High-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy taking circuit and device of magnetoelectric transducer

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency low-power-consumption large-voltage-range energy taking circuit and device for a magnetoelectric transducer, and the circuit comprises a magnetoelectric transducer output equivalent circuit which is used for simulating the output characteristics of the magnetoelectric transducer; the variable-frequency matching impedance conversion circuit is used for performing conjugate matching on the magnetoelectric transducer of which the impedance difference is greater than a preset threshold value and the energy storage element; the energy storage element is used for storing weak energy; the voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit is used for instantaneously outputting the energy stored for a long time at high power; according to the self-powered control circuit, a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network is adopted to supply power from the magnetoelectric transducer, so that the voltage output by the magnetoelectric transducer to the control circuit is only maintained at a preset value near a peak point and is rapidly attenuated at other moments, and energy consumption is reduced. The circuit has the advantages of high efficiency, low power consumption, no cold start and intermittent driving of a large load, and can be used for energy collection and management in the fields of low-power-consumption self-powered sensor networks, the Internet of Things, intelligent power grids and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of self-powered sensing technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large-voltage-range energy-taking circuit and device for a magnetoelectric transducer. Background Art

[0002] Magnetoelectric transducers are used in the field of high-sensitivity magnetic field detection due to their high magneto-mechanical-electric conversion efficiency. In particular, they show great advantages in network topology and fault diagnosis of power systems. When using their high-resolution sensing, they can also be used to achieve higher energy conversion and realize self-powered sensing and monitoring of power lines. Obviously, using magnetoelectric transducers to efficiently obtain more energy is the key to realizing self-powered sensors. To this end, energy-collecting circuits that can capture the magnetic energy around the power line through magnetoelectric transducers and convert it into electrical energy with high efficiency and low power consumption are of great significance for the long-term, maintenance-free operation of self-powered sensors and monitoring systems.

[0003] The magnetoelectric transducer can be equivalent to a voltage source with capacitive internal resistance. It is very difficult to overcome the reactive power of the internal capacitor. The energy extraction circuit can only obtain the maximum power output if it matches the conjugate impedance of the magnetoelectric transducer. Currently, the widely used energy extraction circuits mainly include three categories: the first category is a standard circuit that converts AC signals into DC through full-bridge rectification. Since there is no inductive element to achieve matching, the conversion efficiency is very low. The second category is the combination of switches and inductive elements. At this time, there is circuit resonance, but there is no conjugate impedance matching, and the efficiency still needs to be improved. The third category is the maximum power point circuit (MPPT). Due to the large power consumption of the control module (usually above the milliwatt level), it is difficult to apply it to energy collection and self-powered systems with small currents (about 1-5A) on power lines. For this reason, a low-power, conjugate impedance matching energy extraction circuit is required to efficiently maximize the output of the internal energy of the magnetoelectric transducer to power sensors and other electronic components.

[0004] At present, the operating frequency of AC power lines is 50Hz, and the internal capacitance of magnetoelectric transducers is relatively small (1-10nF). To achieve impedance matching, the inductance of the energy extraction circuit reaches 1000-10000H. Directly increasing the inductance is not only bulky, but also the distributed capacitance far exceeds the internal capacitance of the magnetoelectric transducer, and it is impossible to achieve efficient output. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the operating frequency in order to reduce the inductance value and achieve conjugate impedance matching. The control circuit of the conventional energy extraction circuit consumes a large amount of power, which means that the operating threshold of the energy extraction circuit is relatively high. For energy extraction from conventional low-current power lines, the high power consumption of the control circuit makes the energy extraction efficiency low, and the starting power threshold is also very large, which also limits its application. For this reason, there is an urgent need for ultra-low power consumption (below 10μW) and high-efficiency (above 80%) magnetoelectric self-powered energy extraction circuits to extract magnetic field energy around power lines in a low-current environment and power the power line sensing, detection and monitoring systems.

[0005] Patent application document CN104578786A discloses an AC-DC mutual conversion circuit for self-conversion of magnetic energy into electric energy, the main structure of which includes an output circuit, a rectifier, a frequency converter, an input circuit, and an input multi-output transformer. After the magnetic energy motor generates electric energy in the back coil, the AC is input into the frequency converter to make the frequency of the current compound with the motor frequency, and then the voltage is adjusted to the rated voltage through the multi-output transformer, and then input into the rectifier, a part of which is input into the circuit to power the motor, and a part of which is output to the electrical appliance. However, this patent cannot completely solve the existing technical problems, nor can it meet the needs of the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy acquisition circuit and device for a magnetoelectric transducer.

[0007] The high-efficiency, low-power consumption and large-voltage-range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer provided by the present invention comprises:

[0008] The output equivalent circuit of magnetoelectric transducer is used to simulate the output characteristics of magnetoelectric transducer;

[0009] A variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit is used to conjugate match a magnetoelectric transducer with an impedance difference greater than a preset threshold with an energy storage element;

[0010] Energy storage element, used to store weak energy;

[0011] With voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit, it is used to output long-term stored energy at high power instantly;

[0012] The self-powered control circuit adopts a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network for power supply, so that the voltage output from the magnetoelectric transducer to the control circuit only maintains the preset value near the peak point, and decays rapidly at other times, reducing energy consumption;

[0013] The magnetoelectric transducer is connected to a variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit and a self-powered control circuit; the variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit is connected to an energy storage element; the energy storage element is connected to a voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit; and the self-powered control circuit is connected to a voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit.

[0014] Preferably, the variable frequency matching impedance transformation circuit includes a variable frequency matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance transformation circuit; the variable frequency matching circuit is connected to the magnetoelectric transducer output equivalent circuit and the multi-stage impedance transformation circuit, and the multi-stage impedance transformation circuit is connected to the energy storage element; so that the small internal capacitance of the magnetoelectric transducer and the large energy storage supercapacitor are conjugate matched.

[0015] Preferably, the self-powered control circuit comprises a high impedance circuit, a peak point circuit, a differential circuit, a delay circuit and a threshold control circuit connected in sequence;

[0016] The high impedance circuit is connected to the output equivalent circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer, the differential circuit is connected to the frequency conversion matching circuit, the delay circuit is connected to the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, and the threshold control circuit is connected to the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit;

[0017] The high impedance circuit is used to output the magnetoelectric transducer to provide a low power consumption power supply for the self-powered control circuit;

[0018] The peak point circuit is used to determine the exact moment of the peak;

[0019] The differential circuit is used to output pulses and provide them to the frequency conversion matching circuit;

[0020] The delay circuit is used to provide a control signal for the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit;

[0021] The threshold control circuit is used to generate a gating signal according to the output voltage of the energy storage element, control the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit to perform DC-DC conversion, and provide power output for the load.

[0022] Preferably, the magnetoelectric transducer includes a capacitor and a voltage source, which are connected in series with an inductor and a switch. By turning the switch on and off, the low-frequency signal is tuned to the resonant frequency of the capacitor and the inductor to achieve variable frequency matching.

[0023] Preferably, the inductor is replaced by a transformer to perform impedance transformation; a full-bridge rectifier is added to the input end of the transformer and the switch, and after frequency conversion matching, the energy is temporarily stored in the capacitor through the diode. When the voltage of the capacitor reaches the maximum, the narrow pulse signal controls the switch to turn on, and the capacitor energy is converted to the energy storage supercapacitor through the transformer and the rectifier diode.

[0024] Preferably, the resistor and capacitor are connected to form an integration circuit; the resistor, capacitor and voltage regulator are connected in sequence to form a reference circuit; the output voltage of the integration circuit and the reference voltage form a delay circuit through a comparator to generate a delay pulse to control the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit.

[0025] Preferably, the voltage on the energy storage element and the reference voltage form a threshold circuit through a comparator. When the voltage on the energy storage element is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a high level voltage; when the voltage on the energy storage element is higher than the reference voltage, the comparator outputs a low level voltage, starting the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit.

[0026] Preferably, the comparator adopts an open-circuit output with a pull-up resistor.

[0027] Preferably, the output of the threshold circuit is connected to the external control through a resistor. When the voltage output by the threshold circuit of the automatic control end is low, the voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit works, so that the voltage on the energy storage element outputs a stable voltage through the DC-DC conversion circuit; even if the voltage on the energy storage element does not reach the threshold, as long as the external control is at a low level, the DC-DC conversion circuit is still turned on.

[0028] The high-efficiency, low-power consumption and large-voltage-range energy-harvesting device of the magnetoelectric transducer provided by the present invention comprises the high-efficiency, low-power consumption and large-voltage-range energy-harvesting circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The circuit of the present invention adopts a high-efficiency frequency conversion conjugate impedance matching working mode to convert 50Hz power frequency energy into high-frequency energy, thereby greatly reducing the volume of the matching inductor. At the same time, through the transformer impedance transformation, the conjugate impedance matching of the magnetoelectric transducer and the energy extraction circuit is achieved, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency;

[0031] (2) The circuit of the present invention can obtain all the energy by outputting energy only in a very short time range at the maximum output voltage point of the magnetoelectric transducer according to the energy conversion characteristics of the magnetoelectric transducer. The control circuit only needs to work at the ultra-short peak point moment, which greatly reduces the power consumption of the circuit and greatly reduces the circuit threshold.

[0032] (3) The circuit of the present invention adopts an ultra-low power consumption and high-efficiency energy conversion method, avoiding the shortcomings of high power consumption and low efficiency of traditional energy-harvesting circuits. It can be integrated into a small, monolithic, low-power energy-harvesting integrated circuit and applied to many fields such as ultra-low power self-powered sensor networks, the Internet of Things, and smart grids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 It is an overall block diagram of the high-efficiency, low-power consumption and large voltage range energy acquisition circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a typical frequency conversion matching circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a frequency conversion matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a peak point circuit, a differential circuit and a delay circuit in a control circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A threshold circuit schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a transient discharge circuit with voltage stabilization provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] The present invention utilizes a variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit composed of a variable frequency matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit to conjugately match a magnetoelectric transducer with a very large impedance difference with an energy storage element, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency from the magnetoelectric transducer to the energy storage element; the variable frequency matching circuit generates a pulse signal V generated by a self-powered control circuit. C The intermittent on-off control of the electronic switch and the inductor tuning matching can convert the low-frequency magnetoelectric signal (such as 50Hz) into a higher-frequency signal; the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit can reduce the loss caused by the large difference between the capacitance in the signal source and the load capacitance; the control circuit is powered by self-power, and the energy comes from the magnetoelectric transducer. In order to reduce the power loss caused by the control circuit, the control circuit uses a high-impedance resistor and capacitor series-parallel network for power supply, so that the voltage output from the magnetoelectric transducer to the control circuit only maintains the preset value near the peak point, and decays rapidly at other times, reducing the loss of the entire control circuit; since the energy of the magnetoelectric transducer is transmitted through the internal capacitor C P When the output open circuit voltage is at its highest point, the power is at its maximum. It is only necessary to efficiently output the energy at this point. At other times, the energy of the magnetoelectric transducer will be gradually converted to the capacitor C. P Energy storage, maintain the next output energy, control voltage V CIt is a narrow pulse signal at the maximum point of the output voltage of the magnetoelectric transducer, and the duty cycle is usually less than 1%; the peak point circuit determines the position of the maximum point of the output voltage of the magnetoelectric transducer; the differential circuit outputs a very narrow pulse signal at this point to ensure efficient magnetoelectric transducer energy output; the delay circuit is to efficiently convert the energy of the intermediate capacitor in the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit to the energy storage element; the energy storage element can be a supercapacitor or a rechargeable battery. Considering the number of repeated charging times of the energy source and the possibility that the input signal is very weak, a supercapacitor with a larger capacitance is selected to store weak energy; in order to provide weak energy to electronic equipment, it takes a long time to store energy in the energy storage element, and the energy is supplied with instantaneous high-power intermittent output. The voltage on the energy storage element is monitored by the threshold control circuit. When the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, the threshold control circuit automatically controls the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit to work, and efficiently outputs a fixed voltage to drive high-power loads to work; for some special requirements, it can also be controlled externally by V h The principle block diagram of the power line high efficiency, low power consumption and large voltage range energy extraction circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer is as follows Figure 1 shown.

[0043] This energy extraction method uses frequency conversion matching and multi-stage impedance transformation to achieve conjugate matching between the small internal capacitance of the magnetoelectric transducer and the large energy storage supercapacitor, and the efficiency of output to the large energy storage supercapacitor is higher than that of the traditional energy extraction circuit. The control circuit uses very narrow pulses, which can not only efficiently control the frequency conversion matching, but also greatly reduce the power consumption of the control circuit and reduce the startup threshold of the entire circuit. A high-impedance resistor and capacitor series-parallel network is used to power the control circuit, so that the control circuit has a strong driving ability only near the peak value, reducing power consumption and improving efficiency, and the circuit does not need cold start. For weak magnetoelectric transducer signals, the electric energy is released instantly through long-term energy storage, which greatly improves the instantaneous output power, so that weak magnetoelectric energy can also drive a large current load. Due to the high efficiency, low power consumption, no cold start, and intermittent drive of larger loads, the circuit can be used for energy collection and management in many fields such as low-power self-powered sensor networks, the Internet of Things, and smart grids.

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0045] The invention discloses a high-efficiency, low-power and large-voltage-range energy-taking circuit for magnetoelectric transducers. The energy-taking circuit comprises a frequency conversion matching circuit, a multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, an energy storage element and a voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit connected to the magnetoelectric transducer. Due to the huge difference between the capacitance inside the magnetoelectric transducer and the capacitance of the energy storage element (usually 10 -8 ~10 -9), the usual matching circuit cannot achieve conjugate matching, so the narrow pulse controlled frequency conversion matching and multi-stage impedance conversion circuit are adopted to achieve high efficiency and low power consumption energy conversion, and the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit improves the driving ability of the energy-taking circuit through long-term energy storage and instantaneous high power output;

[0046] Through a high impedance resistor and capacitor series-parallel network, the output of the magnetoelectric transducer is used to provide a low-power power supply for the self-powered control circuit. The power supply is also an AC signal. It only needs to work near the maximum voltage point to make the control circuit generate a peak narrow pulse, thereby reducing power consumption. The peak point circuit determines the exact moment of the peak, and the differential circuit outputs a very narrow pulse V C , provided to the frequency conversion matching circuit, and the delay circuit provides the control signal V for the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit D The threshold control circuit generates a selection signal according to the output voltage of the energy storage element, controls the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit to perform DC-DC conversion, and provides high-efficiency and high-power power output for the load. Since the control circuit only works near the peak point, the power consumption is extremely low, and no cold start is required, which greatly improves the efficiency of the energy-taking circuit and reduces the starting threshold.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] exist Figure 1 In order to maximize the energy extraction of the magnetoelectric transducer in the energy extraction circuit, a matching circuit needs to be connected. Since the magnetoelectric transducer is placed near the power line and the operating frequency is 50Hz, direct matching requires the connection of an inductor of nearly 10,000 henries. Obviously, the distributed capacitance brought by the inductor of nearly 10,000 henries is much larger than the capacitance inside the magnetoelectric transducer, resulting in huge losses. To this end, the matching frequency must be increased (such as above 1kHz) and the matching inductance value must be reduced to improve the energy conversion efficiency. A typical variable frequency matching circuit is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Through the switch K 1 Turn on and off, tune the low frequency signal to C P and L 1 At the resonant frequency, frequency conversion matching is achieved. P The difference with energy storage components is too great. Figure 2 Even if the inductor is replaced by a transformer, it is difficult to meet the impedance transformation with such a large difference. Therefore, the frequency conversion matching circuit is combined with the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, such as Figure 3 As shown. Figure 2 The difference is that the inductor L 1 With transformer T 1 Replace, perform the first impedance transformation, and add full-bridge rectification to make the control circuit simpler. After the first stage frequency conversion matching, the energy passes through the diode D 5 Temporarily stored in capacitor C 1 When the capacitor C 1The voltage reaches the maximum, the narrow pulse signal V D Control switch K 2 conduction, through the transformer T 2 and rectifier diode D 6 The capacitor C 1 Energy conversion to energy storage supercapacitor C st Because of the addition of the intermediate capacitor C 1 , the original C P and C st Large capacitance differences (such as C P =1nF, C st =0.1F, difference 10 -8 ), respectively become C P and C 1 (For example, C P =1nF, C 1 =10μF, difference 10 -4 ), C 1 and C st (For example, C 1 =10μF, C st =0.1F, difference 10 -4 ) The matching of the two sets of capacitors can achieve efficient impedance matching due to the reduced impedance difference and the use of a transformer for impedance transformation. Of course, if the difference between the capacitance in the magnetoelectric transducer and the energy storage element is larger, an additional impedance transformation circuit can be added to reduce the loss caused by the large capacitance difference during impedance matching.

[0049] The power supply of the control circuit comes from the magnetoelectric transducer. Figure 3 Since a full-bridge rectifier circuit is used, only the full-bridge output V RECT Supply the control circuit to avoid further rectification of the AC signal. In order to reduce the power consumption of the control circuit, it is necessary to increase the voltage divider impedance. However, too small a current is not enough to make the comparator work. Therefore, a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network is designed, such as Figure 4 As shown. Due to the capacitor C 3 , so that there is a certain driving capability at the peak point, but the overall power consumption has not increased. The entire circuit is reasonably designed with input voltage V RECT and output voltage V A The phase shift is zero, which greatly improves the impedance and the peak instantaneous driving capability. 3 It is the input impedance of the control circuit. Since the circuit has a very large impedance and can drive the control circuit with a very weak current, which is a capability that the resistor voltage divider does not have, it can meet a very large range of voltage changes and ensure that sufficient energy is provided to the control circuit without damaging the active devices of the control circuit.

[0050] Since the control circuit only works near the peak point, the power supply of the peak point circuit is an AC signal. 1 Output V B is the pulse signal at the peak point. V B The pulse signal passes through capacitor C 5 and resistor R 4 The constructed differential circuit outputs a very narrow pulse signal V C This signal enables the frequency conversion matching circuit to obtain efficient output, the peak point circuit and the differential circuit are as follows Figure 5 shown.

[0051] Resistor R 5 and capacitor C 6 The integration circuit is composed of resistor R 6 , capacitor C 7 And Zener tube D 8 The reference circuit is composed of the output voltage of the integration circuit and the reference voltage through the comparator U 2 A delay circuit is formed to generate a delayed pulse V D , control multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, such as Figure 5 As shown. Figure 3 Middle C 1 smaller, the voltage on it quickly increases from 0.04 to the maximum, so the pulse V D The delay time is very short, and its power supply is also a series-parallel network output voltage V A Supply. Since the control circuit only works near the peak point, this is why it can be used Figure 4 The high impedance circuit supplies weak power, which greatly reduces the total power consumption of the control circuit.

[0052] Threshold circuits such as Figure 6 As shown. Resistor R 7 , capacitor C 8 And Zener tube D 9 The reference circuit is composed of the voltage V Cst The reference voltage is compared with the 3 The threshold circuit is formed. Cst is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator output voltage V G is high level; when V Cst Higher than the reference voltage, the comparator output voltage V G is low level, starting the instantaneous discharge circuit. The comparator output voltage V G Automatically start the voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit. Considering that there is an external circuit to control the start of the voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit, the comparator U 3 Use open output with pull-up resistor R 8 way.

[0053] The instantaneous discharge circuit with voltage stabilization is composed of a DC-DC conversion circuit, such as Figure 7 As shown. The threshold circuit output V G With external control through resistor R 10 When the automatic control terminal V G The voltage is low, the instantaneous discharge circuit works, making the voltage V on the energy storage element Cst A stable voltage (such as 3.3V) is output through the DC-DC conversion circuit; even if the voltage on the energy storage element does not reach the threshold, the DC-DC conversion circuit is still turned on as long as the external control is at a low level.

[0054] The power line high-efficiency, low-power, and wide-voltage range energy-harvesting circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer uses a very narrow pulse control signal and a special resistor-capacitor series-parallel network, which reduces power consumption by more than two orders of magnitude compared to the usual circuit, and greatly reduces the starting power, ensuring energy harvesting in weak energy environments. Its operating voltage range is also increased several times, improving the circuit's adaptability to large changes in the power system energy harvesting environment.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Example 1 Figure 3 The same result can be obtained by replacing the multiple transformers with multiple tapped transformers. Since the input and output of the tapped transformer are not electrically isolated, although efficient energy conversion is also achieved, if a higher voltage appears on the magnetoelectric transducer, it will also affect the entire circuit, especially if the output ground may be directly connected to the magnetoelectric transducer, and the impact on the load must be considered.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Example 1 Figure 3 The multiple transformers in the circuit are replaced by piezoelectric transformers, which can also isolate the connection between the magnetoelectric transducer and the load like an isolation transformer, and the volume will be reduced. However, the energy conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric transformer is far less than that of the coil-wound transformer, so the energy conversion efficiency of the energy-harvesting circuit will decrease.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] Example 1 Figure 7 The DC-DC conversion circuit in the circuit is replaced by a low-dropout linear regulator (LDO), which can obtain an output with smaller harmonics. However, the voltage on the energy storage element must be higher than the output voltage. In addition, the efficiency of the low-dropout linear regulator is low, and the energy loss is large, which will cause a large amount of waste of collected energy, reduce the amount of energy obtained by the load, and reduce the energy conversion efficiency of the entire circuit.

[0061] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0062] Those skilled in the art know that, in addition to implementing the system, device and its various modules provided by the present invention in a purely computer-readable program code, it is entirely possible to implement the same program in the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers and embedded microcontrollers by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, the system, device and its various modules provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures within the hardware component; the modules for implementing various functions can also be considered as both software programs for implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0063] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency, low-power, large-voltage-range energy-taking circuit for a magnetoelectric transducer, characterized in that: include: The output equivalent circuit of magnetoelectric transducer is used to simulate the output characteristics of magnetoelectric transducer; A variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit is used to conjugate match a magnetoelectric transducer with an impedance difference greater than a preset threshold with an energy storage element; Energy storage element, used to store weak energy; With voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit for long-term energy storage and instantaneous high-power output; The self-powered control circuit adopts a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network for power supply, so that the voltage output from the magnetoelectric transducer to the control circuit only maintains a preset value near the peak point and decays rapidly at other times, thereby reducing the power consumption of the control circuit; The magnetoelectric transducer is connected to a variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit and a self-powered control circuit; the variable frequency matching impedance conversion circuit is connected to an energy storage element; the energy storage element is connected to a voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit; and the self-powered control circuit is connected to a voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit.

2. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable frequency matching impedance transformation circuit includes a variable frequency matching circuit and a multi-stage impedance transformation circuit; the variable frequency matching circuit is connected to the magnetoelectric transducer and the multi-stage impedance transformation circuit, and the multi-stage impedance transformation circuit is connected to the energy storage element; so that the small internal capacitance of the magnetoelectric transducer and the large energy storage super capacitor are conjugate matched.

3. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-powered control circuit comprises a high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network circuit, a peak point circuit, a differential circuit, a delay circuit and a threshold control circuit connected in sequence; The high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network circuit is connected to the magnetoelectric transducer, the differential circuit is connected to the frequency conversion matching circuit, the delay circuit is connected to the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit, and the threshold control circuit is connected to the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit; The high-impedance resistor-capacitor series-parallel network circuit is used to output the magnetoelectric transducer to provide a low-power power supply for the self-powered control circuit; The peak point circuit is used to determine the exact moment of the peak; The differential circuit is used to output pulses and provide them to the frequency conversion matching circuit; The delay circuit is used to provide a control signal for the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit; The threshold control circuit is used to generate a gating signal according to the output voltage of the energy storage element, control the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit to perform DC-DC conversion, and provide power output for the load.

4. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetoelectric transducer is equivalent to a capacitor and a voltage source, which is connected in series with the inductor and the switch. By turning the switch on and off, the low-frequency signal is tuned to the resonant frequency of the capacitor and the inductor to achieve variable frequency matching.

5. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inductor is replaced by a transformer to transform the impedance. A full-bridge rectifier is added to the input of the transformer and the switch. After frequency conversion matching, the energy is temporarily stored in the capacitor through the diode. When the voltage of the capacitor reaches the maximum, a narrow pulse signal controls the switch to turn on, and the capacitor energy is converted to the energy storage supercapacitor through the transformer and the rectifier diode.

6. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistor and capacitor are connected to form an integrating circuit; the resistor, capacitor and voltage regulator are connected in sequence to form a reference circuit; The output voltage of the integration circuit and the reference voltage form a delay circuit through a comparator to generate a delay pulse to control the multi-stage impedance conversion circuit.

7. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage on the energy storage element and the reference voltage form a threshold circuit through a comparator. When the voltage on the energy storage element is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator output voltage is high; when the voltage on the energy storage element is higher than the reference voltage, the comparator output voltage is low, starting the voltage-stabilized instantaneous discharge circuit.

8. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large-voltage-range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The comparator uses an open-circuit output with a pull-up resistor.

9. The high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large voltage range energy-taking circuit of the magnetoelectric transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output of the threshold circuit is connected to the external control through a resistor. When the voltage output by the threshold circuit of the automatic control end is low, the voltage-stabilizing instantaneous discharge circuit works, so that the voltage on the energy storage element outputs a stable voltage through the DC-DC conversion circuit; even if the voltage on the energy storage element does not reach the threshold, as long as the external control is at a low level, the DC-DC conversion circuit is still turned on.

10. A high-efficiency, low-power, large-voltage-range energy-harvesting device for a magnetoelectric transducer, characterized in that: A high-efficiency, low-power consumption, large-voltage-range energy-harvesting circuit comprising the magnetoelectric transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images