Charged particle filter for reactor for plasma chemical treatment of waste

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for extracting dispersed particles from a gas or vapour using electrostatic effects, in particular to a filter for charged particles in a gas stream exiting a waste treatment reactor. The purpose of the present invention is to achieve the technical effect of providing a charged particle filter of a simple configuration, which ensures that charged particles are saved in a treatment chamber of a waste treatment reactor, and which improves the efficiency of operation of the waste treatment reactor due to an increase in the density of charged particles in the treatment chamber. The technical result is achieved by a filter for charged particles, which represents an electrically conductive screen permeable to a filterable gas flow. The filter is equipped with a fastening system for securing it in a filterable gas stream containing charged particles. The fastening system is based on an electrically isolating member.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to apparatus for extracting dispersed particles from gases or vapors using electrostatic effects and, in particular, to filters for charged particles in gas streams leaving waste treatment reactors. Background Art

[0002] According to invention patent RU2612292 (published on March 6, 2017), there is a known device for removing charged particles from an airflow. The device includes an electric filter body and a receiving box for collecting particles removed from the airflow. Two pairs of identical metal electrodes are fixed inside the body along their central axis, so that they are located in the corners of a square, the center of which coincides with the central axis of the body. An alternating voltage is fed to each electrode so that its phase is offset by 180 degrees relative to the two adjacent electrodes, thereby forming an alternating electric field of a quadrupole type between them. The field forms a linear electric trap for capturing charged particles, and the captured particles move to the bin due to the action of gravity and / or an additional constant electric field.

[0003] The limitation of this engineering solution is the complexity of its configuration, which requires the use of an additional source of alternative voltages. This configuration also requires the provision of a phase shift between the voltages fed to the different electrodes and the precise positioning of the electrodes relative to each other. Furthermore, this solution does not involve keeping the charged particles in the volume from which the cleanable gas flow comes, which is necessary for some processes, for example, where the charged particles are active (e.g., in plasma chemical reactors for waste treatment). Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is directed to obtaining the technical effect of providing a filter for charged particles of simple configuration, which filter ensures saving of charged particles in a treatment chamber of a waste treatment reactor and improves the efficiency of the waste treatment reactor operation due to an increased density of charged particles in the treatment chamber.

[0005] The technical effect is achieved by a filter for charged particles, which is a conductive mesh permeable to the airflow to be filtered. The filter is equipped with a fastening system for fixing it in the filterable airflow containing charged particles. The fastening system is based on an electrically isolating member.

[0006] Preferably, the conductive screen completely spans the filterable gas stream containing the charged particles.

[0007] Preferably, the conductive screen is arranged in the form of a grid or a grille.

[0008] Preferably, the conductive screen is made of metal.

[0009] In one embodiment, the conductive screen is made of metal in the form of two truncated regular cones, with the bottom base lying in one plane and the top base lying in another plane. The cones rotate relative to each other about their common axis. The metal side panels lie in the plane of the sides of the truncated cones. These panels are attached to the metal panels of the upper and bottom bases lying in the plane of the upper and bottom bases of the truncated cones so that on adjacent sides

[0010] Gaps are provided between the lateral edges of the panels.

[0011] Preferably, the truncated cones are rotated about their common axis by an angle such that each lateral rib of one truncated cone is located at an equal distance from two adjacent lateral ribs of another truncated cone.

[0012] In one embodiment, the radii of the inscribed circles of the bottom bases of the truncated cones are equal, while the radii of the inscribed circles of the top bases of the truncated cones are different.

[0013] Preferably, the attachment locations of the side panels of the truncated cone to the bottom base are staggered.

[0014] Preferably, the side panels are arranged in a trapezoidal shape.

[0015] In one embodiment, the upper ribs of the side panels of the frustum are positioned along a circle coaxial with the axis of the frustum.

[0016] Preferably, the upper ribs of the side panels are attached to the top base along two circles coaxial with the axis of the truncated cone.

[0017] In one embodiment, the top base is provided in the form of a rectangle displaced away from the axis of the truncated cone towards the input opening of the reactor, wherein the top base has a hole and comprises ribs directed towards the bottom base. The side plates of one of the truncated cones are not present under the top base, and a metal side plate is fixed between the free ends of the bottom base and the top base instead of the absent side plate. The metal side plate has reinforcing ribs on its surface directed towards the axis of the truncated cone.

[0018] In one embodiment, the bottom base has a hole and includes ribs that point away from the top base. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The invention is illustrated in the following figures.

[0020] Figure 1 A vertical cross section of a reactor with a charged particle filter is shown, with the following indicators used:

[0021] 1. Treatment chamber of waste treatment reactor;

[0022] 2 Input opening;

[0023] 3 output ports;

[0024] 4 Isolation components;

[0025] 5 Charged particle source;

[0026] 6 Conductive screen;

[0027] 7 Suction fan.

[0028] Figure 2 A front view of the conductive screen (6) is shown, with the following indicators used:

[0029] 8 top seat metal plate;

[0030] 9 Metal plate for base;

[0031] 10 a metal side panel of the first truncated cone;

[0032] 11. A metal side panel of the second truncated cone;

[0033] 12 Gaps between side panels;

[0034] 13. Reinforcement ribs of side panels;

[0035] 14 side panels;

[0036] 15 Ribs of side panels;

[0037] 16 Top seat metal plate reinforcement rib;

[0038] 17 Reinforcement ribs of the metal plate of the bottom base.

[0039] Figure 3 A left 3 / 4 angle view of the conductive screen (6) is shown, with the following indicators used:

[0040] 18 an opening in the metal plate of the top base;

[0041] 19 opening in the metal plate of the bottom base;

[0042] 20 Opening in metal side panel.

[0043] Figure 4 A right 3 / 4 angle view of the conductive screen (6) is shown.

[0044] Figure 5 A 3 / 4 angle view of the underside of the conductive screen (6) is shown.

[0045] Figure 6 A top 3 / 4 angle view of the conductive screen (6) is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The invention can be implemented as a filter for charged particles, which are fed from a charged particle source (5) to a treatment chamber (1) of a waste treatment reactor. Waste is fed to the reactor via an input opening (2). The filter comprises a conductive screen (6) which is fixed to an isolation member (4) in the lower part of the treatment chamber (1) of the waste treatment reactor above an output opening (3) connected to an intake air fan (7). The conductive screen (6) can be provided in the form of two truncated regular pyramids, wherein the bottom base is located in one plane and the top base is located in another plane. The cones rotate relative to each other around their common axis. Metal side panels are located in each or some of the side planes of the truncated cones. The metal side panels (10) of the first truncated cone and the metal side panels (11) of the second truncated cone are attached to the metal plates (8) of the upper base and the metal plates (9) of the bottom base located in the planes of the upper base and the bottom base of the first and second truncated cones. A gap (12) is provided between the lateral edges of adjacent side panels (10) and (11). Reinforcing ribs (13) are provided on the surfaces of the metal side panels (10) and (11) oriented towards the axis of the frustum. Ribs (15) and openings (20) are provided on the surface of the side panels (14) oriented towards the axis of the frustum. Ribs (16) and openings (18) are provided in the metal plate (8) of the top base, while ribs (17) and openings (19) are provided in the metal plate (9) of the bottom base.

[0047] The filter for charged particles operates as follows. When charged particles are supplied from a charged particle source (5) to a treatment chamber (1) of a waste treatment reactor, they collide with the conductive portion of a screen (6) due to gravity or the effect of a flow formed by a fan embedded in the charged particle source (5). The screen (6) is fixed to the wall of the reactor body by means of an isolation member (4) through the flow of output gas generated during the plasma chemical destruction of the waste. The output gas flow is formed by an intake air fan (7). When the charged particles collide with the screen (6), the charge of the charged particles is transferred to the screen (6) and collected on the screen (6). As the charge collected by the screen (6) composed of metal plates (8), (9), (10), (11) increases, an electrostatic field is formed, which begins to push the charged particles away and towards the treatment chamber (1) of the waste treatment reactor. Uncharged particles or particles discharged due to collision with the screen and output gas flow freely toward the output opening (3) through the openings (18), (19), (20) of the metal plates (8), (9), (14) and through the gaps (12) between the side panels (10), (11), and further they are removed by the air fan (7).

[0048] The charged particles collide with each other in the treatment chamber (1) of the reactor and form a corona discharge current. As can be seen from [1], the current generates active substances О3, О2 (a 1Δ),H2O2,ОН,O( 3 The corona discharge also causes ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These active substances and the UV radiation destroy any organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste to be treated, thereby destroying them and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic content of the waste is destroyed by the acids HNO2 and HNO3, which are formed in the reactor due to the corona discharge. The increase in the number of charged particles in the treatment chamber (1) of the reactor due to the backward push of the screen (6) in the filter for charged particles increases the possibility of collisions between them. This effect increases the number of streamers and therefore increases the amount of active substances, thereby improving the efficiency of waste destruction in the treatment chamber (1) of the reactor.

[0049] The pyramidal configuration of the conductive screen (6) facilitates the removal of waste from the surface of the screen (6) due to the effect of gravity when waste is loaded into the reactor. Thus, the possibility of covering the surface of the screen parts (8), (9), (10), (11), (14), the openings (18), (19), (20) of the metal plates (8), (9), (14) of the screen and the gaps (12) between the metal plates (10), (11) with waste is reduced. The reinforcing ribs (13), (15), (16), (17) provide structural rigidity to the screen 6. The openings in the above-mentioned metal plates and the gaps between the plates of the side ribs facilitate the removal of gaseous destruction products from the treatment chamber (1) of the waste treatment reactor towards the output opening (3). In other words, a greater density of charged particles is provided in the treatment chamber of the reactor equipped with a filter for charged particles, thereby ensuring a larger area of ​​active plasma chemical reaction.

[0050] Thus, improvements in reactor operation are achieved due to increased size of the streamer generation region in the reactor and corresponding expansion of the area of ​​active plasma chemistry provided by the configuration of filters for charged particles.

[0051] Information sources

[0052] [1] Aristova NA, Piskarev IM, Ivanovskiy AV, Selemir VD, Spirov G.M., Shlepkin SI. Chemical reactions initiated by discharges in solid dielectric-gas-liquid configurations / / Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2004, Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 1326-1331.

Claims

1. A charged particle filter for a reactor for plasma chemical treatment of waste, characterized in that The filter comprises an electrically conductive mesh permeable to a filterable gas flow and equipped with a fastening system for fixing it in the filterable gas flow containing the charged particles, the fastening system being based on electrically isolating members.

2. The filter according to claim 1, wherein The conductive screen completely spans the filterable gas stream containing the charged particles.

3. The filter according to claim 1, wherein The conductive screen is provided in the form of a grid or a grating.

4. The filter according to claim 1, wherein The conductive mesh is made of metal.

5. The filter according to claim 4, wherein The conductive screen is provided in the form of two truncated regular cones having a bottom base located in one plane and a top base located in another plane, wherein the cones are rotated relative to each other about their common axis, metal side panels are located in the side planes of the truncated cones, and the side panels are attached to the metal plates of the top base and the bottom base located in the planes of the top base and the bottom base of the truncated cones so that a gap is provided between the lateral edges of adjacent side panels.

6. The filter according to claim 5, wherein The truncated cones are rotated about their common axis by an angle such that each side rib of one truncated cone is located at an equal distance from two adjacent side ribs of the other truncated cone.

7. The filter according to claim 5, wherein The radii of the inscribed circles of the bottom sides of the truncated cones are equal, and the radii of the inscribed circles of the top sides of the truncated cones are different.

8. The filter according to claim 5, wherein The attachment locations of the side panels of the truncated cone to the bottom base are staggered.

9. The filter according to claim 5, wherein: The side panels are arranged in a trapezoidal shape.

10. The filter according to claim 5, wherein The upper ribs of the side panels of the truncated cone are located along a circle coaxial with the axis of the truncated cone.

11. The filter according to claim 5, wherein The upper ribs of the side panels of the truncated cone are attached to the top base along two circles coaxial with the axis of the truncated cone.

12. The filter according to claim 5, wherein The top base is provided in the form of a rectangle displaced away from the axis of the truncated cone towards the input opening of the reactor, wherein the top base has a hole and comprises ribs directed towards the bottom base, the side panels of one of the truncated cones are absent below the top base, a metal side panel is fixed between the bottom base and the free end of the top base in place of the absent side panel, and the side panel comprises reinforcing ribs on its surface oriented towards the axis of the truncated cone.

13. The filter according to claim 5, wherein The bottom base has an aperture and includes reinforcing ribs directed away from the top base.

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