114-snap button, 115-shielding shell, 116-limiting plug sleeve; 2- Optical scanner; 3-material holding table, 31-positioning slot; 4-multifunctional fixture, 41-bottom plate, 42-base; 421-outer sleeve, 422-sealing pad, 423-inner sleeve, 424-ball head push sleeve, 425-bottom cover, 426-sealing ring, 427-spring, 43-fixture, 431-bracket, 432-lower clamp, 433-pin shaft, 434-upper clamp, 435-reinforcement pin, 436-light absorbing strip, 437-rubber pad, 438-right angle clamp groove, 439-flat clamp groove, 4310-gear insert, 4311-slot, 4312-insert block, 4313-long groove, 44-end plate, 45-side plate, 46-locating pin, 47-coupling shaft, 48-screw rod, 49-first gear set, 410-crank handle, 411-support frame, 412-transmission part, 413-air nozzle; 5- Pillar; 6-Mounting frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention discloses an aerospace metal material defect detection device and provides the following four technical solutions: Figure 1-Figure 3 and Figure 7-Figure 9 The first embodiment is shown: comprising a scanning instrument and a computer, wherein the scanning instrument scans the surface of the aerospace metal material and transmits the data to the computer for display, and the scanning instrument comprises: An instrument box 1 is provided with an operation panel installed inside, and a light shielding structure is also provided inside the instrument box 1; An optical scanner 2 is installed in the instrument box 1 through a bracket; A material holding table 3 is arranged below the optical scanner 2; The multifunctional clamp 4 is placed on the material holding platform 3 and is used to clamp the material to be tested. The material holding platform 3 drives the material to be tested to move through the multifunctional clamp 4 to limit the slippage of the material to be tested. The multifunctional clamp 4 has the function of clamping block materials and plate materials, and the multifunctional clamp 4 supports bending detection of plate materials; The multifunctional fixture 4 consists of a frame and a fixture 43 thereon that is synchronously driven to move in opposite directions, and the fixture 43 integrates multiple types of clamping positions. A base 42 supporting the material to be tested is arranged at the center of the frame, and the base 42 pushes up the center of the plate material when the plate material is subjected to bending test.

[0024] By setting up a multifunctional clamp 4 on the basis of the existing 3D optical scanner, compared with the current solution of directly placing the sample on the test table, it can avoid some samples with curved surfaces, such as those that cannot be placed stably during movement, through stable clamping, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test results. In addition, the multifunctional clamp 4 can adjust the clamping method without changing the clamp to clamp samples of different types of materials, and can even bend flat plate samples for testing. At this time, the defects of the bent surface will be magnified, and new defects will appear if the material quality is unqualified. Therefore, it will be easier and more accurate to judge the quality of the material, ensuring the strict requirements of the quality of aerospace metal materials. In addition, the operation is simple, multi-purpose, and easy to use.

[0025] Figure 2-Figure 10 A second embodiment is shown, which mainly differs from the first embodiment in that: the frame includes a base plate 41 and end plates 44 fixed at both ends of the top thereof, the two sides of the end plates 44 are bent inwardly to form side plates 45, the side plates 45 are used to support the two sides of the bracket 431, and a positioning pin 46 inserted into the base plate 41 is provided at the bottom of the side plates 45. The middle of the base plate 41 is arched to install the base 42, and a connecting shaft 47 is horizontally penetrated through the arched part of the base plate 41. Screw rods 48 are rotatably connected between the two sides of the base 42 and the two side end plates 44, and the two screw rods 48 are screwed in opposite directions to drive the two groups of clamps 43 to move relative to each other, and the two ends of the connecting shaft 47 are respectively connected to the two screw rods 48 through a transmission member 412, one end of the connecting shaft 47 penetrates one side end plate 44 and is connected to a crank 410 through a first gear set 49, the first gear set 49 is used to lift the crank 410 for easy shaking, and a support frame 411 for supporting the crank 410 is installed on the side of the end plate 44.

[0026] The fixture 43 comprises: The bracket 431, the bottom of which is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw rod 48 through a threaded sleeve; The lower clamping plate 432 has two sides at the bottom thereof which are rotatably connected to the two sides of the threaded sleeve via a pin 433; The upper clamping plate 434 is fixedly connected to the top of the upper clamping plate 434 by bolts, and the upper clamping plate 434 and the upper clamping plate 434 are connected by reinforcing pins 435 on one side of the bolts. The inner side of the top of the upper clamping plate 434 has a light absorbing strip 436, and the light absorbing strip 436 absorbs the laser of the optical scanner 2 and reduces the reflected light to frame the detection area in the image; The rubber pad 437 is placed between the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 to flexibly compress the plate material when in use; The lower clamping plate 432, the upper clamping plate 434 and the bracket 431 are all in a right-angled V-shape to clamp square block materials. The opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 are provided with right-angle clamping grooves 438 to clamp the plate material at a right angle. The ends of the opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 are provided with flat clamping grooves 439 flush with the right-angle clamping grooves 438 for clamping the side of the plate material. The opposite side of the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 and the outside of the right-angle clamping groove 438 are provided with mutually engaged splines 4310. The mutually staggered splines 4310 are adopted so that when the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 are separated, the side splines 4310 will not be completely separated, thereby maintaining the abutment effect on the side of the sample.

[0027] Slots 4311 are provided at the bottom of both ends of the lower clamping plate 432, and plug blocks 4312 adapted to the slots 4311 are provided at the top of both ends of the bracket 431. Long grooves 4313 corresponding to the pin shaft 433 are provided on both sides of the threaded sleeve. The pin shaft 433 can slide in the long groove 4313 to connect or separate the plug block 4312 from the slot 4311. The clamp 43 clamps the plate material and separates the plug block 4312 from the slot 4311 before bending to allow the lower clamping plate 432 and the upper clamping plate 434 to deflect upward.

[0028] The base 42 includes an outer sleeve 421 fixed to the top of the bottom plate 41 by bolts, and a sealing gasket 422 is pressed between the outer sleeve 421 and the bottom plate 41, and an inner sleeve 423 is longitudinally slidably provided inside the outer sleeve 421, and a ball head push sleeve 424 is slidably provided inside the inner sleeve 423, and the ball head push sleeve 424 slides up to extend out of the inner sleeve 423, and an inner edge is provided on the top of the inner sleeve 423 to limit the ball head push sleeve 424 from sliding out completely, and the inner sleeve 423 is provided with an inner edge to limit the ball head push sleeve 424 from sliding out completely. The bottom of the sleeve 423 is fixedly connected to a bottom cover 425, and sealing rings 426 are provided on the outer sides of the bottom cover 425 and the ball head push sleeve 424. A spring 427 is abutted between the bottom cover 425 and the bottom plate 41, and a through hole is opened in the center of the bottom cover 425. The bottom of the bottom plate 41 is connected to an air nozzle 413, and the air nozzle 413 is connected to an air pump through a pipeline. The inner sleeve 423 and the ball head push sleeve 424 are controlled to slide down or up by pumping air into the outer sleeve seat 421.

[0029] The clamp 43 adopts a double V-shaped clamping method, and is also provided with clamping grooves of different shapes (flat clamping groove 439 and right-angle clamping groove 438). It can clamp cylindrical, spherical, square, sheet-type and other related material samples well. The clamp 43 itself can also be deflected at up and down angles, and the base 42 can be pushed upward from the middle, thereby achieving the effect of pushing and squeezing and bending the sheet-type sample. The operation is convenient, and the base 42 is pneumatically controlled, which is convenient for pushing from below without manual operation. After the base 42 is retracted, it can provide normal support and can be elastically retracted. It does not affect the clamping and installation of concave sheet-type samples. It is practical and convenient.

[0030] Figure 1 and Figure 11-Figure 12 The third embodiment is shown, which mainly differs from the first embodiment in that the instrument box 1 is composed of a bottom box 11 and a box cover 12 hinged to the rear side thereof, the box cover 12 is connected to the front side of the bottom box 11 by a buckle, a storage sponge 13 is provided on the right side inside the bottom box 11, and a storage slot for accommodating the optical scanner 2 and the multifunctional clamp 4 is provided in the storage sponge 13, a guide slot 14 is provided on the top of the bottom box 11 and below the material placing table 3, a dustproof isolation box 15 is fixedly connected inside the bottom box 11 and below the guide slot 14, a driving screw 16 is rotatably connected inside the dustproof isolation box 15, a servo motor 17 is fixedly connected inside the bottom box 11 and at one end of the driving screw 16, and the servo motor 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom box 11 and at one end of the driving screw 16, and the servo motor 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom box 11 and at one end of the driving screw 16. The output shaft 17 is meshed with one end of the driving screw 16 through the second gear set 18 for transmission. The second gear set 18 is used to lower the servo motor 17 to ensure that the servo motor 17 has enough installation space. The bottom of the material holding table 3 is threadedly connected to the driving screw 16 through a threaded seat that passes through the guide groove 14. A dustproof frame 19 is engaged with the guide groove 14, and bristles are densely arranged on both sides of the inner side of the dustproof frame 19. Positioning grooves 31 are correspondingly arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate 41 and the top of the material holding table 3. When the bottom plate 41 is placed on the top of the material holding table 3, the positioning grooves 31 are mutually engaged to limit the slippage of the bottom plate 41. For materials with a flat bottom surface and no clamping requirement, they can be placed directly on the material holding table 3 without using the multi-functional clamp 4.

[0031] Two sets of fixing seats 110 are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom box 11 and located on the left side of the guide groove 14. The bracket consists of two columns 5 and a mounting frame 6. The columns 5 are inserted into the fixing seats 110 when in use. The mounting frame 6 is sleeved between the top ends of the two columns 5 and tightened by bolts. The optical scanner 2 is fixedly installed on the mounting frame 6. Two sets of placement seats 111 are fixedly connected to the front side of the top of the bottom box 11 for storing the columns 5.

[0032] The whole device is arranged in the form of a suitcase, which is convenient for carrying, and a storage sponge 13 for storing the optical scanner 2 and the multifunctional clamp 4 and a placement seat 111 for storing the column 5 are also arranged inside, so that the various parts of the device can be disassembled and stored separately for filing when not in use, which plays a protective role and does not affect the closing of the box body, and the overall assembly is also relatively convenient; the material holding table 3 is driven by a driving screw 16 hidden in the bottom box 11, and a guide groove 14 for the movement of the material holding table 3 is opened on the top of the bottom box 11. A dustproof isolation box 15 is arranged at the bottom to hold it, and a dustproof frame 19 is arranged on the top. On the one hand, bristles are used on the top to reduce the entry of impurities without affecting the movement of the material holding table 3. On the other hand, even if impurities enter, the dustproof frame 19 can be removed to directly clean the impurities in the dustproof isolation box 15, which can prevent dust from entering the space of electrical components inside the bottom box 11, reduce the equipment failure rate, and facilitate cleaning.

[0033] Figure 1 and Fig.13 A fourth embodiment is shown, which mainly differs from the first embodiment in that an inverted U-shaped frame 112 is magnetically connected to the inner side of the box cover 12, and the inverted U-shaped frame 112 can also be fixed by a snap-fitting method such as a protrusion. A shading curtain 113 is provided on the back of the inverted U-shaped frame 112, and one end of the shading curtain 113 is connected to the inner wall of the box cover 12. A shielding shell 115 is snapped in the box cover 12 by a snap 114, and the snap 114 can also be replaced by a Velcro, a magnetic buckle or other equivalent connector. The shielding shell 115 is a plastic soft shell, and the shielding shell 115 is used to shield the stored shading curtain 113. Limiting sleeves 116 corresponding to the two ends of the inverted U-shaped frame 112 are provided on both sides of the inner side of the top of the bottom box 11. After the inverted U-shaped frame 112 is pulled out, it is inserted into the limiting sleeve 116 so that the shading curtain 113 blocks the external light on both sides and the top.

[0034] By providing a drawable and retractable shading curtain 113 on the box cover 12, if there is a strong light source nearby in the use environment, for example, there is strong sunlight above when used outdoors, and there is strong light above when used indoors, the shading curtain 113 can be pulled open to block the interference of the strong external light on the light of the optical scanner 2, thereby improving the detection accuracy to a certain extent. When not in use, the shading curtain 113 can be directly retracted, and the shading curtain 113 can be blocked by a shielding shell 115 that is easy to disassemble and install, so as to maintain the aesthetics of the equipment and prevent the shading curtain 113 from being scattered at will.

[0035] The present invention also discloses a detection method based on an aerospace metal material defect detection device, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Material clamping: The aerospace metal material samples to be tested for surface defects are clamped on the multifunctional fixture 4 in different installation methods according to their types, such as: For block samples, place them directly on the inner side of the right-angle V-shaped clamp 43, and then manually shake the crank 410 to drive the connecting shaft 47 to rotate through the first gear set 49, and use the transmission member 412 to drive the screw rod 48 to rotate, so that the clamps 43 on both sides move toward the middle until the sample is clamped; For plate-type samples or samples with sheet-like edges, after loosening the bolts to separate the upper clamping plate 434 and the lower clamping plate 432, the sample can be inserted into the right-angle clamping groove 438 at right angles, or the side of the sample can be inserted into the flat clamping groove 439. The sample is padded with rubber pads 437 on the top and bottom for protection. After controlling the clamps 43 on both sides to close and clamp the sample, tighten the bolts to make the upper clamping plate 434 and the lower clamping plate 432 press the sample tightly. If the plate sample needs to be tested for surface after bending and deformation, the air pump is started to inflate and pressurize the outer sleeve 421 when the clamp 43 is closed, and the air pushes the ball head to push the sleeve 424 to push the center of the sample, and the sample is bent in cooperation with the closing force of the clamps 43 on both sides; S2, start the test: first start the program on the computer, control the servo motor 17 to drive the driving screw 16 to rotate through the second gear set 18, and then use the thread to push the material holding table 3 to carry the multifunctional fixture 4 and the material sample thereon to move, so that the material sample passes through the scanning area of ​​the optical scanner 2, and the acquired scanning data is transmitted to the computer for display; if there is a strong light source above, pull out the inverted U-shaped frame 112 and insert it on the limiting plug sleeve 116, so that the shading curtain 113 covers the entire detection area; when retracting the shading curtain 113, first remove the shielding shell 115, then retract the shading curtain 113 and the inverted U-shaped frame 112, and then buckle the shielding shell 115 to cover it; S3. Image analysis: Process the scanned data, obtain the scanned data of the material sample surface, and analyze the degree and area of ​​surface defects.

[0036] Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0038] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An aerospace metal material defect detection device, comprising a scanning instrument and a computer, wherein the scanning instrument scans the surface of the aerospace metal material and transmits the data to the computer for display, characterized in that: The scanning device comprises: An instrument box, in which an operation panel is installed, and a light shielding structure is also provided inside the instrument box; An optical scanner is mounted in the instrument box via a bracket; A material holding table is arranged below the optical scanner; A multifunctional fixture is placed on a material holding table to clamp the material to be tested. The material holding table drives the material to be tested to move through the multifunctional fixture to limit the slippage of the material to be tested. The multifunctional fixture has the function of clamping block materials and plate materials, and the multifunctional fixture supports bending detection of plate materials; The multifunctional fixture is composed of a frame and a fixture thereon that is synchronously driven to move in opposite directions, and the fixture integrates multiple types of clamping positions. A base supporting the material to be tested is arranged at the center inside the frame, and the base pushes up the center of the plate material when the plate material is subjected to bending test.

2. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame includes a bottom plate and end plates fixed at both ends of the top of the bottom plate, the two sides of the end plate are bent inward to form side plates, and a positioning pin inserted into the bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the side plate, and the middle upper arch of the bottom plate is provided to install the base, and a connecting shaft is horizontally penetrated by the arched part of the bottom plate, and screw rods are rotatably connected between the two sides of the base and the two side end plates, and the threads of the two screw rods are reversed to drive the two groups of clamps to move relative to each other, and the two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected to the two screw rods through transmission parts, and one end of the connecting shaft passes through one side end plate and is connected to a crank through a first gear set, and a support frame supporting the crank handle is installed on the side of the end plate.

3. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixture comprises: The bracket has a bottom portion that is threadedly connected to the outside of the screw rod through a threaded sleeve; The lower clamping plate, both sides of the bottom are rotatably connected to the two sides of the threaded sleeve through the pin shaft; The upper clamping plate is fixedly connected to the top of the upper clamping plate by bolts, and the upper clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are connected by reinforcing pins on one side of the bolts. The inner side of the top of the upper clamping plate has a light absorbing strip, and the light absorbing strip absorbs the laser of the optical scanner and reduces the reflected light to frame the detection area in the image; The rubber pad is placed between the lower splint and the upper splint to flexibly compress the panel material when in use.

4. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower clamping plate, the upper clamping plate and the bracket are all in a right-angle V-shape to clamp square block materials. The opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are provided with right-angle clamping grooves to clamp the plate materials at right angles. The ends of the opposite surfaces of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate are provided with flat clamping grooves flush with the right-angle clamping grooves for clamping the side edges of the plate materials. The opposite sides of the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate and located on the outside of the right-angle clamping grooves are provided with interlocking splines.

5. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Slots are provided at the bottom of both ends of the lower clamping plate, and blocks adapted to the slots are provided at the top of both ends of the bracket. Long grooves corresponding to the pin shaft are provided on both sides of the threaded sleeve, and the pin shaft can slide in the long groove to connect or separate the plug block from the slot. The clamp clamps the plate material and separates the plug block from the slot before bending to allow the lower clamping plate and the upper clamping plate to deflect upward.

6. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base includes an outer sleeve fixed to the top of the base plate by bolts, and a sealing gasket is crimped between the outer sleeve and the base plate, an inner sleeve is longitudinally slidably arranged inside the outer sleeve, a ball head push sleeve is slidably arranged inside the inner sleeve, the ball head push sleeve can slide out of the inner sleeve, and an inner edge is provided on the top of the inner sleeve to limit the ball head push sleeve from sliding out completely, a bottom cover is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner sleeve, sealing rings are provided on the outer sides of the bottom cover and the ball head push sleeve, a spring is abutted between the bottom cover and the base plate, and a through hole is opened in the center of the bottom cover, an air nozzle is connected to the bottom of the base plate, and the air nozzle is connected to the air pump through a pipeline, and exhaust is pumped into the outer sleeve to control the inner sleeve and the ball head push sleeve to slide down or move up.

7. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The instrument box is composed of a bottom box and a box cover hinged by hinges on the rear side thereof, the box cover is hung with the front side of the bottom box by a buckle, a storage sponge is provided on the right side inside the bottom box, and a storage sponge is provided with a storage groove for accommodating an optical scanner and a multi-functional clamp, a guide groove is provided on the top of the bottom box and below the material holding platform, a dustproof isolation box is fixedly connected inside the bottom box and below the guide groove, a driving screw is rotatably connected inside the dustproof isolation box, a servo motor is fixedly connected inside the bottom box and at one end of the driving screw, and the output shaft of the servo motor is meshed with one end of the driving screw through a second gear set for transmission, the bottom of the material holding platform is threadedly connected to the driving screw through a threaded seat passing through the guide groove, a dustproof frame is engaged with the guide groove, and bristles are densely arranged on both sides of the inner side of the dustproof frame, positioning grooves are correspondingly provided at the bottom of the bottom plate and the top of the material holding platform, and when the bottom plate is placed on the top of the material holding platform, the positioning grooves are mutually engaged to limit the slippage of the bottom plate.

8. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two sets of fixing seats are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom box and located on the left side of the guide groove. The bracket consists of two columns and a mounting frame. The columns are inserted into the fixing seats when in use. The mounting frame is sleeved between the top ends of the two columns and tightened by bolts. The optical scanner is fixedly installed on the mounting frame. Two sets of placement seats are fixedly connected to the front side of the top of the bottom box for storing the columns.

9. The aerospace metal material defect detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: An inverted U-shaped frame is magnetically connected to the inner side of the box cover, a shading curtain is provided on the back side of the inverted U-shaped frame, and one end of the shading curtain is connected to the inner wall of the box cover, a shielding shell is fastened in the box cover by snaps, and the shielding shell is used to shield the stored shading curtain, and both sides of the inner side of the top of the bottom box are provided with limiting sockets corresponding to the two ends of the inverted U-shaped frame, and the inverted U-shaped frame is pulled out and inserted into the limiting sockets so that the shading curtain blocks external light on both sides and the top.

10. A detection method based on the aerospace metal material defect detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Material clamping: The aerospace metal material samples to be tested for surface defects are clamped on the multifunctional fixture in different installation methods according to their types; S2. Start the test: first start the program on the computer to control the material holding table to carry the multifunctional fixture and the material sample thereon to move, so that the material sample passes through the scanning area of ​​the optical scanner, and transmit the acquired scanning data to the computer for display; S3. Image analysis: Process the scanned data, obtain the scanned data of the material sample surface, and analyze the degree and area of ​​surface defects.

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