Multi-section energy-saving fractionating tower and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-section energy-saving fractionating tower and a use method, and belongs to the technical field of fractionating towers, the multi-section energy-saving fractionating tower comprises a tower body, a gas distributor mounted at the bottom end in the tower body, and a gas outlet mounted at the middle position of the top end of the tower body. Small-porosity structured packing and large-porosity bulk packing are arranged at the top of the lower partition plate, high-flow-rate deposition of fine particles on the tower top is reduced under the condition that gas and liquid are evenly distributed, meanwhile, a screen plate is arranged in the middle of the bulk packing, and shifting rods are evenly and vertically fixed to the upper surface and the lower surface of the screen plate, so that the high-flow-rate deposition of the fine particles on the tower top is reduced. The driving mechanism is controlled to provide power for the rotating mechanism by utilizing the pressure difference change of the upper end and the lower end in the [-shaped gas guide pipe, so that the rotation of the net plate is controlled, the position change of the filler can be controlled and the permeation effect is improved under the condition that the filler is blocked, and the device can effectively improve the permeation effect through the synergistic effect of the filler porosity gradient design and mechanical self-cleaning. And the limitation of the traditional static anti-blocking technology is broken through.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an energy-saving distillation tower, in particular to a multi-stage energy-saving distillation tower. The present invention also relates to a method for using the multi-stage energy-saving distillation tower, in particular to a method for using the multi-stage energy-saving distillation tower, and belongs to the technical field of distillation towers. Background Art

[0002] The distillation tower is the core equipment for achieving efficient separation of mixtures in the petrochemical industry. It uses the vertical pressure vessel structure and the gas-liquid countercurrent contact principle to achieve precise separation of light and heavy components by utilizing the difference in boiling points of the components. Plates or packings (such as floating valve plates and corrugated packings) are installed in the tower to enhance the mass transfer efficiency. At the same time, a reboiler is equipped to provide vaporization energy, and a condenser controls the reflux ratio. Modern distillation towers significantly improve separation efficiency and reduce energy consumption through multi-stage design (such as dividing wall towers and intermediate reboilers), intelligent control technology (MPC algorithm) and energy-saving coupling technology (heat pumps and waste heat recovery). They are widely used in high-purity separation scenarios such as crude oil fractionation, air separation, and fine chemicals, and are key equipment supporting the energy and materials industries.

[0003] During the use of the distillation towers currently used in refineries, particles in the oil and gas will be deposited in the filler over a long period of time. Since the position of the filler is in a fixed form and the position of particle deposition is fixed, the porosity of the filler will gradually decrease. The increased pressure drop forces the gas velocity in the tower to be increased, resulting in increased energy consumption. At the same time, the reduced mass transfer area leads to a decrease in separation efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, a multi-stage energy-saving distillation tower and its use method are designed to optimize the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating column and a using method thereof. By arranging structured packing with a small porosity and random packing with a large porosity on the top of the lower partition plate, while ensuring uniform gas-liquid distribution, the deposition of fine particles in the high-flow-rate area at the top of the tower is reduced. At the same time, a mesh plate is arranged in the middle of the random packing, and stirring rods are evenly and vertically fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the mesh plate. Then, by using the pressure difference change between the upper and lower ends inside the U-shaped gas guide pipe to control the driving mechanism to provide power to the rotating mechanism, and further control the rotation of the mesh plate. When the packing is blocked, the position of the packing can be changed to improve the permeability effect. Through the synergistic effect of the porosity gradient design of the packing and mechanical self-cleaning, the limitations of traditional static anti-blocking technology are broken through. The driving mechanism consists of a positioning ring, a piston, a third spring, a connecting rod, a trapezoidal support block, a strip-shaped groove, a fourth spring, a guide groove, and a top rod. It is used in cooperation with the rotating mechanism composed of an outer casing, a ratchet, a fastening compression ring, a toothed ring, ratchet teeth, a first spring, a sleeve, a gear, a column rod, a second spring, an arc-shaped groove, a slider, a sliding rod, and a fixed block. By using the change of pressure difference, it is controlled that the trapezoidal support block drives the fixed block at the bottom of the sliding rod to move upward, and is released at the highest point of the upward movement. The reset of the second spring is used to control the rapid downward movement of the column rod, and the slider slides inside the arc-shaped groove, thereby controlling the rotation of the sleeve. Through the mutual cooperation between the gear, the toothed ring, the ratchet, and the ratchet teeth, the mesh plate is rotationally driven to automatically stir the packing, and self-rotation is realized relying on the pressure difference inside the tower, without external energy input, and it is more energy-saving in use.

[0006] The object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A multi-stage energy-saving fractionating column includes a tower body, a gas distributor installed at the bottom end inside the tower body, a gas outlet installed at the middle position at the top end of the tower body, liquid collecting tanks arranged in layers inside the tower body, and a spray-type liquid distributor evenly arranged inside the tower body. Lower partition plates are provided on different horizontal planes inside the tower body. Structured packing is arranged on the top of each lower partition plate. Random packing is arranged on the top of each structured packing. Upper partition plates cover the top of each random packing. Mesh plates are horizontally and rotatably installed inside each random packing. Stirring rods are evenly and vertically fixed on the top and bottom of each mesh plate. A rotating mechanism for controlling the rotation of the mesh plate is arranged on the side of the tower body. U-shaped gas guide pipes are evenly arranged between the bottom of the lower partition plate and the top of the upper partition plate on the side of the tower body. A driving mechanism for providing power to the rotating mechanism is arranged inside the U-shaped gas guide pipes.

[0007] Preferably: Microporous ceramic membranes are provided at both ends of the U-shaped gas guide pipe, and the pore diameter of the microporous ceramic membranes is 0.4 - 0.6 μm.

[0008] Preferably: The mesh plate is located at the middle position of the random packing, and the shape of the stirring rod is cylindrical.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes an outer protective shell, a ratchet wheel, a toothed ring, ratchet teeth and a first spring. The outer protective shell is fixed on the outer side of the tower body. A ratchet wheel is rotatably installed inside the outer protective shell. The mesh plate is fixed on the inner side of the ratchet wheel. A toothed ring is rotatably installed inside the outer protective shell and sleeved on the outer side of the ratchet wheel. Ratchet teeth are evenly installed on the inner side of the toothed ring. A first spring is provided between each ratchet tooth and the inner side of the toothed ring. A reciprocating assembly for controlling the rotation of the toothed ring is provided inside the outer protective shell.

[0010] Preferably, fastening pressing rings are threadedly installed at the inner top and inner bottom of the ratchet wheel. The mesh plate is located between the two fastening pressing rings.

[0011] Preferably, the reciprocating assembly includes a sleeve, a gear, a column rod, a second spring, an arc-shaped groove, a slider, a sliding rod and a fixed block. The sleeve is rotatably installed at the inner bottom of the outer protective shell. A gear meshing with the toothed ring is fixed on the outer side of the sleeve. A column rod is vertically slidably arranged inside the sleeve. The bottom end of the column rod extends below the outer protective shell. A second spring is provided between the top of the column rod and the inner top of the outer protective shell. An arc-shaped groove is formed on the outer side of the sleeve. A slider is slidably arranged inside the arc-shaped groove. The slider is fixedly connected to the side of the column rod. A sliding rod is fixed at the bottom end of the column rod. The sliding rod extends into the C-shaped air duct and is vertically slidably connected to the sliding rod. A fixed block is fixed at the bottom end of the sliding rod. The driving mechanism controls the vertical lifting of the fixed block.

[0012] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a positioning ring, a piston, a third spring, a connecting rod and a trapezoidal supporting block. The positioning ring is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the C-shaped air duct. A piston is vertically slidably arranged inside the C-shaped air duct. A third spring is provided between the bottom end of the piston and the positioning ring. A connecting rod is fixed at the bottom end of the piston. A trapezoidal supporting block is installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod. The top end of the trapezoidal supporting block fits against the bottom of the fixed block. A translation assembly for separating from the fixed block is provided on the trapezoidal supporting block.

[0013] Preferably, the translation assembly includes a strip-shaped groove, a fourth spring, a guide groove and a top rod. The strip-shaped groove is formed on the top of the trapezoidal supporting block. The bottom end of the connecting rod is located inside the strip-shaped groove and linearly slides inside the strip-shaped groove. A fourth spring is provided between the side of the connecting rod close to the fixed block and the end of the strip-shaped groove. A guide groove is formed on the top of the trapezoidal supporting block close to the fixed block. A top rod is fixed on the C-shaped air duct directly above the guide groove.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom end of the top rod is provided with an inclined surface parallel to the inner bottom of the guide groove, and a wear-resistant coating is provided between the bottom end of the top rod and the inner side of the guide groove.

[0015] The present invention also provides a usage method of the multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower, including the following steps: Step 1: The crude oil is heated to a certain temperature in the heating furnace, and part of the light components are vaporized to form an oil-gas mixture, which enters the tower body from the gas distributor and flows from bottom to top. The components are separated by using the temperature gradient of 150-400℃ and the pressure gradient of 0.1-0.5MPa in the tower body. The heavy component 350>℃ remains in liquid form in the high temperature zone at the bottom of the tower and is pumped out as a heavy oil fraction through the bottom pump. The middle fraction 180-350℃ is condensed in the middle temperature zone of the tower, collected in the liquid collecting tank and then pumped out from the side line. The light component <180℃ continues to rise to the low temperature zone of about 100℃ at the top of the tower, and forms the top product through the condensation system; Step 2: The precise geometric structure of the structured packing forms a uniform liquid film, and the random stacking of the bulk packing enhances the turbulence effect, achieving efficient contact between the gas and liquid phases. After long-term use, the bulk packing will have a certain degree of clogging; Step 3: When the pressure drop of the packing layer exceeds the threshold value>10kPa, the air pressure will control the piston to move upward. During the upward movement of the piston, the third spring will be stretched, and the fixed block will be lifted upward in cooperation with the trapezoidal support block. When the fixed block rises vertically, it will control the column to move vertically upward, compressing the second spring. The slider on the column slides inside the arc groove, exerting thrust on the sleeve, controlling the gear on the sleeve to rotate clockwise, and driving the gear ring. When the gear ring rotates counterclockwise, the position of the ratchet remains stationary, so the upward movement of the column will save effort; Step 4: After the trapezoidal support block is about to move to the top, the push rod will be inserted into the guide groove, exerting a moving thrust on the trapezoidal support block to separate the trapezoidal support block from the fixed block. At this time, the second spring instantly releases a large elastic force to push the column rod to move down quickly. The column rod rotates counterclockwise, and the control gear ring rotates clockwise. The ratchet is inserted into the ratchet wheel, and the mesh plate on the control ratchet wheel drives the lever to rotate. The mesh plate rotates at a speed of 5-20rpm, and the lever disturbs the bulk filler. After that, the pressure drop of the filler layer will decrease and stabilize within the range of 5-8kPa. Step 5: After the pressure drop of the packing layer decreases, the piston is reset under the tension of the third spring, and the trapezoidal support block moves down to the bottom of the fixed block again. When the pressure drop increases, the above steps are continued to stir the bulk packing.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: A multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method provided by the present invention, by arranging structured packing with a small porosity and random packing with a large porosity on the top of the lower partition board, while ensuring uniform gas-liquid distribution, reducing the deposition of fine particles in the high-flow-rate area at the top of the tower. At the same time, a mesh plate is arranged in the middle of the random packing, and stirring rods are vertically and evenly fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the mesh plate. Then, by using the pressure difference change between the upper and lower ends inside the C-shaped gas guide pipe to control the driving mechanism to provide power to the rotating mechanism, and further controlling the rotation of the mesh plate, it can control the position change of the packing in case of blockage of the packing, improve the permeability effect, enabling the device to break through the limitations of traditional static anti-blocking technology through the synergistic effect of the porosity gradient design of the packing and mechanical self-cleaning; The driving mechanism composed of a positioning ring, a piston, a third spring, a connecting rod, a trapezoidal support block, a strip-shaped groove, a fourth spring, a guide groove, and a top rod is used in cooperation with the rotating mechanism composed of an outer protective shell, a ratchet wheel, a fastening compression ring, a toothed ring, ratchet teeth, a first spring, a sleeve, a gear, a column rod, a second spring, an arc-shaped groove, a slider, a sliding rod, and a fixed block. By using the change of the pressure difference, it controls the trapezoidal support block to drive the fixed block at the bottom end of the sliding rod to move upward, and releases it at the highest point of the upward movement. Using the reset of the second spring to control the rapid downward movement of the column rod, the slider slides inside the arc-shaped groove, and then controls the rotation of the sleeve. By using the mutual cooperation between the gear, the toothed ring, the ratchet wheel, and the ratchet teeth, it rotates and drives the mesh plate, automatically stirs the packing, and realizes self-rotation relying on the pressure difference inside the tower, without external energy input, and is more energy-saving in use. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is the front view sectional view of a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method of the present invention; Figure 2 It is the front view of a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method of the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view at A; Figure 4 It is a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method of the present invention Figure 1 The enlarged view at B; Figure 5 It is the ratchet wheel diagram of a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method of the present invention; Figure 6 It is the toothed ring diagram of a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method of the present invention; Figure 7 It is the sectional view of the trapezoidal support block of a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower and its usage method of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a reciprocating component diagram of a preferred embodiment in a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating column and its usage method of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Tower body; 101. Gas distributor; 102. Gas outlet; 103. Liquid collecting tank; 104. Spray-type liquid distributor; 2. Lower partition board; 3. Structured packing; 4. Random packing; 5. Upper partition board; 6. Mesh plate; 7. Poking rod; 8. Rotating mechanism; 801. Outer housing; 802. Ratchet; 803. Tightening compression ring; 804. Tooth ring; 805. Ratchet teeth; 806. First spring; 807. Sleeve; 808. Gear; 809. Column rod; 810. Second spring; 811. Arc-shaped groove; 812. Slide block; 813. Slide rod; 814. Fixed block; 9. C-shaped air duct; 10. Driving mechanism; 1001. Positioning ring; 1002. Piston; 1003. Third spring; 1004. Connecting rod; 1005. Trapezoidal support block; 1006. Strip-shaped groove; 1007. Fourth spring; 1008. Guide groove; 1009. Ejector rod; 11. Microporous ceramic membrane. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] To make the technical solutions of the present invention clearer and more definite for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. However, the implementation manners of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0020] As Figure 1-Figure 8 shown, this embodiment provides a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating column, including a tower body 1, a gas distributor 101 installed at the inner bottom end of the tower body 1, a gas outlet 102 installed at the middle position of the top end of the tower body 1, a liquid collecting tank 103 arranged in layers inside the tower body 1, and a spray-type liquid distributor 104 uniformly arranged inside the tower body 1. Lower partition boards 2 are provided on different horizontal planes inside the tower body 1. Structured packings 3 are provided on the tops of the lower partition boards 2. Random packings 4 are provided on the tops of the structured packings 3. Upper partition boards 5 cover the tops of the random packings 4. Mesh plates 6 are horizontally and rotatably installed inside the random packings 4. Poking rods 7 are uniformly and vertically fixed to the tops and bottoms of the mesh plates 6. A rotating mechanism 8 for controlling the rotation of the mesh plate 6 is provided on the side of the tower body 1. C-shaped air ducts 9 are uniformly arranged on the side of the tower body 1 and between the bottom of the lower partition board 2 and the top of the upper partition board 5. A driving mechanism 10 for providing power to the rotating mechanism 8 is provided inside the C-shaped air ducts 9.

[0021] Overall working principle: The crude oil is heated to a certain temperature in the heating furnace. Some light components vaporize to form an oil-gas mixture, which enters the interior of the tower body 1 from the gas distributor 101 and flows upward. Component separation is achieved by utilizing the temperature gradient of 150 - 400 °C and the pressure gradient of 0.1 - 0.5 MPa within the tower body 1. The heavy components > 350 °C remain liquid in the high-temperature area at the bottom of the tower and are pumped out through the bottom pump as the heavy oil fraction. The intermediate fraction of 180 - 350 °C condenses in the medium-temperature area of the tower, is collected by the liquid collection tank 103, and is drawn out from the side line. The light components < 180 °C continue to rise to the low-temperature area at the top of the tower, approximately 100 °C, and form the top product through the condensation system. The precise geometric structure of the structured packing 3 forms a uniform liquid film, and the random packing of the dumped packing 4 enhances the turbulence effect, realizing the efficient contact of the gas-liquid two-phase. After long-term use, the dumped packing 4 will show a certain degree of blockage. When the pressure drop across the packing layer exceeds the threshold > 10 kPa, at this time, due to the pressure drop, the driving mechanism 10 provides power for the rotating mechanism 8, controlling the control grid plate 6 to drive the lever 7 to rotate, disturbing the dumped packing 4, and then the pressure drop across the packing layer will decrease and stabilize within the range of 5 - 8 kPa.

[0022] In this embodiment, microporous ceramic membranes 11 are provided at both ends of the U-shaped gas guide pipe 9, and the pore diameter of the microporous ceramic membranes 11 is 0.4 - 0.6 μm.

[0023] Local working principle: The use of the microporous ceramic membranes 11 can prevent the oil-gas from entering the interior of the U-shaped gas guide pipe 9, ensuring the normal and stable operation of the driving mechanism 10.

[0024] In this embodiment, the control grid plate 6 is located at the middle position of the dumped packing 4, and the lever 7 is cylindrical in shape.

[0025] Local working principle: When the control grid plate 6 drives the lever 7 to rotate, it can ensure uniform stirring of the dumped packing 4, and the cylindrical lever 7 reduces the resistance during rotation.

[0026] In this embodiment, the rotating mechanism 8 includes an outer housing 801, a ratchet 802, a gear ring 804, ratchet teeth 805, and a first spring 806. The outer housing 801 is fixed to the outside of the tower body 1. The ratchet 802 is rotatably installed inside the outer housing 801. The control grid plate 6 is fixed to the inner side of the ratchet 802. The gear ring 804 is rotatably installed inside the outer housing 801 and sleeved on the outside of the ratchet 802. Ratchet teeth 805 are uniformly installed on the inner side of the gear ring 804. First springs 806 are provided between the ratchet teeth 805 and the inner side of the gear ring 804. A reciprocating assembly for controlling the rotation of the gear ring 804 is provided inside the outer housing 801.

[0027] Local working principle: During the rotation of the control net plate 6, due to the mutual cooperation relationship between the ratchet wheel 802 and the ratchet teeth 805, the ratchet wheel 802 can only rotate clockwise. When the reciprocating assembly controls the tooth ring 804 to rotate counterclockwise, the position of the ratchet wheel 802 remains stationary.

[0028] In this embodiment, fastening pressure rings 803 are threadedly installed at both the inner top and inner bottom of the ratchet wheel 802, and the net plate 6 is located between the two fastening pressure rings 803.

[0029] Local working principle: The net plate 6 is fixed by the two fastening pressure rings 803, making disassembly and assembly more convenient.

[0030] In this embodiment, the reciprocating assembly includes a sleeve 807, a gear 808, a column rod 809, a second spring 810, an arc-shaped groove 811, a slider 812, a sliding rod 813, and a fixed block 814. The sleeve 807 is rotatably installed at the inner bottom of the outer housing 801. A gear 808 meshing with the tooth ring 804 is fixed to the outer side of the sleeve 807. A column rod 809 is vertically slidably arranged inside the sleeve 807. The bottom end of the column rod 809 extends below the outer housing 801. A second spring 810 is provided between the top of the column rod 809 and the inner top of the outer housing 801. An arc-shaped groove 811 is formed on the outer side of the sleeve 807. A slider 812 is slidably arranged inside the arc-shaped groove 811. The slider 812 is fixedly connected to the side of the column rod 809. A sliding rod 813 is fixed to the bottom end of the column rod 809. The sliding rod 813 extends into the C-shaped air duct 9 and is vertically slidably connected to the sliding rod 813. A fixed block 814 is fixed to the bottom end of the sliding rod 813, and the driving mechanism 10 controls the vertical lifting of the fixed block 814.

[0031] Local working principle: When the pressure drop across the packing layer exceeds the threshold value > 10 kPa, the driving mechanism 10 will control the upward movement of the fixed block 814 at this time, compress the second spring 810, and store energy during the upward movement. The slider 812 on the column rod 809 slides inside the arc-shaped groove 811, applying a thrust to the sleeve 807, controlling the gear 808 on the sleeve 807 to rotate clockwise, driving the tooth ring 804, and the tooth ring 804 rotates counterclockwise. The position of the ratchet wheel 802 remains stationary. Therefore, the upward movement of the column rod 809 will be labor-saving. After the column rod 809 moves to the topmost position, the driving mechanism 10 is separated from the fixed block 814 at this time, and the second spring 810 instantaneously releases a large elastic force to push the column rod 809 to move downward rapidly. The column rod 809 rotates counterclockwise, controlling the tooth ring 804 to rotate clockwise, and the ratchet teeth 805 are inserted into the ratchet wheel 802, controlling the net plate 6 on the ratchet wheel 802 to drive the lever 7 to rotate. The net plate 6 rotates at a speed of 5 - 20 rpm, and the lever 7 disturbs the bulk packing 4.

[0032] In this embodiment, the driving mechanism 10 includes a positioning ring 1001, a piston 1002, a third spring 1003, a connecting rod 1004, and a trapezoidal supporting block 1005. The positioning ring 1001 is fixed to the vertical bottom end of the U-shaped air duct 9. A piston 1002 is vertically slidably arranged inside the U-shaped air duct 9. A third spring 1003 is provided between the bottom end of the piston 1002 and the positioning ring 1001. The bottom end of the piston 1002 is fixed with a connecting rod 1004. The bottom end of the connecting rod 1004 is installed with a trapezoidal supporting block 1005. The top end of the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 is attached to the bottom of the fixed block 814. A translation assembly for separating from the fixed block 814 is provided on the trapezoidal supporting block 1005.

[0033] Partial working principle: When the pressure drop of the packing layer exceeds the threshold value > 10 kPa, the air pressure will control the piston 1002 to move upward at this time. During the upward movement of the piston 1002, the third spring 1003 will be stretched, and at the same time, the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 will cooperate to lift the fixed block 814 upward. After the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 controls the fixed block 814 to move to the topmost position, the translation assembly controls the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 to move away from the fixed block 814 and separate from the fixed block 814.

[0034] In this embodiment, the translation assembly includes a strip-shaped groove 1006, a fourth spring 1007, a guide groove 1008, and a push rod 1009. The strip-shaped groove 1006 is opened at the top of the trapezoidal supporting block 1005. The bottom end of the connecting rod 1004 is located inside the strip-shaped groove 1006 and linearly slides inside the strip-shaped groove 1006. A fourth spring 1007 is provided between the side of the connecting rod 1004 close to the fixed block 814 and the end of the strip-shaped groove 1006. A guide groove 1008 is opened at the top of the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 close to the fixed block 814. A push rod 1009 is fixed to the U-shaped air duct 9 directly above the guide groove 1008.

[0035] Partial working principle: After the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 is about to move to the topmost position, the push rod 1009 will insert into the guide groove 1008 at this time, apply a pushing force to the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 to separate the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 from the fixed block 814. After the pressure drop of the packing layer decreases, the piston 1002 resets under the pulling force of the third spring 1003, and the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 moves downward to the lower side of the fixed block 814 again.

[0036] In this embodiment, the bottom end of the push rod 1009 is provided with an inclined surface parallel to the inner bottom of the guide groove 1008, and a wear-resistant coating is provided between the bottom end of the push rod 1009 and the inner side of the guide groove 1008.

[0037] Partial working principle: Ensure the pushing effect of the push rod 1009 on the trapezoidal supporting block 1005 during use.

[0038] Such as Figure 1-Figure 8As shown, this embodiment provides a method for using a multi-stage energy-saving fractionating tower as follows: Step 1: The crude oil is heated to a certain temperature in the heating furnace, and part of the light components are vaporized to form an oil-gas mixture, which enters the interior of the tower body 1 from the gas distributor 101 and flows from bottom to top. The components are separated by using the temperature gradient of 150-400°C and the pressure gradient of 0.1-0.5MPa in the tower body 1. The heavy components with a temperature of more than 350°C remain in liquid form in the high temperature zone at the bottom of the tower and are pumped out as heavy oil fractions through the bottom pump. The middle fractions with a temperature of 180-350°C are condensed in the middle temperature zone of the tower, collected in the liquid collecting tank 103 and then pumped out through the side line. The light components with a temperature of less than 180°C continue to rise to the low temperature zone of about 100°C at the top of the tower, and are formed into tower top products through the condensation system. Step 2: The precise geometric structure of the structured packing 3 forms a uniform liquid film, and the random stacking of the bulk packing 4 enhances the turbulence effect, achieving efficient contact between the gas and liquid phases. After long-term use, the bulk packing 4 will have a certain degree of clogging; Step 3: When the pressure drop of the packing layer exceeds the threshold value>10kPa, the air pressure will control the piston 1002 to move upward. During the upward movement of the piston 1002, the third spring 1003 will be stretched, and the fixed block 814 will be lifted upward in cooperation with the trapezoidal support block 1005. When the fixed block 814 rises vertically, it will control the column 809 to move vertically upward, compressing the second spring 810. The slider 812 on the column 809 slides inside the arc groove 811, exerting thrust on the sleeve 807, controlling the gear 808 on the sleeve 807 to rotate clockwise, and driving the gear ring 804. When the gear ring 804 rotates counterclockwise, the position of the ratchet 802 remains stationary, so the upward movement of the column 809 will save effort; Step 4: After the trapezoidal support block 1005 is about to move to the top, the push rod 1009 will be inserted into the guide groove 1008, exerting a moving thrust on the trapezoidal support block 1005, separating the trapezoidal support block 1005 from the fixed block 814, and the second spring 810 will instantly release a large elastic force to push the column rod 809 to move down quickly, the column rod 809 rotates counterclockwise, and the control gear ring 804 rotates clockwise, and the ratchet 805 is inserted into the ratchet wheel 802, and the mesh plate 6 on the control ratchet wheel 802 drives the lever 7 to rotate, and the mesh plate 6 rotates at a speed of 5-20rpm, and the lever 7 disturbs the bulk filler 4, and then the pressure drop of the filler layer will be reduced and stabilized in the range of 5-8kPa; Step 5: After the pressure drop of the packing layer decreases, the piston 1002 is reset under the pulling force of the third spring 1003, and the trapezoidal support block 1005 moves down to below the fixed block 814 again. When the pressure drop increases, the above steps are continued to stir the bulk packing 4.

[0039] The above description is only a further embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention within the scope disclosed by the present invention, which belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower, comprising a tower body (1), a gas distributor (101) installed at the bottom end of the tower body (1), a gas outlet (102) installed at the middle position of the top end of the tower body (1), a liquid collecting tank (103) arranged in layers inside the tower body (1), and a spray-type liquid distributor (104) evenly arranged inside the tower body (1), characterized in that: The interior of the tower body (1) is provided with lower partition plates (2) on different horizontal planes. Regular packing (3) is provided on the top of each lower partition plate (2). Random packing (4) is provided on the top of each regular packing (3). Upper partition plates (5) cover the top of each random packing (4). Mesh plates (6) are horizontally and rotatably installed inside each random packing (4). Poking rods (7) are uniformly and vertically fixed to the top and bottom of each mesh plate (6). A rotating mechanism (8) for controlling the rotation of the mesh plate (6) is provided on the side of the tower body (1). C-shaped gas guide pipes (9) are uniformly arranged on the side of the tower body (1) and between the bottom of the lower partition plate (2) and the top of the upper partition plate (5). A driving mechanism (10) for providing power to the rotating mechanism (8) is provided inside the C-shaped gas guide pipe (9).

2. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: Microporous ceramic membranes (11) are provided at both ends of the C-shaped gas guide pipe (9), and the pore diameter of the microporous ceramic membrane (11) is 0.4 - 0.6 μm.

3. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh plate (6) is located at the middle position of the random packing (4), and the poking rod (7) is cylindrical in shape.

4. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (8) includes an outer protective shell (801), a ratchet wheel (802), a toothed ring (804), ratchet teeth (805), and a first spring (806). The outer protective shell (801) is fixed to the outside of the tower body (1). The ratchet wheel (802) is rotatably installed inside the outer protective shell (801). The mesh plate (6) is fixed to the inner side of the ratchet wheel (802). The toothed ring (804) is rotatably installed inside the outer protective shell (801) and sleeved on the outside of the ratchet wheel (802). Ratchet teeth (805) are uniformly installed on the inner side of the toothed ring (804). First springs (806) are provided between the ratchet teeth (805) and the inner side of the toothed ring (804). A reciprocating assembly for controlling the rotation of the toothed ring (804) is provided inside the outer protective shell (801).

5. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 4, characterized in that: Fastening pressure rings (803) are threadedly installed at the inner top and inner bottom of the ratchet wheel (802), and the mesh plate (6) is located between the two fastening pressure rings (803).

6. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reciprocating assembly includes a sleeve (807), a gear (808), a column rod (809), a second spring (810), an arc-shaped groove (811), a slider (812), a sliding rod (813), and a fixed block (814). The sleeve (807) is rotatably installed at the inner bottom of the outer housing (801). A gear (808) meshing with the toothed ring (804) is fixed on the outer side of the sleeve (807). A column rod (809) is vertically slidably arranged inside the sleeve (807). The bottom end of the column rod (809) extends below the outer housing (801). A second spring (810) is provided between the top of the column rod (809) and the inner top of the outer housing (801). An arc-shaped groove (811) is formed on the outer side of the sleeve (807). A slider (812) is slidably arranged inside the arc-shaped groove (811). The slider (812) is fixedly connected to the side of the column rod (809). A sliding rod (813) is fixed to the bottom end of the column rod (809). The sliding rod (813) extends into the C-shaped air duct (9) and is vertically slidably connected to the sliding rod (813). A fixed block (814) is fixed to the bottom end of the sliding rod (813). The driving mechanism (10) controls the vertical lifting of the fixed block (814).

7. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (10) includes a positioning ring (1001), a piston (1002), a third spring (1003), a connecting rod (1004), and a trapezoidal supporting block (1005). The positioning ring (1001) is fixed to the vertical bottom end of the C-shaped air duct (9). A piston (1002) is vertically slidably arranged inside the C-shaped air duct (9). A third spring (1003) is provided between the bottom end of the piston (1002) and the positioning ring (1001). A connecting rod (1004) is fixed to the bottom end of the piston (1002). A trapezoidal supporting block (1005) is installed at the bottom end of the connecting rod (1004). The top end of the trapezoidal supporting block (1005) fits against the bottom of the fixed block (814). A translation assembly for separating from the fixed block (814) is provided on the trapezoidal supporting block (1005).

8. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 7, characterized in that: The translation assembly includes a strip-shaped groove (1006), a fourth spring (1007), a guide groove (1008), and a push rod (1009). The strip-shaped groove (1006) is formed on the top of the trapezoidal supporting block (1005). The bottom end of the connecting rod (1004) is located inside the strip-shaped groove (1006) and linearly slides inside the strip-shaped groove (1006). A fourth spring (1007) is provided between the side of the connecting rod (1004) close to the fixed block (814) and the end of the strip-shaped groove (1006). A guide groove (1008) is formed on the top of the trapezoidal supporting block (1005) close to the fixed block (814). A push rod (1009) is fixed to the C-shaped air duct (9) directly above the guide groove (1008).

9. A multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom end of the push rod (1009) is provided with an inclined surface parallel to the inner bottom of the guide groove (1008), and a wear-resistant coating is provided between the bottom end of the push rod (1009) and the inner side of the guide groove (1008).

10. A method for using a multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower, based on the multi-stage energy-saving fractionation tower according to claim 9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: The crude oil is heated to a certain temperature in a heating furnace, and part of the light components are vaporized to form an oil-gas mixture, which enters the interior of the tower body (1) from the gas distributor (101), flows from bottom to top, and separates the components by utilizing the temperature gradient (150-400°C) and pressure gradient (0.1-0.5MPa) in the tower body (1). The heavy components (>350°C) remain in liquid form in the high temperature zone at the bottom of the tower and are pumped out as heavy oil fractions through a tower bottom pump. The middle fractions (180-350°C) are condensed in the middle temperature zone of the tower, collected in a liquid collecting tank (103), and then pumped out through a side line. The light components (<180°C) continue to rise to the low temperature zone (about 100°C) at the top of the tower and are formed into tower top products through a condensation system. Step 2: The precise geometric structure of the structured packing (3) forms a uniform liquid film, and the random stacking of the bulk packing (4) enhances the turbulence effect, achieving efficient contact between the gas and liquid phases. After long-term use, the bulk packing (4) will have a certain degree of clogging; Step 3: When the pressure drop of the packing layer exceeds the threshold value (>10kPa), the air pressure will control the piston (1002) to move upward. During the upward movement of the piston (1002), the third spring (1003) will be stretched, and the fixed block (814) will be lifted upward in cooperation with the trapezoidal support block (1005). When the fixed block (814) rises vertically, it will control the column rod (809) to move vertically upward, compressing the second spring (810). The slider (812) on the column rod (809) slides inside the arc groove (811), exerting a thrust on the sleeve (807), controlling the gear (808) on the sleeve (807) to rotate clockwise, and driving the toothed ring (804). When the toothed ring (804) rotates counterclockwise, the position of the ratchet (802) remains stationary, so that the upward movement of the column rod (809) will save effort. Step 4: After the trapezoidal support block (1005) is about to move to the top, the push rod (1009) is inserted into the guide groove (1008), exerting a moving thrust on the trapezoidal support block (1005), separating the trapezoidal support block (1005) from the fixed block (814), and the second spring (810) instantly releases a large elastic force to push the column rod (809) to move downward quickly, the column rod (809) rotates counterclockwise, the control gear ring (804) rotates clockwise, the ratchet (805) is inserted into the ratchet wheel (802), and the mesh plate (6) on the control ratchet wheel (802) drives the lever (7) to rotate, the mesh plate (6) rotates at a speed of 5-20rpm, and the lever (7) disturbs the bulk filler (4), and then the pressure drop of the filler layer is reduced and stabilized within the range of 5-8kPa; Step 5: After the pressure drop of the packing layer decreases, the piston (1002) is reset under the pulling force of the third spring (1003), and the trapezoidal support block (1005) moves down again to below the fixed block (814). When the pressure drop increases, the above steps are continued to stir the bulk packing (4).

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