High-efficiency yield-increasing cultivation method for winter wheat in dry land in summer idle period

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic dry farming agriculture, in particular to an efficient yield-increasing cultivation method for winter wheat in dry land in summer idle period, comprising the following steps: S1, before sowing, sowing hairy vetch or rape in rainy days, and deeply ploughing soil in rainy days in early and middle August; s2, sowing time: from late September to mid-October, sowing in soil moisture suitable for rain; s3, weeding and disease and pest control are carried out in the period of 3-5 leaves of wheat in the seedling stage before winter; s4, preventing and controlling the wheat aphids from the jointing stage to the booting stage; s5, trapping and killing underground insect adults from the booting stage to the flowering stage; s6, from the flowering stage to the filling stage, mixed liquid is sprayed to the wheat field. According to the method, a method of green plant covering, deep tillage and decomposition of winter wheat in the summer idle period is adopted, and the ecological regulation and control technology of diseases, pests and weeds is combined, so that the purposes of water retention, fertilizer storage, recarburization and yield increase are achieved, and the quality, yield and ecological benefits of agricultural production are synchronously improved while the diseases, pests and weeds of the dry land wheat are effectively controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic dryland farming, and in particular to a cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat during the summer fallow period. Background Art

[0002] Winter wheat is a biennial herbaceous plant of the genus Triticeae in the Poaceae family. Its stems are segmented. There is a leaf on each node, and the leaves attached to the elongated stem nodes are called stem leaves. The flowers are arranged in spikes, usually called wheat ears. The fruits are usually called seeds. It is sown in mid-to-late September to early October, and matures in late May to mid-to-late June of the following year. Winter wheat is sown in autumn and has strong cold resistance.

[0003] The existing effective management methods for dryland winter wheat during the summer fallow period are limited to straw treatment, including full ground coverage of straw in ridge film furrows, full film coverage, and full ground coverage of straw, etc. However, straw utilization technology still has many shortcomings, such as (1) serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests year after year, which greatly increases the cost and difficulty of prevention and control; (2) severe evaporation in dryland in summer, the straw fails to decompose, resulting in further soil impoverishment; (3) the cost of straw treatment is greatly increased, the soil carbon enhancement effect is not obvious, and the yield is not high. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat during the summer fallow period. The method of covering winter wheat with green plants and deep plowing and composting during the summer fallow period is adopted, and the ecological regulation technology of pests and diseases and weeds is combined to achieve the purposes of water conservation, fertilizer storage, carbon increase and yield increase. While effectively controlling the damage of dryland wheat by pests and diseases and weeds, the simultaneous improvement of agricultural production in quality, yield and ecological benefits is achieved.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat in the summer idle period, comprising the following steps: S1. Before sowing, after the previous wheat crop is harvested, hairy vetch or rapeseed is sown when it rains, the sowing amount of hairy vetch is 3kg / mu, and the sowing amount of rapeseed is 200g / mu. In early to mid-August, when it rains, the soil is deep-turned, and shallowly pressed immediately after turning and pressing; S2. Sowing period: from late September to mid-October, sow seeds when it rains and the seeds are coated. For every 100kg of seeds, use 32% pentazole•imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent, 26% benzyl•imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent or 27% phenyl ether•carbendazim•thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent for seed coating; S3. During the seedling stage before winter, when wheat has 3 to 5 leaves, weeding is carried out, and rapeseed and legumes are planted around the wheat field to attract natural enemies such as ladybugs and aphid flies to control wheat field pests; In the early stage of wheat spider mite outbreak, release 15,000 Neoseiulus barkeri mites in the wheat field or spray with 0.5% soluble liquid extract of Veratrum rhizome for prevention and control; In the early stage of wheat powdery mildew and rust, use 4% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics or 100 billion cfu / g Bacillus subtilis wettable powder spray for prevention and control; S4. From the jointing stage to the booting stage, wheat aphids should be controlled; S5. From the booting stage to the flowering stage, trap and kill the adult underground pests; S6. From the flowering stage to the grain filling stage, the wheat field is sprayed with a mixed solution including 1 g / L of 30% thiazolin-tebuconazole suspension, 0.2 mL / L of 0.01% 24-epibrassinolide soluble solution, 2.2 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S1, the turning and pressing depth is 25 cm to 30 cm.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S2, in high temperature years, sowing is carried out appropriately late to control growth and reduce damage. When soil moisture conditions are poor, soil moisture exploration furrow sowing is adopted. The furrowing depth of furrow sowing is 8 cm, the ridge height is 12 cm, and the seed covering thickness is about 3 cm to 4 cm.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S3, the weeding is controlled by spraying 11.6% clopyralid·piroxensulfuron emulsifiable concentrate or 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S4, the wheat aphids are controlled by hanging 15 yellow sticky insect boards per mu in the wheat field at the early stage of wheat aphids occurrence.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: in step S5, the underground pests are lured and killed by hanging frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps in the wheat field when the underground pests are at their peak period of emergence.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention adopts the method of covering winter wheat with green plants during the summer fallow period, deep plowing and composting, and combines the ecological regulation technology of pests and weeds to solve the problems of little precipitation during the growing period of dryland winter wheat, large ineffective evaporation during the fallow period, poor soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and serious occurrence of pests and weeds, thereby achieving the purposes of water conservation, fertilizer storage, carbon increase, and yield increase, while effectively controlling the damage of pests and weeds to dryland wheat, realizing the simultaneous improvement of agricultural production in quality, yield and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat during the summer idle period of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the effects of summer fallow management on the diversity of aboveground arthropod communities in the present invention; In the figure, lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), and * and ns indicate the significance of different tillage types in the same fill treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01); Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of summer idle period management on powdery mildew disease index in the present invention; In the figure, * and ns indicate the significance of different turning-over times in the same filling treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001); Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of summer idle period management on rust disease index in the present invention; In the figure, * and ns indicate the significance of different turning-over times in the same filling treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001); Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of summer idle period management on the disease index of stem base rot in the present invention; In the figure, lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), * and ns indicate the significance of different tillage types in the same fill treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001; ****: P < 0.0001); Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of summer fallow period management on the occurrence of wheat long-legged spiders in the present invention; In the figure, lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), and * and ns indicate the significance of different tillage types in the same fill treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01); Figure 7 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of summer fallow period management on the occurrence of wheat orb spiders in the present invention; In the figure, lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), and * and ns indicate the significance of different tillage types in the same fill treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01); Figure 8 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of summer fallow period management on the occurrence of wheat aphids in the present invention; In the figure, lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), and * and ns indicate the significance of different tillage types in the same fill treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05); Fig. 9 This is a comparison diagram of the effect of summer fallow period management on wheat yield in the present invention; In the figure, lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05), and * and ns indicate the significance of different tillage types in the same fill treatment (ns: not significant; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Example 1

[0015] refer to Figure 1 A cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat during the summer idle period comprises the following steps: S1. Before sowing, after the previous wheat crop is harvested, sow hairy vetch or rapeseed when it is rainy. The sowing rate of hairy vetch is 3kg / mu, and the sowing rate of rapeseed is 200g / mu. In early and mid-August, deep plowing is carried out when it is rainy, and shallow rotation and compaction are carried out immediately after plowing; S2. Sowing period: from late September to mid-October, sow seeds when it rains and the seeds are coated. For every 100kg of seeds, use 32% pentazole•imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent, 26% benzyl•imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent or 27% phenyl ether•carbendazim•thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent for seed coating; S3. During the seedling stage before winter, when wheat has 3 to 5 leaves, weeding is carried out, and rapeseed and legumes are planted around the wheat field to attract natural enemies such as ladybugs and aphid flies to control wheat field pests; In the early stage of wheat spider mite outbreak, release 15,000 Neoseiulus barkeri mites in the wheat field or spray with 0.5% soluble liquid extract of Veratrum rhizome for prevention and control; In the early stage of wheat powdery mildew and rust, use 4% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics or 100 billion cfu / g Bacillus subtilis wettable powder spray for prevention and control; S4. From the jointing stage to the booting stage, wheat aphids should be controlled; S5. From the booting stage to the flowering stage, trap and kill the adult underground pests; S6. From the flowering stage to the grain filling stage, the wheat field is sprayed with a mixed liquid, which includes 1 g / L of 30% thiazolin-tebuconazole suspension, 0.2 mL / L of 0.01% 24-epibrassinolide soluble concentrate, 2.2 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water.

[0016] In step S1, the turning depth is 25 cm to 30 cm.

[0017] In step S2, in high temperature years, sowing is appropriately delayed to control growth and reduce damage. When soil moisture conditions are poor, soil moisture exploration furrow sowing is adopted. The furrowing depth of furrow sowing is 8 cm, the ridge height is 12 cm, and the thickness of seed covering soil is about 3 cm to 4 cm.

[0018] In step S3, 11.6% clopyralid·piroxensulfuron emulsifiable concentrate or 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder is used for weed control by spraying.

[0019] In step S4, for the prevention and control of wheat aphids, 15 yellow sticky insect boards per mu are hung in the wheat field at the early stage of wheat aphid occurrence.

[0020] In step S5, the underground pests are lured and killed by hanging frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps in the wheat field when the underground pests are at their peak period of emergence.

[0021] Example 2

[0022] On the basis of Example 1, a comparative experiment was designed. During the summer fallow period of winter wheat in dryland, three sources of idle biological organisms (rapeseed, hairy vetch, and organic fertilizer) were returned to the fields at different times (early, mid-day, and late) and under different turning and pressing measures (deep turning and rotary tillage) to study the effects on the structure of the aboveground arthropod community and changes in distribution patterns and major diseases and insect pests (powdery mildew, rust, stem base rot, aphids, and red spiders) in wheat fields, as well as the effects on crop yield.

[0023] 1. Test site: Located between Fen and Hui in the Yellow River Basin, it is a typical dryland agricultural area in southern Shanxi, with a geographical location of 35°43′N, 111°44′E, and an altitude of 1501m. The area belongs to the temperate semi-humid dry monsoon climate zone, with abundant sunshine, strong monsoon, distinct four seasons, and high effectiveness of accumulated temperature. It is a high-value area of ​​light energy resources in North China. The annual average temperature in the area is 10℃~12℃, and the frost-free period is 190d. The annual average sunshine hours are 1750~2500h, and the rainfall is about 550mm. The zonal soil type is brown soil, the soil is relatively fully developed, forming a deep and heavy clay layer, and wheat and corn are mainly grown.

[0024] 2. Experimental design: After wheat is harvested, field fallow period management measures are carried out. The experiment adopts a three-factor split-plot design. The main treatment is the biological treatment of wheat after harvest: rapeseed (variety is Hengyou No. 7), hairy vetch, organic fertilizer and blank control; the split plot has two turning methods: deep turning (25~30cm) and shallow turning (10~15cm); the split-splitting area has three turning times: dry, medium and late, with a total of 18 treatments and 3 repetitions. The total area of ​​the experimental site is 3780m², of which the main area is 1260m², the split area is 630m², and the split-splitting area is 210m². The single experimental plot is 7m wide, 10m long and covers an area of ​​70m 2 . After the dryland wheat was harvested, rapeseed (variety Hengyou No. 7) was sown after rotary tillage and stubble removal; organic fertilizer and control were treated by deep plowing or shallow plowing. After that, rapeseed was turned over by deep plowing or shallow plowing in mid-August, mid-September and mid-October respectively, and organic fertilizer and blank control were also treated at the same time. All plots treated with deep plowing were rotary tilled again. After the last plowing treatment, wheat was sown in mid-October, with row spacing of 20 cm. The dryland wheat variety used was Xiangmai 519.

[0025] 3. Collection and identification methods:

[0026] 3.1 Collection and identification of aboveground arthropods in wheat fields: The yellow board method was used to investigate the occurrence dynamics of aboveground arthropods in wheat fields. From the greening and jointing stage of winter wheat to the harvest at the maturity stage of wheat, one yellow board (purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., size 25cm×20cm, with adhesive on both sides) was hung in each plot and replaced every 15 days. The replaced yellow boards were collected and brought back to the laboratory for identification.

[0027] 3.2 Collection and identification of major wheat pests and diseases Major diseases: including wheat powdery mildew, wheat rust, and wheat stem rot, which are investigated during the main growth period of wheat; Wheat powdery mildew survey method: five-point sampling, each point survey 5m 2 , check the number of diseased plants and the diseased leaves. When the disease is widespread in the whole field, take samples at 5 points, each with a row length of 2m. Randomly check 100 leaves at each point (the disease of the upper 3 leaves), investigate the number of diseased leaves, and the percentage of the diseased area on the diseased leaves to the total leaf area, set to 8 levels (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%); Investigation method for wheat rust and stem rot: sampling was conducted at 5 points, with a row length of 2 m at each point. 100 leaves were randomly inspected at each point to investigate the number of diseased leaves and the percentage of the lesion area on the diseased leaves to the total leaf area, which was set to 8 levels (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%).

[0028] Major insect pests include wheat long-legged red spider, wheat round red spider and wheat aphid, which are investigated during the main growing period of wheat.

[0029] Investigation method of wheat long-legged red spider and wheat round red spider: sample 5 points on the diagonal line of each field, check a single row of 30 cm in length at each point, count by visual inspection during the greening period, and spread a 30cm×17cm framed white porcelain plate or white paper or white plastic cloth on the wheat rhizosphere at the sampling point after jointing, gently bend the wheat seedlings and pat them, and then count. Repeat several times to investigate the species and number of spiders.

[0030] Wheat aphid survey method: sampling at 5 points on a single diagonal line of each field, 50 plants at each point during the autumn seedling and jointing stages, 20 plants at each point during the booting, heading and flowering, and filling stages, and the number of plants with aphids, aphid species, and aphid quantity were investigated.

[0031] 3.3 Determination of wheat growth status and yield Growth status: During the flowering period of winter wheat, three sampling points were randomly selected from each plot (Z-shaped sampling). A sickle was used to cut the 1-meter-long wheat row at each sampling point. The above-ground part of the plant was taken and put into a mesh bag. It was sterilized at 105℃ for 30 minutes, and then dried at 80℃ to constant weight and weighed to determine the dry matter weight of the plant. At the same time, after the wheat matured, 10 plants were randomly selected from each plot to measure the plant height.

[0032] Yield determination: After wheat matures, randomly select 1 m 2 The wheat plants in the sample plots were placed in net bags and dried, then threshed and weighed. The number of ears, number of grains per ear and thousand-grain weight were counted and converted to hectare yield. The final grain yield was converted according to 14% moisture content.

[0033] 4. Test results and analysis: 4.1 Effects of different tillage practices on arthropods during summer fallow period The data on the effects of different tillage measures on arthropods during the summer fallow period are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Analysis of the impact of summer fallow management on the diversity of aboveground arthropod communities

[0034] The variance analysis showed that the filling treatment significantly affected the occurrence of aboveground arthropod communities (Shannon: F=6.332, P=0.001; Simpson: F=5.035, P=0.004; Pielou: F=4.961, P=0.005; Abundance: F=19.391, P<0.001), and the turning time (Shannon: F=17.479, P<0.001; Simpson: F=15.094, P<0.001; Pielou: F=8.892, P=0.001) significantly affected the occurrence of aboveground arthropod communities; tillage ( Shannon: F=18.146, P<0.001; Simpson: F=9.229, P=0.004; Pielou: F=5.130, P=0.028) significantly affected the occurrence of aboveground arthropods; there was a significant interaction between the filling treatment and the turning time (Shannon: F=2.557, P=0.032; Abundance: F=2.682, P=0.025), and there was a significant interaction between the filling treatment and tillage (Shannon: F=4.047, P=0.012; Abundance: F=12.677, P<0.001).

[0035] Shannon, Simpson and Pielou index of aboveground arthropods were rotary tillage>deep plowing under tillage treatment; early plowing>middle plowing>late plowing in different plowing time treatments; control>rapeseed>hairy vetch>organic fertilizer in the biological filling treatment. Abundance index was deep plowing>rotary tillage under tillage treatment; late plowing>middle plowing>early plowing in different plowing time treatments; hairy vetch>organic fertilizer>control>rapeseed in the biological filling treatment.

[0036] The Shannon index of aboveground arthropods was significantly affected by tillage treatment in the early-turned organic fertilizer treatment, the mid-turned control and rapeseed treatments (P < 0.05); the Simpson index of aboveground arthropods was significantly affected by tillage treatment in the mid-turned control and rapeseed treatments (P < 0.05); the Pielou index of aboveground arthropods was significantly affected by tillage treatment in the mid-turned rapeseed treatment (P < 0.05); the Abundance index of aboveground arthropods was significantly affected by tillage treatment in the early-turned hairy vetch and organic fertilizer treatments, and the mid-turned rapeseed treatment (P < 0.05; P < 0.01; P < 0.05).

[0037] 4.2 Effects of different farming measures on major pests and diseases during summer fallow period 4.2.1 Wheat powdery mildew refer to Figure 3In rotary tillage, the powdery mildew disease index (disease index) of the filling treatment and the turning time showed an upward trend with the growth period. At the heading stage, under the control and rapeseed treatments, different turning times had a significant effect on the powdery mildew disease index (control: P < 0.05; rapeseed: P < 0.05), with the middle turning disease index being the highest and the late turning disease index being the lowest. At the flowering stage, under the control, rapeseed and hairy vetch treatments, different turning times had a significant effect on the powdery mildew disease index (control: P < 0.05; rapeseed: P < 0.01; hairy vetch: P < 0.001). In deep plowing, the powdery mildew disease index basically showed an increasing trend with the growth period under the filling and turning time. At the heading stage, under the treatments of organic fertilizer, rapeseed and hairy vetch, different turning time had a significant effect on the powdery mildew disease index (organic fertilizer: P < 0.05; rapeseed: P < 0.05; hairy vetch: P < 0.01), with the disease index of early turning being the highest and the disease index of late turning being the lowest. At the flowering stage, under the treatments of control, organic fertilizer, rapeseed and hairy vetch, different turning time had a significant effect on the powdery mildew disease index (control: P < 0.05; organic fertilizer: P < 0.001; rapeseed: P < 0.05; hairy vetch: P < 0.001).

[0038] 4.2.2 Wheat rust refer to Figure 4 In rotary tillage, the rust disease index of the treatment with idle filling first increased and then stabilized with the growth period. In the flowering stage, the treatment with idle filling had a significant effect on the rust disease index under the treatments of early turning, middle turning and late turning (early turning: p < 0.001; middle turning: p < 0.05; late turning: p < 0.01). In deep turning, the disease index of organic fertilizer and rapeseed rust first increased and then stabilized with the growth period under the treatment with idle filling, while the disease index of control and hairy vetch rust first increased and then decreased with the growth period. In the greening stage, the treatment with idle filling had a significant effect on the rust disease index under the treatment of late turning (late turning: p < 0.05). In the heading stage, the treatment with idle filling had a significant effect on the rust disease index under the treatment of early turning (early turning: p < 0.05).

[0039] 4.2.3 Stem base rot refer to Figure 5At the heading stage, the disease index of stem base rot under tillage treatment was rotary tillage > deep plowing, in different plowing time treatments it was early plowing > middle plowing > late plowing, and in different filling treatments it was organic fertilizer > control > hairy vetch > rapeseed. Under early-turned rapeseed, organic fertilizer and control treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the disease index of base stem rot (rapeseed: p < 0.05; organic fertilizer: p < 0.05; control: p < 0.01); under mid-turned rapeseed, organic fertilizer and control treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the disease index of base stem rot (rapeseed: p < 0.001; organic fertilizer: p < 0.05; control: p < 0.001); under late-turned rapeseed, organic fertilizer, control and hairy vetch, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the disease index of base stem rot (rapeseed: p < 0.01; organic fertilizer: P < 0.0001; control: p < 0.01; hairy vetch: P < 0.01).

[0040] At the flowering stage, the index of stem base rot was rotary tillage > deep plowing under tillage treatment; there was almost no difference in different plowing time treatments, and it was rapeseed > organic fertilizer > control > hairy vetch in different filling treatments. In early-turned rapeseed and control treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the index of stem base rot (rapeseed: P < 0.0001; control: P < 0.01); in mid-turned rapeseed, organic fertilizer and control treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the index of stem base rot (rapeseed: p < 0.01; organic fertilizer: P < 0.05; control: p < 0.001); in late-turned rapeseed, organic fertilizer and control treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the index of stem base rot (rapeseed: p < 0.05; organic fertilizer: P < 0.001; control: p < 0.001).

[0041] 4.2.4 Long-legged spider refer to Figure 6 The occurrence of wheat long-legged spiders was rotary tillage > deep plowing under tillage treatment, late plowing > early plowing > mid-plowing in different plowing time treatments, and rapeseed > organic fertilizer > control > hairy vetch in different filling treatments. In the mid-plowing organic fertilizer treatment, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the occurrence of wheat long-legged spiders (P < 0.05); in the late plowing rapeseed and hairy vetch treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the occurrence of wheat long-legged spiders (rapeseed: P < 0.01; hairy vetch < 0.05).

[0042] 4.2.5 Orb-shaped spider refer to Figure 7The occurrence of wheat orb spiders was in the order of rotary tillage > deep plowing under tillage treatment, in the order of early plowing > late plowing > mid-turning in different plowing time treatments, and in the order of rapeseed > organic fertilizer > control > hairy vetch in different filling treatments. In the early plowing organic fertilizer and hairy vetch treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the occurrence of wheat orb spiders (organic fertilizer: P < 0.05; hairy vetch: P < 0.05); in the mid-turning rapeseed treatment, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the occurrence of wheat orb spiders (P < 0.05); in the late plowing rapeseed treatment, tillage treatment had a significant effect on the occurrence of wheat orb spiders (P < 0.01).

[0043] 4.2.6 Wheat aphids refer to Figure 8 There was almost no difference in the occurrence of wheat aphids under the tillage treatments. In the treatments with different turning times, it was early turning > mid-turning > late turning. In the treatments with different fillings, it was hairy vetch > control > rapeseed > organic fertilizer. In the control treatments of mid-turning and late turning, the tillage treatments had a significant effect on the occurrence of wheat aphids (P < 0.05).

[0044] 4.3 Effects of different tillage measures during summer fallow period on wheat growth and yield refer to Fig. 9 The wheat yield under tillage treatment was rotary tillage > deep plowing, in different plowing time treatments it was early plowing > middle plowing > late plowing, and in different filling treatments it was rapeseed > organic fertilizer > control > hairy vetch. In the early plowing control treatment, tillage treatment had a significant effect on wheat yield (P < 0.05); in the middle plowing control treatment, tillage treatment had a significant effect on wheat yield (P < 0.001); in the late plowing organic fertilizer, control and hairy vetch treatments, tillage treatment had a significant effect on wheat yield (organic fertilizer: P < 0.01; control: P < 0.05; hairy vetch: P < 0.05).

[0045] 5. Experimental conclusion 5.1 Effects of different tillage practices on arthropods during summer fallow period Tillage treatment, turning time and infilling organisms had significant effects on the community structure of aboveground arthropods, and the diversity and abundance responded differently to the experimental treatments. In rotary tillage, early turning and control, its Shannon, Simpson and Pielou indexes were significantly higher than those in other treatments; while in rotary tillage, late turning and hairy vetch, its Abundance index was significantly higher than that in other treatments.

[0046] 5.2 Effects of different farming practices on major pests and diseases during summer fallow period Tillage treatment, turning time and filling biological treatment had significant effects on major pests and diseases. Under deep turning, the disease index and occurrence of powdery mildew, stem base rot, wheat aphids, wheat long-legged spiders and wheat orb spiders were significantly lower than those under rotary tillage, while the effect of tillage treatment on rust was not significant. Powdery mildew had the lightest incidence in late turning, stem base rot had the lightest incidence in mid-turning, the occurrence of wheat long-legged spiders was the smallest in mid-turning, the occurrence of wheat orb spiders was the smallest in mid-turning, and the occurrence of wheat aphids was the smallest in late turning. Turning time had no significant effect on rust. Rust and stem base rot had the smallest incidence in hairy vetch, the occurrence of wheat long-legged spiders was the smallest in hairy vetch, the occurrence of wheat orb spiders was the smallest in rapeseed, and the occurrence of wheat aphids was the smallest in organic fertilizer. The results showed that under different tillage treatments, deep plowing could reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Among different turning times, middle and late plowing were not conducive to the occurrence of pests and diseases. Among different filling treatments, the occurrence of pests and diseases in hairy vetch was the smallest, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of powdery mildew under different filling biological treatments.

[0047] 5.3 Effects of different tillage measures during summer fallow period on wheat yield Tillage treatment, turning time and infill biological treatment had significant effects on wheat yield. Under different tillage treatments, wheat yield was high in rapeseed and organic fertilizer deep turning, while wheat yield was higher in control and hairy vetch. Among different turning times, wheat yield was highest in early turning. Among different infill treatments, wheat yield was highest in hairy vetch.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat during the summer idle period, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Before sowing, after the previous wheat crop is harvested, hairy vetch or rapeseed is sown when it rains, the sowing amount of hairy vetch is 3kg / mu, and the sowing amount of rapeseed is 200g / mu. In early to mid-August, when it rains, the soil is deep-turned, and shallowly pressed immediately after turning and pressing; S2. Sowing period: from late September to mid-October, sow seeds when it rains and the seeds are coated. For every 100kg of seeds, use 32% pentazole•imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent, 26% benzyl•imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent or 27% phenyl ether•carbendazim•thiamethoxam suspension seed coating agent for seed coating; S3. In the pre-winter seedling stage, when wheat has 3-5 leaves, weeding is carried out, and rapeseed and legumes are planted around the wheat field to attract natural enemies such as ladybugs and aphid flies to control wheat field pests; In the early stage of wheat spider mite outbreak, release 15,000 Neoseiulus barkeri mites in the wheat field or spray with 0.5% soluble liquid extract of Veratrum rhizome for prevention and control; In the early stage of wheat powdery mildew and rust, use 4% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics or 100 billion cfu / g Bacillus subtilis wettable powder spray for prevention and control; S4. From the jointing stage to the booting stage, wheat aphids should be controlled; S5. From the booting stage to the flowering stage, trap and kill the adult underground pests; S6. From the flowering stage to the grain filling stage, the wheat field is sprayed with a mixed liquid including 1 g / L of 30% thiazolin-tebuconazole suspension, 0.2 mL / L of 0.01% 24-epibrassinolide soluble solution, 2.2 g / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water.

2. The cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat in the summer idle period according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the turning and pressing depth is 25 cm to 30 cm.

3. The cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat in the summer idle period according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, in high temperature years, sowing is appropriately delayed to control growth and reduce damage. When soil moisture conditions are poor, soil moisture exploration furrow sowing is adopted. The furrowing depth of furrow sowing is 8 cm, the ridge height is 12 cm, and the thickness of seed covering soil is about 3 cm to 4 cm.

4. The cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat in the summer idle period according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S3, the weeding is carried out by spraying 11.6% clopyralid·piroxensulfuron emulsifiable concentrate or 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder.

5. The cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat in the summer idle period according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S4, the wheat aphids are controlled by hanging 15 yellow sticky insect boards per mu in the wheat field at the early stage of wheat aphid occurrence.

6. The cultivation method for efficiently increasing the yield of dryland winter wheat in the summer idle period according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, the underground pests are lured and killed by hanging frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps in the wheat field when the underground pests are at their peak period of emergence.

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