Deep coupling system of energy-saving cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage in data centers

Abstract

The present invention discloses a deep coupling system for data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage, comprising a data center and a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem. The data center includes a power supply subsystem and a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with a new energy power generation subsystem and / or a mains power grid as a power supply coupled to the power supply subsystem to supply power to the data center. The working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center. The solution of the present invention can, on the one hand, provide stable and uninterrupted power for the data center, thereby optimizing the allocation of energy for the data center. On the other hand, it can reduce the cooling energy consumption of the data center and the cost investment in the cooling system equipment. In addition, the waste heat generated by the data center can be recycled and reused in the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the system energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the intersection of carbon dioxide energy storage technology and data center technology, and in particular to a deep coupling system of data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage. Background Art

[0002] Data centers, as a crucial cornerstone of the modern information society, are a new type of infrastructure for achieving digital transformation, intelligent upgrades, and integrated innovation. With the rapid development of my country's digital economy and artificial intelligence, the computing power demand, scale, and number of data centers have increased dramatically year by year, leading to a continuous rise in their energy consumption. This surge in data center electricity demand not only places immense pressure on the power grid but also poses severe environmental challenges. Data center electricity consumption is primarily driven by IT equipment, cooling equipment, power supply and distribution systems, and lighting. The continued rise in energy consumption and thermal management requirements has led to a significant increase in server heat generation. Studies have shown that cooling equipment power consumption, driven by cooling and heat dissipation, accounts for approximately 40% of data center energy consumption, making it the primary source of electricity consumption. Currently, data center power demand and energy consumption are becoming key bottlenecks hindering their development. Optimizing data center power supply and cooling solutions is a challenge the industry is constantly exploring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a deep coupling system of data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage to solve the problem of how to stably supply power to the data center and reduce the energy consumption of cooling and heat dissipation of the data center.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A deep coupling system for energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage in a data center, comprising a data center and a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, wherein the data center includes a power supply subsystem and a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem;

[0006] The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with the new energy power generation subsystem and / or the mains power grid as a power supply and is coupled to the power supply subsystem to supply power to the data center;

[0007] The working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center;

[0008] The working fluid circulation loop includes a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit, and an energy release component that are sequentially connected in a closed loop. The working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in accordance with at least one of the following coupling modes (I) to (IV):

[0009] Coupling mode (I): A first throttling mechanism and a gas-liquid separation mechanism are sequentially provided on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit, the liquid phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to a first cooling pipeline coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. The gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then returned to the gas storage unit or the energy release component;

[0010] Coupling mode (II): A second cooling pipeline is provided at the outlet end of the energy storage component and coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. A second throttling mechanism is provided on the second cooling pipeline to throttle and cool the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage component and then used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return it to the gas storage unit;

[0011] Coupling mode (III): The connecting pipeline between the energy release component and the gas storage unit is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the gas storage unit;

[0012] Coupling mode (IV): The connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component.

[0013] In a specific embodiment, the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is a first temperature; when the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in the coupling mode (III), the energy release component is controlled to reduce the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet to below the second temperature to improve the energy release efficiency; wherein, the second temperature is lower than the first temperature, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is heated by heat exchange in the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem to above the first temperature, and then returned to the gas storage unit.

[0014] In a specific scheme, in the coupling mode (IV), the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component includes a first connecting pipeline and a second connecting pipeline; one end of the first connecting pipeline is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the other end is connected to the energy release component; the second connecting pipeline is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a first buffer tank and a third throttling mechanism are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is input to the first buffer tank, and then throttled and reduced in pressure by the third throttling mechanism and input to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and then returned to the energy release component after cooling and dissipating the heat for the data center.

[0015] In a specific embodiment, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem by combining at least one of the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (II) and at least one of the coupling mode (III) and the coupling mode (IV);

[0016] When the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is in the energy storage condition, the carbon dioxide working fluid drawn out by the coupling mode (I) and / or the coupling mode (II) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center; when the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is in the energy release condition, the carbon dioxide working fluid drawn out by the coupling mode (III) and / or the coupling mode (IV) is used as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center.

[0017] In a specific embodiment, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem by combining the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (IV);

[0018] Wherein, in the coupling mode (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component;

[0019] Wherein, a first valve is provided on the first cooling pipeline between the gas-liquid separation mechanism and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a second valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem.

[0020] In a specific scheme, the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem includes a cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium drawn out from the working medium circulation loop cools and dissipates heat for the data center in a direct cooling manner or an indirect cooling manner; wherein, in the direct cooling manner, the carbon dioxide working medium is injected into the cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly exchanges heat with the heating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline; in the indirect cooling manner, the cooling circulation pipeline is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger and an intermediate heat exchange medium flows through it, the carbon dioxide working medium exchanges heat with the intermediate heat exchange medium in the intermediate heat exchanger, and then the intermediate heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the heating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline.

[0021] In a specific solution, the data center is further provided with a fire protection subsystem, and the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is also coupled to the fire protection subsystem, and the carbon dioxide working fluid in the working fluid circulation loop is used as the fire extinguishing agent of the fire protection subsystem.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the fire protection subsystem in accordance with at least one of the following coupling modes (V) to (VI):

[0023] Coupling mode (V): A first fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the gas storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem fire extinguishing agent, and a third valve is provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline;

[0024] Coupling mode (VI): A second fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the liquid storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem fire-fighting agent, and a fourth valve is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline.

[0025] In a specific solution, in the coupling mode (V), a driving fan and an air pressure sensor are further provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline.

[0026] In a specific solution, in the coupling mode (VI), a second buffer tank is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the fourth valve.

[0027] An embodiment of the present invention provides a deeply coupled system for data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage. On the one hand, a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with a new energy power generation subsystem and / or a mains power grid to serve as a power supply for the data center. The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem stores energy during periods of excess new energy generation or low electricity prices and releases energy during peak electricity price periods, providing the data center with stable and uninterrupted power. This balances the energy supply and demand of the data center, achieves optimal allocation of energy for the data center, and solves the problems of high power supply and energy costs in the data center. On the other hand, carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat in the data center, reducing the data center's refrigeration energy consumption and the cost investment in refrigeration system equipment. In addition, waste heat generated by the data center can be recycled and reused in the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the system energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of the deep coupling system in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figures 2 to 7 1 is a structural diagram of some preferred coupling modes for coupling the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem of the data center in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 is a structural block diagram of the deep coupling system in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 is a structural block diagram of the deep coupling system in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 It is a structural diagram of some preferred coupling modes for coupling the working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem and the fire protection subsystem of the data center in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention shown in and described with reference to the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0034] It should be noted that the same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, the accompanying drawings only show structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solutions according to the present invention, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] This embodiment provides a deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for data centers. Figure 1 As shown, the system mainly includes a CO2 energy storage subsystem 100 and a data center 200, wherein the data center 200 includes a power supply subsystem 201 and a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. The deep coupling system in this embodiment mainly includes two aspects of coupling: the first aspect is coupling the CO2 energy storage subsystem 100 with the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200; the second aspect is coupling the CO2 energy storage subsystem 100 with the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 to supply cold air to the data center 200, thereby cooling and dissipating heat from the data center 200.

[0038] Specifically, see Figures 2 to 7The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 mainly includes a gas storage unit 101, an energy storage component 102, a liquid storage unit 103 and an energy release component 104, which are connected in a closed loop in sequence. Among them, the gas storage unit 101 is used to store gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure, and the liquid storage unit 103 is used to store liquid carbon dioxide. The gaseous carbon dioxide flowing out of the gas storage unit 101 is converted into liquid carbon dioxide with a preset energy storage pressure through the energy storage component 102, and flows into the liquid storage unit 103, completing energy storage in the process. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 releases energy through the energy release component 104 and is converted into gaseous carbon dioxide at normal pressure, and flows into the gas storage unit 101, completing energy release and application in the process. Typically, the energy storage component 102 compresses and liquefies gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and stores it in the liquid storage unit 103 during off-peak hours or when wind and solar power is wasted, converting the energy into compression energy and thermal energy for storage; during peak hours, the energy release component 104 vaporizes and expands the liquid carbon dioxide to generate electricity, releasing the stored energy and converting it into electricity for use.

[0039] Among them, the specific composition structures of the gas storage unit 101, the energy storage assembly 102, the liquid storage unit 103 and the energy release assembly 104 can be realized by referring to existing technologies, such as the technical solutions disclosed in existing patent documents CN116221616A, CN117628836A, and CN116857027A.

[0040] In the first aspect of this embodiment, see Figure 1 The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is combined with the new energy generation subsystem 300 as a power supply and coupled to the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200 .

[0041] The new energy power generation subsystem 300 is connected to the power supply subsystem 201 and the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100, respectively, and the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is connected to the power supply subsystem 201. Part of the electricity generated by the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is directly transmitted to the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200, and the other part is transmitted to the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 for energy storage. During periods when the power generation of the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is abundant, the new energy power generation subsystem 300 supplies power to the data center 200; during peak power consumption periods or periods when the power generation fluctuations of the new energy power generation subsystem 300 are reduced, the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 releases energy to generate electricity and supplies power to the data center 200.

[0042] The data center is powered by a combination of carbon dioxide energy storage and new energy power generation, with new energy power generation as the main power source. This not only provides the data center with 24-hour stable and uninterrupted power, but also utilizes green energy, saves the operating costs of the data center, and improves environmental benefits. The new energy power generation subsystem 300 is photovoltaic power generation or wind power generation. Taking photovoltaic power generation as an example, during the day when photovoltaic power generation is high, photovoltaic power generation supplies power to the data center 200 and provides power for the energy storage operation of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 to complete the storage of electrical energy; when the photovoltaic power generation decreases at night, the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 releases energy to generate electricity and provides power to the data center 200. Thus, the system can provide uninterrupted and stable power to the data center.

[0043] Furthermore, the power supply subsystem 201 is also connected to a diesel generator 400 as a backup power source.

[0044] In the second aspect of this embodiment, see Figure 1 The CO2 energy storage subsystem 100 is also coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in the data center 200 to provide cooling to the data center 200. Specifically, the working fluid circulation loop of the CO2 energy storage subsystem 100 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and CO2 working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat in the data center 200.

[0045] Among them, see Figures 2 to 7 The working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 can be coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in accordance with at least one of the following coupling methods (I) to (IV).

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the coupling mode (I) is as follows: a first throttling mechanism 11 and a gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 are sequentially provided on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage assembly 102 and the liquid storage unit 103. The liquid phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is connected to the liquid storage unit 103, and the gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is connected to the first cooling pipeline 10a coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. The gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is used as a cooling medium and input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. After cooling and dissipating the data center 200, the gaseous carbon dioxide is returned to the gas storage unit 101 or the energy release assembly 104. The first throttling mechanism 11 is, for example, a throttle valve.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, coupling mode (II) is as follows: a second cooling pipeline 10b is provided at the outlet of the energy storage assembly 102 and coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. A second throttling mechanism 13 is provided on the second cooling pipeline 10b. The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage assembly 102 is throttled and cooled, and then used as a cooling medium to be input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. After cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200, the gas is returned to the gas storage unit 101. The second throttling mechanism 13 is, for example, a throttle valve.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the coupling mode (III) is: the connecting pipeline between the energy release component 104 and the gas storage unit 101 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component 104 is used as a cooling medium and input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and after cooling the data center 200, it is returned to the gas storage unit 101.

[0049] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the coupling mode (IV) is: the connecting pipe between the liquid storage unit 103 and the energy release component 104 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is used as a cooling medium and input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and then returns to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200.

[0050] By using any of the above coupling methods (I) to (IV), the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and carbon dioxide is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200. Compared with the existing use of air as the cooling medium for the data center 200, the use of carbon dioxide as the cooling medium has higher heat transfer efficiency. Specifically, a comparison of the heat transfer performance of CO2 and air under normal temperature and pressure conditions shows that the thermal conductivity of air at normal temperature and pressure is 0.0165 W / m·K, while the thermal conductivity of CO2 is 0.0262 W / m·K. CO2 has a higher thermal conductivity, and CO2 has a higher volumetric heat capacity and a lower relative pressure parameter (Pr). This results in faster boundary layer heat diffusion and higher heat transfer efficiency, thereby improving the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency of the data center 200.

[0051] In the scheme based on the coupling mode (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output by the energy storage component 102 is throttled and cooled by the first throttling mechanism 11 to form a gas-liquid two-phase, and the gaseous carbon dioxide separated by the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 has a lower temperature, which can improve the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency of the data center 200.

[0052] In the solution based on the coupling mode (II), the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage component 102 is throttled and cooled and used as a cooling medium. The gaseous carbon dioxide also has a relatively high pressure and can quickly cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200, thereby improving efficiency.

[0053] In the prior art carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100, the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit 101 is set to a first temperature (typically above 20°C). If the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit 101 is lower than the first temperature, a preheating device is required on the connecting pipeline between the gas storage unit 101 and the energy storage assembly 102 to preheat the carbon dioxide output from the gas storage unit 101 before inputting it into the energy storage assembly 102 for compressed energy storage. Therefore, to avoid the need for additional preheating equipment, during the energy release phase, the energy release assembly 104 is typically required to control the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at its outlet to be above the first temperature. In the solution of this embodiment, when the working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in the coupling mode (III), the energy release component 104 can be controlled to reduce the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet to below the second temperature to improve the energy release efficiency. The gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component 104 is heated by heat exchange in the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 to above the first temperature, and then returned to the gas storage unit 101, wherein the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.

[0054] In the scheme based on coupling mode (III), on the one hand, by reducing the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet of the energy release component 104, the temperature difference between the carbon dioxide working medium at the inlet and outlet is increased, thereby improving energy release efficiency. On the other hand, the low temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet of the energy release component 104 allows it to serve as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat from the data center 200, thereby improving the cooling and dissipation efficiency of the data center 200. Furthermore, the relatively low temperature gaseous carbon dioxide output from the outlet of the energy release component 104, after heat exchange and heating by the cooling and dissipation subsystem 202, can meet the storage temperature requirements of the gas storage unit 101. During the energy storage phase, no additional preheating equipment is required, thereby achieving comprehensive utilization of the heat in the data center 200 and improving the comprehensive energy utilization rate. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the coupling mode of the working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 and the cooling and dissipation subsystem 202 includes at least coupling mode (III), and the energy release component 104 is controlled to reduce the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet to below the second temperature to improve energy release efficiency.

[0055] In the scheme based on the coupling mode (IV), liquid carbon dioxide is drawn out from the liquid storage unit 103 as a cooling medium. The liquid carbon dioxide has a lower temperature and can improve the cooling and heat dissipation efficiency of the data center 200. In addition, the liquid carbon dioxide absorbs the heat of the data center 200, heats up and evaporates, and then is input into the energy release component 104, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of the heat of the data center 200 and improving the comprehensive energy utilization rate.

[0056] When the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in the coupling mode (IV), as a preferred solution, Figure 5 As shown, the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit 103 and the energy release component 104 includes a first connecting pipeline 10c and a second connecting pipeline 10d. One end of the first connecting pipeline 10c is connected to the liquid storage unit 103, and the other end is connected to the energy release component 104, for directly inputting the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 103 into the energy release component 104 for expansion and energy release. The second connecting pipeline 10d is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and a first buffer tank 14 and a third throttling mechanism 15 are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipeline 10d between the liquid storage unit 103 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is input to the first buffer tank 14, and then throttled and depressurized by the third throttling mechanism 15 and input to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202, and then returned to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200. In another optional case, as Figure 6 As shown, the liquid storage unit 103 is directly coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipe 10c. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipe 10c, and is returned to the energy release component 104 after cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 by combining at least one of the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (II) and at least one of the coupling mode (III) and the coupling mode (IV). When the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is in the energy storage mode, the carbon dioxide working medium drawn by the coupling mode (I) and / or the coupling mode (II) serves as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200; when the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is in the energy release mode, the carbon dioxide working medium drawn by the coupling mode (III) and / or the coupling mode (IV) serves as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200. It should be noted that when the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in only one of the coupling modes (I) to (IV), when the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is in certain working conditions and cannot draw out carbon dioxide working medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200, traditional cooling equipment can be used to assist in cooling and dissipating heat for the data center 200.

[0058] As an illustrative case, Figure 6 As shown, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 by combining the coupling method (I) and the coupling method (IV). Specifically, in the coupling method (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 is used as the cooling medium and input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first cooling pipeline 10a. After cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200, the gaseous carbon dioxide is returned to the energy release component 104. In the coupling method (IV), the liquid storage unit 103 is directly coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipeline 10c. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit 103 is input into the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 through the first connecting pipeline 10c. After cooling and dissipating the heat of the data center 200, the gaseous carbon dioxide is returned to the energy release component 104. A first valve 16 is provided on the first cooling pipeline 10a between the gas-liquid separation mechanism 12 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 , and a second valve 17 is provided on the first connecting pipeline 10c between the liquid storage unit 103 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 .

[0059] As an illustrative case, Figure 7 As shown, the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in combination with the coupling modes (I) to (IV), and carbon dioxide working medium is drawn out from four different positions of the working medium circulation loop to cool and dissipate heat for the data center 200.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 includes a cooling circulation pipeline. The carbon dioxide working medium drawn from the working medium circulation loop cools and dissipates heat from the data center 200 in a direct cooling manner or an indirect cooling manner. In the direct cooling manner, the carbon dioxide working medium is injected into the cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly exchanges heat with the heat-generating equipment in the data center 200 through the cooling circulation pipeline. In the indirect cooling manner, the cooling circulation pipeline is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger and flows through an intermediate heat exchange medium. The carbon dioxide working medium exchanges heat with the intermediate heat exchange medium in the intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate heat exchange medium then exchanges heat with the heat-generating equipment in the data center 200 through the cooling circulation pipeline.

[0061] It should be noted that when the working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 in two or more different coupling modes, different cooling circulation pipelines are set in the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 or the same cooling circulation pipeline is shared according to actual needs.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] This embodiment provides a deep coupling system for data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage. Compared with embodiment 1, the coupling method of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 and the power supply subsystem 201 in this embodiment is different. Figure 8 Based on Example 1, the deep coupling system in this embodiment also includes a mains power grid 500. The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is combined with the new energy power generation subsystem 300 and the mains power grid 500 as a power supply and coupled to the power supply subsystem 201 to supply power to the data center 200.

[0064] like Figure 8 As shown, the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is connected to the mains power grid 500 and the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 respectively. The electricity generated by the new energy power generation subsystem 300 is mainly transmitted to the mains power grid 500 for access to the grid. When power is abandoned, the abandoned electricity is transmitted to the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 for energy storage. The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is connected to the mains power grid 500, and after grid scheduling, it stores energy during the off-peak period and releases energy during the peak period. The mains power grid 500 is connected to the power supply subsystem 201, and the mains power grid 500 supplies power to the data center 200.

[0065] In this embodiment, the data center is powered by combining carbon dioxide energy storage with renewable energy power generation and the mains power grid. The carbon dioxide energy storage system is used to store energy during periods of high renewable energy generation or during periods of low electricity prices, and to release energy during periods of peak electricity prices. This provides the data center with stable and uninterrupted power, balances the energy supply and demand of the data center, optimizes the energy allocation of the data center, and solves the problems of high power supply and energy costs in the data center.

[0066] In this embodiment, the manner in which the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem 202 of the data center 200 are coupled to each other can refer to that in Embodiment 1, and thus will not be described in detail.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] This embodiment provides a deep coupling system for data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage. Based on embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, the deep coupling system of this embodiment further includes coupling the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 with the data center 200 in a third aspect. Figure 9 ( Figure 9 What is shown is further coupled on the basis of Example 1), the data center 200 is further provided with a fire protection subsystem 203, and the working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is also coupled to the fire protection subsystem 203, with the carbon dioxide working fluid in the working fluid circulation loop being used as the fire extinguishing agent of the fire protection subsystem 203.

[0069] Specifically, the working medium circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 can be coupled to the fire protection subsystem 203 in accordance with at least one of the following coupling modes (V) to (VI).

[0070] like Figure 10 As shown, coupling mode (V) is as follows: a first firefighting pipeline 20a is connected from the gas storage unit 101 and coupled to the firefighting subsystem 203. The gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit 101 is used as the fire extinguishing agent of the firefighting subsystem 203. A third valve 21 is provided on the first firefighting pipeline 20a. Furthermore, a drive fan 22 and an air pressure sensor 23 are also provided on the first firefighting pipeline 20a.

[0071] In coupling mode (V), when the data center 200 detects a fire alarm signal, the fire extinguishing process is initiated. The third valve 21 opens, the drive fan 22 starts, and the carbon dioxide in the gas storage unit 101 is transported as a fire extinguishing agent to the fire fighting subsystem 203. The carbon dioxide reaches the fire scene in the data center 200 and is sprayed according to the set spray intensity and duration. This can be done by directly spraying the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent at the designed intensity into the protected area, filling it evenly, or spraying the carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent at the designed intensity onto the protected object for a specified duration to extinguish the fire. The data center 200 utilizes a monitoring system to monitor the fire extinguishing effect to ensure that the fire is effectively controlled. The air pressure sensor 23 is used to monitor the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas being delivered to the fire fighting subsystem 203.

[0072] like Figure 10 As shown, coupling mode (VI) is as follows: a second firefighting line 20b is connected from the liquid storage unit 103 and coupled to the firefighting subsystem 203. Liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit 103 is used as the fire extinguishing agent of the firefighting subsystem 203. A fourth valve 24 is provided on the second firefighting line 20b. Furthermore, in coupling mode (VI), a second buffer tank 25 is provided on the second firefighting line 20b between the liquid storage unit 103 and the fourth valve 24.

[0073] In coupling mode (V), when the data center 200 detects a fire alarm signal, the fire extinguishing process is initiated. The inlet valve of the second buffer tank 25 opens, and the fourth valve 24 opens. Liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 103 enters the second buffer tank 25. From the second buffer tank 25, it is input into the fire protection subsystem 203 and reaches the fire scene in the data center 200. As the carbon dioxide pressure drops, the carbon dioxide gas cools down and quickly absorbs heat from the fire, cooling the burning objects. The carbon dioxide gas in the second buffer tank 25 is then released and distributed around the burning objects, reducing the oxygen content in the ambient air, stopping combustion, and extinguishing the fire.

[0074] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem 100 is coupled to the fire protection subsystem 203 of the data center 200, and the carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as the fire extinguishing agent of the fire protection subsystem 203. As a result, an efficient and environmentally friendly fire protection solution is constructed for the data center 200. When a fire is detected in the data center 200, the solution can achieve rapid and efficient fire extinguishing, thereby improving the safety of the data center, reducing the investment in the data center fire extinguishing system cost, and saving costs.

[0075] In summary, the deep coupling system of data center energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage provided by the above embodiments of the present invention, on the one hand, combines the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem with the new energy power generation subsystem and / or the mains power grid as a power supply to supply power to the data center, utilizes the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem to store energy during the period of excess new energy power generation or the period of low electricity price and releases energy during the period of peak electricity price, provides stable and uninterrupted power for the data center, balances the energy supply and demand of the data center, optimizes the energy allocation of the data center, and solves the problem of high power supply and energy cost of the data center; on the other hand, carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center, reducing the cooling energy consumption of the data center and the cost investment of the cooling system equipment, and can also recycle the waste heat generated by the data center into the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization rate of the system energy. In a further solution, carbon dioxide working fluid is also drawn from the circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem as a fire extinguishing agent for the fire protection subsystem of the data center, building an efficient and environmentally friendly fire protection solution for the data center, improving the safety of the data center, reducing the investment in the cost of the data center fire extinguishing system, and saving costs.

[0076] The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A deep coupling system of energy cooling and carbon dioxide energy storage for data centers, characterized in that: It includes a data center and a carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem, wherein the data center includes a power supply subsystem and a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem; The carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is combined with the new energy power generation subsystem and / or the mains power grid as a power supply and is coupled to the power supply subsystem to supply power to the data center; The working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and carbon dioxide working fluid is drawn from the working fluid circulation loop as a cooling medium to cool and dissipate heat for the data center; The working fluid circulation loop includes a gas storage unit, an energy storage component, a liquid storage unit, and an energy release component that are sequentially connected in a closed loop. The working fluid circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in accordance with the following coupling method (I) and coupling method (III): Coupling mode (I): A first throttling mechanism and a gas-liquid separation mechanism are sequentially provided on the connecting pipeline between the energy storage component and the liquid storage unit, the liquid phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the gas phase output end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism is connected to a first cooling pipeline coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. The gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then returned to the gas storage unit or the energy release component; Coupling mode (III): The connecting pipeline between the energy release component and the gas storage unit is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the gas storage unit; In which, the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is a first temperature, and the energy release component is controlled to lower the temperature of the gaseous carbon dioxide at the outlet end to below a second temperature to improve the energy release efficiency; the second temperature is lower than the first temperature, and the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the energy release component is heated by heat exchange in the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem to above the first temperature, and then returned to the gas storage unit.

2. The deep coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that The working medium circulation loop is further coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem in accordance with the following coupling mode (II) and / or coupling mode (IV) in combination with the coupling mode (I) and the coupling mode (III): Coupling mode (II): A second cooling pipeline is provided at the outlet end of the energy storage component and coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. A second throttling mechanism is provided on the second cooling pipeline to throttle and cool the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide drawn from the energy storage component and then used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return it to the gas storage unit; Coupling mode (IV): The connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component.

3. The deep coupling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the coupling mode (IV), the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the energy release component includes a first connecting pipeline and a second connecting pipeline; one end of the first connecting pipeline is connected to the liquid storage unit, and the other end is connected to the energy release component; the second connecting pipeline is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a first buffer tank and a third throttling mechanism are sequentially arranged on the second connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem. The liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid storage unit is input to the first buffer tank, and then throttled and reduced in pressure by the third throttling mechanism and input to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and then returned to the energy release component after cooling and dissipating the heat for the data center.

4. The deep coupling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The working medium circulation loop is coupled to the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem by combining the coupling mode (I), the coupling mode (III) and the coupling mode (IV); Wherein, in the coupling mode (I), the gaseous carbon dioxide output from the gas-liquid separation mechanism is used as a cooling medium to cool the data center and then return to the energy release component; Wherein, a first valve is provided on the first cooling pipeline between the gas-liquid separation mechanism and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, and a second valve is provided on the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the cooling and heat dissipation subsystem.

5. The deep coupling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling and heat dissipation subsystem includes a cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working fluid drawn from the working fluid circulation loop cools and dissipates the heat of the data center in a direct cooling manner or an indirect cooling manner; Among them, in the direct cooling method, the carbon dioxide working medium is injected into the cooling circulation pipeline, and the carbon dioxide working medium directly exchanges heat with the heating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline; in the indirect cooling method, the cooling circulation pipeline is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger and an intermediate heat exchange medium flows through it, the carbon dioxide working medium exchanges heat with the intermediate heat exchange medium in the intermediate heat exchanger, and then the intermediate heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the heating equipment in the data center through the cooling circulation pipeline.

6. The deep coupling system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The data center is also provided with a fire protection subsystem. The working fluid circulation loop of the carbon dioxide energy storage subsystem is also coupled to the fire protection subsystem, and the carbon dioxide working fluid in the working fluid circulation loop is used as a fire extinguishing agent for the fire protection subsystem.

7. The deep coupling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The working medium circulation loop is coupled to the fire protection subsystem in at least one of the following coupling modes (V) to (VI): Coupling mode (V): A first fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the gas storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the gaseous carbon dioxide stored in the gas storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem fire extinguishing agent, and a third valve is provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline; Coupling mode (VI): A second fire-fighting pipeline is connected from the liquid storage unit and coupled to the fire-fighting subsystem, and the liquid carbon dioxide stored in the liquid storage unit is used as the fire-fighting subsystem fire-fighting agent, and a fourth valve is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline.

8. The deep coupling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the coupling mode (V), a driving fan and an air pressure sensor are further provided on the first fire-fighting pipeline.

9. The deep coupling system according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the coupling mode (VI), a second buffer tank is provided on the second fire-fighting pipeline between the liquid storage unit and the fourth valve.

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