An adjustable self-adaptive device and method for trimming roots and stems of a garlic harvester

Abstract

The present application discloses an adjustable and self-adaptive garlic beard and stem cutting device and method. The device includes: a controller, a rice ear holding mechanism, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism, and a reciprocating cutting knife and stem cutting mechanism that are electrically connected to the controller. The rice ear holding mechanism is used to straighten the stem of the garlic according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guide it to the entrance of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism. The controller controls the reciprocating cutting knife and stem cutting mechanism to cut off the roots and stems of the garlic after the adjustment and processing of the flexible clamping and beard cutting adjustment mechanism. The device in the present application can adapt to garlic in different growth states, and realizes self-adaptive flexible pressing for beard and stem cutting during the cutting process, avoiding damage to the garlic heads or residue of the roots and stems, and improving the commercial quality of the garlic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural mechanized equipment, and in particular to an adjustable self-adaptive beard and stem cutting device and method for a garlic harvester. Background Art

[0002] Garlic is an underground plant with extensive root distribution. During harvest, the roots, stems, and leaves are often tightly attached to the bulb, making manual or mechanical harvesting challenging. Traditionally, roots and leaves are separated by cutting and peeling, either manually or mechanically. Therefore, developing a device that can effectively and quickly remove roots and leaves is crucial.

[0003] During traditional manual harvesting, farmers must use knives or manually remove the roots, stems, and leaves one by one. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also inefficient and labor-intensive. In mechanized harvesting, cutting the roots and stems requires not only efficient cutting equipment but also a cutting method that preserves the integrity of the garlic and avoids damaging the bulbs. Therefore, research on cutting the roots and stems has primarily focused on designing efficient, yet gentle, cutting mechanisms.

[0004] The cutting effect of the garlic harvester's cutting device with the function of cutting both the hairs and stems in the existing technology is poor, making it difficult to ensure the quality of the garlic after the roots, stems and leaves are removed. The cutting system of some harvesters has poor adaptability to garlic in different growth states and is unable to cope with the growth differences of garlic in different soil conditions and different climatic environments. Due to the unreasonable design of the hairs and stems cutting device, the garlic heads are easily damaged or the roots and stems are left, affecting the commercial quality of the garlic.

[0005] Therefore, how to realize the adaptive and flexible pressing and cutting of garlic beards and stems by a garlic harvester during the cutting process is a technical problem to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application proposes the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an adjustable adaptive beard and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester, comprising: a controller and a straw-supporting mechanism electrically connected to the controller, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible clamping and beard-cutting adjustment mechanism, and a reciprocating cutter and stem-cutting mechanism; the straw-supporting mechanism is used to straighten the stems of the garlic according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guide them to the entrance of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism; the controller controls the reciprocating cutter and stem-cutting mechanism to cut the roots and stems of the garlic after adjusting the flexible clamping and beard-cutting adjustment mechanism.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the lifting and guiding mechanism includes a lifting rod. The first end of the lifting rod is welded to the lifting base plate. The second end of the lifting rod is suspended above the front pulley of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism at a preset angle with the adjusting square tube. The first end of the adjusting square tube is welded to the lifting base plate. The second end of the adjusting square tube is connected to a bent tube through a pin shaft. The bent tube is fixedly connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism. The first end of the lifting adjustment rod is fixedly connected to the lifting base plate. The second end of the lifting adjustment rod is fixedly connected to the first end of a spring. The second end of the spring is connected to a movable rod provided on the bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism. The movable rod moves on the bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism to pull the spring.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the belt clamping and conveying mechanism includes parallel support frames. A front pulley and a rear pulley are respectively fixed to the front end and the rear end of the support frames. A plurality of groups of tension pulleys are equidistantly arranged between the front pulley and the rear pulley. A pressing wheel is arranged between the front pulley and the first tension pulley. A mud scraping plate is arranged on one side of the pressing wheel. The mud scraping plate is fixedly connected to the first end of the pressing wheel support plate. The second end of the pressing wheel support plate is in contact with the pressing wheel. The first end of the tension wheel support plate is fixedly connected to the first end of the tension wheel support board. The tension wheel support board is welded to the support frame. The second end of the tension wheel support plate is in contact with the tension pulley. The front pulley, the tension pulleys, the rear pulley and the pressing wheel are connected by a first belt in transmission. An anti-slip rubber layer is arranged on the surface of the first belt.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the belt clamping and conveying mechanism further includes a motor. The motor is fixed on the motor box. The motor is rotationally connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft through a gear. The second end of the first transmission shaft is in transmission connection with the rear pulley through a pin key. A first transmission shaft sleeve is arranged outside the first transmission shaft. The bottom end of the motor box is fixedly connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft sleeve. The second end of the first transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the support frame.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the flexible clamping and trimming adjustment mechanism includes a frame arranged in parallel. Belt pulleys are respectively arranged at both ends of the frame. A roller is arranged between the belt pulleys. The roller is arranged on the frame through a roller bracket. The belt pulleys and the roller are connected by a belt in transmission. Adjusting frames and connecting frames are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the frame. A plurality of adjusting openings are arranged on the adjusting frame. The first end of the adjusting frame is movably connected to the frame. The second end of the adjusting frame is movably connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism. A rotating bracket is arranged at the middle position of the connecting frame. The first end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the frame. The second end of the connecting frame is connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism. A flexible adjusting device is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the frame. The flexible adjusting device is fixedly connected to the frame.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the flexible adjusting device includes a support plate. The support plate is fixedly connected to the frame through a connecting frame. A flexible floating plate is arranged at the bottom of the support plate. A spring floating pressing device is fixedly arranged on the flexible floating plate. A brush roller soil cleaning mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the flexible floating plate. An adjustable profiling plate is arranged at the outlet of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism. A six-edge cutting knife is arranged at the bottom of the adjustable profiling plate. The adjustable profiling plate is fixedly connected to the support plate through a connecting frame. The brush roller soil cleaning mechanism and the six-edge cutting knife are respectively driven by a brush roller motor and a six-edge cutting knife motor.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the adjustable profiling plate includes an upper profiling plate, a middle profiling plate and a lower profiling plate. The upper profiling plate, the middle profiling plate and the lower profiling plate are connected through a profiling plate bracket. Vertical adjustment straight slots and front-back adjustment straight slots are arranged on the upper profiling plate.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism includes a second transmission shaft. The top of the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft gear through a pin key. The transmission shaft gear is in transmission connection with a motor gear through a transmission chain in a gear transmission box. A second transmission shaft sleeve is arranged outside the second transmission shaft. The first end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the gear transmission box. The second end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected to the frame of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism. The end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to a driving spur gear through a pin key. The driving spur gear is meshed with a driven spur gear. The driven spur gear is fixedly connected to a crank rocker through a pin key. A rocker support frame and a limit frame are fixed to the rear plate. The limit frame is movably connected to the crank rocker through a groove. A limit shaft is arranged at the bottom of the limit frame. A reciprocating cutter is arranged at the bottom of the limit shaft. The reciprocating cutter is fixedly connected to the rear plate through a fixing pin.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an adjustable and self-adaptive method for trimming roots and cutting stems of a garlic harvester, including:

[0016] The garlic plants are fed into the feeding port of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism in a naturally drooping state by the lifting mechanism and are clamped and conveyed obliquely upward.

[0017] When the garlic plants move to the flexible clamping and root trimming adjustment mechanism, the garlic plants are straightened and the height of the garlic position is maintained by the alignment adjustment device.

[0018] The height of the garlic bulbs is adjusted by the spring pressing device on the flexible floating plate to align them, so that they can smoothly enter the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism.

[0019] The reduction motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the brush roller to rotate through the drive shaft. After the soil cleaning work is completed, through the cooperation of the spring floating pressing device and the adjustable profiling plate, the garlic is stably fixed on the adjustable profiling plate, which is convenient for the six-edge cutting knife to cut the roots.

[0020] After the cutting is completed, the second soil cleaning and root trimming work is immediately carried out. At the same time, after the top of the garlic bulb is secondarily aligned by the flexible clamping and root trimming adjustment mechanism, the reciprocating cutting knife mechanism is controlled to start reciprocating motion to cut the garlic stems, completing the separation of the bulb and the garlic stem.

[0021] In a possible implementation manner, the calculation formula for the rotational speed of the belt pulley of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism is:

[0022]

[0023] where v C is the linear speed of the belt of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, v m is the forward speed of the garlic combine harvester, k is a proportionality coefficient, n p is the rotational speed of the belt pulley, and r p is the pitch circle radius of the belt pulley;

[0024] The calculation formula for the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter in the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism is:

[0025]

[0026] where F T is the resultant force of the pushing force of the bulb by the dial and the chain tension, f is the frictional force perpendicular and parallel to the cutting edge, β is the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter, F N is the pressure of the garlic bulb on the stem disc, f s is the cutting resistance of the stem disc, and u is the friction factor between the stem disc and the cutter.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0028] In this application, the position of garlic is adjusted by the lifting and guiding mechanism to ensure its precise docking and smooth entry into the belt clamping and conveying system, realizing the stable conveying of garlic, avoiding problems such as displacement and jamming during the transmission process, and ensuring that garlic smoothly enters the next processing link.

[0029] Based on the principle of adaptive pressing, a spring floating pressing device is designed in this application to realize the adaptive adjustment of the garlic position, so as to ensure that the garlic is stably positioned on the adjustable profiling plate, facilitating the precise removal of the root whiskers by the six-edge cutting knife. At the same time, based on the principle of mechanical scraping, a brush roller soil cleaning mechanism is designed. Through the rotational movement of the brush roller in contact with the garlic roots, using the frictional force between the bristles and the soil and the mechanical scraping effect, the soil attached to the garlic roots is removed, realizing efficient whisker cutting and soil cleaning operations.

[0030] In this application, the adjustable profiling plate realizes the precise adjustment of its vertical and horizontal positions through an adjustable connection mechanism, so that the profiling plate can adjust the height and width according to different working conditions or crop shapes to ensure the best adaptability. The parameters of key components are optimized through multi-flexible body dynamics coupling simulation. A quality prediction model for root cutting operations is established through bench tests and double-objective optimization solutions are carried out, and a design method verified by cyclic tests is used to achieve the operating requirements of low garlic damage rate and high net cutting rate for the adjustable adaptive root and stem cutting device of the garlic harvester. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adjustable adaptive whisker and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting and guiding mechanism provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a bottom view schematic diagram of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a front view of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the pressing wheel provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the tensioning pulley provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the flexible clamping whisker cutting adjustment mechanism provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 8Top view of the flexible clamping and whisker trimming adjustment mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the spring floating pressing device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 10 Schematic structural diagram of the adjustable profiling plate provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the adjustable profiling plate provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 12 Schematic structural diagram of the reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Among them, Figures 1 - 12 In the figure, the symbols are represented as follows: 1 - motor, 2 - reciprocating cutter and stem cutting mechanism, 3 - belt clamping and conveying mechanism, 4 - spring floating pressing device, 5 - brush roller soil cleaning mechanism, 6 - alignment adjustment device, 7 - lifting mechanism, 8 - lever, 9 - lifting bottom plate, 10 - adjusting square tube, 11 - elbow pipe, 12 - lifting adjustment rod, 13 - spring, 14 - movable rod, 15 - support frame, 16 - front pulley, 17 - rear pulley, 18 - tensioning pulley, 19 - pressing wheel, 20 - mud scraping plate, 21 - pressing wheel support plate, 22 - tensioning wheel support plate, 23 - tensioning wheel support board, 24 - first belt, 25 - first transmission shaft sleeve, 26 - frame, 27 - pulley, 28 - roller, 29 - roller support, 30 - second belt, 31 - adjustment frame, 32 - connecting frame, 33 - support board, 34 - connecting frame, 35 - flexible floating plate, 36 - adjustable profiling plate, 37 - six-edge cutting knife, 38 - brush roller motor, 39 - six-edge cutting knife motor, 40 - upper profiling plate, 41 - middle profiling plate, 42 - lower profiling plate, 43 - profiling plate support, 44 - up and down adjustment straight slot, 45 - front and back adjustment straight slot, 46 - second transmission shaft, 47 - gear transmission box, 48 - second transmission shaft sleeve, 49 - driving spur gear, 50 - driven spur gear, 51 - crank rocker, 52 - rear plate, 53 - rocker support frame, 54 - limit frame, 55 - limit shaft, 56 - reciprocating cutter. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] The following combines the drawings and the detailed implementation manners to elaborate on this solution.

[0045] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adjustable and self-adaptive whisker trimming and stem cutting device for a garlic harvester provided by the embodiment of the present application. Refer to Figure 1, An adjustable and self - adaptive garlic root - trimming and stem - cutting device in this embodiment includes: a controller and a lifting mechanism 7, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3, a flexible clamping and root - trimming adjusting mechanism, and a reciprocating cutting knife and stem - cutting mechanism 2 that are electrically connected to the controller. Among them, the lifting mechanism 7 is used to straighten the stem of the garlic according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guide it to the entrance of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. The controller controls the reciprocating cutting knife and stem - cutting mechanism 2 to cut off the roots and stems of the garlic after the adjustment process of the flexible clamping and root - trimming adjusting mechanism.

[0046] See Figure 2 , in this embodiment, the lifting mechanism includes a dial rod 8. The first end of the dial rod 8 is welded to the lifting bottom plate 9. The second end of the dial rod 8 is suspended 30 degrees above the front belt pulley 16 of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3 with the adjusting square tube 10. The first end of the adjusting square tube 10 is welded to the lifting bottom plate 9. The second end of the adjusting square tube 10 is connected to the elbow tube 11 through a pin shaft. The elbow tube 11 is fixedly connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. The first end of the lifting adjusting rod 12 is fixedly connected to the lifting bottom plate 9. The second end of the lifting adjusting rod 12 is fixedly connected to the first end of a spring 13. The second end of the spring 13 is connected to a movable rod 14 arranged on the bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. The movable rod 14 moves on the bracket of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3 to pull the spring 13.

[0047] The lifting mechanism 7 adjusts the dial rod 8 by adjusting the corresponding nodes. During the harvesting process, when the garlic plants lean left and right, the belt clamping and conveying mechanism cannot effectively clamp them. The lifting mechanism 7 adjusts the growth posture of the garlic through the dial rod 8, pulling the left - and - right - leaning plants closer to the middle. At this time, the garlic plants will be straightened due to their own stiffness, which is beneficial for the belt clamping and conveying mechanism to clamp, thereby ensuring the precise docking of the garlic and smoothly entering the conveying system, effectively avoiding problems such as falling off or damage of the garlic caused by incorrect plant postures or external forces at the initial stage of transmission, laying a foundation for subsequent stable root - trimming and stem - cutting operations, and ensuring that the garlic can smoothly enter each processing link. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of uneven land where garlic is planted, a lifting adjusting rod 12 is added. The lifting adjusting rod 12 controls the lifting mechanism 7 through the elastic force of the first spring 13, thereby adjusting the position of the lifting mechanism 7 on the land to achieve better contact with the garlic plants.

[0048] See Figures 3 to 6In this embodiment, the belt clamping conveying mechanism 3 includes a support frame 15 arranged in parallel, and the front and rear ends of the support frame 15 are respectively fixed with a front pulley 16 and a rear pulley 17. Four sets of tensioning pulleys 18 are arranged at equal intervals between the front pulley 16 and the rear pulley 17. Among them, a pressure wheel 19 is arranged between the front pulley 16 and the first tensioning pulley 18, and a scraper 20 is arranged on one side of the pressure wheel 19. The scraper 20 is fixed to the first end of the pressure wheel bracket plate 21. The second end of the pressure wheel support plate 21 contacts the pressure wheel 19, the first end of the tension wheel support plate 22 is fixedly connected to the first end of the tension wheel support plate 23, and the tension wheel support plate 23 is welded to the support frame 15. The second end of the tension wheel support plate 22 contacts the tension pulley 18. The front pulley 16, the tension pulley 18, the rear pulley 17, and the pressure wheel 19 are connected by a first belt 24. The surface of the first belt 24 is provided with a non-slip rubber layer. When garlic passes through the belt clamping conveyor mechanism 3, the first belt 24 contacts the garlic stems. The first belt 24 adjusts the position of the front pulley 16, the tension pulley 18, the rear pulley 17, and the pressure wheel through the pressure wheel support plate 21 to adjust the tightness of the first belt, preventing the garlic plants from being missed due to their small diameter.

[0049] See also Figure 4 In this embodiment, the belt clamping and conveying mechanism also includes a motor 1, which is fixed on the motor box. The motor 1 is rotatably connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft through a gear, and the second end of the first transmission shaft is transmission-connected to the rear pulley 17 through a pin key. A first transmission shaft sleeve 25 is provided outside the first transmission shaft, and the bottom end of the motor box is fixedly connected to the first end of the first transmission shaft sleeve 25, and the second end of the first transmission shaft sleeve 25 is fixedly connected to the support frame 15.

[0050] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8, in this embodiment, the flexible clamping and whisker adjusting mechanism includes a frame 26 arranged in parallel. At both ends of the frame 26, pulley wheels 27 are respectively arranged. Between the pulley wheels 27, a roller 28 is arranged. The roller 28 is arranged on the frame 26 through a roller bracket 29. The pulley wheels 27 and the roller 28 are drivingly connected by a second belt 30. On the end surfaces of the frame 26, an adjusting frame 31 and a connecting frame 32 are respectively arranged. The adjusting frame 31 is provided with a plurality of adjusting openings. The first end of the adjusting frame 31 is movably connected to the frame 26, and the second end of the adjusting frame 31 is movably connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. At the middle position of the connecting frame 31, a rotating bracket is arranged. The first end of the connecting frame 32 is fixedly connected to the frame 26, and the second end of the connecting frame 32 is connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. At the middle position of the bottom of the frame 26, a flexible adjusting device is arranged, and the flexible adjusting device is fixedly connected to the frame 26. When the adjusting frame is adjusted, the screw nuts are respectively moved to different adjusting openings.

[0051] See further Figure 7 and Figure 9 , in this embodiment, the flexible adjusting device includes a support plate 33. The support plate 33 is fixedly connected to the frame 26 through a connecting frame 34. At the bottom of the support plate, a flexible floating plate 35 is arranged. On the flexible floating plate 35, a spring floating pressing device 4 is fixedly arranged. At the bottom of the flexible floating plate 35, a brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5 is arranged. At the outlet of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5, an adjustable profiling plate 36 is arranged. At the bottom of the adjustable profiling plate 36, a six-edge cutting knife 37 is arranged. The adjustable profiling plate 36 is fixedly connected to the support plate 33 through a connecting frame 34. The brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5 and the six-edge cutting knife 37 are respectively driven by a brush roller motor 38 and a six-edge cutting knife motor 39. In this embodiment, the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism 5 is composed of components such as a brush roller motor, a transmission shaft, and a brush roller. According to the principle of mechanical scraping, the brush roller motor drives the brush roller to rotate at a high speed through the transmission shaft. The surface of the brush roller is covered with dense and elastic bristles. When the garlic moves forward through the alignment adjusting device, the rotating brush roller contacts the roots of the garlic. Friction and mechanical scraping actions are generated between the bristles and the soil, effectively and gently removing the soil attached to the roots of the garlic. The rotation speed of the brush roller and the contact distance with the roots of the garlic can be adjusted through the adjusting mechanism to adapt to different soil humidities and attachment conditions, so as to avoid damaging the roots of the garlic while ensuring the soil cleaning effect.

[0052] See Figure 10 and Figure 11, in this embodiment, the adjustable profiling plate 36 includes an upper profiling plate 40, a middle profiling plate 41, and a lower profiling plate 42. The upper profiling plate 40, the middle profiling plate 41, and the lower profiling plate 42 are connected by a profiling plate bracket 43. An up-and-down adjustment straight slot 44 and a front-and-back adjustment straight slot 45 are provided on the upper profiling plate 40. The shape of the adjustable profiling plate is designed to match the common shape of the garlic roots. It can accurately adjust its up-and-down and horizontal positions through the adjustment straight slots according to different working conditions or crop shapes. During the whisker cutting operation, the profiling plate can closely fit the garlic roots, providing an accurate cutting reference for the six-edge cutting knife, thus ensuring the accurate removal of the root whiskers, improving the cutting efficiency and avoiding damaging the bottom of the garlic.

[0053] , in this embodiment, the spring floating pressing device in the flexible clamping whisker cutting adjustment mechanism works based on the principle of adaptive pressing. It can automatically adjust the magnitude and direction of the pressing force according to the change of the garlic position. When the shape of the garlic is irregular or its position shifts, the spring will deform, making the pressing plate always fit the garlic. This keeps the garlic in a stable state and allows it to smoothly enter the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism. In addition, to prevent blockage, a set of rollers is assembled on the pressing plate to ensure that the garlic can be stably positioned on the adjustable profiling plate and pass through smoothly, thus providing a stable basis for the six-edge cutting knife and ensuring the precise removal of the root whiskers, improving the accuracy and success rate of whisker cutting.

[0054] The motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the second transmission shaft to drive the brush roller to rotate at a high speed. The bristles contact the garlic roots, and the soil on the garlic roots is removed through friction. By adjusting the rotation speed of the brush roller and the contact mode with the roots, different soil conditions can be adapted to ensure the soil cleaning effect and avoid damaging the garlic roots. After the garlic is cleaned of soil, it enters the area of the adjustable profiling plate. The adjustment mechanism of the adjustable profiling plate can be adjusted front and back, up and down to adapt to the morphological characteristics of garlic roots of different sizes, ensuring that the profiling plate closely fits the garlic roots and providing an accurate cutting reference for the cutting knife. The shape of the profiling plate after precise adjustment can perfectly match the roots of the garlic, ensuring that the six-edge cutting knife accurately cuts off the whiskers.

[0055] See Figure 12, in this embodiment, the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism 2 includes a second transmission shaft 46. The top of the second transmission shaft 46 is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft gear through a pin key. The transmission shaft gear is in transmission connection with a motor gear through a transmission chain in a gear transmission box 47. A second transmission shaft sleeve 48 is arranged outside the second transmission shaft. The first end of the second transmission shaft sleeve 48 is fixedly connected to the gear transmission box 47. The second end of the second transmission shaft sleeve 48 is fixedly connected to the frame 26 of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism 3. The end of the second transmission shaft 46 is connected to a driving spur gear 49 through a pin key. The driving spur gear 49 is in meshing connection with a driven spur gear 50. The driven spur gear 50 is fixedly connected to a crank rocker 51 through a pin key. A rocker support frame 53 and a limit frame 54 are fixed to the rear plate 52. The limit frame 54 is movably connected to the crank rocker 51 through a groove. A limit shaft 55 is arranged at the bottom of the limit frame 54. A reciprocating cutter 56 is arranged at the bottom of the limit shaft 55. The reciprocating cutter 56 is fixedly connected to the rear plate 52 through a fixing pin.

[0056] In this embodiment, the motor drives the crank-slider mechanism to achieve reciprocating linear motion. Since the disc cutter is prone to clogging problems during the stem cutting process, the use of a reciprocating cutter can effectively avoid this situation. When the garlic stem is conveyed to the lower part of the cutter, the cutter moves quickly back and forth at a predetermined frequency and stroke under the drive of the crank-slider mechanism, precisely cutting the garlic stem neatly. The motion parameters of the cutter can be adjusted according to the growth situation and harvesting requirements of the garlic to ensure the best cutting effect.

[0057] Corresponding to the adjustable and adaptive beard and stem cutting device of a garlic harvester provided in the above embodiment, the present application also provides an embodiment of a method for an adjustable and adaptive beard and stem cutting of a garlic harvester.

[0058] A method for an adjustable and adaptive beard and stem cutting of a garlic harvester provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0059] S101, during operation, the garlic plants are fed into the feeding port of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism in a naturally drooping state through the lifting mechanism and are clamped and conveyed obliquely upward.

[0060] S102, when the garlic plants move to the flexible clamping beard cutting adjustment mechanism, the garlic plants are straightened and the position height of the garlic is maintained through the alignment adjustment device.

[0061] S103, use the spring pressing device on the flexible floating plate to adjust the height of the garlic head to make it aligned, so as to smoothly enter the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism.

[0062] S104. The reduction motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the brush roller to rotate through the drive shaft. After the soil cleaning work is completed, through the cooperation of the spring floating pressing device and the adjustable profiling plate, the garlic is stably fixed on the adjustable profiling plate, facilitating the root cutting by the six-edge cutting knife.

[0063] S105. After the cutting is completed, the second soil cleaning and beard cutting work is immediately carried out. At the same time, after the top of the garlic bulb is secondarily aligned by the flexible clamping beard cutting adjustment mechanism, the reciprocating cutting knife mechanism is controlled to start reciprocating motion to cut the garlic stem, completing the separation of the bulb and the garlic stem.

[0064] In the design method of the garlic harvester in this embodiment, for the calculation of the belt pulley speed of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a belt pulley clamping motion equation is established, and based on the geometric relationship between the forward speed and the belt conveying speed in the pulling stage, the belt pulley speed is adjusted. The calculation formula for the belt pulley speed is:

[0065]

[0066] where, v C is the linear speed of the belt of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, v m is the forward speed of the garlic combine harvester, k is the proportionality coefficient, n p is the belt pulley speed, r p is the pitch circle radius of the belt pulley.

[0067] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the harvesting effect of garlic and avoid damage to the garlic bulb during the harvesting process, based on the self-adaptive adjustment principle of the spring, a spring floating pressing device composed of a spring and a flexible floating plate structure is designed in the flexible clamping beard cutting adjustment mechanism. This device can ensure that the garlic maintains a stable pressing force throughout the harvesting process. Among them, the compression force of the spring floating pressing device is determined by the elastic coefficient and the compression amount of the spring, and the calculation formula is:

[0068] F = k·Δx

[0069] where, F is the compression force of the spring (N), k is the elastic coefficient of the spring (N / m), and Δx is the compression amount of the spring (m).

[0070] Construct a cutting mechanical model for the reciprocating cutter to cut the stem, and determine the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter to cut the stem. Within the range of the garlic stem pulling force, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] where, F T is the resultant force of the bulb receiving the pushing force of the dial and the chain tension, f is the friction force perpendicular to the cutting edge and parallel to the cutting edge direction, β is the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter, FN is the pressure of the garlic bulb on the stem plate, f s is the cutting resistance of the stem plate, and μ is the friction factor between the stem plate and the cutter.

[0073] In the design process of this embodiment, a simplified assembly model of the adjustable adaptive whisker and stem cutting device is constructed. The reconstructed model is imported into the RecurDyn software, and constraints Joint, motion Motion, force Force, and contact Conact conditions are defined for kinematic simulation to analyze the motion performance of each mechanism and optimize the design parameters. By constructing a discrete element model of the plant and the soil, discrete element simulation is carried out to verify the contact situation between the soil and the garlic plant, ensuring good mechanical scraping and soil cleaning effects. In addition, EDEM-RecurDyn is used for coupled simulation to verify the operation effects under different soil conditions, providing data support for the design of the key components of the device.

[0074] Determine the optimal working parameters of the adjustable adaptive whisker and stem cutting device and conduct a bench test. During the test, the Box-Behnken central composite test method is adopted, and the experimental data is subjected to regression analysis and variance analysis through the Design-Expert 8.0.5 software to establish a prediction model for the quality of the whisker cutting operation. Through double-objective optimization solution, the optimal combination of working parameters is determined and verified through experiments to ensure that the working effect of the garlic harvester reaches the best.

[0075] In the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the situation of A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0076] It should be noted that in this article, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0077] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the said claims.

Claims

1. An adjustable and self-adaptive device for trimming garlic roots and stems of a garlic harvester, characterized in that, Including: A controller and a garlic holding mechanism, a belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible clamping and whisker trimming and adjusting mechanism, and a reciprocating cutter for cutting the garlic stems, which are electrically connected to the controller; the flexible clamping and whisker trimming and adjusting mechanism includes a frame arranged in parallel, belt pulleys are respectively arranged at both ends of the frame, a roller is arranged between the belt pulleys, the roller is arranged on the frame through a roller bracket, the belt pulleys and the roller are connected by a belt in transmission, adjusting frames and connecting frames are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the frame, a plurality of adjusting openings are arranged on the adjusting frame, the first end of the adjusting frame is movably connected to the frame, the second end of the adjusting frame is movably connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a rotating bracket is arranged at the middle position of the connecting frame, the first end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to the frame, the second end of the connecting frame is connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, a flexible adjusting device is arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the frame, and the flexible adjusting device is fixedly connected to the frame; the flexible adjusting device includes a support plate, the support plate is fixedly connected to the frame through a connecting frame, a flexible floating plate is arranged at the bottom of the support plate, a spring floating and pressing device is fixedly arranged on the flexible floating plate, a brush roller soil cleaning mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the flexible floating plate, an adjustable profiling plate is arranged at the outlet of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism, a six-edge cutting knife is arranged at the bottom of the adjustable profiling plate, the adjustable profiling plate is fixedly connected to the support plate through a connecting frame, and the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism and the six-edge cutting knife are respectively driven by a brush roller motor and a six-edge cutting knife motor; the garlic holding mechanism is used to straighten the stems of the garlic according to the growth posture of the garlic and then guide them to the entrance of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, and the controller controls the reciprocating cutter for cutting the garlic stems to cut off the roots and stems of the garlic after the adjustment and processing of the flexible clamping and whisker trimming and adjusting mechanism.

2. The adjustable and self-adaptive garlic cutting and stem cutting device of the garlic harvester according to claim 1, wherein, The garlic holding mechanism includes a dial rod, the first end of the dial rod is welded to the garlic holding bottom plate, the second end of the dial rod is suspended above the front belt pulley of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism at a preset angle with the adjusting square tube, the first end of the adjusting square tube is welded to the garlic holding bottom plate, the second end of the adjusting square tube is connected to a bent tube through a pin shaft, and the bent tube is fixedly connected to the belt clamping and conveying mechanism; the first end of the garlic holding adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the garlic holding bottom plate, the second end of the garlic holding adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the first end of a spring, and the second end of the spring is connected to a movable rod arranged on the belt clamping and conveying mechanism bracket, and the movable rod moves on the belt clamping and conveying mechanism bracket to pull the spring.

3. The adjustable and self-adaptive beard and stem cutting device of the garlic harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The belt clamping and conveying mechanism includes support frames arranged in parallel. A front belt pulley and a rear belt pulley are respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the support frames. A plurality of tension belt pulleys are equidistantly arranged between the front belt pulley and the rear belt pulley. A pressing wheel is arranged between the front belt pulley and the first tension belt pulley. A mud scraping plate is arranged on one side of the pressing wheel. The mud scraping plate is fixedly connected with the first end of the pressing wheel support plate. The second end of the pressing wheel support plate is in contact with the pressing wheel. The first end of the tension wheel support plate is fixedly connected with the first end of the tension belt pulley support plate. The tension belt pulley support plate is welded on the support frames. The second end of the tension wheel support plate is in contact with the tension belt pulley. The front belt pulley, the tension belt pulley, the rear belt pulley and the pressing wheel are connected by a first belt in transmission. An anti-slip rubber layer is arranged on the surface of the first belt.

4. The adjustable and self-adaptive beard and stem cutting device of the garlic harvester according to claim 3, wherein, The belt clamping and conveying mechanism further includes a motor. The motor is fixed on the motor box. The motor is rotationally connected with the first end of the first transmission shaft through a gear. The second end of the first transmission shaft is in transmission connection with the rear belt pulley through a pin key. A first transmission shaft sleeve is arranged outside the first transmission shaft. The bottom end of the motor box is fixedly connected with the first end of the first transmission shaft sleeve. The second end of the first transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with the support frames.

5. The adjustable and self-adaptive garlic harvesting machine's beard and stem cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable profiling plate includes an upper profiling plate, a middle profiling plate and a lower profiling plate. The upper profiling plate, the middle profiling plate and the lower profiling plate are connected through profiling plate brackets. An up-and-down adjustment straight slot and a front-and-back adjustment straight slot are arranged on the upper profiling plate.

6. The adjustable and self-adaptive garlic harvesting machine's beard and stem cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reciprocating cutting knife and stem cutting mechanism includes a second transmission shaft. The top of the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected with a transmission shaft gear through a pin key. The transmission shaft gear is in transmission connection with a motor gear through a transmission chain in a gear transmission box. A second transmission shaft sleeve is arranged outside the second transmission shaft. The first end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with the gear transmission box. The second end of the second transmission shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with the frame of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism. The end of the second transmission shaft is in connection with a driving spur gear through a pin key. The driving spur gear is meshed with a driven spur gear. The driven spur gear is in connection with a crank rocker through a pin key. A rocker support frame and a limit frame are fixed on the rear plate. The limit frame is movably connected with the crank rocker through a groove. A limit shaft is arranged at the bottom of the limit frame. A reciprocating cutting knife is arranged at the bottom of the limit shaft. The reciprocating cutting knife is fixedly connected with the rear plate through a fixing pin.

7. An adjustable and adaptive method for cutting whiskers and stems of a garlic harvester, using the adjustable and adaptive device for cutting whiskers and stems of the garlic harvester according to any one of claims 1-6, including: Garlic plants are fed into the feeding port of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism in a naturally drooping state and are clamped and conveyed obliquely upward. When the garlic plants move to the flexible clamping and whisker cutting adjustment mechanism, the garlic plants are straightened and the height of the garlic positions is maintained through the alignment adjustment device. The height of the garlic bulbs is adjusted by the spring pressing device on the flexible floating plate to align them, so as to smoothly enter the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism. The reduction motor of the brush roller soil cleaning mechanism drives the brush roller to rotate through the drive shaft. After the soil cleaning work is completed, through the cooperation of the spring floating pressing device and the adjustable profiling plate, the garlic is stably fixed on the adjustable profiling plate, facilitating the root cutting by the six-edge cutting knife; After the cutting is completed, the second soil cleaning and whisker cutting work is immediately carried out. At the same time, after the top of the garlic head is secondarily aligned by the flexible clamping whisker cutting adjustment mechanism, the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism is controlled to start reciprocating motion to cut the garlic stem, completing the separation of the bulb and the garlic stem.

8. The adjustable and self-adaptive method for trimming roots and stems of the garlic harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that, The calculation formula for the rotational speed of the pulley of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism is: Among them, v C is the linear velocity of the belt of the belt clamping and conveying mechanism, v m is the forward speed of the garlic combine harvester, k is the proportionality coefficient, n p is the pulley rotation speed, r p is the pitch circle radius of the pulley; The calculation formula for the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter in the reciprocating cutter stem cutting mechanism is: Among them, F T is the resultant force of the pushing force of the dial wheel and the pulling force of the chain on the bulb, f is the frictional force perpendicular and parallel to the cutting edge, β is the cutting angle of the reciprocating cutter, F N is the pressure of the garlic bulb on the stem plate, f s is the cutting resistance of the stem plate, and u is the friction factor between the stem plate and the cutter.

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