Antenna module and electronic device

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses an antenna module and an electronic device, relates to the technical field of antennas, and improves the isolation between antenna pairs. The specific scheme is that a plurality of magnetic resonance structures are arranged at intervals in the magnetic field direction of the same-frequency antenna pair. A plurality of electric resonance structures are arranged at intervals in the electric field direction of the antenna pair. The magnetic resonance structure comprises a conductive sheet electrically connected with a ground layer, and the electric resonance structure comprises a resonance ring and a wire electrically isolated from the ground layer. The magnetic resonance structure and the electric resonance structure are beneficial to improving the antenna gain and have weak influence on the radiation efficiency. In addition, while ensuring better communication quality of the antenna pair, the volume of the antenna pair is reduced, so that the millimeter wave antenna is miniaturized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to an antenna module and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Millimeter wave (mmW) technology offers enormous communication capacity due to its large bandwidth, leading to numerous applications in 5G communications. Furthermore, its high directional diffraction-free characteristics also make it highly applicable in the field of detection.

[0003] Whether it's a conventional millimeter-wave antenna (e.g., a radar antenna) or a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) millimeter-wave communication antenna, both utilize a transmitting antenna (TX) to emit coded electromagnetic waves, which radiate through space to an object. Due to the object's own electromagnetic properties, scattered waves are transmitted to the receiving antenna (RX). Signal processing allows for target detection. As a crucial component for transmitting and receiving low-electromagnetic-wave modulated signals, the millimeter-wave antenna element is naturally a focus of research.

[0004] However, in millimeter-wave antenna systems, the spacing between antennas is small, and improving the isolation between antennas has become a problem that must be solved to achieve the miniaturization of millimeter-wave antenna systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna module and electronic device that effectively improves the isolation between two antennas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an antenna module, which includes a ground plane, a plurality of first isolation structures, a plurality of second isolation structures, a first antenna and a second antenna operating in the same frequency band. The first antenna includes a first feed section and a first radiator; the first feed section and the first radiator are edge-coupled; the second antenna includes a second feed section and a second radiator; the second feed section and the second radiator are edge-connected; the first radiator and the second radiator are respectively stacked with and spaced apart from the ground plane. The plurality of first isolation structures are spaced apart on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator; the plurality of first isolation structures are spaced apart along a first direction; each first isolation structure includes a first conductive sheet stacked with and electrically connected to the ground plane; the first direction is parallel to the line connecting the center of the first radiator and the vertical projection of the first feed section onto the first radiator. The plurality of second isolation structures are disposed on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator; the plurality of second isolation structures are spaced apart along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The second isolation structure includes a conductor and a first open-ended resonant ring, both electrically isolated from the ground layer. The opening of the first open-ended resonant ring faces away from the ground layer. Both the conductor and the first open-ended resonant ring are parallel to the second direction, and the conductors of adjacent second isolation structures are electrically connected. Because the first direction is parallel to the line connecting the center of the first radiator and the vertical projection of the first feed part onto the first radiator, the first direction is parallel to the polarization direction and the E-plane of the first antenna, and the second direction is parallel to the H-plane. Multiple first conductive plates are arranged along the polarization direction, and these multiple first conductive plates achieve band-stop in the E-plane of the first antenna. Multiple second isolation structures arranged along the second direction achieve band-stop in the H-plane of the first antenna. The resonance generated by the coupling of the first isolation structure and the second isolation structure can provide isolation in the operating frequency bands of the first antenna and the second antenna. Improving the isolation between the two antennas is beneficial for reducing the distance between the two antennas and miniaturizing the antenna module.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the center frequency of the first antenna is F0, the resonant center frequency of the plurality of first isolation structures is F1, and the resonant center frequency of the plurality of second isolation structures is F2; ​​wherein 1 / 2F1≤F0<3 / 2F1, and 1 / 2F2≤F0<3 / 2F2. Thus, the plurality of first isolation structures and the plurality of second isolation structures generate isolation dips near the operating frequency of the first antenna 21, providing excellent isolation between the two antennas.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the first isolation structure further includes a first conductive post, one end of which is electrically connected to the ground plane and the other end of which is electrically connected to the first conductive sheet. The vertical projection of the first conductive post onto the first conductive sheet lies within the first conductive sheet. Thus, the first isolation structure including the first conductive post and the first conductive sheet achieves band-stop in the E-plane of the first antenna.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the vertical projection of the first conductive post onto the first conductive sheet covers the center of the first conductive sheet. This results in a uniform current distribution in all directions on the first conductive sheet, making the band-stop characteristics of the first isolation structure more pronounced in the E-plane of the first antenna, and improving the signal isolation performance of the first isolation structure.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the first isolation structure further includes a second conductive sheet located on the side of the first conductive sheet facing away from the formation, and the second conductive sheet is spaced apart from the first conductive sheet; the vertical projection of the first conductive post onto the second conductive sheet is located within the second conductive sheet. Thus, the inclusion of the second conductive sheet can improve the band-resistance characteristics of the first isolation structure, further enhancing its isolation performance.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the first isolation structure further includes a second conductive post, the two opposite ends of which are electrically connected to the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet, respectively. Thus, the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are electrically connected, and when the first conductive sheet has the same dimension along the first direction, the isolation performance of the first isolation structure can be improved.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the vertical projection of the second conductive post onto the second conductive sheet covers the center of the second conductive sheet. This results in a uniform current distribution in all directions on the second conductive sheet, making the band-stop characteristics of the first isolation structure more pronounced in the E-plane of the first antenna, and improving the signal isolation performance of the first isolation structure.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the surface of the first open-ended resonant ring facing away from the ground layer is located between the conductor and the ground layer. This allows for a reduction in the dimensions of the second isolation structure along both the first and second directions.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the surface of the first open-circuit resonator facing away from the formation is coplanar with the conductor, or the conductor is located between the surface of the first open-circuit resonator facing away from the formation and the formation. This allows for a reduction in the size of the second isolation structure along the formation thickness direction.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the first open-ended resonant ring faces the surface of the formation and is coplanar with the formation. This allows for a reduction in the size of the second isolation structure along the formation thickness direction.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the second isolation structure further includes a second open-loop resonant ring. The second open-loop resonant ring is parallel to the second direction, and its opening faces the ground layer. The conductor, the second open-loop resonant ring, and the first open-loop resonant ring are electrically isolated from the ground layer. The second open-loop resonant ring and the first open-loop resonant ring are spaced apart along the first direction, or the first open-loop resonant ring is arranged around the outer periphery of the second open-loop resonant ring. Therefore, the inclusion of the second open-loop resonant ring can increase the factors that change the resonant frequency of the second isolation structure, making the resonant frequencies of multiple second isolation structures near the center frequency of the first antenna, thereby improving the isolation between the two antennas.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the dimension of the first conductive sheet along the first direction is 0.055a to 3.5a, where a is the maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction. Thus, the first isolation structure generates a band stop near the center frequency of the first antenna, thereby providing better isolation between the first and second antennas.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the distance between two adjacent first conductive sheets along the first direction is ≤0.25a, ​​where a is the maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction. This strengthens the coupling between two adjacent first isolation structures, thereby providing better isolation between the first and second antennas. Conversely, if the distance between two adjacent first conductive sheets along the first direction is large, for example, greater than 0.25a, ​​the weaker coupling between the two adjacent first isolation structures will result in poor isolation.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the distance between the two opposite ends of the first open resonant ring along the second direction is 0.055a to 0.75a, where a is the maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction. Therefore, even if the distance between the first and second antennas along the first direction is small, the second isolation structure can achieve excellent isolation. This provides more options for the distance between the first and second antennas along the first direction, making it suitable for a wider range of applications.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the distance between two adjacent first open-ended resonant rings along the second direction is ≤0.25a, ​​where a is the maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction. Thus, adjacent first open-ended resonant rings are well coupled, and the resonant frequency formed by the multiple second isolation structures provides high isolation performance for the two antennas.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction is a, where a is from 0.2λ to 0.9λ, and λ is the wavelength in vacuum corresponding to the resonant frequency of the first radiator.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the line connecting the center of the second radiator and the vertical projection of the second feed portion onto the second radiator is parallel to the first direction. Therefore, the polarization direction of the second antenna is parallel to the polarization direction of the first antenna, resulting in the first and second antennas having the same polarization, which is beneficial for improving the gain of both antennas. Furthermore, the first and second isolation structures significantly improve the isolation between the first and second antennas.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the first feed section is located on the side of the first radiator facing away from the second radiator; the second feed section is located on the side of the second radiator facing away from the first radiator. Thus, the first and second feed sections are arranged opposite each other, and the physical distance between them is relatively large, which is beneficial for improving the isolation between the first and second antennas.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, both the first radiator and the second radiator are sheet-like structures, and both the first direction and the second direction are parallel to the plane in which the sheet-like structure is located. The first isolation structure is disposed on one side of the sheet-like structure along the second direction, and the second isolation structure is disposed on one side of the sheet-like structure along the first direction.

[0026] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an antenna module. The antenna module includes a ground plane, multiple first isolation structures, multiple second isolation structures, and a first antenna and a second antenna operating in the same frequency band. The first antenna includes a first feed section and a first radiator; the first feed section and the first radiator are edge-coupled. The second antenna includes a second feed section and a second radiator; the second feed section and the second radiator are edge-coupled. The first radiator and the second radiator are stacked and spaced apart from the ground plane. Multiple first isolation structures are spaced apart on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator. The multiple first isolation structures are spaced apart along a first direction; each first isolation structure includes a first conductive sheet electrically connected to the ground plane; the first direction is parallel to the line connecting the center of the first radiator and the vertical projection of the first feed section onto the first radiator. Multiple second isolation structures are spaced apart on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator. The multiple second isolation structures are spaced apart along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The second isolation structure includes a first electrical connector, a second electrical connector, a first conductive segment, and a second conductive segment. The two opposite ends of the first electrical connector are electrically connected to the ground plane and the first conductive segment, respectively. The two opposite ends of the second electrical connector are also electrically connected to the ground plane and the second conductive segment, respectively. Both the first and second conductive segments extend along the second direction and are located between the planes containing the first and second electrical connectors. Thus, multiple first conductive plates are arranged along the polarization direction, achieving band-stop in the E-plane of the first antenna. The multiple second isolation structures arranged along the second direction achieve band-stop in the H-plane of the first antenna. The resonance generated by the coupling of the first and second isolation structures can provide isolation in the operating frequency bands of the first and second antennas. Improving the isolation between the two antennas helps to reduce the distance between them, enabling miniaturization of the antenna module.

[0027] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the first conductive segment and the second conductive segment are spaced apart along the second direction. This allows for a reduction in the size of the second isolation structure along the first direction.

[0028] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the first conductive segment and the second conductive segment are spaced apart along the first direction. This allows for a reduction in the size of the second isolation structure along the second direction.

[0029] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the distance between the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector along the second direction is 0.27a to 3.5a, where a is the maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction. Thus, the resonant frequencies of the plurality of second isolation structures 30 are near the operating frequency of the first antenna, improving isolation within the operating frequency band of the first antenna.

[0030] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible implementations, the distance between two adjacent second isolation structures along the second direction is ≤0.5a, where a is the maximum dimension of the first antenna along the first direction. Therefore, having the distance between two adjacent second isolation structures along the second direction within the aforementioned range can improve the coupling between the two adjacent second isolation structures, thereby increasing the isolation between the two antennas while improving the integration of the millimeter-wave antenna, which is beneficial for the miniaturization of millimeter-wave antennas.

[0031] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an antenna module. The antenna module includes a ground plane, multiple first isolation structures, multiple second isolation structures, and a first antenna and a second antenna operating in the same frequency band. Both the first and second antennas are connected to the ground plane. The multiple first isolation structures are all connected to the ground plane and are disposed on one side of the first antenna and the second antenna. The multiple first isolation structures are spaced apart along a first direction. The multiple second isolation structures are all connected to the ground plane, spaced apart along a second direction, and disposed on one side of the first antenna and the second antenna. The first direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the antenna, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Thus, the coupling between the first and second isolation structures generates band-stop characteristics, providing excellent isolation between the first and second antennas.

[0032] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some feasible implementations, the center frequency of the first antenna is F0, the resonant center frequency of the plurality of first isolation structures is F1, and the resonant center frequency of the plurality of second isolation structures is F2; ​​wherein 1 / 2F1≤F0<3 / 2F1, and 1 / 2F2≤F0<3 / 2F2. Thus, the plurality of first isolation structures and the plurality of second isolation structures generate isolation dips near the operating frequency of the first antenna 21, providing excellent isolation between the two antennas.

[0033] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the first isolation structure includes a first conductive post and a first conductive sheet, wherein the ground layer, the first conductive post, and the first conductive sheet are stacked sequentially, one end of the first conductive post is grounded to the ground layer, and the other end is electrically connected to the first conductive sheet, and the vertical projection of the first conductive post on the first conductive sheet is located within the first conductive sheet.

[0034] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the second isolation structure includes a conductor and a first open-ended resonant ring, both electrically isolated from the formation. The opening of the first open-ended resonant ring faces away from the formation; both the conductor and the first open-ended resonant ring are parallel to the second direction, and the conductors of adjacent second isolation structures are connected.

[0035] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the second isolation structure includes a first electrical connector, a second electrical connector, a first conductive segment, and a second conductive segment; the opposite ends of the first electrical connector are electrically connected to the ground and the first conductive segment, respectively; the opposite ends of the second electrical connector are electrically connected to the ground and the second conductive segment, respectively; both the first conductive segment and the second conductive segment extend along the second direction and are located between the plane containing the first electrical connector and the plane containing the second electrical connector.

[0036] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an antenna module. The antenna module includes a ground plane, a low-frequency antenna, a high-frequency antenna, and multiple isolation components. Both the low-frequency and high-frequency antennas are connected to the ground plane, and the center frequency of the low-frequency antenna is lower than the center frequency of the high-frequency antenna. Each isolation component includes a conductive strip and a first conductive post. The ground plane, the first conductive post, and the conductive strip are stacked, with multiple conductive strips spaced apart along the outer periphery of the high-frequency antenna. One end of the first conductive post is electrically connected to the ground plane, and the other end is electrically connected to a conductive ring. Thus, the resonance generated by the multiple isolation components surrounding the high-frequency antenna can create efficiency and gain dips in the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna, improving the isolation between the low-frequency and high-frequency antennas with different center frequencies.

[0037] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some feasible implementations, the antenna module further includes: a plurality of second conductive posts and a conductive ring surrounding the low-frequency antenna, the conductive ring being stacked with the ground plane and the conductive ring being connected end to end; one end of each second conductive post is electrically connected to the ground plane, and the other end is electrically connected to the second conductive post. Thus, the resonance generated by the conductive ring and second conductive posts surrounding the low-frequency antenna can create an enclosing cavity in the high-frequency antenna's operating frequency band, improving the isolation between the low-frequency antenna and the high-frequency antenna with different center frequencies.

[0038] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some feasible ways, the first conductive post is electrically connected to the center of the conductive strip.

[0039] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some feasible ways, the length of the conductive strip is 0.3λ to 0.7λ, where λ is the wavelength in vacuum corresponding to the notch isolation frequency of the low-frequency antenna.

[0040] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device. The electronic device includes a printed circuit board and any one of the antenna modules provided in the first, second, third, and fourth aspects described above, with the ground plane connected to the printed circuit board. Because the first and second antennas of the antenna module have excellent isolation, the antenna module can achieve miniaturization while maintaining excellent communication performance, and the electronic device also has the advantages of miniaturization and good communication. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a smart home system.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device.

[0043] Figure 3a This is a diagram of a sensing system architecture for an antenna.

[0044] Figure 3b This is a communication architecture diagram for an antenna.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the ground strata.

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of a first isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of another first isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 6c This is a schematic diagram of another first isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0050] Figure 6d This is a schematic diagram of another first isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 7a for Figure 5 The diagram shows the second isolation structure and the decomposed structure of the strata.

[0052] Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram of another second isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0053] Figure 7c This is a schematic diagram of another second isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0054] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 9a This is a schematic diagram of a second isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0056] Figure 9b This is a schematic diagram of another second isolation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figure 9cThis is a schematic diagram of an antenna array.

[0058] Figure 10a This is a graph showing the S11 parameters of the antenna module.

[0059] Figure 10b This is a graph showing the S21 parameters of the antenna module.

[0060] Figure 10c This is a gain curve of the antenna module.

[0061] Figure 10d This is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the antenna module.

[0062] Figure 10e The antenna pattern is shown for the antenna pair in the first comparative example.

[0063] Figure 10f The antenna pattern of the antenna module provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0064] Figure 11a This is a schematic diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0065] Figure 11b This is a schematic diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0066] Figure 12a for Figure 11a The diagram shows the reflection curve of the low-frequency antenna in the antenna module shown.

[0067] Figure 12b for Figure 11a The reflection curve of the high-frequency antenna in the antenna module shown is illustrated.

[0068] Figure 12c for Figure 11a The diagram shows the isolation curves between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas in the antenna module shown.

[0069] In the diagram: 001-User; 002-Smart Home; 10-Electronic Device; 11-Cover Plate; 12-Display; 13-Printed Circuit Board; 14-Middle Frame; 15-Back Cover; 21-First Antenna; 22-Second Antenna; 211-First Feed Unit; 212-First Radiator; 213-Microstrip Line; 221-Second Feed Unit; 222-Second Radiator; 100-Antenna Module; 110-Ground Layer; 120-First Isolation Structure; 121-First Conductive Sheet; 122-First Conductive Pillar; 123-Second Conductive Sheet; 124-Second Conductive Pillar; 101-Gap; 130-Second Isolation Structure; 131-Wire; 132-First Opening 133-First opening; 134-Second opening resonant ring; 135-Second opening; 201-First dielectric layer; 202-Second dielectric layer; 203-Third dielectric layer; 136-First electrical connector; 137-Second electrical connector; 138-First conductive segment; 139-Second conductive segment; 200-Antenna module; 210-Ground; 220-Low frequency antenna; 230-High frequency antenna; 240-Isolation component; 241-Conductive strip; 242-First conductive post; 251-Second conductive post; 252-Conductive ring; 351-Radiating patch; 243-First metal wire; 244-Second metal wire; 245-Metal via. Detailed Implementation

[0070] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0072] Furthermore, in this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0073] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0074] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0075] In some embodiments, the S11 diagram can be understood as a schematic diagram representing the resonance generated by the antenna. In some embodiments, the resonance range shown in the S11 diagram within -4dB can be understood as the resonant frequency range generated by the antenna. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna.

[0076] Communication band / operating band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating band includes the B40 band.

[0077] The resonant frequency range or resonant frequency band may be the same as or may partially overlap with the operating frequency band. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may cover one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0078] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -4dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -4dB, the antenna is considered to be operating normally, or its transmission efficiency is considered to be good. It should be understood that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB can also be used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna is considered to be operating normally, or its transmission efficiency is considered to be good.

[0079] Isolation: Isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna through another to the signal received by the transmitting antenna. It's a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between them is represented by their S21 and S12 values. Antenna isolation can be expressed using the S21 and S12 parameters. These parameters are typically negative. Smaller S21 and S12 values ​​indicate greater isolation and less mutual coupling between antennas; larger values ​​indicate less isolation and greater mutual coupling. Antenna isolation depends on factors such as the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between the antennas, and the antenna gain.

[0080] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as a direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a gap / non-contact method. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0081] Radiator: In an antenna, this is the device used to receive / transmit electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the term "antenna" is narrowly defined as a radiator, which converts guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via a feed line, where it is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a specific polarization from a specific direction in space back into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is then transmitted to the receiver input via a feed line.

[0082] The radiator can be a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire or sheet, and this application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be simply referred to as a wire antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a conductive frame, and can also be called a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a support conductor, and can also be called a support antenna. In one embodiment, the radiator of the linear radiator, or the radiator of the wire antenna, has a wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) much smaller than the wavelength, and its length is comparable to the wavelength, and is an antenna composed of one or more metal wires. The main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna), and planar inverted F antennas (also known as PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating stubs, each stub being fed from the feed end of the radiating stub by a feed section. For example, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) can be considered as a monopole antenna with an added ground path. An IFA antenna has a feed point and a ground point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is inverted-F shaped. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented with a conductive / metallic sheet, such as a copper sheet. In another embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented with a conductive coating, such as a silver paste antenna. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, and annular shapes, and this application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane, wherein the dielectric substrate is disposed between the radiator and the ground plane.

[0083] The radiator may also include a slot or gap formed on a conductor. For example, an antenna formed by slotting a section in the conductor surface may also be called a slot antenna or a gap antenna. In some embodiments, the gap is elongated. In some embodiments, the length of the gap is approximately half a wavelength. In some embodiments, the gap may be fed by a transmission line bridging one or both sides, or by a waveguide or resonant cavity. A radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited on the gap, radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, a slot antenna or gap antenna may include a linear radiator spaced apart from the ground and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a slot or gap.

[0084] The feed section is the combination of all components of an antenna used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency (RF) waves. In the case of a receiving antenna, the feed section can be considered the antenna section from the first amplifier to the front-end transmitter. In a transmitting antenna, the feed section can be seen as the section after the last power amplifier. In some cases, the term "feed section" is narrowly interpreted as the RF chip, or the transmission path including the RF chip to the feed point on the radiator or transmission line. The feed unit has the function of converting radio waves into electrical signals and sending them to the receiver components. Generally, it is considered part of the antenna used to convert radio waves into electrical signals and vice versa. Antenna design should consider the maximum power transfer possibility and efficiency. For this purpose, the antenna feed impedance must be matched with the load resistance. The antenna feed impedance is a combination of resistance, capacitance, and inductance. To ensure maximum power transfer conditions, the two impedances (load resistance and feed impedance) should be matched. Matching can be achieved by considering frequency requirements and antenna design parameters such as gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency.

[0085] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field as a function of direction at a fixed distance from the low-frequency antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0086] Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams. The beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0087] Radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by an antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss. Power loss mainly includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and / or dielectric loss power. Both metal loss and dielectric loss are factors affecting radiation efficiency.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

[0089] dB: This stands for decibel, a logarithmic concept with base 10. Decibels are used to evaluate the proportional relationship between two physical quantities; they themselves have no physical dimensions. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, their difference can be expressed as 10 decibels. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, D = 1, then A / D = 20 dB; B / D = 10 dB; C / D = 7 dB; B / C = 3 dB. In other words, a 10-decibel difference between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a 20-decibel difference is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A 3-decibel difference is a 2-fold difference between the two quantities.

[0090] dBi: Usually mentioned together with dBd. dBi and dBd are units of power gain, both relative values, but with different reference points. The reference point for dBi is an omnidirectional antenna; the reference point for dBd is a dipole. Generally, dBi and dBd are considered to represent the same gain, but the value expressed in dBi is 2.15 dBi larger than that expressed in dBd. For example, for an antenna with a gain of 16 dBd, its gain converted to dBi is 18.15 dBi, generally ignoring the decimal places, hence 18 dBi.

[0091] Ground plane (also known as floor): Can be formed from a single layer or multiple layers in a circuit board. The circuit board can be a printed circuit board, such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass or polymers. A circuit board typically includes a dielectric substrate, a ground plane, and trace layers. The trace layers / conductive layers are electrically connected through vias and can form the entire ground plane. Components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and System-on-Chip (SoC) structures can be mounted on or connected to the circuit board; or electrically connected to the trace layers / conductive layers in the circuit board. For example, an RF source is connected to a trace layer. The ground plane is made of conductive material. The conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will understand that the floor can also be made of other conductive materials. The floor can also be a thin metal film beneath the screen of an electronic device (such as a mobile phone).

[0092] Polarization: The polarization direction of an antenna element refers to the direction of the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave in the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna element. Common antenna element polarization methods include vertical polarization, horizontal polarization, elliptical polarization, and circular polarization. If the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element is horizontal with respect to the ground during propagation, the antenna element is horizontally polarized; if the electric field direction remains parallel to the ground during propagation, the antenna element is horizontally polarized; if the electric field direction remains perpendicular to the ground during propagation, the antenna element is both horizontal and vertically polarized; if the trajectory of the electric field vector's endpoint over time is elliptical, the antenna element is elliptically polarized.

[0093] Electric plane (E-plane): Also known as the E-plane, for linearly polarized antennas, the electric plane is the plane containing the electric field vector (also called the E-aperture) and the direction of maximum radiation. The electric field, or "E" plane, determines the polarization or direction of radio waves. For vertically polarized antennas, the E-plane typically coincides with the vertical / elevation plane. For horizontally polarized antennas, the E-plane typically coincides with the horizontal / azimuth plane. The E-plane and the H-plane should be 90 degrees apart.

[0094] Magnetic plane (E-plane): Also known as the H-plane, the magnetic plane is the plane containing the magnetic field vector (also called the H-aperture) and the direction of maximum radiation. In a linearly polarized antenna, the magnetizing field, or "H" plane, is perpendicular to the "E" plane. For vertically polarized antennas, the H-plane typically coincides with the horizontal / azimuth plane. For horizontally polarized antennas, the H-plane typically coincides with the vertical / elevation plane.

[0095] Resonance: Antenna element resonance refers to the radiating element of an antenna element having a specific size, which can be 1 / 4 wavelength, where the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point. Common resonance modes of radiating elements include 1 / 4 wavelength resonance mode, 1 / 2 wavelength resonance mode, 3 / 4 wavelength resonance mode, etc.

[0096] Operating bandwidth: The operating bandwidth of an antenna element refers to the frequency range in which it is effective. In engineering, the frequency band where the S11 parameter is less than -10dB or less than -5dB is usually referred to as the operating bandwidth.

[0097] Antenna array: An antenna array consists of multiple identical (or different) antenna elements arranged according to a certain pattern. Controlled by a controller, the radiation pattern of the array antenna is controlled by the amplitude and phase of the current fed to each antenna element. This method is also known as beamforming. Beamforming achieved through a phased array antenna control system can obtain high gain in a directional manner or enable scanning of the array antenna beam.

[0098] Medium wavelength: Due to the presence of a medium, the electromagnetic parameters of the medium (e.g., dielectric constant and permeability) are different from those in a vacuum. The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in a medium is different from that in a vacuum, that is, their wavelengths are different. The propagation wavelength in a medium is called the medium wavelength.

[0099] Smart home technology embodies the interconnectedness of everything under the influence of the internet. It connects various devices in the home, such as audio-visual equipment, smart lighting, smart curtains, smart air conditioners, security monitoring equipment, digital cinema systems, and smart appliances, through IoT technology. This provides a variety of functions and methods, including appliance control, lighting control, remote telephone control, indoor and outdoor remote control, burglar alarms, environmental monitoring, and HVAC control. Among the various functions of smart home control, smart lighting is a relatively basic control method, enabling lights to be turned on when the door is opened or before the door is opened, and turned off when the door is closed.

[0100] The basic logic for implementing smart home control is as follows: inferring the user's wishes based on the user's instructions or scenarios, then using the inferred user wishes as input to the smart home controller, and subsequently controlling the corresponding smart home to perform a set of actions. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a smart home system. Figure 1 The scenario shown includes user 001, a sensing system, and smart home device 002. The user engages in various activities during daily life, which are captured by the sensing system to infer the user's intentions. The sensing system then determines the strategy to be executed by the smart home device. Smart home device 002 then executes this strategy.

[0101] Smart home devices can include smart TVs, projectors, smart water heaters, smart curtains, smart clothes racks, smart washing machines, and other home appliances. Smart homes typically incorporate integrated circuits that respond to control strategies determined by the smart home controller based on the user's physical and physiological activities in daily life, thereby altering the smart home's operating mode.

[0102] The sensing system can be integrated into the electronic device 10. In this embodiment, the electronic device 10 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, smart home device, smart bracelet, smartwatch, smart helmet, smart glasses, etc. The electronic device 10 can also be a handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, a computing device, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, an electronic device in a 5G network, or an electronic device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc. This embodiment does not limit the scope of the application to these specific applications.

[0103] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 10. For example... Figure 2As shown, the electronic device 10 may include: a cover 11, a display screen 12, a printed circuit board 13, a middle frame 14, and a rear cover 15. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover 11 may be a glass cover, but it may also be replaced with a cover made of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass cover, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) cover, etc.

[0104] The cover plate 11 can be set close to the display screen 12, and can be mainly used to protect the display screen 12 from dust.

[0105] In some embodiments, the display screen 12 may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0106] The middle frame 14 mainly serves to support the entire machine. Figure 2 The printed circuit board 13 is shown positioned between the middle frame 14 and the rear cover 15. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the printed circuit board 13 may also be positioned between the middle frame 14 and the display screen 12; this application does not impose any limitations on this. The printed circuit board 13 may be made of flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric substrate, Rogers dielectric substrate, or a hybrid dielectric substrate of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and Rogers dielectric substrate is a high-frequency board. Electronic components, such as radio frequency chips, are mounted on the printed circuit board 13.

[0107] In some embodiments, a metal layer may be disposed on the printed circuit board 13. This metal layer can be used to ground electronic components carried on the printed circuit board 13, or to ground other components. For example, a bracket antenna, a frame antenna, etc., this metal layer may be referred to as a ground plane, grounding plate, or grounding layer. In some embodiments, this metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of any dielectric substrate in the printed circuit board 13. In some embodiments, the grounding metal layer may be disposed on the side of the printed circuit board 13 facing the mid-frame 14. In some embodiments, the edge of the printed circuit board 13 can be considered as the edge of its grounding layer. In some embodiments, the metal mid-frame 14 may also be used for grounding the aforementioned components. The electronic device 10 may also have other ground planes / grounding plates, as previously described, and will not be repeated here.

[0108] Due to the compactness of electronic devices, a ground plane / grounding layer is typically provided in the internal space 0-2mm from the inner surface of the frame (e.g., printed circuit boards, mid-frames, screen metal layers, batteries, etc. can all be considered part of the ground plane). In some embodiments, a medium is filled between the frame and the ground plane. The length and width of the rectangle formed by the inner surface contour of the filling medium can be simply regarded as the length and width of the ground plane; alternatively, the length and width of the rectangle formed by the superimposed contour of all conductive parts inside the frame can be regarded as the length and width of the ground plane.

[0109] The electronic device 10 may also include a battery (not shown). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 14 and the back cover 15, or between the middle frame 14 and the display screen 12; this application does not limit this. In some embodiments, the printed circuit board 13 is divided into a motherboard and a daughterboard, and the battery may be disposed between the motherboard and the daughterboard. Specifically, the motherboard may be disposed between the middle frame 14 and the upper edge of the battery, and the daughterboard may be disposed between the middle frame 14 and the lower edge of the battery.

[0110] The back cover 15 can be made of metal; it can also be made of non-conductive material, such as glass back cover, plastic back cover, or other non-metallic back cover; or it can be made of both conductive and non-conductive materials.

[0111] In some embodiments, the back cover 15, which includes a conductive material, can replace the middle frame 14 and serve as an integral part with the frame to support the electronic components in the whole device.

[0112] In some embodiments, conductive portions in the mid-frame 14 and / or rear cover 15 can serve as a reference ground for the electronic device 10, wherein the frame of the electronic device, the printed circuit board 13, etc., can be grounded through electrical connection with the mid-frame.

[0113] As described above, the sensing system is integrated into the electronic device 10. In some embodiments, the sensing system includes an antenna module 100, such as a millimeter-wave antenna, which can be disposed at various locations on the electronic device 10, for example, on a printed circuit board 13. In some embodiments, the millimeter-wave antenna can also be used as a radar antenna. Due to its advantages such as short wavelength, wide spectrum, and good directivity, millimeter waves have become one of the core technologies of 5G.

[0114] The antenna module 100 includes a ground layer 110, a first antenna 21, and a second antenna 22. The first antenna 21 is, for example, a transmitting antenna, and the second antenna 22 is, for example, a receiving antenna. Both the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 are stacked with the ground layer 110. The first antenna 21 emits coded electromagnetic waves, which radiate through space to an object. Due to the electromagnetic properties of the object itself, scattered waves are transmitted to the location of the second antenna 22. After signal processing, the target can be detected.

[0115] This application does not limit the application scenarios of the millimeter-wave antenna in the antenna module. In some embodiments, the millimeter-wave antenna is used in a sensing system architecture. Figure 3a This is a diagram of a sensing system architecture for an antenna. (For example...) Figure 3a As shown, the antenna sensing system architecture includes a radio frequency interface chip and an algorithm processing unit, a first antenna 21, and a second antenna 22. The algorithm unit is used to control the radio frequency interface chip to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves according to user commands or commands inferred from user actions.

[0116] For example, the radio frequency interface chip transmits the modulated signal required by the algorithm processing unit to the first antenna for radiation. After being scattered by the target, the echo is received by the second antenna. The radio frequency interface chip processes the received electromagnetic signals, and then the signals are sent to the algorithm processing unit for calculation to obtain information such as the target's position, speed, and distance, thereby facilitating system judgment.

[0117] Figure 3b This is a communication architecture diagram for one type of antenna. (Example) Figure 3b As shown, the antenna's communication frame includes a modem, a front-end module (FEM), an intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver, a first antenna 21, and a second antenna 22. The signal is processed by the modem before being transmitted to the IF transceiver, where the FEM sends the two polarized signals to the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 for radiation. For example, the aforementioned IF transceiver can be a millimeter-wave transceiver.

[0118] Figure 3a and Figure 3b An antenna array is illustrated, which includes multiple pairs of antennas, each pair including a first antenna 21 and a second antenna 22. The embodiments of this application do not limit the number of antenna pairs; for example, it can be one, two, three, or more pairs.

[0119] This application does not limit the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. In some embodiments, the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operate in the same frequency band. For example, the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operate in any communication frequency band within the range of 10 GHz to 100 GHz. For instance, the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operate in a communication frequency band including 24 GHz.

[0120] The aforementioned operating frequency band of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 being the same includes: the operating frequency bands of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 being completely or partially the same; it also includes: the resonant frequency bands of the first antenna 21 and the resonant frequency bands of the second antenna 22 at least partially overlapping. In one embodiment, the overlapping portion of the resonant frequency bands of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 accounts for more than 50% of the resonant frequency band of the first antenna 21. The overlapping portion of the resonant frequency bands of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 accounts for more than 50% of the resonant frequency band of the second antenna 22.

[0121] In other embodiments, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21 is lower than the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna 22. For example, the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21 is in the range of 25 GHz to 31 GHz, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna 22 is in the range of 37 GHz to 45 GHz. Alternatively, the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21 is in the range of 24.25 GHz to 29.5 GHz, and the operating frequency band of the second antenna 22 is in the range of 38 GHz to 42 GHz.

[0122] In embodiments where the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operate in the same frequency band, and in embodiments where the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operate in different frequency bands, the high isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 will enable the antenna including the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 to achieve better radiation performance, ensure better communication quality, and also reduce the volume occupied by the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22, thereby miniaturizing the millimeter-wave antenna.

[0123] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first antenna 21, the second antenna 22, and the ground layer 110. The first antenna 21 includes a first feed section 211 and a first radiator 212, and the first feed section 211 and the first radiator 212 are edge-coupled.

[0124] For example, the first antenna 21 further includes a microstrip line 213. The microstrip line 213, the ground layer 110 and the first radiator 212 are stacked. The other end of the microstrip line 213 is electrically connected to the first feed section 211, and one end of the microstrip line 213 is connected to the radio frequency chip. The signal of the radio frequency chip is transmitted to the first feed section 211 through the microstrip line 213, and then radiated through the first radiator 212 coupled to the first feed section 211.

[0125] For example, the edge of the first radiator 212 refers to the non-geometric center of the first radiator 212 (e.g., Figure 4 The position of point k1 in the diagram. In some embodiments, the edge of the first radiator 212 is defined as the distance from the outer periphery of the first radiator 212 toward its geometric center (e.g., point k1 in the diagram). Figure 4 The area covered by point k1 in the first radiator 212 is half the total length from its outer perimeter to its geometric center (e.g., the area covered by point k1). Figure 4 (Mid-shaded area).

[0126] The shape of the first radiator 212 is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, the first radiator 212 can be a regular structure, such as a conductive film in the shape of a triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, or circle. Alternatively, the first radiator 212 can be an irregularly shaped conductive film, wherein the aforementioned irregular structure refers to a pattern formed by multiple straight lines or multiple curves connected end to end.

[0127] For ease of description, the line connecting the center (point k1) of the first radiator 212 and the vertical projection of the first feed unit 211 onto the first radiator 212 is defined. Figure 4 The direction parallel to the dashed line s1 is the first direction (hereinafter referred to as the ox direction).

[0128] This application does not limit the size of the first radiator 212. Exemplarily, the size of the first radiator 212 is set according to the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21. For example, the maximum size of the first radiator 212 along the ox direction is 'a', where 'a' is 0.2λ-0.9λ, and λ is the wavelength in vacuum corresponding to the resonant frequency of the first antenna 21. For example, 'a' can be 0.2λ, 0.3λ, 0.4λ, 0.5λ, 0.6λ, 0.7λ, 0.8λ, or 0.9λ, etc. Similarly, in embodiments where the second antenna 22 and the first antenna 21 operate in the same frequency band, the maximum size of the second radiator 222 along the ox direction also satisfies the above relationship.

[0129] The embodiments of this application do not limit the structure of the first feed section 211 and the microstrip line 213. The extension paths of the microstrip line 213 and the first feed section 211 can be straight lines or curves.

[0130] In embodiments where the first power supply unit 211 and the first radiator 212 are not directly connected, the vertical projection of the first power supply unit 211 onto the first radiator 212 is its vertical projection onto the plane containing the first power supply unit 211. In embodiments where the vertical projection of the first power supply unit 211 onto the first radiator 212 is a line or a surface, the line connecting point k1 and the vertical projection of the first power supply unit 211 onto the first radiator 212 ( Figure 4 The dashed line s1) is the line connecting point k1 and the center of the vertical projection of the first feed unit 211 onto the first radiator 212.

[0131] It is understood that the aforementioned parallelism between the two is not limited to an angle of 0°. For example, parallelism between the dashed line s1 and the ox direction means that the angle between the dashed line s1 and the ox direction is between -10° and 10°; for example, the angle is ±10°, ±9°, ±8°, ±7°, ±6°, ±5°, ±4°, ±3°, ±2°, ±1° or 0°, etc. The description of parallelism in the following text is similar and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0132] Because the first feed section 211 and the first radiator 212 are edge-coupled, the line connecting the polarization direction of the first antenna 21, the center (k1 point) of the first radiator 212, and the vertical projection of the first feed section 211 onto the first radiator 212 ( Figure 4 The dashed line s1) is parallel. In other words, the ox direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the first antenna 21. Since the E-plane of the first antenna 21 is parallel to the polarization direction, the ox direction is also parallel to the E-plane of the first antenna 21.

[0133] Because the H-plane of the first antenna 21 is perpendicular to the polarization direction, the ox direction is also perpendicular to the H-plane. The direction parallel to the H-plane of the first antenna 21 is defined as the second direction (hereinafter referred to as the oy direction), and the oy direction is perpendicular to the ox direction. The third direction (hereinafter referred to as the oz direction) is defined as perpendicular to both the ox and oy directions. The E-plane of the first antenna 21 is parallel to the oxz plane, and the H-plane of the first antenna 21 is parallel to the oyz plane.

[0134] It is understood that the aforementioned perpendicularity between the two directions is not limited to an angle of 90°. For example, perpendicularity between the ox and oy directions includes an angle between the ox and oy directions of 80° to 100°. For instance, this angle can be 80°, 82°, 85°, 87°, 88°, 89°, 90°, 91°, 92°, 93°, 94°, 95°, 98°, or 100°, etc. The relationship between the ox and oz directions is similar. Furthermore, the subsequent descriptions of perpendicularity follow the same logic and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0135] In the embodiments of this application, the second antenna 22 includes a second feed section 221 and a second radiator 222, with the edges of the second feed section 221 and the second radiator 222 connected. The structure of the second antenna 22 is described in the preceding description of the first antenna 21, and will not be repeated here.

[0136] Figure 4 In the diagram, the line connecting the center (point k2) of the second radiator 222 and the vertical projection of the second feed section 221 onto the second radiator 222 is the dashed line s2. In some embodiments, the dashed lines s1 and s2 are parallel. The electric field direction of the first antenna 21 is parallel to the dashed line s1, and similarly, the polarization direction of the second antenna 22 is parallel to the dashed line s2. Since the dashed lines s1 and s2 are parallel, and the polarization direction of the second antenna 22 is parallel to the polarization direction of the first antenna 21, the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 have the same polarization, which is beneficial for improving the gain of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. In other words, the E-plane of the first antenna 21 and the E-plane of the second antenna 22 are coplanar, and the H-plane of the first antenna 21 and the H-plane of the second antenna 22 are coplanar. In some embodiments, the dashed lines s1 and s2 are collinear. Thus, the polarization directions of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 are the same. When an isolation structure is provided on one side of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22, the isolation structure significantly improves the isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22.

[0137] In some embodiments, to improve the isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22, the first feed section 211 is located on the side of the first radiator 212 away from the second radiator 222. The second feed section 221 is located on the side of the second radiator 222 away from the first radiator 212. Thus, the physical distance between the second feed section 221 and the first feed section 211 is greater, which can reduce signal interference between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 and improve isolation.

[0138] In other embodiments, the first power supply 211 may be located on the side of the first radiator 212 facing the second radiator 222. Correspondingly, the second power supply 221 may be located on the side of the second radiator 222 facing the first radiator 212.

[0139] As described above, in order to reduce the distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22, the volume of the antenna module 100 is reduced, thus miniaturizing the antenna module 100. The isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 provided in this embodiment is better, and even if the distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 is small, the interference between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 is also small.

[0140] This application provides an antenna module 100, such as... Figure 4As shown, the antenna module 100 includes a dielectric substrate and a first antenna 21 and a second antenna 22 disposed on the dielectric substrate. The first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operate in at least partially the same frequency band. The first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 can be patch antennas. Multiple electrical resonant structures are disposed on the dielectric substrate, with the multiple electrical resonant structures disposed on one side of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. In some embodiments, the multiple electrical resonant structures are distributed in the E-plane of the first antenna, and the multiple electrical resonant structures are spaced apart along the polarization direction of the first antenna 21. Exemplarily, the electrical resonant structures can be electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures or dipole structures. Multiple magnetic resonant structures are also disposed on the dielectric substrate. The multiple magnetic resonant structures are disposed on one side of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. In some embodiments, the multiple electrical resonant structures are distributed in the H-plane of the first antenna, and the multiple magnetic resonant structures are spaced apart along a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first antenna 21. Exemplarily, the magnetic resonant structures can be split ring resonators (SRR) structures or slot structures.

[0141] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna module 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 5 The antenna module 100 includes a ground plane 110, a first antenna 21, and a second antenna 22. The first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operate in at least partially the same frequency band. The first radiator 212 of the first antenna 21 is stacked with the ground plane 110, and the second radiator 222 of the second antenna 22 is stacked with the ground plane 110. Please refer to the structural diagrams of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. Figure 4 The description will not be repeated here.

[0142] The antenna module 100 also includes a plurality of first isolation structures 120 and a plurality of second isolation structures 130. The plurality of first isolation structures 120 are spaced apart along the ox direction and are disposed on one side of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. The plurality of second isolation structures 130 are disposed on one side of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 and are spaced apart along the oy direction.

[0143] In the aforementioned isolation structure, "isolation" refers to reducing the influence of the signal from the first antenna 21 on the second antenna 22, and reducing the influence of the signal from the second antenna 22 on the first antenna 21.

[0144] In some embodiments, both the first radiator 212 and the second radiator 222 are sheet-like structures. The ox and oy directions are parallel to the surface of the sheet-like structure. A plurality of first isolation structures 120 are located on one side of the first radiator 212 and the second radiator 222 along the oy direction, and a plurality of second isolation structures 130 are located on one side of the first radiator 212 and the second radiator 222 along the ox direction. It is understood that the first radiator 212 and the second radiator 222 may not be on the same plane.

[0145] The first isolation structure 120 includes a first conductive sheet 121, which is electrically connected to the ground layer 110. The second isolation structure 130 includes a conductor 131 and a first open-ended resonant ring 132, both of which are electrically isolated from the ground layer 110. The opening of the first open-ended resonant ring 132 faces away from the ground layer 110; both the conductor 131 and the first open-ended resonant ring 132 are parallel to the oy direction, and the conductors 131 of adjacent second isolation structures 130 are electrically connected.

[0146] In the embodiments of this application, electrical isolation means not being connected through a conductor. For example, electrical isolation between conductor 131 and ground layer 110 means that conductor 131 and ground layer 110 are not electrically connected through a conductor. Conductor 131 and ground layer 110 can be physically connected through a dielectric layer.

[0147] Because the ox direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the first antenna 21, multiple first conductive plates 121 electrically connected to the ground layer 110 are arranged along the polarization direction. These multiple first conductive plates 121 can achieve band-stop in the E-plane of the first antenna 21. Furthermore, because the oy direction is parallel to the H-plane of the first antenna 21, multiple first open resonant rings 132 are spaced apart along the oy direction, and multiple electrically connected wires 131 are also spaced apart along the oy direction. This achieves band-stop in the H-plane of the first antenna 21. The resonance generated by the coupling of the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 can provide isolation in the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21.

[0148] Furthermore, in the embodiment where the E-plane of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 are parallel, the first isolation structure 120 can achieve band-stop in both the electric field directions of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. Similarly, the second isolation structure 130 can achieve band-stop in both the H-plane of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. The resonance generated by the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 can provide isolation in the operating frequency band of the second antenna 22. The arrangement of the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 causes the first antenna 21 to absorb part of the electromagnetic energy, concentrating the energy around its perimeter. The coupling between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 is reduced, and the isolation is improved.

[0149] Figure 5In this embodiment, a plurality of first isolation structures 120 are provided on both opposite sides of the first antenna 21 along the oy direction, and a plurality of second isolation structures 130 are provided on both opposite sides of the first antenna 21 along the ox direction. In some embodiments of this application, the first isolation structure 120 may be provided only on one side of the first antenna 21 along the ox direction, which also has a positive effect on the isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. Correspondingly, the second isolation structure 130 may also be provided only on one side of the first antenna 21 along the oy direction.

[0150] In some embodiments of this application, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21 is F0. Since the second antenna 22 operates in the same frequency band as the first antenna 21, the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21 is also F0. The resonant center frequency of the plurality of first isolation structures 120 is F1, and the resonant center frequency of the plurality of second isolation structures 130 is F2, wherein 1 / 2F1≤F0<3 / 2F1, and 1 / 2F2≤F0<3 / 2F2. Thus, the plurality of first isolation structures 120 and the plurality of second isolation structures 130 generate isolation dips near the operating frequency of the first antenna 21, providing excellent isolation between the two antennas.

[0151] The embodiments of this application do not limit the magnitude of the center frequency F0. For example, F0 can be 10GHz-100GHz, such as 10GHz, 24GHz, 28GHz, 50GHz, 60GHz, 80GHz, or 100GHz.

[0152] Taking the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 operating in a communication frequency band including 24 GHz as an example, F0 is 24 GHz. The resonant center frequency F1 of the plurality of first isolation structures 120 is 12 GHz to 36 GHz, and exemplaryly, F1 is 12 GHz, 18 GHz, 20 GHz, 22 GHz, 24 GHz, 26 GHz, 30 GHz, or 35 GHz. The center frequency F2 of the plurality of second isolation structures 130 is 2 GHz to 36 GHz, and exemplaryly, F2 is 12 GHz, 18 GHz, 20 GHz, 22 GHz, 24 GHz, 26 GHz, 30 GHz, or 35 GHz.

[0153] It is understandable that there are multiple ways to achieve a resonant center frequency F1 for the multiple first isolation structures 120. For example, the resonant center frequency F1 can be adjusted by changing the size and number of the first isolation structures 120. Alternatively, the resonant center frequency F1 can be adjusted by changing the dielectric constant of the material surrounding the first isolation structure 120. Similarly, the resonant center frequency F2 can be adjusted by changing the size and number of the second isolation structure 130. Alternatively, the resonant center frequency F2 can be adjusted by changing the dielectric constant of the material surrounding the second isolation structure 130.

[0154] In the embodiments of this application, the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 have various examples. The structures of the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 are described exemplarily below.

[0155] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of a first isolation structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. The first isolation structure 120 includes a first conductive sheet 121 and a first conductive post 122. One end of the first conductive post 122 is electrically connected to the ground layer 110, and the other end of the first conductive post 122 is electrically connected to the first conductive sheet 121. The vertical projection of the first conductive post 122 on the first conductive sheet 121 is shown in the diagram. Figure 6a The middle f region is located within the first conductive sheet 121. Figure 6a In the middle, the ground layer 110, the first conductive pillar 122 and the first conductive sheet 121 are stacked along the oz direction.

[0156] Figure 6a In the example, the geometric centers of the first conductive post 122 and the first conductive sheet 121 are directly connected. In other words, the vertical projection of the first conductive post 122 onto the first conductive sheet 121 ( Figure 6a The middle f region covers the geometric center of the first conductive sheet 121. In this way, the current distribution on the first conductive sheet 121 is more uniform, the band-stop characteristics of the first isolation structure 120 are more obvious, and the isolation of the signal by the first isolation structure 120 is better.

[0157] As mentioned above, adjusting the dimensions of the first isolation structure 120 can adjust the resonant center frequency F1. Figure 6aIn the first conductive sheet 121, the dimension along the ox direction is c1, where c1 is from 0.055a to 3.5a. For example, c1 can be 0.055a, 0.06a, 0.1a, 0.2a, 0.5a, 0.8a, 1a, 1.2a, 1.5a, 1.8a, 2a, 2.1a, 2.5a, 3a, or 3.5a, etc. 'a' represents the maximum dimension of the first radiator 212 along the ox direction. Since the maximum dimension of the first radiator 212 along the ox direction is related to the operating frequency band of the first antenna 21, setting the dimension of the first conductive sheet 121 along the ox direction to 0.055a to 3.5a ensures that the resonant center frequency F1 of the multiple first isolation structures 120 satisfies: 1 / 2F1 ≤ F0 < 3 / 2F1. The first isolation structure 120 generates a band-stop near the center frequency of the first antenna 21, thereby providing better isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22.

[0158] For example, the aforementioned c1 being 0.055a to 3.5a means that the selectable range of c1 includes two endpoint values, 0.055a and 3.5a. The following descriptions are similar and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0159] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent first conductive sheets 121 along the ox direction is c2, where c2 ≤ 0.25a. For example, c2 can be 0.01a, 0.05a, 0.1a, 0.12a, 0.18a, 0.2a, 0.23a, or 0.25a, ​​etc. The relationship between c2 and a strengthens the coupling between the two adjacent first isolation structures 120, thereby providing better isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. Conversely, if the distance c2 is large, for example, greater than 0.25a, ​​the weak coupling between the two adjacent first isolation structures 120 will result in poor isolation.

[0160] If the first conductive sheet 121 and the ground layer 110 are electrically connected, the first isolation structure 120 may not need to include the first conductive post 122. In embodiments where the first conductive post 122 is not included, the aforementioned c1 and c2 can also satisfy the above conditions.

[0161] In embodiments where the first conductive sheet 121 has multiple dimensions along the ox direction, c1 is the maximum dimension of the first conductive sheet 121 along the ox direction. Similarly, in embodiments where the distance between two adjacent first conductive sheets 121 along the ox direction has multiple dimensions, c2 is the maximum distance between two adjacent first conductive sheets 121 along the ox direction.

[0162] The shape of the first conductive sheet 121 is not limited in this application embodiment. For example, the first conductive sheet 121 can be a triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal, circular, elliptical or irregularly shaped sheet structure.

[0163] In some embodiments of this application, the minimum distance between the first conductive sheet 121 and the first radiator 212 along the oy direction is r1, where r1 is 0.05a to 10a. Within this range, r1 can reduce the reflection and return loss of the first conductive sheet 121 to the first antenna 21, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. Exemplarily, the aforementioned r1 can be 0.05a, 0.5a, 1a, 1.5a, 2a, 2.5a, 3a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, or 10a. In some embodiments, the minimum distance between the first conductive sheet 121 and the second radiator 222 along the oy direction is also 0.05a to 10a.

[0164] Figure 6a In the example, the material of the first isolation structure 120 is a conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys.

[0165] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of another first isolation structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6b and Figure 6a The difference is that, Figure 6b In the diagram, the first conductive sheet 121 is hexagonal in shape. For the remaining structure, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 6a The description will not be repeated here. Figure 6a and Figure 6b In the example, the first isolation structure 120 can be regarded as an electromagnetic bandgap structure. It is understood that in other embodiments, the first isolation structure 120 may also be an electromagnetic bandgap structure of other shapes.

[0166] Figure 6c This is a schematic diagram of another first isolation structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6b and Figure 6a The difference is that, Figure 6c In the diagram, the first conductive sheet 121 is elongated. For the remaining structure, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 6a The description will not be repeated here. Figure 6c In the embodiments described, the first isolation structure 120 can be regarded as a diople structure. It is understood that in other embodiments, the first isolation structure 120 may also be a diople structure of other shapes.

[0167] Figure 6d This is a schematic diagram of another first isolation structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6d and Figure 6a The difference is that, Figure 6dIn the first isolation structure 120, a second conductive sheet 123 is also included. The second conductive sheet 123 is spaced apart from the first conductive sheet 121. The second conductive sheet 123 is located on the side of the first conductive sheet 121 facing away from the ground layer 110. The vertical projection of the first conductive post 122 on the second conductive sheet 123 is located within the second conductive sheet 123. The arrangement of the second conductive sheet 123 can reduce the distance between two adjacent first isolation structures 120 along the ox direction, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna module 100.

[0168] The shape of the second conductive sheet 123 is not limited in this embodiment. For example, the second conductive sheet 123 can be a sheet-like structure with a triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, hexagonal, circular, elliptical, or irregular shape. The second conductive sheet 123 and the first conductive sheet 121 can have the same or different shapes.

[0169] In some embodiments, the second conductive sheet 123 has a dimension of c3 in the ox direction, and the first conductive sheet 121 has a dimension of c1 in the ox direction. c1 is 0.5*c3 to 1.5*c3. For example, c1 is 0.5*c3, 0.7*c3, 0.8*c3, 0.9*c3, 1*c3, 1.2*c3, or 1.5*c3.

[0170] In some embodiments, the vertical projection of the first conductive post 122 onto the second conductive sheet 123 covers the geometric center of the second conductive sheet 123. This results in a more uniform current distribution on the second conductive sheet 123, a more pronounced band-stop characteristic of the first isolation structure 120, and better signal isolation. In other embodiments, the vertical projection of the first conductive post 122 onto the second conductive sheet 123 is spaced apart from the geometric center of the second conductive sheet 123.

[0171] Figure 6d The dashed box illustrates an exploded structural diagram of the first isolation structure 120. In some embodiments, the first isolation structure 120 further includes a second conductive post 124, which is located between the first conductive sheet 121 and the second conductive sheet 123. The two opposite ends of the second conductive post 124 are electrically connected to the first conductive sheet 121 and the second conductive sheet 123, respectively. This results in a uniform current distribution on the second conductive sheet 123 and the first conductive sheet 121, which helps to improve the isolation performance of the entire first isolation structure 120.

[0172] In some embodiments, the vertical projection of the second conductive post 124 onto the second conductive sheet 123 covers the geometric center of the second conductive sheet 123. In other embodiments, the vertical projection of the second conductive post 124 onto the second conductive sheet 123 is spaced apart from the geometric center of the second conductive sheet 123.

[0173] This application does not limit the positional relationship between the vertical projections of the first conductive post 122 and the second conductive post 124 on the first conductive sheet 121. For example, the vertical projections of the first conductive post 122 and the second conductive post 124 on the first conductive sheet 121 may overlap; or, the vertical projections of the first conductive post 122 and the second conductive post 124 on the first conductive sheet 121 may partially overlap; or, the vertical projections of the first conductive post 122 and the second conductive post 124 on the first conductive sheet 121 may not intersect.

[0174] In some embodiments of this application, the second conductive post 124 is not necessary, and the first isolation structure 120 may not have the second conductive post 124.

[0175] Figure 6d The structure of the first conductive sheet 121 in the middle and Figure 6a The structure of the first conductive piece 121 is the same. It is understood that in other embodiments, Figure 6d The structure of the first conductive sheet 121 in the middle can be related to Figure 6b or Figure 6c The structure of the first conductive sheet 121 in the middle is the same.

[0176] Please return to Figure 5 Multiple second isolation structures 130 are spaced apart along the oy direction. The conductors 131 of the multiple second isolation structures 130 are connected. In some embodiments, the conductors 131 of the multiple second isolation structures 130 are connected as a single integral part, thus multiple conductors 131 can be formed in the same process. The opening of the first open resonant ring 132 is named the first opening 133, and the first opening 133 faces away from the formation 110. The aforementioned parallelism of the first open resonant ring 132 to the oy direction means that the plane containing the first open resonant ring 132 is parallel to the oy direction.

[0177] For example, in an embodiment of this application, the open-ring resonator is an open-ring structure made of a conductive material, and the gap between the two ends of the open-ring structure is an opening. In other words, the open-ring resonator is a ring structure with its ends disconnected. In some embodiments, the open-ring resonator is a square ring.

[0178] As mentioned above, adjusting the size of the second isolation structure 130 can adjust the resonant frequency F2 of the second isolation structure 130, thereby increasing the isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22.

[0179] Figure 7a for Figure 5 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the second isolation structure 130 and the formation 110. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7aThe distance between the two ends of the first open-ended resonant ring 132 along the oy direction is b1, where b1 is between 0.055a and 0.75a, and a is the maximum dimension of the first radiator 212 along the ox direction. For example, b1 can be 0.055a, 0.06a, 0.08a, 0.1a, 0.2a, 0.3a, 0.5a, 0.6a, 0.65a, 0.7a, or 0.75a, etc. The distance between the two ends of the first open-ended resonant ring 132 along the oy direction and the maximum dimension of the first radiator 212 along the ox direction satisfy the aforementioned relationship, ensuring excellent isolation even if the distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 along the ox direction is small. This provides more options for the distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 along the ox direction, making it suitable for more application scenarios.

[0180] For example, in some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent first open resonant rings 132 along the oy direction is b2, where b2 ≤ 0.25a. For example, b2 can be 0.01a, 0.05a, 0.1a, 0.12a, 0.18a, 0.2a, 0.23a, or 0.25a, ​​etc. Since b2 and a satisfy the aforementioned relationship, the two adjacent first open resonant rings 132 are well coupled, and the resonant frequency formed by the multiple second isolation structures 130 provides high isolation performance for the two antennas.

[0181] This application embodiment does not impose any limitations on the length, thickness, and width of the conductor 131. For example, the conductor 131 is an elongated conductor, the extension direction of which is oy, and adjacent conductors 131 are electrically connected.

[0182] Under the condition that the conductor 131 and the first open resonant ring 132 are electrically isolated, the positional relationship between the conductor 131 and the first open resonant ring 132 is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0183] In some embodiments, the surface h1 of the first open-circuit resonator 132 facing away from the formation 110 is located between the conductor 131 and the formation 110. In other words, the formation 110, the first open-circuit resonator 132, and the conductor 131 are spaced apart along the oz direction. For example, the conductor 131 is located on the k1 surface, which is located on the side of the first open-circuit resonator 132 facing away from the formation 110, and the k1 surface and the h1 surface are not coplanar.

[0184] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the surface h1 of the first split-ring resonator 132 facing away from the ground layer 110 is located on the side of the conductor 131 facing away from the ground layer 110. In other words, the conductor 131 is located between the surface h1 of the first split-ring resonator 132 facing away from the ground layer 110 and the ground layer 110. For example, the conductor 131 is located on the k2 surface, and the k2 surface is located between the h1 surface and the ground layer 110. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the surface h1 of the first split-ring resonator 132 facing away from the ground layer 110 is coplanar with the conductor 131. The conductor 131 and the first split-ring resonator 132 can have the aforementioned various positional relationships, all of which can be achieved in the first antenna 21 (e.g., Figure 5 The band-stop is generated within the operating frequency band (as shown), so that the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 have excellent isolation.

[0185] Similarly, in some embodiments, the surface h2 of the ground layer 110 and the first open-circuit resonator 132 facing the ground layer 110 can be coplanar. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the surface h2 of the first open-circuit resonator 132 facing the ground layer 110 is located between the ground layer 110 and the conductor 131.

[0186] In the embodiments of this application, coplanarity is not limited to two parallel surfaces with a distance of zero. For example, coplanarity of surface h1 and conductor 131 includes an angle between surface h1 and conductor 131 less than or equal to 10°, and a distance between surface h1 and conductor 131 along the oz direction less than or equal to 0.05a. The description of other coplanarities in this document is similar and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0187] In the embodiments of this application, the shape of the first open-ring resonator 132 is not limited. For example, the first open-ring resonator 132 is a ring-shaped structure with an opening (first opening 133) that is circular or polygonal.

[0188] This application does not limit the positional relationship between the conductor 131, the first open-circuit resonant ring 132, and the first radiator 212. In some embodiments, the conductor 131 is more oriented toward the first radiator 212 relative to the first open-circuit resonant ring 132. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the conductor 131 is more away from the first radiator 212 relative to the first open-circuit resonant ring 132.

[0189] In the embodiments of this application, the first radiator 212 is closer to the second isolation structure 130 than the second radiator 222, and the distance between the second isolation structure 130 and the first radiator 212 along the ox direction is not limited. Exemplarily, the minimum distance between the second isolation structure 130 and the first radiator 212 along the ox direction is r2, where r2 is between 0.05a and 10a. Within this range, r2 can improve the reflection of the second isolation structure 130, reduce return loss, and improve the isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. Exemplarily, the aforementioned r2 can be 0.05a, 0.5a, 1a, 1.5a, 2a, 2.5a, 3a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, or 10a.

[0190] Figure 7a In the example, the material of the second isolation structure 130 is a conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys.

[0191] Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram of another second isolation structure 130 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 7b and Figure 7a , Figure 7b and Figure 7a The differences include: Figure 7b The second isolation structure 130 also includes a second open resonant ring 134, which is parallel to the oy direction. The opening of the second open resonant ring 134 faces the formation 110. For ease of description, the opening of the second open resonant ring 134 is named the second opening 135.

[0192] The conductor 131, the first open resonant ring 132, the second open resonant ring 134, and the ground layer 110 are electrically isolated from each other. The arrangement of the second open resonant ring 134 can increase the factors that change the resonant center frequency of the second isolation structure 130, so that the resonant center frequencies of multiple second isolation structures 130 are within the aforementioned F2 range, thereby improving the isolation between the two antennas.

[0193] The parallelism between the second open-ended resonant ring 134 and the oy direction means that the plane containing the second open-ended resonant ring 134 is parallel to the oy direction. This is similar to the positional relationship between the first open-ended resonant ring 132 and the conductor 131 described above. Based on the point isolation between the conductor 131 and the second open-ended resonant ring 134, the positional relationship between the conductor 131 and the second open-ended resonant ring 134 is not restricted. Similarly, the positional relationship between the formation 110 and the second open-ended resonant ring 134 can be referenced to the positional relationship between the formation 110 and the first open-ended resonant ring 132 described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0194] The positional relationship between the first open-ended resonant ring 132 and the second open-ended resonant ring 134 can also be varied. Figure 7bIn this configuration, the first open-ended resonant ring 132 and the second open-ended resonant ring 134 are spaced apart along the ox direction. For example, relative to the second open-ended resonant ring 134, the first open-ended resonant ring 132 is more oriented toward the first radiator 212, or, relative to the second open-ended resonant ring 134, the first open-ended resonant ring 132 is more away from the first radiator 212.

[0195] Figure 7b In the example, the second isolation structure 130 can be regarded as an SRR structure. In other embodiments, the second isolation structure 130 can be other types of SRR structures.

[0196] Figure 7c This is a schematic diagram of another second isolation structure 130 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7c and Figure 7b The difference lies in the different positional relationships of the first open-ring resonator 132 and the second open-ring resonator 134. Figure 7c In this configuration, the first open-circuit resonant ring 132 is disposed around the outer periphery of the second open-circuit resonant ring 134. In other words, the radial dimension of the first open-circuit resonant ring 132 is larger, and the second open-circuit resonant ring 134 extends into the cavity enclosed by the first open-circuit resonant ring 132. This helps to reduce the dimension of the first isolation structure 120 along the ox direction, which in turn helps to reduce the size of the antenna module and facilitates the miniaturization of the millimeter-wave antenna.

[0197] Please return to Figure 5 , Figure 5 In the example, the first conductive sheet 121 and the first radiator 212 are coplanar. It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the first conductive sheet 121 may be located on the side of the plane containing the first radiator 212 away from the ground layer 110, or the first conductive sheet 121 may be located on the side of the plane containing the first radiator 212 facing the ground layer 110. Similarly, the surface h1 of the first open-circuit resonant ring 132 away from the ground layer 110 may be coplanar with the first radiator 212, and may be located on the side of the plane containing the first radiator 212 away from the ground layer 110, or the side of the plane containing the first radiator 212 facing the ground layer 110. The positional relationship between the plane containing the first radiator 212 and the conductor 131 is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0198] Furthermore, this application does not limit the connection relationship between the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130. In some embodiments, the first isolation structure 120 closest to the second isolation structure 130 among a plurality of first isolation structures 120 can be electrically connected to the second isolation structure 130. For example, the first conductive sheet 121 and the first open-circuit resonant ring 132 or the wire 131 of the aforementioned first isolation structure 120 closest to the second isolation structure 130 are electrically connected. In other embodiments, the first conductive sheet 121, the first open-circuit resonant ring 132, and the wire 131 of the aforementioned first isolation structure 120 closest to the second isolation structure 130 are electrically isolated from each other.

[0199] Figure 5 In the example, a gap 101 exists between the first radiator 212 and the ground layer 110, and both the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 are located within the gap 101. The embodiments of this application do not limit the material filling the gap 101. In some embodiments, the gap 101 is filled with a gas, such as air, nitrogen, argon, or helium. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the gap 101 is filled with a dielectric material, such as a material with a dielectric constant less than 10, including materials like resins or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Alternatively, in yet another embodiment, the gap 101 may be left unfilled, for example, in a vacuum state.

[0200] In embodiments where the gap 101 is filled with a dielectric material, the aforementioned dielectric material may be a layered structure. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 8 An example will be provided.

[0201] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of another antenna module 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 and Figure 5 The differences in the examples include: antenna module 100 further includes a first dielectric layer 201, a second dielectric layer 202, and a third dielectric layer 203. For structural descriptions of the first isolation structure 120, the second isolation structure 130, the first antenna 21, and the second antenna 22, please refer to... Figure 5 The description will not be repeated here.

[0202] Figure 8In this structure, the ground layer 110, the first dielectric layer 201, the second dielectric layer 202, and the third dielectric layer 203 are stacked along the oz direction. The conductor 131, the first conductive sheet 121, the first radiator 212, and the second radiator 222 are all connected to the surface of the third dielectric layer 203 facing away from the second dielectric layer 202. The first conductive post 122 penetrates the first dielectric layer 201, the second dielectric layer 202, and the third dielectric layer 203, with its opposite ends electrically connected to the first conductive sheet 121 and the ground layer 110, respectively. The first open-ended resonant ring 132 passes through the second dielectric layer 202, with one end of the first open-ended resonant ring 132 facing the ground layer 110 located between the first dielectric layer 201 and the second dielectric layer 202. The other end of the first open-ended resonant ring 132 facing away from the ground layer 110 is located between the second dielectric layer 202 and the third dielectric layer 203.

[0203] In an embodiment where the first isolation structure 120 includes a first conductive post 122, the first conductive post 122 penetrates the first dielectric layer 201, the second dielectric layer 202, and the third dielectric layer 203, with one end electrically connected to the ground layer 110 and the other end electrically connected to the wire 131.

[0204] Thus, the first dielectric layer 201, the second dielectric layer 202, and the third dielectric layer 203 are located within the gap 101. The first dielectric layer 201, the second dielectric layer 202, and the third dielectric layer 203 provide support for the first isolation structure 120, the second isolation structure 130, the first antenna 21, and the second antenna 22. In addition, the first dielectric layer 201, the second dielectric layer 202, and the third dielectric layer 203 also provide insulation to prevent other conductive materials from entering the gap 101 and affecting the electrical signals of the antenna module 100.

[0205] Additionally, in the antenna module 100 and the printed circuit board 13 (such as...) Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, Figure 8 Both the antenna module 100 and the printed circuit board 13 shown can be fabricated using printing technology. The antenna module 100 and the printed circuit board 13 can be manufactured using the same process, which helps save costs. Furthermore, in embodiments where the antenna module 100 has a small volume or size (e.g., millimeter-level), the supporting function of the first dielectric layer 201, the second dielectric layer 202, and the third dielectric layer 203 can prevent the collapse of adjacent conductive structures from affecting mechanical properties. For example, the first dielectric layer 201 can prevent the end of the first open resonant ring 132 facing the ground layer 110 from contacting the ground layer 110, thus avoiding affecting the resonance effect of the second isolation structure 130.

[0206] As described above, in the embodiments of this application, the first isolation structure 120 has at least Figure 6a , Figure 6b , Figure 6c as well as Figure 6dThe various implementation methods are shown. In the first isolation structure 120, Figure 6a , Figure 6b , Figure 6c as well as Figure 6d In any embodiment of the structure shown, with Figure 8 Similarly, in the examples shown, the first isolation structure 120 can be disposed within the dielectric material. The number of dielectric layers can be set according to the manufacturing process requirements. In other words, in this embodiment, the number of dielectric layers can be set according to the process and the structure of the first isolation structure 120; for example, the number of dielectric layers can be one, two, three, four, or more. The second isolation structure 130 is similar; the second isolation structure 130 is as described above. Figure 7a 、and 7b and Figure 7c In any of the embodiments shown, the second isolation structure 130 can be disposed in the dielectric material. Similarly, the number of dielectric layers can be set according to the process and the structure of the second isolation structure 130.

[0207] In some embodiments of this application, the second isolation structure 130 may not include the first open resonant ring 132. The following is in conjunction with... Figure 9a An example will be provided.

[0208] Figure 9a This is a schematic diagram of a second isolation structure 130 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9a In this configuration, the second isolation structure 130 includes a first electrical connector 136, a second electrical connector 137, a first conductive segment 138, and a second conductive segment 139. The two opposite ends of the first electrical connector 136 are electrically connected to the ground layer 110 and the first conductive segment 138, respectively. The two opposite ends of the second electrical connector 137 are electrically connected to the ground layer 110 and the second conductive segment 139, respectively. Both the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 extend along the oy direction, and both are located between the plane containing the first electrical connector 136 and the plane containing the second electrical connector 137. Similarly, the multiple second isolation structures 130 have band-stop characteristics in the H-plane of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22, and the resonance generated by the coupling of the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 can provide isolation in the operating frequency bands of the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22.

[0209] In other words, the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 are located between the plane containing the first electrical connector 136 and the plane containing the second electrical connector 137. The plane containing the first electrical connector 136 is parallel to the ox direction and coplanar with the first electrical connector 136; the plane containing the second electrical connector 137 is parallel to the ox direction and coplanar with the second electrical connector 137.

[0210] In some embodiments of this application, a portion of the end of the first conductive segment 138 may lie outside the plane containing the first electrical connector 136 and the plane containing the second electrical connector 137. For example, the length of the portion of the first conductive segment 138 outside the aforementioned two planes along the oz direction is less than or equal to 0.03a, where a is the maximum dimension of the first radiator 212 along the ox direction. Similarly, in some embodiments, a portion of the end of the second conductive segment 139 may lie outside the plane containing the first electrical connector 136 and the plane containing the second electrical connector 137. For example, the length of the portion of the first conductive segment 138 outside the aforementioned two planes along the oz direction is less than or equal to 0.03a.

[0211] Similarly, in Figure 9a In the example, adjusting the dimensions of the second isolation structure 130 can adjust the resonant frequency F2 of the second isolation structure 130 to increase the isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. In some embodiments, the distance between the first electrical connector 136 and the second electrical connector 137 along the oy direction is t1. The distance between the plane containing the first electrical connector 136 and the plane containing the second electrical connector 137 is t1. t1 is from 0.27a to 3.5a. Exemplarily, t1 is 0.27a, 0.5a, 1a, 1.5a, 1.6a, 2.1a, 2.2a, 2.6a, 2.8a, or 3a, etc. Thus, the resonant center frequencies F2 of the plurality of second isolation structures 130 are such that 1 / 2F2≤F0<3 / 2F2, where F0 is the operating frequency of the first antenna 21.

[0212] In some embodiments of this application, the distance between two adjacent second isolation structures 130 along the oy direction is t2, where t2 ≤ 0.5a. For example, t2 can be 0.01a, 0.03a, 0.05a, 0.1a, 0.2a, 0.25a, ​​0.3a, 0.35a, 0.4a, or 0.5a, etc. Thus, with t2 within the aforementioned range, the coupling between two adjacent second isolation structures 130 can be improved, increasing the isolation between the two antennas while enhancing the integration of the millimeter-wave antenna, which is beneficial for the miniaturization of the millimeter-wave antenna.

[0213] Figure 9a In the example, the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 are spaced apart along the ox direction. Exemplarily, the first conductive segment 138 is further away from the first radiator 212 than the second conductive segment 139. Alternatively, the second conductive segment 139 is further away from the first radiator 212 than the first conductive segment 138.

[0214] This application embodiment does not limit the relative positions of the ends of the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 along the oy direction. For example, Figure 9aIn this embodiment, the projections of the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 onto the oyz plane overlap. In other embodiments, the projections of the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 onto the oyz plane may partially overlap, or they may not overlap. Both the oy direction and the oz direction are parallel to the oyz plane.

[0215] Figure 9b This is a schematic diagram of another second isolation structure 130 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9b and Figure 9a The differences include: the positional relationship between the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 is different; for the remaining structure, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 9a Description of the example shown. Figure 9b In this configuration, the first conductive segment 138 and the second conductive segment 139 are spaced apart along the oy direction. Thus, the multiple second isolation structures 130 can also improve the isolation between the two antennas. Figure 9b In the example, the projections of the first conductive segment 138 onto the oxz plane and the second conductive segment 139 onto the oxz plane overlap. In other embodiments, the projections of the first conductive segment 138 onto the oxz plane and the second conductive segment 139 onto the oxz plane may partially overlap or not overlap. Both the ox and oz directions are parallel to the oxz plane. Figure 9b In the embodiments described, the second isolation structure 130 can be regarded as a slot structure. It is understood that in other embodiments, the second isolation structure 130 may also be a slot structure of other shapes.

[0216] The second isolation structure 130 is Figure 9a or Figure 9b In any embodiment of the structure, the second isolation structure 130 may also be disposed in the dielectric material, and the disposal method is the same as described above. Figure 8 The description in the text is similar. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the second isolation structure 130 may also be disposed in air or a vacuum, without limitation.

[0217] In the embodiments of this application, the first isolation structure 120 may have various structures, including but not limited to... Figure 6a , Figure 6b , Figure 6c as well as Figure 6d The structure shown. The second isolation structure 130 can have various structures, including but not limited to... Figure 7a 、and 7b、 Figure 7c , Figure 9a as well as Figure 9bThe structure shown is such that the structures of the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 can each be independently selected; in other words, the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 in the antenna module 100 can be arbitrarily combined. Furthermore, the antenna module 100 has good isolation, which can reduce the distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22.

[0218] For example, in the embodiments of this application, due to the excellent isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22, the distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 along the x-direction can be small, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna module 100. For example, the minimum distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 along the x-direction is m, where m is 0.016a to 2.5a. The distance between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 along the x-direction is within the aforementioned range, and the coupling between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 is low while the distance is relatively small. The band-stop characteristics of the first isolation structure 120 and the second isolation structure 130 can give the antenna module 100 the advantage of high isolation. For example, m can be 0.016a, 0.03a, 0.05a, 0.1a, 0.2a, 0.5a, 0.8a, 1.1a, 1.3a, 1.6a, 1.8a, 2a, 2.3a, or 2.5a, etc.

[0219] In addition, the antenna module 100 provided in this application embodiment is suitable for environments with surrounding dielectric or metal loading, as well as scenarios with a large reference ground area, and can maintain a high degree of isolation in the aforementioned scenarios.

[0220] Accordingly, the antenna module 100 is mounted on the printed circuit board 13 (e.g., Figure 2 The location of the antenna module 100 on the printed circuit board 13 (as shown) is not limited. For example, in some embodiments, the antenna module 100 may be located near the center of the printed circuit board 13, so that even if the ground plane 110 of the antenna module 100 is connected to a large reference ground, the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22 can still achieve high isolation. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the antenna module 100 may be located at the edge of the printed circuit board 13, for example, the antenna module 100 and the back cover 15 (as shown) Figure 2 The distance between the antenna module 100 and the rear cover 15 (as shown) is relatively small. In embodiments where the rear cover 15 is made of metal or plastic, high isolation can be achieved even when the antenna module 100 and the rear cover 15 are close together. In embodiments where the rear cover 15 is made of metal, a window can be provided in the vertical projection area of ​​the antenna module 100 on the rear cover 15 to allow the signal radiated by the antenna module 100 to propagate outside the rear cover 15. Figure 2 The distance between (as shown) can be along the printed circuit board 13 (e.g. Figure 2The dimension in the thickness direction (as shown) can also be the dimension along the width direction of the printed circuit board 13, etc. This illustrates that the antenna module 100 provided in this embodiment has excellent environmental resistance; when used in various environments, the antenna module 100 can demonstrate its excellent isolation performance.

[0221] As described above, in the embodiments of this application, the antenna array includes multiple antenna pairs. When the antenna module 100 provided in the embodiments of this application is used in an antenna array scenario, it can also achieve high isolation between antennas.

[0222] Figure 9c This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array. Figure 9c In the antenna array, there are two antenna modules 100, which are arranged side by side. Figure 9c In the example, the two antenna modules 100 share the second isolation structure 130, which can reduce the size of the antenna array while providing excellent isolation between the first antenna 21 and the second antenna 22. It is understood that in other embodiments, the two antenna modules 100 may share the first isolation structure 120.

[0223] exist Figure 9c In the example, one antenna serves as the transmitting antenna, and three antennas serve as the receiving antennas. Alternatively, one antenna can serve as the transmitting antenna, and two antennas can serve as the receiving antennas, which can also achieve wideband high isolation between the transmitting and receiving antennas.

[0224] The following combination Figures 10a-10f The performance of an antenna module 100 provided in the embodiments of this application is described. Figures 10a-10f The example shown is an antenna module with the first isolation structure as described above. Figure 6a The first isolation structure 120 shown is, and the second isolation structure is... Figure 7b The antenna module of the second isolation structure 130 shown.

[0225] The antenna pair in the first comparative example described below does not have an isolation structure. The antenna pair in the second comparative example includes... Figure 6a The first isolation structure 120 shown does not have an antenna pair with a second isolation structure. The antenna pair in the third comparative example includes... Figure 7b The second isolation structure 130 shown does not have the antenna pair of the first isolation structure.

[0226] Figure 10a This is a graph showing the S11 parameters of the antenna module. Figure 10a In the diagram, n1 is the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna pair in the first comparative example, n2 is the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna pair in the second comparative example, n3 is the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna module provided in the embodiments of this application, and n4 is the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna pair in the third comparative example.

[0227] As can be seen from 10a, the antennas of the first and second comparative examples both have one resonant point within the indicated frequency band (23GHz-27GHz). The antenna pair of the third comparative example exhibits two resonant points within the indicated frequency band (23GHz-27GHz). The antenna module provided in this application exhibits a resonant point, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna module provided in this application is significantly improved.

[0228] Figure 10b This is a graph showing the S21 parameters of the antenna module. Figure 10b In the diagram, m1 is the isolation curve of the antenna pair in the first comparative example, m2 is the isolation curve of the antenna pair in the second comparative example, m3 is the isolation curve of the antenna module provided in the embodiment of this application, and m4 is the isolation curve of the antenna pair in the third comparative example.

[0229] from Figure 10b As can be seen, the antenna pair with only the second isolation structure (the antenna pair of the third comparative example) did not show any obvious isolation dip, and the isolation was close to 30dB in the 23GHz to 25.5GHz range. The antenna pair with only the first isolation structure (the antenna pair of the second comparative example) showed an isolation dip around 23.5GHz. The antenna module with an isolation greater than 35dB provided by the embodiments of this application can cover a bandwidth of 24GHz to 25.5GHz.

[0230] Figure 10c This is a gain curve of the antenna module. Figure 10c In the diagram, p1 is the gain curve of the antenna pair in the first comparative example, p2 is the gain curve of the antenna pair in the second comparative example, p3 is the gain curve of the antenna module provided in the embodiment of this application, and p4 is the gain curve of the antenna pair in the third comparative example. Figure 10c As can be seen, compared with the antenna pair without an isolation structure (the antenna pair of the first comparative example), the antenna pair with only the first isolation structure (the antenna pair of the second comparative example) and the antenna pair with only the second isolation structure (the antenna pair of the third comparative example) both show a slight increase in gain; the antenna module provided in this embodiment has an increase in gain of approximately 1 dB. This is because both the first and second isolation structures can suppress surface waves of the antenna, and the secondary radiation from both structures can improve the antenna gain.

[0231] Figure 10d This is a graph showing the radiation efficiency of the antenna module. Figure 10d In the diagram, g1 is the radiation efficiency curve of the antenna pair of the first comparative example, g2 is the radiation efficiency curve of the antenna pair of the second comparative example, g3 is the radiation efficiency curve of the antenna module provided in the embodiments of this application, and g4 is the radiation efficiency curve of the antenna pair of the third comparative example.

[0232] from Figure 10d It can be seen that, compared with the antenna pair without an isolation structure (the antenna pair of the first comparative example), the radiation efficiency of the antenna module provided in this application embodiment is reduced by only 0.05dB, indicating that the first isolation structure and the second isolation structure provided in this application embodiment have little impact on the radiation efficiency.

[0233] Figure 10e The antenna pattern is shown for the antenna pair in the first comparative example. Figure 10e As can be seen, the antenna pattern exhibits a split lobe problem, and the beam is not concentrated. Figure 10f The antenna pattern of the antenna module provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 10e and Figure 10f The comparison shows that the sidelobes of the antenna module provided in this application embodiment are basically eliminated, and the beam is more concentrated. Furthermore, Figure 10e In the first comparative example, the antenna gain is 5.6 dBi. Figure 10f In this embodiment, the antenna module gain is 6.55 dBi. This indicates that the multiple first isolation structures and multiple second isolation structures provided in this embodiment increase the antenna gain by approximately 1 dB. It also indicates that both the first and second isolation structures can suppress surface wave utilization of the antenna, and that the secondary radiation from both structures can improve the antenna gain.

[0234] Figure 10e and Figure 10f Only one antenna module's performance has been illustrated. It is understood that antenna modules including any of the first isolation structures and any of the second isolation structures provided in the embodiments of this application have the advantages of more concentrated beam, improved antenna gain, low radiation efficiency loss, significantly improved impedance bandwidth, and high isolation.

[0235] The above discussion describes an isolation structure where the first and second antennas in an antenna alignment operate at the same frequency band. In some embodiments of this application, the first and second antennas in the antenna alignment may operate at different frequency bands. For example, the center frequency of the first antenna's operating frequency band may be lower than the center frequency of the second antenna's operating frequency band. The following discussion, in conjunction with... Figure 11a An exemplary description is provided.

[0236] Figure 11a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11a In the antenna module 200, there are: a ground plane 210, a low-frequency antenna 220, a high-frequency antenna 230, and multiple isolation components 240. Both the low-frequency antenna 220 and the high-frequency antenna 230 are connected to the ground plane 210. For the structures of the low-frequency antenna 220 and the high-frequency antenna 230, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 4 For a description of the first antenna 21, please refer to the connection method of the low-frequency antenna 220 and the ground plane 210. Figure 4 The description of the first antenna 21 and the ground layer 110 is omitted here. The center frequency of the low-frequency antenna 220 is lower than the center frequency of the high-frequency antenna 230.

[0237] In this context, "low frequency" in the aforementioned low-frequency antenna 220 refers to its operating frequency center frequency being lower than that of the high-frequency antenna 230, and does not limit the maximum frequency of its operating frequency band. Similarly, "high frequency" refers to its operating frequency center frequency being higher than that of the low-frequency antenna 220, and does not limit the minimum frequency of its operating frequency band.

[0238] Figure 11a In the example, multiple isolation components 240 are arranged around the high-frequency antenna 230. Each isolation component 240 includes a conductive strip 241 and a first conductive post 242. A ground plane 210, the first conductive post 242, and the conductive strip 241 are stacked, with the multiple conductive strips 241 spaced apart along the outer periphery of the high-frequency antenna 230. One end of the first conductive post 242 is electrically connected to the ground plane 210, and the other end is electrically connected to the conductive strip 241. Thus, the resonance generated by the multiple isolation components 240 surrounding the high-frequency antenna 230 can produce efficiency and gain dips in the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna 220, improving the isolation between the low-frequency antenna 220 and the high-frequency antenna 230, which have different center frequencies.

[0239] This application does not limit the size of the multiple isolation components 240. Exemplarily, in some embodiments, the length of the conductive strip 241 is v, where v is from 0.3λ to 0.7λ, for example, v can be 0.3λ, 0.4λ, 0.5λ, 0.6λ, or 0.7λ. λ is the wavelength in vacuum corresponding to the notch isolation frequency of the low-frequency antenna 220. With the length of the conductive strip 241 within the above range for the high-frequency antenna 230, the isolation component 240 has band-stop characteristics in the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna 220, improving the isolation between the low-frequency antenna 220 and the high-frequency antenna 230.

[0240] This application embodiment does not limit the connection position of the first conductive post 242 and the conductive strip 241. In some embodiments, the first conductive post 242 and the conductive strip 241 are connected at their centers. For example, the projection of the first conductive post 242 onto the surface of the conductive strip 241 covers the center of the conductive strip 241. In this way, the isolation component 240 has excellent band-stop characteristics in the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna 220.

[0241] Figure 11aIn this embodiment, the antenna module 200 further includes a plurality of second conductive posts 251 and a conductive ring 252. The conductive ring 252 is wound around the low-frequency antenna 220, and the conductive ring 252 and the ground plane 210 are stacked on top of each other, with the conductive ring 252 connected end to end. One end of the second conductive post 251 is electrically connected to the ground plane 210, and the other end of the second conductive post 251 is electrically connected to the conductive ring 252. The conductive ring 252 and the low-frequency antenna 220 are electrically isolated.

[0242] Thus, the resonance generated by the multiple second conductive pillars 251 and conductive rings 252 surrounding the low-frequency antenna 220 can create an enclosing cavity in the operating frequency band of the high-frequency antenna 230, thereby improving the isolation between the low-frequency antenna 220 and the high-frequency antenna 230 with different center frequencies.

[0243] Figure 11b This is a schematic diagram of another antenna module 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 11a and Figure 11b The differences include: the low-frequency antenna 220 and the high-frequency antenna 230 have different structures, and the conductive strip 241 has different structures. For more details, please refer to [link to other documentation]. Figure 11a The description will not be repeated here.

[0244] Figure 11b In the low-frequency antenna 220, two layers of radiating patches 351 are spaced apart along the thickness direction of the floor 210. In some embodiments, the two layers of radiating patches 351 are electrically isolated. In other embodiments, the two layers of radiating patches 351 are electrically connected. Similarly, the high-frequency antenna 230 also includes two layers of radiating patches 351 spaced apart.

[0245] Figure 11b In this design, the conductive strip 241 includes a first metal wire 243, a second metal wire 244, and a metal via 245. The floor 210, the first metal wire 243, and the second metal wire 244 are stacked. One end of the first metal wire 243 and the second metal wire 244 are electrically connected through the metal via 245. The middle portion of the first conductive post 242 and the second metal wire 244 are electrically connected. Thus, without reducing the length of the conductive strip 241, the area projected onto the floor 210 by the conductive strip 241 is reduced, which helps to reduce the volume occupied by the conductive strip 241.

[0246] Figure 11b In the conductive strip 241, there are two second metal wires 244 and two metal vias 245. The two metal vias 245 are electrically connected to the opposite ends of the second metal wires 244, respectively. The two second metal wires 244 and the two metal vias 245 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0247] Figure 12a for Figure 11a The diagram shows the reflection curve of the low-frequency antenna in the antenna module shown. Figure 12a In the diagram, curve u1 represents the S11 parameter curve for one port of the low-frequency antenna (e.g., named port 1), and curve u2 represents the S22 parameter curve for the other port of the low-frequency antenna (e.g., named port 2). It can be seen that the operating frequency band of the low-frequency antenna is from 24.6 GHz to 33 GHz.

[0248] Figure 12b for Figure 11a The reflection curve of the high-frequency antenna in the antenna module shown is illustrated. Figure 12b In the diagram, curve u3 represents the S33 parameter curve for one port of the high-frequency antenna (e.g., named port 3), and curve u4 represents the S44 parameter curve for another port of the high-frequency antenna (e.g., named port 4). It can be seen that the operating frequency band of the high-frequency antenna is 37 GHz to 45 GHz.

[0249] Figure 12c for Figure 11a The diagram shows the isolation curves between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas in the antenna module shown. Figure 12c In the diagram, curve u5 represents the S31 isolation curve between port 1 of the low-frequency antenna and port 3 of the high-frequency antenna. Curve u6 represents the S41 isolation curve between port 1 of the low-frequency antenna and port 4 of the high-frequency antenna. Curve u7 represents the S23 isolation curve between port 2 of the low-frequency antenna and port 3 of the high-frequency antenna. Curve u8 represents the S24 isolation curve between port 2 of the low-frequency antenna and port 4 of the high-frequency antenna. Figure 12c It can be seen that in the 24.25GHz-29.5GHz and 38GHz-42GHz frequency bands, the losses of both high-frequency and low-frequency antennas are less than 25dB.

[0250] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna module, characterized by The antenna module comprises: a ground layer; a first antenna and a second antenna with the same operating frequency band; the first antenna comprises a first feeding portion and a first radiator; the first feeding portion and the first radiator are edge-coupled; the second antenna comprises a second feeding portion and a second radiator; the second feeding portion and the second radiator are edge-coupled; the first radiator and the second radiator are respectively stacked and spaced apart from the ground layer; a plurality of first isolation structures, which are spaced apart on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator; the first isolation structures are spaced apart along a first direction; the first isolation structure comprises a first conductive sheet which is stacked and electrically connected with the ground layer; the first direction is parallel to the line connecting the center of the first radiator and the vertical projection of the first feeding portion on the first radiator; a plurality of second isolation structures, which are arranged on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator; the second isolation structures are spaced apart along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; the second isolation structure comprises a wire and a first open resonant ring which are electrically isolated from the ground layer; the opening of the first open resonant ring faces away from the ground layer; the wire and the first open resonant ring are parallel to the second direction, and the wires of adjacent second isolation structures are electrically connected.

2. The antenna module of claim 1, wherein, The first isolation structure further comprises a first conductive column, one end of which is electrically connected with the ground layer, and the other end of which is electrically connected with the first conductive sheet; the vertical projection of the first conductive column on the first conductive sheet is located in the first conductive sheet.

3. The antenna module of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The vertical projection of the first conductive column on the first conductive sheet covers the center of the first conductive sheet.

4. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The first isolation structure further comprises a second conductive sheet, which is located on the side of the first conductive sheet away from the ground layer; the second conductive sheet is spaced apart from the first conductive sheet; the vertical projection of the first conductive column on the second conductive sheet is located in the second conductive sheet.

5. The antenna module of claim 4, wherein, The first isolation structure further comprises a second conductive column, opposite ends of which are electrically connected with the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet, respectively.

6. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The surface of the first open resonant ring away from the ground layer is located between the wire and the ground layer. Alternatively, the surface of the first open resonant ring away from the ground layer is coplanar with the wire, or the wire is located between the surface of the first open resonant ring away from the ground layer and the ground layer.

7. The antenna module of any of claims 1-6, wherein, The surface of the first open resonant ring toward the ground layer is coplanar with the ground layer.

8. The antenna module of any of claims 1-7, wherein, The second isolation structure further comprises a second open resonant ring, which is parallel to the second direction; the opening of the second open resonant ring faces toward the ground layer; the wire, the second open resonant ring, the first open resonant ring, and the ground layer are electrically isolated from each other; wherein the second open resonant ring and the first open resonant ring are spaced apart along the first direction, or the first open resonant ring is arranged outside the periphery of the second open resonant ring.

9. The antenna module of any of claims 1-8, wherein, The first conductive sheet has a dimension along the first direction of 0.055a to 3.5a, a being a maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction.

10. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-9, wherein, A distance between two adjacent first conductive sheets along the first direction is ≤0.25a, a being a maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction.

11. The antenna module of any of claims 1-10, wherein, The first open resonant loop has a distance between opposite ends along the second direction of 0.055a to 0.75a, a being a maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction.

12. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-11, wherein, A distance between two adjacent first open resonant loops along the second direction is ≤0.25a, a being a maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction.

13. The antenna module of any of claims 1-12, wherein, The first radiator has a maximum dimension along the first direction of a, where a is 0.2λ to 0.9λ, λ being a wavelength in vacuum corresponding to a resonant frequency point of the first antenna.

14. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, A line connecting a center of the second radiator and a vertical projection of the second feeding portion on the second radiator is parallel to the first direction.

15. The antenna module of any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The first radiator and the second radiator are both in a sheet structure, the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to a plane in which the sheet structure is located, the first isolation structure is arranged on one side of the sheet structure along the second direction, and the second isolation structure is arranged on one side of the sheet structure along the first direction.

16. An antenna module, characterized by The antenna module comprises: a ground layer; a first antenna and a second antenna having a same frequency band; the first antenna comprises a first feeding portion and a first radiator; edges of the first feeding portion and the first radiator are coupled; the second antenna comprises a second feeding portion and a second radiator; edges of the second feeding portion and the second radiator are coupled; the first radiator and the second radiator are respectively and spacedly arranged with the ground layer; a plurality of first isolation structures spacedly arranged on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator; the plurality of first isolation structures are spacedly distributed along a first direction; the first isolation structure comprises a first conductive sheet electrically connected with the ground layer; the first direction is parallel to a line connecting a center of the first radiator and a vertical projection of the first feeding portion on the first radiator; a plurality of second isolation structures arranged on one side of the first radiator and the second radiator; the plurality of second isolation structures are spacedly distributed along a second direction; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; the second isolation structure comprises a first electrical connector, a second electrical connector, a first conductive segment and a second conductive segment; opposite ends of the first electrical connector are respectively electrically connected with the ground layer and the first conductive segment; opposite ends of the second electrical connector are respectively electrically connected with the ground layer and the second conductive segment; the first conductive segment and the second conductive segment both extend along the second direction and are located between a plane in which the first electrical connector is located and a plane in which the second electrical connector is located.

17. The antenna module of claim 16, wherein, The first conductive segment and the second conductive segment are spacedly arranged along the second direction. Alternatively, the first conductive segment and the second conductive segment are spacedly arranged along the first direction.

18. The antenna module of claim 16 or 17, wherein, The distance between the first electric connection and the second electric connection along the second direction is 0.27a-3.5a, a being the maximum dimension of the first radiator along the first direction.

19. The antenna module of any of claims 16-18, wherein, The distance between two adjacent second isolation structures along the second direction is ≤0.5a, a being the maximum dimension of the first antenna along the first direction.

20. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises a printed circuit board and the antenna module of any one of claims 1-19, the ground layer being grounded to the printed circuit board.

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