Precise forming die and forming method for automobile body parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle body part precision forming mold and a forming method, and relates to the technical field of vehicle body part manufacturing. According to the precise forming die and method for the automobile body parts, in order to effectively control the friction force difference, the working face of the die can be designed in a partitioned mode, and the die is divided into a plurality of working areas according to the shape of the parts and friction force distribution in the stamping process; different surface treatments or different materials are adopted for each area according to the friction pressure borne by the area, so that the uniformity of friction force is guaranteed. According to the precise forming mold for the vehicle body parts, the friction force difference is effectively reduced through the mold partition design, reasonable multi-point stress distribution and customized bush and roller design, it is ensured that the parts are evenly stressed, an efficient cooling system keeps the temperature of the mold stable through the measures of a built-in cooling pipeline, adjustable temperature control, alternate cooling and heating cooling and the like, and therefore the precision of the vehicle body parts is improved. Overheating and deformation are prevented, and the durability of the die and the quality of stamping parts are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vehicle body parts manufacturing, and in particular to a precision molding die and a molding method for vehicle body parts. Background Art

[0002] Precision forming dies for body parts are widely used in automobile manufacturing to meet the requirements for high precision, good surface quality and structural strength. These dies adopt advanced design and high-performance materials, and can stably stamp out parts that meet specifications under high temperature and high pressure conditions, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing costs. However, the existing technology still has certain defects. For example, the mold cooling system cannot completely avoid local overheating and temperature fluctuations, which may cause deformation or damage to the mold. The application cost of some high-performance materials and surface treatment technologies is relatively high, which affects the widespread use of molds. In addition, with the continuous improvement of the precision and complexity of parts, it is difficult for existing mold designs to fully meet the requirements of high precision and stability. The integration and adaptability of intelligent monitoring systems are also limited. These problems restrict the further improvement of mold performance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and to provide a precision molding die and molding method for vehicle body parts, which can solve the problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a precision molding die for a vehicle body component, comprising: a. the basic structure of the precision molding die

[0005] Die partition design: In order to effectively control the difference in friction, the working surface of the die can be partitioned. According to the shape of the part and the distribution of friction during the stamping process, the die can be divided into multiple working areas. Each area uses different surface treatments or different materials according to the friction pressure it is subjected to, so as to ensure the uniformity of friction.

[0006] Multi-point force distribution: When designing the mold, multiple force points are used to ensure that the parts are evenly stressed; by optimizing the matching relationship between the punch and the die, the material is evenly stressed to avoid deviation;

[0007] Customized bushing and roller design: In order to reduce friction, suitable bushings or roller devices can be designed in the mold. These devices can automatically adjust during the part stamping process to reduce the direct friction between the part and the mold, thereby reducing the problem of uneven friction;

[0008] b. Efficient cooling system

[0009] Built-in cooling channel design: Cooling channels are set in the core components of the mold to continuously cool the mold surface through directional flow of coolant; the cooling channels can be arranged in different ways according to the working temperature and temperature distribution of the mold, such as spiral pipe or mesh pipe design, to achieve better cooling effect;

[0010] Adjustable temperature cooling system: Introducing a temperature control device into the mold cooling system can adjust the flow and temperature of the coolant in real time according to the working temperature of the mold to avoid mold damage caused by overheating;

[0011] Hot and cold alternating cooling system: In order to deal with the local overheating problem during long-term stamping, a hot and cold alternating cooling system can be designed to alternately use low-temperature and high-temperature coolants to quickly cool the mold in different time periods; hot and cold alternating cooling can effectively reduce mold temperature fluctuations and avoid thermal expansion and contraction problems caused by large temperature differences;

[0012] c.Mold material and surface treatment

[0013] Selection of wear-resistant alloy materials: Choose special alloy materials with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance to manufacture molds, especially the working surface of the mold and the part in contact with the material. Use high-performance materials such as titanium alloy and cemented carbide to increase the durability of the mold;

[0014] Surface coating technology: Efficient coating treatment of the mold surface, such as nitriding or chrome plating, can reduce friction and extend the life of the mold; these coatings can not only improve the wear resistance of the mold, but also improve the surface quality of the stamping parts and reduce possible defects in the molding process;

[0015] Surface microstructure design: Use microstructure optimization technology to perform special processing on the mold surface, such as using laser micromachining technology to create tiny grooves or textures on the mold surface to enhance lubrication and reduce friction;

[0016] d. Intelligent monitoring and automation system of mold

[0017] Integration of temperature sensor and pressure sensor: Temperature and pressure sensors are installed at key parts of the mold (such as the punch, die, cooling channel, etc.) to monitor the mold temperature and pressure changes during the stamping process in real time; when abnormally high temperature or uneven pressure occurs, the system will automatically adjust the cooling system or alarm to remind the operator to avoid damage to the mold due to excessive temperature or uneven pressure;

[0018] Automatic flushing and cooling system: An automatic flushing device is integrated into the mold design; when the mold temperature is too high, the system will automatically start the coolant circulation, directly flushing the mold surface through spraying or airflow to take away the heat and avoid mold damage caused by overheating;

[0019] Friction detection system: By installing a friction detection device, the friction between the parts and the mold surface is monitored in real time, and the friction distribution is analyzed through computer algorithms to optimize the cooling system and surface treatment solutions to ensure uniform distribution of friction during the stamping process.

[0020] Preferably, each area in the mold partition design will use different surface treatments or different materials to optimize the uniformity of friction (working area 3 to 5 zones; friction difference ≤ 10%); wear-resistant alloys, tungsten alloy bushings and ceramic roller devices are used in the customized bushing and roller design (bushing inner diameter: 5 to 10 mm according to the part size; roller design: diameter 5 to 10 mm, material selected high hardness alloy steel).

[0021] Preferably, the cooling channels in the efficient cooling system are arranged according to the working temperature and temperature distribution of the mold, and spiral or mesh cooling channels are designed (channel diameter: 6-8 mm; channel length: determined according to the actual structure of the mold, designed to be 15-30 cm; coolant flow rate: ≥2 m / s); two sets of cooling channels are designed to regularly exchange low-temperature and high-temperature coolants (temperature difference: 15-30°C; alternating cycle: alternating cooling every 10-20 minutes).

[0022] Preferably, in the mold material and surface treatment, titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) or cemented carbide (WC-Co) is selected for the working surface of the mold and the part in contact with the parts; the surface coating material is nitrided and chrome-plated (nitrided layer thickness: 1 to 2 μm; chrome-plated layer thickness: 2 to 5 μm); the flushing time in the automatic flushing and cooling system is ≤3 minutes, and the liquid flow rate is 5 to 10 L / min.

[0023] The method for precision molding of body parts, using the above-mentioned precision molding mold for body parts, comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1. Parts preparation and raw material selection

[0025] Material selection: Choose suitable metal materials, such as high-strength steel, aluminum alloy, etc., based on the specific requirements of automotive parts. For parts such as body panels, thin sheet steel can be selected to ensure that the formed parts have sufficient strength and corrosion resistance;

[0026] Pretreatment of raw materials: Before molding, ensure that the surface of the raw materials is flat and free of defects, and carry out appropriate preheating or pretreatment to avoid cracks or defects on the material surface.

[0027] S2.Mould installation and debugging

[0028] Mold installation: Install the designed precision forming mold on the stamping machine, ensure that all parts of the mold (such as punch, die, cooling channel, friction detection device, etc.) are installed normally, and the working area partitions are accurately docked;

[0029] Cooling system debugging: debug the cooling system in the mold, including the flow rate, temperature, flow direction of the cooling pipe, etc. of the coolant, to ensure that the cooling system can work stably and deal with possible overheating problems of the mold in time;

[0030] Friction detection system and sensor calibration: Calibrate the temperature sensor, pressure sensor and friction detection system in the mold to ensure that the system can accurately monitor the working status of the mold and parts in real time.

[0031] S3. Stamping process

[0032] Material feeding: feed the pre-treated raw materials into the feed port of the mold; according to the mold design, the feeding direction and speed must be precisely controlled to ensure that the material can enter the mold smoothly without jamming or unevenness;

[0033] Forming stamping: After the die is started, the punch press will gradually apply pressure to press the material into the die to form the basic shape of the component; during the stamping process, the multi-point force design of the die can evenly distribute the pressure to avoid material deviation or deformation;

[0034] Temperature control and friction monitoring: During the entire stamping process, the cooling system in the mold will continue to work to reduce the temperature of the mold and avoid overheating; at the same time, the friction detection system monitors the friction between the parts and the mold in real time. Once an abnormal fluctuation occurs, the system will automatically adjust the cooling system or issue an alarm.

[0035] S4. Cooling and temperature reduction

[0036] Coolant flow: During the stamping process, the cooling channels built into the mold will continuously cool with directional coolant to ensure that the surface and internal temperature of the mold are effectively controlled;

[0037] Alternating hot and cold cooling: During the long stamping process, the alternating hot and cold cooling system periodically changes the temperature of the coolant to reduce local temperature fluctuations and avoid mold damage caused by thermal expansion and contraction;

[0038] External airflow cooling: The surface of the mold is also assisted by an external airflow cooling device to help reduce the mold surface temperature and ensure the stability of the mold during long-term operation.

[0039] S5.Automatic flushing and cooling

[0040] Automatic flushing device starts: When the mold surface temperature rises to the preset range, the automatic flushing system starts to directly flush the mold surface by spraying coolant or air flow to take away the heat and keep the mold temperature within a reasonable range;

[0041] Real-time monitoring: Temperature and pressure sensors monitor temperature fluctuations and pressure changes during the stamping process in real time to ensure that the mold does not overheat or overpressurize, and to avoid wear or deformation of the mold surface.

[0042] S6. Discharging and post-processing of molded parts

[0043] Discharging of molded parts: After stamping, the parts are pushed out through the discharge device of the mold to ensure that the molded parts are not excessively deformed or damaged; according to the design of the molded parts, the parts may need to be post-processed such as deburring and trimming;

[0044] Surface inspection and treatment: After the mold is formed, the surface quality of the parts is inspected; by optimizing the mold surface microstructure and coating treatment, the surface of the molded parts can be ensured to be smooth and flawless; if there are small defects on the surface, the surface quality of the molded parts can be improved through subsequent surface treatment technologies such as spraying or electroplating.

[0045] S7.Quality Control and Testing

[0046] Size and shape inspection: Use precision measuring tools (such as three-coordinate measuring machines) to inspect the size and shape of the molded parts to ensure that they meet the design requirements;

[0047] Mechanical properties testing: For some important automotive parts, mechanical properties testing is also required to ensure that they have sufficient strength and rigidity to meet usage requirements.

[0048] S8. Mould maintenance and care

[0049] Regular inspection: Regularly inspect the mold, including surface wear, crack detection, cooling system cleaning, etc., to ensure that the mold is always in the best working condition;

[0050] Friction and temperature optimization: According to the feedback from the friction detection system, timely adjust the coolant flow or friction force distribution to further optimize the working performance of the mold;

[0051] Surface maintenance: The surface coating of the mold is regularly inspected and updated, especially the wear-resistant alloy and coating parts of the working surface, to ensure the long life of the mold.

[0052] Preferably, the high-strength steel materials selected in the material selection include Q460 and Q550 series; aluminum alloy: used to reduce the weight of the vehicle body and improve fuel efficiency, aluminum alloys such as 6061 and 7075 are usually selected; aluminum alloy has good corrosion resistance and is suitable for application in vehicle body exterior panels, wheels, etc.; surface treatment technology: pre-treat the material surface (such as pickling, sandblasting, etc.) to ensure that the material is defect-free; in addition, in terms of surface coating treatment, commonly used treatment methods include electroplating, spraying, anodizing, etc. to improve corrosion resistance and aesthetics.

[0053] Preferably, the design of the discharging device needs to consider the shape, size and production speed of the parts; common discharging methods include robotic arm grabbing, pneumatic devices, etc., and the accuracy is usually 1-2mm; Post-processing: Deburring and trimming: Deburring is a very important post-processing step. Common deburring methods include manual repair, mechanical trimming and laser cutting; the trimming error is usually controlled at ±0.5mm; Surface treatment: Electroplating and spraying can improve the appearance and corrosion resistance of parts. The surface quality inspection index usually requires the surface roughness (Ra) to be less than 0.8μm.

[0054] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] (1) The precision molding mold for body parts, mold partition design, reasonable multi-point force distribution, and customized bushing and roller design effectively reduce friction differences, ensure uniform force on parts, reduce uneven friction and wear, and thus improve molding accuracy and production efficiency; the efficient cooling system maintains the stability of the mold temperature through built-in cooling pipes, adjustable temperature control, and hot and cold alternating cooling, thereby preventing overheating and deformation, and improving the durability of the mold and the quality of stamping parts; the application of wear-resistant alloy materials and surface coating technology extends the service life of the mold and improves the surface quality; the integration of intelligent monitoring and automation systems monitors temperature, pressure, and friction in real time, ensuring the optimal adjustment of the mold working state, further improving the stability and automation level of production, and thus providing strong support for efficient and precise production of body parts.

[0056] (2) The precision forming method for body parts selects appropriate metal materials and performs pretreatment, which effectively avoids material defects and ensures the strength and corrosion resistance of parts. The installation and debugging of the mold ensure the smooth progress of the precision forming process. The stable debugging of the cooling system effectively prevents overheating of the mold. The friction detection system ensures the uniform distribution of friction and avoids deformation or damage of parts. Temperature control and friction monitoring during the stamping process further improve production stability. The design of hot and cold alternating cooling and automatic flushing devices effectively reduces temperature fluctuations, protects the mold and extends its service life. The molded parts undergo precision testing and post-processing to ensure that their size, shape and mechanical properties meet the design requirements, improve the reliability and safety of the parts, and ultimately achieve efficient, precise and stable production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0058] Figure 1 It is the structural diagram of the device a and b of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 It is the structural diagram of the device c and d of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 It is a process flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] See also Figure 1-3 The present invention provides a technical solution: a precision molding die for vehicle body parts, comprising: a. The basic structure of the precision molding die: die partition design: in order to effectively control the difference in friction, the working surface of the die can be designed by partition, and the die is divided into multiple working areas according to the shape of the part and the friction distribution during the stamping process. Each area adopts different surface treatments or different materials according to the friction pressure it is subjected to, so as to ensure the uniformity of friction; multi-point force distribution: when designing the die, multiple force points are used to ensure that the parts are uniformly stressed; by optimizing the matching relationship between the punch and the die, the material is ensured to be uniformly stressed to avoid offset; customized bushing and roller design: in order to reduce friction, a suitable bushing or roller device can be designed in the die, which can be automatically adjusted during the stamping process of the part to reduce the direct friction between the part and the die, thereby reducing the problem of uneven friction;

[0062] b. Efficient cooling system: Built-in cooling pipe design: Cooling channels are set in the core components of the mold to continuously cool the mold surface through directional flow of coolant; the cooling pipes can be arranged in different ways according to the working temperature and temperature distribution of the mold, such as spiral pipe or mesh pipe design, to achieve better cooling effect; adjustable temperature cooling system: the temperature control device is introduced into the mold cooling system, which can adjust the flow and temperature of the coolant in real time according to the working temperature of the mold to avoid mold damage caused by overheating; hot and cold alternating cooling system: in order to deal with the problem of local overheating during long-term stamping, a hot and cold alternating cooling system can be designed, alternating between low-temperature and high-temperature coolants to quickly cool the mold in different time periods; hot and cold alternating cooling can effectively reduce mold temperature fluctuations and avoid thermal expansion and contraction problems caused by excessive temperature differences;

[0063] c. Mold material and surface treatment: Wear-resistant alloy material selection: Select special alloy materials with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance to manufacture molds, especially the working surface of the mold and the part in contact with the material. Use high-performance materials such as titanium alloy and cemented carbide to increase the durability of the mold; Surface coating technology: Perform efficient coating treatment on the mold surface, such as nitriding or chrome plating, to reduce friction and extend the life of the mold; These coatings can not only improve the wear resistance of the mold, but also improve the surface quality of the stamping parts and reduce possible defects in the molding process; Surface microstructure design: Use microstructure optimization technology to perform special processing on the mold surface, such as using laser micromachining technology to create tiny grooves or textures on the mold surface to enhance the lubrication effect and reduce friction;

[0064] d. Intelligent monitoring and automation system of the mold: Integration of temperature sensor and pressure sensor: Install temperature and pressure sensors at key parts of the mold (such as punch, die, cooling channel, etc.) to monitor the mold temperature and pressure changes during the stamping process in real time; when abnormally high temperature or uneven pressure occurs, the system will automatically adjust the cooling system or alarm to remind the operator to avoid damage to the mold due to excessive temperature or uneven pressure; Automatic flushing and cooling system: Integrate an automatic flushing device in the mold design; when the mold temperature is too high, the system will automatically start the coolant circulation, directly flush the mold surface through spraying or airflow, take away the heat, and avoid damage to the mold due to overheating; Friction detection system: By installing a friction detection device, the friction between the parts and the mold surface is monitored in real time, and the friction distribution is analyzed through computer algorithms, the cooling system and surface treatment scheme are optimized, and the uniform distribution of friction during the stamping process is ensured.

[0065] Among them, each area in the mold partition design will use different surface treatments or different materials to optimize the uniformity of friction (working area 3 to 5 zones; friction difference ≤ 10%); wear-resistant alloys, tungsten alloy bushings and ceramic roller devices are used in customized bushing and roller design (bushing inner diameter: 5 to 10 mm according to the part size; roller design: diameter 5 to 10 mm, material selected high-hardness alloy steel); the cooling channel layout in the efficient cooling system is based on the working temperature and temperature distribution of the mold, and spiral or mesh cooling pipes are designed (pipe diameter: 6 to 8 mm; pipe length: determined according to the actual structure of the mold, Designed to be 15-30cm; coolant flow rate: ≥2m / s); design two sets of cooling channels to regularly exchange low-temperature and high-temperature coolants (temperature difference: 15-30℃; alternating cycle: alternating cooling every 10-20 minutes); choose titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) or cemented carbide (WC-Co) for the working surface of the mold and the part in contact with the parts in the mold material and surface treatment; the surface coating material is nitrided and chrome-plated (nitrided layer thickness: 1-2μm; chrome-plated layer thickness: 2-5μm); the flushing time in the automatic flushing and cooling system is ≤3 minutes, and the liquid flow rate is 5-10L / min.

[0066] The method for precision molding of body parts, using the above-mentioned precision molding mold for body parts, comprises the following steps:

[0067] S1. Preparation of parts and selection of raw materials: Material selection: Select suitable metal materials, such as high-strength steel, aluminum alloy, etc., according to the specific requirements of automotive parts; for parts such as body panels, thin plate steel can be selected to ensure that the formed parts have sufficient strength and corrosion resistance; Pretreatment of raw materials: Before forming, ensure that the surface of the raw materials is flat and free of defects, and perform appropriate preheating or pretreatment to avoid cracks or defects on the material surface.

[0068] S2. Mould installation and debugging: Mould installation: Install the designed precision forming mould on the stamping machine, ensure that all parts of the mould (such as punch, die, cooling channel, friction detection device, etc.) are installed normally, and the working area partitions are accurately docked; Cooling system debugging: Debug the cooling system in the mould, including the flow rate, temperature, flow direction of the cooling pipeline, etc. of the coolant, to ensure that the cooling system can work stably and deal with possible overheating problems of the mould in time; Friction detection system and sensor calibration: Calibrate the temperature sensor, pressure sensor and friction detection system in the mould to ensure that the system can monitor the working status of the mould and parts in real time and accurately.

[0069] S3. Stamping process: Material feeding: feed the pretreated raw materials into the feed port of the mold; according to the mold design, the feeding direction and speed must be precisely controlled to ensure that the material can enter the mold smoothly without jamming or unevenness; Forming stamping: after the mold is started, the punching machine will press the material into the die by gradually applying pressure to form the basic shape of the component; during the stamping process, the multi-point force design of the mold can evenly distribute the pressure to avoid material deviation or deformation; temperature control and friction monitoring: during the entire stamping process, the cooling system in the mold will continue to work to reduce the temperature of the mold and avoid overheating; at the same time, the friction detection system monitors the friction between the component and the mold in real time. Once an abnormal fluctuation occurs, the system will automatically adjust the cooling system or issue an alarm.

[0070] S4. Cooling and temperature reduction: Coolant flow: During the stamping process, the cooling pipe built into the mold will continue to cool with directional coolant to ensure that the surface and internal temperature of the mold are effectively controlled; Alternating hot and cold cooling: During the long stamping process, the alternating hot and cold cooling system periodically changes the temperature of the coolant to reduce local temperature fluctuations and avoid damage to the mold caused by thermal expansion and contraction; External airflow cooling: The surface of the mold is also assisted by an external airflow cooling device to cool the mold surface temperature and ensure the stability of the mold during long-term work.

[0071] S5. Automated flushing and cooling: Automatic flushing device starts: When the mold surface temperature rises to the preset range, the automatic flushing system starts, and directly flushes the mold surface by spraying coolant or air flow to take away the heat and keep the mold temperature within a reasonable range; Real-time monitoring: Temperature and pressure sensors monitor temperature fluctuations and pressure changes during the stamping process in real time to ensure that the mold does not overheat or overpressure, and avoid wear or deformation of the mold surface.

[0072] S6. Discharging and post-processing of molded parts: Discharging of molded parts: After stamping, the parts are pushed out through the discharge device of the mold to ensure that the molded parts are not excessively deformed or damaged; according to the design of the molded parts, the parts may need to be post-processed such as deburring and trimming; Surface inspection and treatment: After mold forming, the surface quality of the parts is inspected; Through the optimization of the mold surface microstructure and coating treatment, the surface of the molded parts can be ensured to be smooth and flawless; if there are small defects on the surface, the surface quality of the molded parts can be improved through subsequent surface treatment technologies, such as spraying or electroplating.

[0073] S7. Quality control and inspection: Size and shape inspection: Use precision measuring tools (such as three-coordinate measuring machine) to inspect the size and shape of the formed parts to ensure that they meet the design requirements; Mechanical properties inspection: For some important automotive parts, mechanical properties inspection is also required to ensure that they have sufficient strength and rigidity to meet the use requirements.

[0074] S8. Mould maintenance and care: Regular inspection: Regularly inspect the mould, including surface wear, crack detection, cleaning of the cooling system, etc., to ensure that the mould is always in the best working condition; Friction and temperature optimization: According to the feedback from the friction detection system, timely adjust the coolant flow or friction force distribution to further optimize the working performance of the mould; Surface maintenance: Regularly inspect and update the coating on the mould surface, especially the wear-resistant alloy and coating parts on the working surface, to ensure the long life of the mould.

[0075] Among them, high-strength steel materials selected in material selection include Q460 and Q550 series; aluminum alloy: used to reduce the weight of the vehicle body and improve fuel efficiency, aluminum alloys such as 6061 and 7075 are usually selected; aluminum alloys have good corrosion resistance and are suitable for use in vehicle body external panels, wheels, etc.; surface treatment technology: pre-treat the surface of the material (such as pickling, sandblasting, etc.) to ensure that the material is defect-free; in addition, in terms of surface coating treatment, commonly used treatment methods include electroplating, spraying, anodizing, etc. to improve corrosion resistance and aesthetics; the design of the discharge device needs to consider the shape, size and production speed of the parts; common discharge methods include robotic arm grabbing, pneumatic devices, etc., with an accuracy of usually 1-2mm; post-processing: deburring and trimming: deburring is a very important post-processing step, and commonly used deburring methods include manual repair, mechanical trimming and laser cutting; the trimming error is usually controlled at ±0.5mm; surface treatment: electroplating and spraying can improve the appearance and corrosion resistance of parts, and the indicators of surface quality inspection usually require the surface roughness (Ra) to be less than 0.8μm.

[0076] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. Precision forming mold for car body parts, characterized by: include: a. Basic structure of precision molding mold Die partition design: In order to effectively control the difference in friction, the working surface of the die can be partitioned. According to the shape of the part and the distribution of friction during the stamping process, the die can be divided into multiple working areas. Each area uses different surface treatments or different materials according to the friction pressure it is subjected to. Multi-point force distribution: When designing the mold, use multiple force points to ensure that the parts are evenly stressed; Customized bushing and roller design: To reduce friction, suitable bushing or roller device can be designed in the mold; b. Efficient cooling system Built-in cooling channel design: Cooling channels are set in the core components of the mold to continuously cool the mold surface through directional flow of coolant; The cooling pipeline can be designed as spiral pipeline or mesh pipeline according to the working temperature and temperature distribution of the mold; Adjustable temperature cooling system: Introducing a temperature control device into the mold cooling system can adjust the flow and temperature of the coolant in real time according to the working temperature of the mold to avoid mold damage caused by overheating; Hot and cold alternating cooling system: In order to deal with the local overheating problem during long-term stamping, a hot and cold alternating cooling system can be designed to alternately use low-temperature and high-temperature coolants to quickly cool the mold in different time periods; c.Mold material and surface treatment Selection of wear-resistant alloy materials: Choose special alloy materials with high wear resistance and corrosion resistance to manufacture molds, especially the working surface of the mold and the part in contact with the material, use high-performance materials such as titanium alloy and cemented carbide; Surface coating technology: Efficient coating treatment of the mold surface, such as nitriding or chrome plating, to reduce friction and extend the mold life; Surface microstructure design: Use microstructure optimization technology to perform special processing on the mold surface, such as using laser micromachining technology to create tiny grooves or textures on the mold surface; d. Intelligent monitoring and automation system of mold Integration of temperature sensor and pressure sensor: Install temperature and pressure sensors at key parts of the mold (such as punch, die, cooling channel, etc.) to monitor the mold temperature and pressure changes during stamping in real time; Automatic flushing and cooling system: An automatic flushing device is integrated into the mold design; when the mold temperature is too high, the system will automatically start the coolant circulation, directly flushing the mold surface through spraying or airflow to remove heat; Friction detection system: By installing a friction detection device, the friction between the parts and the mold surface is monitored in real time, and the friction distribution is analyzed through computer algorithms to optimize the cooling system and surface treatment solutions to ensure uniform distribution of friction during the stamping process.

2. The precision forming die for vehicle body parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the mold partition design, each area will use different surface treatments or different materials to optimize the uniformity of friction (working area 3 to 5 zones; friction difference ≤ 10%); wear-resistant alloys, tungsten alloy bushings and ceramic roller devices are used in the customized bushing and roller design (bushing inner diameter: 5 to 10 mm according to the part size; roller design: diameter 5 to 10 mm, material selected is high-hardness alloy steel).

3. The precision forming die for vehicle body parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling channel arrangement in the efficient cooling system is based on the working temperature and temperature distribution of the mold, and a spiral or mesh cooling pipe is designed (pipe diameter: 6-8 mm; pipe length: determined according to the actual structure of the mold, designed to be 15-30 cm; coolant flow rate: ≥2 m / s); two sets of cooling channels are designed to regularly exchange low-temperature and high-temperature coolants (temperature difference: 15-30°C; alternating cycle: alternating cooling every 10-20 minutes).

4. The precision forming die for vehicle body parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: Among the mold materials and surface treatment, titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) or cemented carbide (WC-Co) is selected for the working surface of the mold and the part in contact with the parts; the surface coating material adopts nitriding treatment and chrome plating treatment (nitriding layer thickness: 1-2μm; chrome plating layer thickness: 2-5μm).

5. The precision forming die for vehicle body parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The automatic flushing and cooling system has a flushing time of ≤3 minutes and a liquid flow rate of 5 to 10 L / min.

6. A method for precision molding of vehicle body parts, using the vehicle body parts precision molding die according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Parts preparation and raw material selection Material selection: Choose suitable metal materials, such as high-strength steel, aluminum alloy, etc., based on the specific requirements of automotive parts. For parts such as body panels, thin sheet steel can be selected to ensure that the formed parts have sufficient strength and corrosion resistance; Pretreatment of raw materials: Before molding, ensure that the surface of the raw materials is flat and free of defects, and carry out appropriate preheating or pretreatment to avoid cracks or defects on the material surface. S2.Mould installation and debugging Mold installation: Install the designed precision forming mold on the stamping machine, ensure that all parts of the mold (such as punch, die, cooling channel, friction detection device, etc.) are installed normally, and the working area partitions are accurately docked; Cooling system debugging: debug the cooling system in the mold, including the flow rate, temperature, flow direction of the cooling pipe, etc. of the coolant, to ensure that the cooling system can work stably and deal with possible overheating problems of the mold in time; Friction detection system and sensor calibration: Calibrate the temperature sensor, pressure sensor and friction detection system in the mold to ensure that the system can accurately monitor the working status of the mold and parts in real time. S3. Stamping process Material feeding: feeding the pre-treated raw materials into the feeding port of the mold; According to the mold design, the feeding direction and speed must be precisely controlled to ensure that the material can enter the mold smoothly without jamming or unevenness; Forming stamping: After the die is started, the punch press will gradually apply pressure to press the material into the die to form the basic shape of the component; during the stamping process, the multi-point force design of the die can evenly distribute the pressure to avoid material deviation or deformation; Temperature control and friction monitoring: During the entire stamping process, the cooling system in the mold will continue to work to reduce the temperature of the mold and avoid overheating; at the same time, the friction detection system monitors the friction between the parts and the mold in real time. Once an abnormal fluctuation occurs, the system will automatically adjust the cooling system or issue an alarm. S4. Cooling and temperature reduction Coolant flow: During the stamping process, the cooling channels built into the mold will continuously cool with directional coolant to ensure that the surface and internal temperature of the mold are effectively controlled; Alternating hot and cold cooling: During the long stamping process, the alternating hot and cold cooling system periodically changes the temperature of the coolant to reduce local temperature fluctuations and avoid mold damage caused by thermal expansion and contraction; External airflow cooling: The surface of the mold is also assisted by an external airflow cooling device to help reduce the mold surface temperature and ensure the stability of the mold during long-term operation. S5.Automatic flushing and cooling Automatic flushing device starts: When the mold surface temperature rises to the preset range, the automatic flushing system starts to directly flush the mold surface by spraying coolant or air flow to take away the heat and keep the mold temperature within a reasonable range; Real-time monitoring: Temperature and pressure sensors monitor temperature fluctuations and pressure changes during the stamping process in real time to ensure that the mold does not overheat or overpressurize, and to avoid wear or deformation of the mold surface. S6. Discharging and post-processing of molded parts Discharging of molded parts: After stamping, the parts are pushed out through the discharge device of the mold to ensure that the molded parts are not excessively deformed or damaged; according to the design of the molded parts, the parts may need to be post-processed such as deburring and trimming; Surface inspection and treatment: After the mold is formed, the surface quality of the parts is inspected; by optimizing the mold surface microstructure and coating treatment, the surface of the molded parts can be ensured to be smooth and flawless; if there are small defects on the surface, the surface quality of the molded parts can be improved through subsequent surface treatment technologies such as spraying or electroplating. S7.Quality Control and Testing Size and shape inspection: Use precision measuring tools (such as three-coordinate measuring machines) to inspect the size and shape of the molded parts to ensure that they meet the design requirements; Mechanical properties testing: For some important automotive parts, mechanical properties testing is also required to ensure that they have sufficient strength and rigidity to meet usage requirements. S8. Mould maintenance and care Regular inspection: Regularly inspect the mold, including surface wear, crack detection, cooling system cleaning, etc., to ensure that the mold is always in the best working condition; Friction and temperature optimization: According to the feedback from the friction detection system, timely adjust the coolant flow or friction force distribution to further optimize the working performance of the mold; Surface maintenance: The surface coating of the mold is regularly inspected and updated, especially the wear-resistant alloy and coating parts of the working surface, to ensure the long life of the mold.

7. The method for precision molding of vehicle body parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high-strength steel materials selected in the material selection include Q460 and Q550 series; Aluminum alloy: used to reduce vehicle weight and improve fuel efficiency, usually aluminum alloys such as 6061, 7075, etc. are selected; aluminum alloy has good corrosion resistance and is suitable for use in vehicle body exterior panels, wheels, etc.; surface treatment technology: pre-treat the material surface (such as pickling, sandblasting, etc.) to ensure that the material is defect-free; in addition, in terms of surface coating treatment, commonly used treatment methods include electroplating, spraying, anodizing, etc. to improve corrosion resistance and aesthetics.

8. The method for precision molding of vehicle body parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The design of the discharging device needs to consider the shape, size and production speed of the parts; common discharging methods include robotic arm grasping, pneumatic devices, etc., and the accuracy is usually 1-2mm; Post-processing: Deburring and trimming: Deburring is a very important post-processing step. Common deburring methods include manual repair, mechanical trimming and laser cutting; the trimming error is usually controlled within ±0.5mm; Surface treatment: Electroplating and spraying can improve the appearance and corrosion resistance of parts. The surface quality inspection index usually requires the surface roughness (Ra) to be less than 0.8μm.

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