Device for deep rolling of shafts

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for deep rolling a shaft (4), comprising: two centers (2A, 2B) for receiving the shaft (4) to be processed on both sides; at least one driver (6A, 6B) for rotating the shaft (4); and at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') for deep rolling the shaft (4), wherein the two centers (2A, 2B) are arranged on a central axis (3), wherein at least one center (2B) is movable along the central axis (3), wherein at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are arranged on a movable axial slider (10A, 10B, 10C) movable along the central axis (3), and wherein the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are movable in the radial direction relative to the central axis (3). To efficiently process components with different geometries, at least one replacement device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') is provided for changing the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B'). Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a device for deep rolling of axles (4), particularly wheel axles of rail vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for machining shafts and other components, particularly for deep rolling, the apparatus comprising: two centers for receiving the shaft to be machined on both sides; at least one drive for rotating the shaft to be machined; at least one pair of rolling tools for machining the shaft to be machined, particularly for deep rolling, wherein both centers are arranged on a central axis, wherein at least one center is movable along the central axis, wherein at least one pair of rolling tools is arranged on a movable axial slider that is movable along the central axis, and wherein the rolling tools are movable relative to the central axis in a radial direction.

[0002] The present invention also relates to the application of such equipment for deep rolling of axles, particularly wheel axles for wheel sets used in rail vehicles. Background Technology

[0003] The machining of axles is particularly relevant in the field of wheelsets for rail vehicles, as the operating strength of wheelset axles and shafts can be significantly improved through deep rolling. In deep rolling, a suitable rolling material is guided or rolled onto the surface of the component to be machined under clamping force. Here, different effects occur on the machined material surface or in the edge layer region; for example, the surface becomes flattened (small notches are flattened), and the material undergoes plastic deformation and is simultaneously hardened. Furthermore, unwanted internal stresses that may exist in the edge layer of the workpiece can be eliminated through deep rolling; similarly, favorable internal stress states, especially favorable compressive internal stresses, can be created in the edge layer region through deep rolling. All of these factors result in deep-rolled wheelset axles resisting different loads acting on them better than un-deep-rolled wheelset axles; therefore, deep rolling can significantly improve the service life of wheelsets and other similar load-bearing components, as can be demonstrated, for example, through continuous vibration testing.

[0004] For example, a machine for deep rolling wheelset axles is known from EP 2 588 273 B1. The machine described therein is used for deep rolling wheelset axles of rail vehicles. The machine has two centers, between which the wheelset to be processed is rotatably clamped. The machine also includes multiple pairs of deep rolling tools that are movable relative to the wheelset.

[0005] The disadvantage of this type of equipment is that the tools, due to their arrangement and limited mobility, can only be changed manually in a very cumbersome manner. For example, when it is necessary to process other areas of the shaft or other shafts, and for this purpose, a rolling body with a different geometry is required, changing the tools may be necessary. Furthermore, the cumbersome changeover process especially means that this type of equipment is usually used only for very limited purposes, such as for deep rolling of wheel sets with as similar a geometry as possible. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In this context, the objective of this invention is to design and improve the device described at the beginning so as to enable efficient processing of components with different geometries.

[0007] In the apparatus described in the preamble of claim 1, the task is accomplished by at least one replacement device for changing the rolling tool.

[0008] This invention relates to an apparatus for machining shafts and other components, particularly for deep rolling. Besides deep rolling, the apparatus can also be used for other machining processes, such as polishing rolling, smooth rolling, straightening rolling, and rotational straightening. It is preferably used for machining long cylindrical components, especially shafts for wheel assemblies of rail vehicles. The apparatus primarily comprises two centers for receiving the shaft to be machined on both sides. The shaft to be machined can be securely, but still rotatably, held in the apparatus on its two opposing end faces by said two centers. The centers can, for example, be formed into a conical shape. The two centers are arranged on a central axis, which corresponds to the axis of rotation of the shaft when it is clamped. Furthermore, at least one center is movable along the central axis (i.e., in the axial direction). Alternatively, both centers may be movable along the central axis (i.e., in the axial direction). Therefore, the axial distance between the two centers is adjustable, allowing for the clamping and machining of shafts of different lengths, for example, shafts no longer than 3000 mm. The diameter of the shaft to be machined can be in the range of 50 mm to 500 mm. The apparatus also includes at least one driver for rotating the shaft to be machined. Two or more drivers may also be provided. The driving power of at least one driver can be transmitted to the shaft to rotate it. Preferably, the relative movement between the shaft to be machined and the rolling tool required for machining is achieved by the movement (rotation) of the shaft, rather than by the movement of the rolling tool around the shaft. Depending on the machining method, the shaft rotates at a speed of 20 rpm to 400 rpm. The apparatus also includes pairs of rolling tools, wherein a pair of rolling tools consists of two rolling tools arranged on opposite sides of the shaft. These rolling tools are movable relative to the central axis in the radial direction, i.e., these rolling tools can move toward and away from the shaft. The rolling tools are used to machine the shaft; for this purpose, these rolling tools are pressed against the surface of the rotating shaft. This is done with a rolling force of 2,000 N to 50,000 N. At least one pair of rolling tools is arranged on a movable axial slider that is movable along the central axis. Preferably, all pairs of rolling tools are arranged on such axial sliders. In this way, the rolling tool can be moved to the position on the shaft to be machined.

[0009] According to the invention, the equipment is supplemented with at least one changing device for changing the rolling tool. The changing device is understood to be a means that can change the rolling tool at least semi-automatically, but preferably fully automatically. This has the advantage that the changing of the rolling tool is performed with very little or no manual intervention. Automatic changing of the rolling tool significantly reduces setup time, thereby enabling the equipment to be used with higher productivity. Another advantage of the quick-change scheme is that the equipment can be used more flexibly for different processing tasks and different components, and therefore operates economically in both small-volume and large-batch production.

[0010] According to one design of the device, the changing device can be configured to be movable, particularly rotatably supported about a rotation axis and / or movable in the vertical direction. This mobility of the changing device allows for particularly efficient and undisturbed tool changing, as it can accommodate the tool to be changed and remove it from the machining position, then bring another tool into the machining position.

[0011] According to one design of the device, the changing device has at least two, and particularly at least four, receptacles for rolling tools. By having multiple receptacles for rolling tools, the device can be equipped with different rolling tools for different machining tasks (e.g., deep rolling or straightening rolling) and / or for components with different geometries (e.g., different diameters). Furthermore, storing the rolling tools in the changing device results in faster tool changes because the distance the tools travel is minimized.

[0012] According to another design of the device, the changing unit has a clamping device for loosening and tightening the rolling tool. When the changing unit not only controls the movement of the rolling tool in and out, but also controls the loosening and tightening (clamping) of the rolling tool through the clamping device, the tool can be changed fully automatically, i.e., without manual intervention. This further reduces setup time and also ensures that the deep rolling tool is fixed in a stable and error-free manner.

[0013] In another design of the device, the changing device is positioned in the area of ​​the tip. In other words, viewed along the axial direction of the shaft, the changing device is not positioned "beside" the shaft, but rather "in front of" and "behind" it. This arrangement is particularly space-saving and compact, and allows for collision-free machining of shafts using a rolling tool, even with large-diameter shafts. Because of this arrangement of the changing device, no structural space is required near the workpiece, thus maintaining unrestricted machining possibilities. Changing the shaft to be machined is also significantly easier due to this arrangement of the changing device.

[0014] According to another design of the device, two or more pairs of rolling tools are provided. By increasing the number of rolling tool pairs, particularly long shafts can also be processed quickly.

[0015] Two pairs of rolling tools have proven particularly advantageous because they can also be changed automatically: the first pair can be moved to one side of the device (in the axial direction, "front" of the shaft) and replaced by a changing device located there, and the second pair can be moved to the opposite side of the device (in the axial direction, "rear" of the shaft) and replaced by a changing device located there. These two "outer" pairs of rolling tools can be supplemented by a third pair of rolling tools or another pair of rolling tools located between the two pairs mentioned above, which can be changed, for example, manually.

[0016] According to another design of the device, at least one pair of rolling tools is arranged on a movable axial slider that can move along a central axis. This arrangement on the slider has the advantage that two opposing rolling tools can be arranged on the same axial slider, thereby ensuring that the two rolling tools always occupy the same axial position, i.e., always precisely "opposite". Furthermore, this arrangement allows the axial slider to withstand the rolling forces of both rolling tools, which is structurally particularly advantageous because the two rolling forces of a pair of rolling tools are opposite in direction and equal in magnitude, and therefore can be reliably compensated or canceled. Preferably, the axial slider is arranged vertically below the axis. It is also preferred that each pair of rolling tools is arranged on a (separate) axial slider; that is, all pairs of rolling tools should have their own axial slider.

[0017] The design further includes two radially movable sliders arranged on at least one axial slider, with a rolling tool mounted on each radial slider. Through the combination of the axial and radial sliders, the rolling tool can move not only in the axial direction but also in the radial direction, thus allowing it to move in two dimensions within a horizontally arranged plane. Unlike the axial slider, a pair of rolling tools cannot "share" the same radial slider because, during operation, the pair of rolling tools must move in opposite directions in the radial direction and must "pincer" the shaft between them. Therefore, every two radial sliders "share" one axial slider. Preferably, two radially movable sliders are arranged on all axial sliders.

[0018] The design further includes a vertically movable shaft support device arranged on at least one axial slider. Preferably, vertically movable shaft support devices are arranged on at least two axial sliders, particularly on the two outer axial sliders. These shaft support devices (also called "support corner posts") enable the equipment to load shafts of different diameters. For this purpose, the shaft support device preferably has an upper side, for example, a V-shaped or U-shaped upper side, which self-centers the shaft parallel to the central axis. The vertical adjustability of the shaft support device allows shafts of different diameters to be positioned at a suitable height for clamping between two centers. After clamping the shaft, the shaft support device can be pushed downwards again to release the shaft for machining. By arranging the shaft support device on the axial slider, axial movement of the axial slider also causes axial movement of the shaft support device, which, for example, facilitates adaptation to shafts of different lengths. Arranging the shaft support on the axial slider also has the advantage that (as opposed to arranging the shaft support between two axial sliders), there is no need to worry about the axial slider colliding with the shaft support during axial movement. The shaft support can be configured to have a measuring device. This has the advantage that the shaft can be measured (especially its axial position or circumferential movement within the equipment) while it is positioned on the shaft support, and the measurement data can be used in the machining of the shaft after it is clamped.

[0019] According to another design of the device, at least one rolling tool is oscillatingly supported, particularly oscillating at least 90° to either side of the central axis. Preferably, all rolling tools are oscillatingly supported in this manner; however, the rolling tools are equipped with a changing device in any case. The rolling tools are preferably oscillating in a horizontal plane (i.e., about a vertical axis of rotation). This oscillating support has several advantages. The first advantage is that the rolling tools can be tilted during rolling, i.e., not perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft. This has the advantage, for example, that the rolling tool can reach even hard-to-reach locations, such as notches or shoulders. The second advantage is that the oscillation of the rolling tools facilitates and makes tool changing easy. Because when the rolling tools oscillate 90°, they are oriented parallel to the central axis and can be guided particularly close to the changing device by the movement of an axial slider.

[0020] According to another design of the device, each rolling tool is equipped with a rolling cylinder, particularly a hydraulic rolling cylinder. Very high rolling pressure can be reliably transmitted to the rolling tool via the rolling cylinder (and the corresponding piston), where, in particular, the hydraulic system has proven its value. Preferably, the rolling tool is rotatably supported on a piston via a fork, which can be pushed in and pushed out of the corresponding rolling cylinder. The rolling cylinder is preferably (if necessary, pivotally as previously described) supported on a radial slider, which in turn is supported on an axial slider, and the rolling tool is rotatably and radially movable to the slider.

[0021] According to another design of the device, at least one swing-supported rolling tool has a vertical swing axis, which is spaced relative to the contact point between the rolling tool and the shaft, the distance being 50 mm or less, particularly 35 mm or less. The machining force (e.g., rolling pressure) generated during operation is introduced into the rolling tool at the contact point with the shaft. The machining force, due to its magnitude, can cause a large torque, which is less easily supported (e.g., by a motor) in the case of a swing-supported device compared to a rigid support. Therefore, it has proven particularly advantageous to route the swing axis very close to the contact point, ideally even through the contact point (distance = 0 mm). The reduced distance results in a smaller lever arm, and thus a smaller torque generated around the swing axis. In this way, even under high rolling pressure, the desired swing position, or angular position, of the rolling tool can be precisely maintained during machining. Structurally, reducing the spacing can be achieved, for example, by arranging the oscillating actuator deep "inside" the shaft, i.e., almost below the shaft, and connecting it to the rolling cylinder via radially outward-extending arms. Preferably, all oscillatingly supported rolling tools are designed in this way.

[0022] The aforementioned equipment, in all the illustrated designs, is particularly suitable for deep rolling of axles, especially wheel axles for rail vehicles. Rail vehicle wheelsets, due to their very high running power, must be exceptionally load-bearing to achieve a long service life. Given the large number of wheelsets in operation, only very cost-effective and efficient processing methods are considered, and the equipment according to the invention is particularly suitable for this purpose. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The invention will now be explained in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings, which illustrate only one preferred embodiment. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 A top view shows the device according to the invention with a shaft to be machined.

[0025] Figure 2The cross-sectional view viewed from above shows the data without the axis. Figure 1 The equipment,

[0026] Figure 3 The location for changing tools is shown according to... Figure 1 The equipment,

[0027] Figure 4 The view is shown in magnified view according to Figure 1 Part of the equipment, and

[0028] Figure 5 To follow along in Figure 1 The side view drawn in section VV shows the cross section according to Figure 1 It is part of the equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Figure 1 A top view shows the device 1 according to the invention with a shaft to be processed; Figure 2 The cross-sectional view viewed from above shows the data without the axis. Figure 1 Device 1. Device 1 includes two centers 2A and 2B arranged on a central axis 3. The central axis 3 extends in the Z direction, which, together with the horizontal X direction and the vertical Y direction, forms a coordinate system. The shaft 4 to be processed can be clamped and thus accommodated between the centers 2A and 2B. In order to process shafts 4 of different lengths and to facilitate clamping, at least one of the two centers 2A and 2B can be moved along the central axis 3, such that the two centers 2A and 2B can occupy different distances relative to each other, preferably between 0 mm and 3000 mm. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the design of the device 1 shown and preferred in this regard, the first tip 2A shown on the left is arranged on the fixed spindle box 5A, while the second tip 2B shown on the right is arranged on the movable tailstock 5B, and is thus able to move along the central axis 3.

[0030] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 The device 1 shown also includes at least one drive 6 for rotating the shaft 4 to be processed. Figure 1 and Figure 2In the preferred design of device 1 shown and for this purpose, a first driver 6A is arranged in the region of the first tip 2A on the left. Additionally (but optionally), a second driver 6B is arranged in the region of the second tip 2B on the right. Drive power is preferably transmitted to the shaft 4 to be processed via rotary actuators 7A and 7B, which are arranged beside the tips 2A and 2B and are capable of driving the shaft 4 by frictional engagement and / or form engagement. The rotational movement of the drivers 6A and 6B... Figure 2 The two arrows are represented by circles.

[0031] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The device 1 also includes three pairs of rolling tools 8 for deep rolling of the shaft 4 to be machined. Two first rolling tools 8A and 8A' form a first pair, two second rolling tools 8B and 8B' form a second pair, and two third (intermediate) rolling tools 8C and 8C' form a third pair. Each rolling tool 8 is equipped with a hydraulic rolling cylinder 14, through which the rolling tool 8 can be pressed onto the shaft 4 to be machined with a defined rolling force. The rolling tools 8 can move in different directions: these rolling tools 8 are firstly (in cylindrical coordinates) movably arranged in the radial direction (or in Cartesian coordinates: in the X direction) relative to the central axis 3. This is structurally achieved by arranging the rolling tools 8 on radial sliders 9; furthermore, a small radial mobility is achieved by the rolling cylinder 14. The first rolling tools 8A and 8A' (each using the rolling cylinder 14) are respectively arranged on the first radial sliders 9A and 9A'. Similarly, second rolling tools 8B and 8B' (using rolling cylinders 14 respectively) are arranged on second radial sliders 9B and 9B', and third (intermediate) rolling tools 8C and 8C' (using rolling cylinders 14 respectively) are arranged on third (intermediate) radial sliders 9C and 9C'. These rolling tools 8 are also movably arranged (in cylindrical coordinates) along the central axis 3 in the axial direction (or in Cartesian coordinates: in the Z direction). This is structurally achieved by arranging the rolling tools 8 on axial sliders 10, which are movable along the central axis 3: first rolling tools 8A and 8A' (via their first radial sliders 9A and 9A') are arranged on the first axial slider 10A. Similarly, the second rolling tools 8B, 8B' (via their second radial sliders 9B, 9B') are arranged on the second axial slider 10B, and the third rolling tools 8C, 8C' (via their third radial sliders 9C, 9C') are arranged on the third (intermediate) axial slider 10C. The axial mobility of the axial sliders 10A, 10B, 10C and the radial mobility of the radial sliders 9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C' are... Figure 2 Double arrows are used to represent this. Figure 2 Two can also be seen in (in) Figure 1 and Figure 3 Vertically adjustable shaft support devices 15A and 15B (covered by shaft 4), wherein the first shaft support device 15A is arranged on the first axial slider 10A, and the second shaft support device 15B is arranged on the second axial slider 10B.

[0032] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 The device 1 shown also includes at least one changing device 11 for changing the rolling tool 8. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the preferred design of device 1 shown and for this purpose, four replacement devices 11 are provided: two first replacement devices 11A, 11A' are arranged around the first center 2A and are used to replace the two first rolling tools 8A, 8A'. In addition, two second replacement devices 11B, 11B' are arranged around the second center 2B and are used to replace the two second rolling tools 8B, 8B'. No replacement device is provided for the third (intermediate) rolling tools 8C, 8C', therefore these rolling tools 8C, 8C' need to be replaced manually. Each replacement device 11 has four receiving portions 12A to 12D for the rolling tools 8, which will be combined with... Figure 4 A detailed explanation is provided. The replacement device 11 is rotatably supported around the rotation axes 13 and 13' respectively (see...). Figure 2 and Figure 4 This allows each receiving portion 12 of the replacement device to be positioned optimally for replacing the rolling tool 8. Preferably, the rotation axes 13, 13' run parallel to the central axis 3.

[0033] Figure 3 The location for changing the rolling tool 8 is shown according to... Figure 1 The equipment. Already integrated. Figure 1 or Figure 2 The described features are in Figure 3Corresponding reference numerals are provided in the accompanying drawings. To enable automatic replacement of the rolling tools 8, the two outer axial sliders 10A and 10B are pushed to their outermost positions; that is, the first axial slider 10A is pushed to the leftmost position towards the first tip 2A, and the second axial slider 10B is pushed to the rightmost position towards the second tip 2B. Furthermore, the first rolling tools 8A and 8A' (using their rolling cylinders 14) are each swung 90° towards the first tip 2A, so that the first rolling tools 8A and 8A' are directly positioned in front of the first changing devices 11A and 11A'. Similarly, the second rolling tools 8B and 8B' (using their rolling cylinders 14) are each swung 90° towards the second tip 2B, so that the second rolling tools 8B and 8B' are directly positioned in front of the second changing devices 11B and 11B'. In this position, automatic replacement of the rolling tools 8A, 8A', 8B, and 8B' can be achieved on both outer processing units (axial sliders 10A and 10B). Conversely, on the intermediate (optional) machining unit (axial slider 10C), the rolling tools 8C, 8C' must be changed manually.

[0034] Figure 4 The view is shown in magnified view according to Figure 1 It is part of the equipment. It has already been integrated. Figures 1 to 3 The described features are in Figure 4 The corresponding reference numerals are provided. For clarity, in... Figure 4 Only the left half of device 1 is shown, namely the area around the spindle box 5A and the first tip 2A. Figure 4 The two rolling tools 8A and 8A' and their rolling cylinder 14, oscillating 90°, are clearly visible. Similarly, the two changing devices 11A and 11A' each have four receiving portions 12A to 12D. In the indicated position, the two rolling tools 8A and 8A' are embedded in one of the four receiving portions 12A to 12D, while the other three of the four receiving portions 12A to 12D are equipped with other tools that can be nested on the rolling cylinder 14, such that the receiving portions 12A to 12D of the changing devices 11A and 11A' rotate about the rotation axes 13 and 13' by such a certain amount (in...) Figure 4 (Represented by a circular dashed line in the middle), until the desired tool is in the desired position and can be automatically changed. Finally, in Figure 4 It can also be seen that the first shaft support device 15A is arranged on the first axial slider 10A. The first shaft support device has a V-shaped upper side, which is used to support (in) Figure 4(Not shown in the diagram) Shaft 4, and the first shaft support device is movable in the vertical direction relative to the first axial slider 10A (indicated by double arrows). The replacement devices 11A, 11A' are preferably movable in the vertical direction, for example, in such a way that the replacement devices can move up or down along the guide device 16 (again indicated by double arrows).

[0035] at last, Figure 5 To follow along in Figure 1 The side view drawn in section VV shows the cross section according to Figure 1 This is part of device 1. In the side view, the structural embodiment of the rolling tools 8B, 8B' and the swingable supports of the rolling cylinders 14 disposed on these rolling tools is particularly clear: two radial sliders 9B, 9B' each have a swing actuator 17. These swing actuators 17 are respectively connected to their respective rolling cylinders 14 via arms 18. Thus, by means of these swing actuators 17, the rolling cylinders 14 (and the rolling tools 8B, 8B' supported thereon) can pivot about a vertically oriented swing axis 19 in two opposite rotational directions. The swing axis 19 is positioned as close as possible to the contact point 20 through which the rolling tools 8B, 8B' transmit processing force (e.g., rolling pressure) to the shaft 4. Preferably, the swing axis 19 and the contact point 20 (in the radial direction of the horizontal plane) form a distance 21 in the range of 0 mm to 50 mm, particularly in the range of 0 mm to 35 mm. This reduces the torque caused by machining forces (e.g., rolling pressure), which could unintentionally alter the desired oscillation position of the rolling tool during machining. Furthermore, in Figure 5 Radial actuator 22 can be seen, which enables radial slider 9B to move in the radial direction (the opposite radial slider 9B' correspondingly has radial actuator 22, not shown). Although for clarity, Figure 5 Only the second rolling tools 8B, 8B' and the second radial sliders 9B, 9B' are shown, but the embodiment can be adapted to the first rolling tools 8A, 8A' and the first radial sliders 9A, 9A', since the first rolling tools 8A, 8A' are oscillatingly supported in a corresponding manner.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0037] 1 device

[0038] 2, 2A, 2B (Top-Tier)

[0039] 3 central axis

[0040] 4-axis

[0041] 5A spindle box

[0042] 5B tail rack

[0043] 6, 6A, 6B drivers

[0044] 7, 7A, 7B tow pullers

[0045] 8, 8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C' rolling tools

[0046] 9, 9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C' radial sliders

[0047] 10, 10A, 10B, 10C Axial Slider

[0048] Replacement devices for 11, 11A, 11A', 11B, and 11B'

[0049] Receiving sections 12, 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D

[0050] 13, 13' Rotation axis

[0051] 14 Roller Cylinder

[0052] 15A and 15B shaft support devices

[0053] 16 guiding devices

[0054] 17 Oscillating Driver

[0055] 18 arms

[0056] 19. Swing axis

[0057] 20 contact points

[0058] 21 spacing

[0059] 22 Radial Driver

Claims

1. An apparatus (1) for deep rolling a shaft (4), comprising: - Two centers (2A, 2B) are used to accommodate the shaft to be machined (4) on both sides. - At least one driver (6A, 6B) is used to rotate the shaft (4) to be machined. - At least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are used to perform deep rolling on the shaft (4) to be machined. -Among them, two apexes (2A, 2B) are arranged on the central axis (3), -In this configuration, at least one tip (2B) is capable of moving along the central axis (3). -In this configuration, at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are arranged on a movable axial slider (10A, 10B, 10C), the axial slider being movable along the central axis (3), and -Among them, the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are capable of moving in the radial direction relative to the central axis (3), and -In this configuration, at least one pair of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are arranged on a movable axial slider (10A, 10B, 10C), which is movable along the central axis (3). The invention is characterized by having at least one replacement device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') for replacing the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B'), and having a shaft support device (15A, 15B) capable of moving in the vertical direction arranged on at least one axial slider (10A, 10B, 10C).

2. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replacement devices (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') are capable of being movably supported.

3. The device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The replacement devices (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') are rotatably supported about the rotation axis (13, 13') and / or movable in the vertical direction.

4. The device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The replacement device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') has at least two receiving portions (12A, 12B, 12C, 12D) for the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B').

5. The device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The replacement device (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') has at least four receiving parts (12A, 12B, 12C, 12D).

6. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replacement devices (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') have fastening devices for loosening and tightening the rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B').

7. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replacement devices (11A, 11A', 11B, 11B') are located in the area of ​​the top (2A, 2B).

8. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is equipped with two or more pairs of rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C').

9. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two radial sliders (9A, 9A', 9B, 9B', 9C, 9C') that are movable in the radial direction are arranged on at least one axial slider (10A, 10B, 10C), and rolling tools (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') are arranged on the radial sliders respectively.

10. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B') can be oscillatingly supported.

11. The device (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that, At least one rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B') can swing at least 90° to either side of the central axis (3).

12. The device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B', 8C, 8C') is equipped with a rolling cylinder (14).

13. The device (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The roller (14) is hydraulic.

14. The device (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that, At least one swing-supported rolling tool (8A, 8A', 8B, 8B') has a vertical swing axis (19) with a gap (21) of 50 mm or less relative to the contact point (20) between the rolling tool and the shaft (4).

15. The device (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The spacing is 35mm or less.

16. The application of the device (1) according to claim 1 for deep rolling of shaft (4).

17. The application of the device (1) according to claim 16 for deep rolling of the wheel axle of a rail vehicle.

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