Close planting cultivation technical method for dwarf feeding type China-hemp

Abstract

The invention discloses a close planting cultivation technical method for dwarf feeding type China-hemp, and belongs to the technical field of hemp cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a China-hemp variety of which the plant height is less than or equal to 160cm and the whole growth period is less than or equal to 100 days; the accumulated temperature of the planting area is greater than or equal to 10 DEG C, the active accumulated temperature is 1900 DEG C, and the planting time is from mid-to-late April to mid-to-late May; a land parcel or marginal soil with neutral or slightly alkaline soil is selected, the tilling depth needs to be 20-25 cm for soil preparation, and plowing, raking, rotary tillage and pressing treatment are conducted; mechanical flat sowing is adopted, a 12-48-row grain sowing machine is adopted for sowing, and the row spacing is 15-30 cm; the fertilizing amount and method should be comprehensively determined according to factors such as variety growth cycle, climatic characteristics of a planting field, soil fertility and the like; harvesting in a light ripening stage (flowering stage) or a seed mature stage. Highly mechanized operation in the planting process is achieved, labor input is reduced, working efficiency is improved, and meanwhile agricultural mechanized planting and harvesting are beneficial to guaranteeing the quality of raw material products in a unified operation mode. The technical method fills the blank of the feeding type China-hemp planting technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hemp cultivation, in particular to a technical method for densely planting dwarf-stalk forage hemp. Background Art

[0002] Hemp, also known as industrial hemp, is an important high-value economic crop. It is currently widely used in agricultural planting, textiles, papermaking, medical care, new materials and other fields. As an environmentally friendly plant resource, hemp itself has very good environmental adaptability, stress resistance and high yield. It is an industry that is supported by provinces such as Heilongjiang and Yunnan. With the development of the industry, different types of varieties such as fiber, seed, medicinal and dual-purpose varieties have been cultivated successively. There are also many studies on dryland cultivation technologies such as fiber hemp planting and cultivation technology, original breeding technology, and high-yield planting technology of medical hemp, which provide important support for the healthy and rapid development of the industry.

[0003] In recent years, the development of cash crops for feed has become an important way to utilize agricultural and sideline products. Reducing the amount of soybean meal used for feed and building a diversified food supply system for grain, cash crops and feed are important research directions for the feed industry. As an important region for the development of the whole industrial chain processing of agricultural products such as soybeans, the Northeast region will effectively alleviate the current shortage of high-quality forage by building a food and feed industry cluster, strengthening the quality and safety control of edible agricultural products and product testing, promoting the reduction of veterinary antibiotics and accelerating the development and utilization of cash crop feed. As an important cash crop, research has confirmed that hemp seeds and bran are rich in nutrients, with a crude protein content of more than 24% and a crude fat content of more than 30%. At the same time, it contains high-quality dietary fiber. Its high nutritional value can be used as a high-quality protein and dietary fiber feed in livestock breeding such as sheep and pigs. In addition, its protein has the characteristics of low allergenicity and easy digestibility. The leaves are rich in flavonoids, polyphenols and polysaccharides, which have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Using it as a feed additive can effectively reduce the occurrence of animal inflammation and is a rare raw material for reducing the amount of feed antibiotics. At present, the abuse of antibiotics has led to serious excessive drug residues in animals, which directly affects consumer health and product quality. Therefore, hemp raw materials, as health-care nutritious feed that can replace or reduce the use of antibiotics, have huge room for market application. However, at present, there is limited reference information for research on hemp feeding, and there are only a few evaluations on the feasibility of feeding such as seeds and bran, and research on raw material planting technology has been blank. Carrying out research and development of planting technology for hemp in the field of feeding can effectively guarantee the supply capacity of the source of the industry and play a role in technical support. This is of great practical significance for expanding the current application field of hemp raw materials, improving the utilization rate and added value of the whole plant, and promoting the integration of the hemp industry into the cycle of breeding and planting to extend the industrial chain. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of the current blank in the cultivation technology of forage hemp raw materials, and to provide a technical method for the dense planting of dwarf forage hemp. The method forms an efficient cultivation technical method suitable for dwarf and densely planted forage hemp varieties in northern my country by reasonably solving different technical problems such as variety selection, planting density, mechanical sowing method, and harvest period selection.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A technical method for densely planting dwarf forage hemp, the method comprising:

[0007] (1) Variety selection: Select hemp varieties with plant height ≤160 cm and full growth period ≤100 days;

[0008] (2) Planting conditions and time: The accumulated temperature in the planting area is ≥10°C and the active accumulated temperature is 1900°C. The planting time is from mid-to-late April to mid-to-late May;

[0009] (3) Land selection: For plots of neutral or alkaline soil or marginal soil, the land should be plowed to a depth of 20 to 25 cm, and then raked, rotary tilled, and compacted;

[0010] (4) Reasonable density planting: mechanical flat sowing, using a 12-48 row grain seeder with a row spacing of 15-30 cm;

[0011] (5) Fertilization: The amount and method of fertilization should be determined based on the variety growth cycle, climate characteristics of the planting area, soil fertility and other factors (based on the characteristics of the variety, soil climate and other conditions in the planting area, such as a long growth period, weak soil fertility, and poor fertilizer and water retention, the base fertilizer can be appropriately increased, the fertilizer ratio and the number of topdressing can be adjusted);

[0012] (6) Mowing method: Two mowing methods

[0013] Harvest at the light maturity stage (flowering stage): The stems and leaves are harvested 60 to 70 days after seedlings. At this time, the plant development stage enters the flowering stage, the proportion of tender stems and leaves is high, and the content of effective substances such as cannabinoids in the flowers and leaves reaches the highest. According to the actual situation, it can be harvested manually or by a mower;

[0014] Harvest at seed maturity stage: Harvest should be done when more than 75% of the seeds of the whole plant are mature and 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the old leaves at the base of the plant are yellow and fall off. At this time, the crude fat and protein content in the seeds reaches the highest, and they are harvested manually or by a mower.

[0015] Furthermore, in (1), the number of effective branches of the hemp variety is ≤3 or has no branches.

[0016] Furthermore, in (2), the planting area is mainly selected from the northern part of my country. At present, the main provinces for hemp planting are Heilongjiang Province and Yunnan Province. According to the characteristics of hemp varieties, climatic conditions, industrialization basis and comprehensive economic benefits of agricultural planting, the northern provinces of my country, especially Heilongjiang, are the main areas of industrial clusters, which are more conducive to its development for feeding.

[0017] Furthermore, in (3), the soil pH must satisfy 7 ≤ pH ≤ 8.7.

[0018] Furthermore, in (4), if the variety has low branching (effective branch number ≤ 3), the row spacing is selected to be 15-20 cm; if the variety has strong branching (effective branches ≥ 5), the row spacing is 20 cm < row spacing ≤ 30 cm, and the plant spacing is 5-10 cm. Alternatively, according to the variety characteristics such as the male-female ratio, an effective sowing density of 35-130 seeds / ㎡ is selected, and the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.

[0019] Furthermore, in (5), hemp absorbs more nitrogen fertilizer and relatively less phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the entire growth cycle. Usually, compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at one time, and N:P:K=18:15:15 or 15:15:15 is selected. In the later stage, according to the growth of the plants, humic acid liquid fertilizer is sprayed during the rapid growth period to increase biomass (diammonium phosphate is diluted and sprayed on the leaves, which is particularly suitable for harvesting in the light maturity period and can effectively increase the aboveground biomass).

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: the present invention discloses a method for the cultivation of hemp for feeding with flat sowing and dense planting, which adopts mechanical flat sowing technology to overcome the problem of high cost of artificial sowing and planting of medicinal and seed varieties in the past; the dense planting method is adopted, weeds grow less, and no additional weeding is required during the management process, which not only saves costs, but also reduces the application of pesticides, reduces environmental burden and residual pollution, and ensures the quality of raw materials; the entire planting and harvesting is simple and easy to operate, especially the harvesting by reaper during the harvest period, which realizes the highly mechanized operation of the planting process, reduces labor input, and improves work efficiency. At the same time, agricultural mechanized planting and harvesting is also conducive to ensuring the quality and quality of raw materials under a unified operation mode. This technical method fills the gap in the planting technology of hemp for feeding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the weight of flowers, leaves and stems at different harvest periods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but is not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Embodiment 1:

[0024] A technical method for densely planting dwarf forage hemp, the method comprising:

[0025] (1) Variety selection: Select hemp varieties with a plant height of ≤160 cm and a full growth period of ≤100 days; the number of effective branches of the hemp variety is ≤3;

[0026] (2) Planting conditions and time: The accumulated temperature in the planting area is ≥10℃ and the active accumulated temperature is 1900℃. The planting time is from mid-to-late April to mid-to-late May. The planting area is mainly selected in northern my country. At present, the main provinces for hemp planting are Heilongjiang Province and Yunnan Province. According to the characteristics of hemp varieties, climatic conditions, industrialization foundation and comprehensive economic benefits of agricultural planting, the northern provinces of my country, especially Heilongjiang Province, are the main areas of industrial clusters, which are more conducive to its development as feed.

[0027] (3) Land selection: For neutral soil or marginal soil, the land should be tilled to a depth of 20 to 25 cm, and then raked, rotary tilled, and compacted;

[0028] (4) Reasonable density planting: mechanical flat sowing, using a 12-48 row grain seeder, with a row spacing of 15-30 cm. If the variety has low branching (the number of effective branches is ≤3), the row spacing should be 15-20 cm;

[0029] (5) Fertilization: The amount and method of fertilization should be determined based on the variety's growth cycle, the climate characteristics of the planting site, soil fertility and other factors (for example, if the growth period is long, the temperature is low, and the soil fertility is weak, the number of base fertilizers and topdressing fertilizers can be appropriately increased, and the conditions of each planting site are different); hemp absorbs more nitrogen fertilizers and less phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the entire growth cycle. Usually, compound fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, N:P:K=18:15:15. In the later stage, according to the growth of the plants, consider spraying humic acid liquid fertilizer during the rapid growth period to increase biomass (diammonium phosphate is diluted and sprayed on the leaves, which is especially suitable for harvesting in the light maturity period and can effectively increase the aboveground biomass).

[0030] (6) Mowing method: Two mowing methods

[0031] Harvest at the light maturity stage (flowering stage): The stems and leaves are harvested 60 to 70 days after seedlings. At this time, the plant development stage enters the flowering stage, the proportion of tender stems and leaves is high, and the content of effective substances such as cannabinoids in the flowers and leaves reaches the highest. According to the actual situation, it can be harvested manually or by a mower;

[0032] Harvest at seed maturity stage: Harvest should be done when more than 75% of the seeds of the whole plant are mature and 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the old leaves at the base of the plant are yellow and fall off. At this time, the crude fat and protein content in the seeds reaches the highest, and they are harvested manually or by a mower.

[0033] Embodiment 2:

[0034] A technical method for densely planting dwarf forage hemp, the method comprising:

[0035] (1) Variety selection: Select a hemp variety with a plant height of ≤160 cm and a full growth period of ≤100 days; the hemp variety has no branches.

[0036] (2) Planting conditions and time: The accumulated temperature in the planting area is ≥10℃ and the active accumulated temperature is 1900℃. The planting time is from mid-to-late April to mid-to-late May. The planting area is mainly selected in the northern part of my country.

[0037] (3) Land selection: For alkaline soil or marginal soil, the land should be tilled to a depth of 20 to 25 cm, and then raked, rotary tilled and compacted;

[0038] (4) Reasonable density planting: mechanical flat sowing is adopted, and a 12-48-row grain seeder is used for sowing, with a row spacing of 15-30 cm. If the variety has low branching (the number of effective branches is ≤3), the row spacing should be 15-20 cm; or according to the characteristics of the variety, such as the male-female ratio, an effective sowing density of 35-130 grains / ㎡ should be selected, and the sowing depth should be 3-5 cm.

[0039] (5) Fertilization: The amount and method of fertilization should be determined based on the variety's growth cycle, the climate characteristics of the planting site, soil fertility and other factors (for example, if the growth period is long, the temperature is low, and the soil fertility is weak, the number of base fertilizers and topdressing fertilizers can be appropriately increased, and the conditions of each planting site are different); hemp absorbs more nitrogen fertilizers and less phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the entire growth cycle. Usually, compound fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer at one time, N:P:K=18:15:15. In the later stage, according to the growth of the plants, consider spraying humic acid liquid fertilizer during the rapid growth period to increase biomass (diammonium phosphate is diluted and sprayed on the leaves, which is especially suitable for harvesting in the light maturity period and can effectively increase the aboveground biomass).

[0040] (6) Mowing method: Two mowing methods

[0041] Harvest at the light maturity stage (flowering stage): The stems and leaves are harvested 60 to 70 days after seedlings. At this time, the plant development stage enters the flowering stage, the proportion of tender stems and leaves is high, and the content of effective substances such as cannabinoids in the flowers and leaves reaches the highest. According to the actual situation, it can be harvested manually or by a mower;

[0042] Harvest at seed maturity stage: Harvest should be done when more than 75% of the seeds of the whole plant are mature and 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the old leaves at the base of the plant are yellow and fall off. At this time, the crude fat and protein content in the seeds reaches the highest, and they are harvested manually or by a mower.

Claims

1. A technical method for the dense planting of short-stalked forage hemp, characterized in that: The method is: (1) Variety selection: Select hemp varieties with plant height ≤160 cm and full growth period ≤100 days; (2) Planting conditions and time: The accumulated temperature in the planting area is ≥10°C and the active accumulated temperature is 1900°C. The planting time is from mid-to-late April to mid-to-late May; (3) Land selection: For plots of neutral or alkaline soil or marginal soil, the land should be plowed to a depth of 20 to 25 cm, and then raked, rotary tilled, and compacted; (4) Reasonable density planting: mechanical flat sowing, using a 12-48 row grain seeder with a row spacing of 15-30 cm; (5) Fertilization: The amount and method of fertilization should be determined based on the variety's growth cycle, the climate characteristics of the planting area, soil fertility and other factors; (6) Mowing method: Two mowing methods Harvest at the light maturity stage (flowering stage): The stems and leaves are harvested 60 to 70 days after seedlings, either manually or by a mower. Harvest at seed maturity stage: Harvest by hand or with a mower or sun-dryer when more than 75% of the seeds on the plant are mature and 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the old leaves at the base of the plant have turned yellow and fallen off.

2. A method for cultivating short-stalked forage hemp with dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In (1), the hemp variety has an effective branch number of ≤3 or no branches.

3. The method for cultivating short-stalked forage hemp with dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: (2) In the study, the planting area is mainly selected in the northern part of my country.

4. The method for cultivating short-stalked forage hemp with dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: (3) The soil pH must meet the requirement of 7 ≤ pH ≤ 8.

7.

5. The method for cultivating short-stalked forage hemp with dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: (4) If the variety has low branching (effective branches ≤ 3), the row spacing should be 15-20 cm. If the variety has strong branching (effective branches ≥ 5), the row spacing should be 20 cm < row spacing ≤ 30 cm, and the plant spacing should be 5-10 cm. Alternatively, the effective sowing density should be 35-130 seeds / ㎡ based on the variety characteristics such as the male-female ratio, and the sowing depth should be 3-5 cm.

6. The method for cultivating short-stalked forage hemp with dense planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: (5) Compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer at one time, with N:P:K = 18:15:

15. In the later stage, according to the growth of the plants, humic acid liquid fertilizer can be sprayed during the rapid growth period to increase biomass.

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