Parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device and working method

Abstract

The invention relates to a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device and a working method. A workbench is used for bearing a to-be-machined material, and a moving mechanism drives a fusion welding mechanism to achieve lifting motion and front-back and left-right movement on the horizontal plane. The fusion welding mechanism executes laser welding and is provided with at least one set of laser heads, and laser beams generated by the laser transmitter are sent into the laser heads through the modulator. In the modulator, after a laser beam generated by a laser transmitter sequentially passes through a beam expanding device, an energy control system, a reflecting mirror and a first semi-transparent and semi-reflecting mirror, one path of light enters a pulse delay device driven by a one-dimensional motion platform to adjust pulse delay, and the other path of light is reflected and converged and then is shaped into a flat-topped light beam through an aspheric surface shaping system; and after the light passes through the second semi-transparent and semi-reflecting mirror, one part of the light enters the image acquisition module driven by the one-dimensional motion platform to control focusing imaging, and the other part of the light enters the laser head after being diffracted by the concave lens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and in particular to a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device and a working method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Laser welding is a common application in the field of material processing. It uses the heat generated by the laser to diffuse into the material through heat conduction. By controlling parameters such as the width, energy, peak power and repetition frequency of the laser pulse, the workpiece is melted to form a specific molten pool to achieve the welding effect.

[0004] Parallel multi-beam laser welding uses multiple laser sources or beam splitters to generate multiple laser beams, which act on different welding areas at the same time to achieve synchronous welding. For example, a parallel array laser welding device disclosed in CN217889863U. When performing multi-line parallel fusion welding, this type of device is limited and affected by the fusion welding material. Multi-line parallel fusion welding is prone to uneven heat distribution, resulting in uneven shear strength distribution of the welding part, which reduces the shear strength between the welding materials. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device and a working method, which can effectively avoid thermal damage to the material surface, significantly enhance the plasma shock wave intensity in the femtosecond laser irradiation area, achieve an impact strengthening effect that breaks through the optical diffraction limit accuracy, and improve the welding strength of the multi-beam parallel pulse string high-quality and efficient laser welding technology and device, so as to overcome the problem of low welding strength under traditional laser welding.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention is a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device, comprising a workbench and a moving mechanism, wherein the workbench is used to carry the material to be processed, and the moving mechanism drives the fusion welding mechanism to realize lifting movement and forward and backward movement and left and right movement on the horizontal plane;

[0008] The fusion welding mechanism is used to perform laser welding and has at least one set of laser heads, and the laser beam generated by the laser transmitter is sent into the laser head through the modulator;

[0009] In the modulator, the laser beam generated by the laser transmitter passes through the beam expander, energy control system, reflector and the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror in sequence. One of the light beams is emitted into the pulse delay device driven by the one-dimensional motion platform to adjust the pulse delay. The other light beam is shaped into a flat-top beam by the aspheric shaping system after reflection and convergence, and is split into multiple parallel beams by the Dammann grating and convex lens. After passing through the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, part of the light is emitted into the image acquisition module driven by the one-dimensional motion platform to control focusing and imaging, and the other part of the light is emitted into the laser head after passing through the concave lens and diffraction.

[0010] Furthermore, a fixing component for clamping the material to be processed is provided on the upper surface of the workbench, and the fixing component includes a fixed guide rail connected to the upper surface of the workbench, a slidably connected guide block is provided on the fixed guide rail, the top end of the guide block is connected to the lower bottom surface of the fixed plate, the upper top surface of the fixed plate is connected to the placement plate, and a plurality of positioning blocks are slidably connected to the upper surface of the placement plate, and each positioning block is provided with a clamping block, which is used to clamp and fix the material to be processed.

[0011] Furthermore, the moving mechanism includes a second moving component that drives the fusion welding mechanism to realize lifting movement, a first moving component that drives the fusion welding mechanism to realize forward and backward movement on the horizontal plane, and a third moving component that moves left and right.

[0012] Furthermore, the first moving component includes a moving rail arranged on one side of the workbench, the moving cabinet is arranged along the front and rear direction of the horizontal plane, the moving rail is slidably connected to a moving block, the moving block is connected to a moving rod of the second moving component, and the first moving motor drives the transmission mechanism to make the moving block together with the second moving component and the welding mechanism slide linearly along the moving rail.

[0013] Furthermore, the second moving component includes a vertically arranged moving rod, the bottom end of which is connected to the moving block of the first moving component, and a second moving motor is provided at the top. The moving rod is movably connected to a horizontally arranged cross bar, and a movably connected welding mechanism is provided on the cross bar. The second moving motor drives the cross bar together with the welding mechanism to move up and down in the vertical direction through a transmission mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the third moving assembly includes a third moving motor arranged at one end of the cross bar of the second moving assembly, and the third moving motor drives the fusion welding mechanism to move linearly in the horizontal direction through the transmission mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the fusion welding mechanism includes a laser emitter movably connected in the moving mechanism, and the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter is transmitted to the laser head through a modulator. One side of the modulator is connected to the laser emitter, and the other side is connected to the adjustment motor through a connecting part; the laser head has at least one group, and the adjustment motor drives the laser head corresponding to each adjuster to change the irradiation angle by driving multiple adjusters.

[0016] Furthermore, a scanner is provided at the bottom end of the connecting portion for acquiring image information irradiated by the laser head onto the surface of the material to be processed.

[0017] Furthermore, the energy control system includes a half-glass and a polarization beam splitter, which adjusts the polarization direction of the laser by rotating the half-glass, changes the intensity distribution of the transmitted light and the reflected light, and realizes energy regulation.

[0018] A second aspect of the present invention provides a working method of a parallel multi-beam pulsed laser welding device, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Fix the material to be welded, and adjust the position and irradiation angle of the laser head;

[0020] The modulator is started, and a corresponding number of light beams are modulated according to the number of laser heads, and the multiple groups of light beams are parallel to each other, and the multiple groups of light beams are simultaneously irradiated to the processing area of ​​the material to be processed;

[0021] The mobile mechanism moves to perform parallel laser welding.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, one or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. A modulator is used between the laser transmitter and the laser head. The laser transmitter modulates the laser beam through an aspheric mirror system (plano-concave mirror in front and plano-convex mirror in the back) to modulate the Gaussian beam into a flat-top beam. The beam passes through a specially designed plano-concave mirror, which modulates the phase distribution and propagation path of the beam through the aspheric curvature, and applies different degrees of optical path difference to different parts of the beam, thereby changing the phase of the beam. Although the phase and intensity distribution of the beam modulated by the plano-concave mirror have changed, they have not yet reached the requirements of a flat-top beam, and may diverge or converge. Subsequently, the beam passes through a plano-convex mirror that also has a specific aspheric curvature design to further modulate the phase and propagation path of the beam, and corrects the phase and intensity distribution of the beam through secondary modulation to convert it into a flat-top beam. Finally, the phase and intensity distribution of the beam are homogenized to form a flat-top beam, and the intensity distribution at the center and edge of the beam tends to be consistent, realizing the conversion from a Gaussian beam to a flat-top beam. A flat-top beam has a flat intensity distribution, which means that the laser energy is evenly distributed throughout the entire area of ​​the spot, rather than concentrated in the center. Due to the uniform distribution and high utilization of energy, the flat-top beam can improve the efficiency of material processing, especially in welding applications that require large-area heating. The uniform energy distribution provides consistent energy input in the welding area, reducing the risk of overheating or burn-through, and improving welding quality and consistency. At the same time, the penetration depth and width of the weld are more consistent, significantly reducing defects such as pores, cracks, and surface unevenness. In addition, the energy of the flat-top beam is concentrated and uniform, and the heat input is more controllable because the energy is more evenly distributed over a larger area, reducing the risk of local overheating. The process window is wide, the sensitivity to parameter changes is low, and the operation is stable and reliable, which significantly reduces common welding defects such as lack of fusion and weld nodules, and can be used for welding of various materials and thicknesses. Based on the above advantages, the quality of the welded joint is improved.

[0024] 2. Use Dammann grating for efficient beam splitting. Dammann grating is a binary phase Fourier-type beam splitting grating with a periodic microstructure. Its design is based on the precise control of the number and relative position of phase breakpoints to achieve phase modulation of the incident flat-top light. Through this modulation, the Dammann grating can produce several main diffraction orders in the far field, each of which produces a sub-beam with uniform intensity distribution, thereby achieving uniform beam splitting from one beam to multiple beams of light, and adjusting the divergent beam to a parallel beam through a convex lens. It has high efficiency, high spatial resolution and flexibility, and can adjust the divergence angle, direction and number of output beams according to application requirements. The uniformity of the light intensity distribution of the output beam does not depend on the specific distribution of the incident light wave, and can maintain efficient beam splitting even under non-ideal flat-top light conditions. By optimizing the Dammann grating, the number, intensity, direction and phase relationship of the output beams can be precisely controlled. When the laser beam is split, according to the number of laser heads installed, the Dammann grating is used to modulate a suitable laser beam, so that the modulated laser beam corresponds to one laser head, which improves the utilization efficiency of the laser. At the same time, the position of the welding beam focus can be adjusted, which improves the controllability of the laser welding intensity, so that the energy of the laser beam can be reasonably distributed, and the laser beam intensity during the melting process is more uniform. When welding the welding material through multiple laser heads, the gaps in the heat-affected zones formed by multiple laser beams on the welding material make the gaps between the parallel lines merge. When irradiated on the welding material, a diffused area molten pool is formed, which increases the size of the molten pool and is conducive to improving the stability of the molten pool and reducing the generation of welding microcracks and bubbles. The multiple parallel laser beams obtained after beam splitting can fill the gaps with more molten material, increase the contact area of ​​the weld, and improve the shear strength of the transparent hard and brittle material joints.

[0025] 3. The pulse delay device allows the control of the energy input of each pulse and the time interval between two pulses, thereby accurately controlling the total heat input of the welding point; the first pulse is the main pulse, and the second pulse is the base pulse. The main pulse preheats the material and forms an initial molten pool. The base pulse arrives when the material has not yet completely cooled down to complete the welding, which can increase the welding speed without sacrificing the welding quality; pulse delay can improve the formation of the weld, and the base pulse can arrive before the defects caused by the main start pulse are formed, filling and smoothing the weld; adjusting the pulse delay can control the thermal stress in the welding process and reduce welding deformation, which is especially suitable for welding thin plate materials; pulse train welding can provide two energy pulses continuously in a very short time, improving production efficiency; optimizing the microstructure and material properties of the weld by controlling the cooling rate; different materials can achieve the best welding effect by adjusting the pulse delay; accurately controlling the pulse delay to reduce cracks and pores caused by rapid cooling; more effectively utilizing the laser energy and optimizing the response of each pulse according to the material; pulse delay increases the flexibility and adjustability of the process, and the operation steps are simple, which is easy to realize industrial application. To achieve pulse train welding, a precise control system is required to control the laser's pulse energy, pulse width, pulse interval, repetition frequency and other parameters, so as to achieve efficient, high-quality welding effects and energy utilization.

[0026] 4. Each laser head changes the irradiation angle through the corresponding adjuster, and the irradiation areas of multiple laser heads are focused to make the melting processing area evenly distributed.

[0027] 5. The height of the laser head is adjusted by using the second moving component to make the distance between the focal area and the processed material more reasonable, thereby improving the accuracy of the fusion welding process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is an AA cross-sectional schematic diagram of a parallel multi-beam pulsed laser welding device provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention from a front view perspective;

[0032] Figure 4is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention from another perspective;

[0033] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a parallel multi-beam pulsed laser welding device provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a fusion welding process performed by a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of a parallel system in a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device provided in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 1-Figure 5 In: 100, welding mechanism; 101, laser emitter; 102, modulator; 103, connecting part; 104, laser head; 105, adjuster; 106, adjustment motor; 201, scanner; 210, first moving assembly; 211, moving rail; 212, moving block; 213, first moving motor; 214, first sensor; 220, second moving assembly; 221, moving rod; 222, crossbar; 223, second moving assembly 224, roller; 225, first screw rod; 226, second sensor; 230, third moving assembly; 231, third moving motor; 232, second screw rod; 233, slider; 234, third sensor; 240, fixed assembly; 241, fixed guide rail; 242, guide block; 243, fixed plate; 244, placement plate; 245, positioning block; 246, clamping block; 300, workbench; 400, control panel;

[0037] Figure 7 In: 001 laser beam, 002 beam expander, 003 new laser beam, 004 energy control system, 005 half-slide, 006 polarization beam splitter, 0071 first reflector, 0072 second reflector, 0073 third reflector, 0074 fourth reflector, 0075 fifth reflector, 008 fixing device, 009 half-slide knob, 010 convex lens, 011 first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, 012 one-dimensional motion platform, 013 one-dimensional motion platform mounting plate, 014 aspheric shaping system, 015 CCD camera, 016 aperture, 017 lens barrel fixing frame, 018 lens barrel and lens, 019 parallel beam, 020 second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, 021 Dammann grating, 022 one-dimensional motion platform support, 023 mounting frame, 024 concave lens, 025 observation system, 026 flat-top beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms herein are only intended to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0041] A semi-transparent mirror is an optical element that can reflect and transmit incident light at the same time. It usually divides the incident light into two parts: reflection and transmission, and the ratio can be designed according to needs.

[0042] Pulse delay device is a device used to delay the transmission time of pulse signals, which is commonly used in the fields of electronics, communications and laser technology. Its main function is to delay the input pulse signal for a certain period of time before outputting it, ensuring that the signal reaches the target device at a specific time.

[0043] As introduced in the background technology, when performing multi-line parallel fusion welding, the existing device is limited and affected by the fusion welding materials, which easily produces uneven heat distribution, resulting in uneven shear force distribution of the welding part, reducing the shear strength between the welding materials.

[0044] Therefore, the following embodiments provide a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device and working method, which can effectively avoid thermal damage to the material surface, significantly enhance the plasma shock wave intensity in the laser irradiation area, achieve an impact strengthening effect that breaks through the optical diffraction limit accuracy, and improve the welding strength of a multi-beam parallel pulse train high-quality and efficient laser welding technology and device to overcome the problem of low welding strength under traditional laser welding.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device includes a workbench 300, a control panel 400, a moving mechanism and a fusion welding mechanism 100.

[0047] like Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, the moving mechanism, the control panel 400 and the fusion welding mechanism 100 are all installed on the workbench 300, and the moving mechanism and the fusion welding mechanism 100 are both connected to the control panel 400, which improves the stability of the molten pool, reduces the generation of welding microcracks and bubbles, increases the weld contact area, and improves the shear strength of the weld joint.

[0048] Figure 2 As shown, the fusion welding mechanism 100 includes a laser emitter 101, a modulator 102, a connecting portion 103, a laser head 104, an adjuster 105 and an adjustment motor 106. The laser emitter 101 is mounted on the moving mechanism, the modulator 102 is mounted on the laser emitter 101, the connecting portion 103 is mounted on the modulator 102, a plurality of laser heads 104 are provided, a plurality of adjusters 105 are provided, all of the laser heads 104 are mounted on the adjusters 105, all of the adjusters 105 are slidably mounted on the connecting portion 103, the adjustment motor 106 is mounted on the connecting portion 103, and the adjustment motor 106 drives the adjuster 105 to move.

[0049] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the moving mechanism includes a first moving component 210 , a second moving component 220 , a third moving component 230 , a fixed component 240 and a scanner 201 .

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the first moving component 210 includes a moving rail 211, a moving block 212, a first moving motor 213 and a first sensor 214. The moving rail 211 is installed on one side of the workbench 300, the moving block 212 is slidably installed on the moving rail 211, the first moving motor 213 is installed on the moving block 212, the first sensor 214 is installed on one side of the workbench 300 close to the first moving component 210, and the scanner 201 is installed at the lower end of the connecting part 103.

[0051] The first moving motor 213 drives the moving block 212 to move linearly along the moving rail 211 through a transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism can be a gear rack structure or a lead screw slider structure. This embodiment does not limit the specific structural type.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, the second moving assembly 220 includes a moving rod 221, a cross bar 222, a second moving motor 223, a roller 224, a first screw rod 225 and a second sensor 226. The moving rod 221 is installed at the upper end of the moving platform, the cross bar 222 is installed on the moving rod 221, the laser transmitter 101 is installed on the cross bar 222, the second moving motor 223 is installed at the upper end of the moving rod 221, the roller 224 is installed on the cross bar 222, the cross bar 222 and the moving rod 221 are slidably matched through the roller 224, the first screw rod 225 is rotatably installed in the moving rod 221, one end of the first screw rod 225 is connected to the output end of the second moving motor 223, the cross bar 222 is threadedly connected to the first screw rod 225, and the second sensor 226 is installed at the lower end of the connecting portion 103;

[0053] The second moving motor drives the cross bar together with the fusion welding mechanism to move up and down in the vertical direction through the transmission mechanism. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism is a screw slider structure formed by the above-mentioned components.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, the third moving component 230 includes a third moving motor 231, a second screw rod 232, a slider 233 and a third sensor 234. The third moving motor 231 is installed at one end of the cross bar 222 away from the moving rod 221, the second screw rod 232 is rotatably installed in the cross bar 222, the slider 233 is slidably installed on the cross bar 222, one end of the second screw rod 232 is connected to the output end of the third moving motor 231, and the third sensor 234 is installed on the connecting part 103.

[0055] The third moving motor drives the fusion welding mechanism to move linearly in the horizontal direction through the transmission mechanism. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism is a lead screw slider structure formed by the above-mentioned components.

[0056] like Figure 2-Figure 5 As shown, the fixed assembly 240 includes a fixed guide rail 241, a guide block 242, a fixed plate 243, a placement plate 244, a positioning block 245 and a clamping block 246. The fixed guide rail 241 is installed on the upper end of the workbench 300, the guide block 242 is slidably installed on the fixed guide rail 241, the fixed plate 243 is installed on the upper end of the guide block 242, a number of placement plates 244 are provided, and all the placement plates 244 are installed on the fixed plate 243, a number of positioning blocks 245 are provided, and all the positioning blocks 245 are slidably installed on the placement plate 244, and a clamping block 246 is installed on each positioning block 245, and the clamping block 246 is made of rubber.

[0057] The fusion welding mechanism 100 includes a modulator 102, such as Figure 7As shown, the modulator 102 includes a beam expansion device 002, an energy control system 004, a reflector, a first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 011, a pulse delay device, an aspheric shaping system 014, a Dammann grating 021, an observation system 025 and a concave lens 024, and the above devices are all installed inside the modulator 102.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, the energy control system 004 includes a half glass 005 and a polarization beam splitter 006, which are installed inside the modulator 102. The observation system 025 includes a CCD 015, an aperture 016, a lens barrel and a lens 018. The CCD 015, the aperture 016, the lens barrel and the lens 019 are installed on one of the one-dimensional motion platforms 012 by a lens barrel fixing frame 017. The one-dimensional motion platform 012 is installed on a one-dimensional motion platform support 022, which is fastened to a mounting frame. The mounting frame is installed inside the modulator 102, and another set of mounting frames 023 is used to fix the concave lens 024. It also has a fixing device 008, and the fixing device 008 is used to connect and fix during part of the period.

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown, the fusion welding mechanism 100 includes a modulator 102. The laser beam 001 emitted by the laser is expanded into a new laser beam 003 by a beam expansion device 002 and then injected into an energy control system 004.

[0060] The energy control system includes a half-glass 005 and a polarization beam splitter 006. The energy can be adjusted by rotating the half-glass knob 009. The energy is reflected by the first reflector 0071 and then incident on the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 011. The reflected light is incident on the pulse delay device, and the transmitted light is incident on the second reflector 0072.

[0061] The pulse delay device includes a one-dimensional motion platform 012 mounted on a one-dimensional motion platform mounting plate 013. The one-dimensional motion platform 012 drives the third reflector 0073 to move in a one-dimensional direction to achieve the adjustment of the pulse delay.

[0062] The light after pulse delay adjustment passes through the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 011 and is incident on the fourth reflective mirror 0074;

[0063] The light reflected by the second reflector 0072 is reflected by the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 011 and then enters the fourth reflector 0074;

[0064] The fourth reflector 0074 receives the two beams of light from the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 011, and after being converged and reflected, is shaped into a flat-top beam 026 by the aspheric shaping system 014, and then enters the fifth reflector 0075 and reaches the Dammann grating 021;

[0065] The Dammann grating 021 splits the incident flat-top light beam 026 into three laser beams 026. At this time, the three laser beams 026 are in a divergent state. They are adjusted into three parallel light beams 019 by the convex lens 010 and are injected into the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 020. The emitted transmitted light is injected into the image acquisition module. The image acquisition module includes a CCD camera 015. The CCD camera 015, the aperture 016, the lens barrel and the lens 018 and the lens barrel fixing frame 017 are fixed on the one-dimensional motion platform 012, and the one-dimensional motion platform 012 controls the focusing and imaging; the emitted reflected light is injected into the concave lens 024, and after diffraction, it is injected into the laser head 104.

[0066] The working principle is:

[0067] When welding of molten welding materials is required, such as in the welding process of transparent hard and brittle materials, the staff adjusts the control panel 400 to place the laser head 104 in the welding position, and controls the motor 106 to move the laser heads 104 at both ends to a suitable distance position according to the welding requirements of the welding materials;

[0068] The irradiation angle of each laser head 104 is adjusted by the adjuster 105 so that the irradiation areas of the multiple laser heads 104 are focused. Figure 6 As shown, the melting processing area is evenly distributed, and the height of the laser head 104 is adjusted by the second moving component 220, so that the distance between the focus area and the processing material is more reasonable, thereby improving the accuracy of the fusion welding process.

[0069] During the processing, the laser beam is emitted to the modulator 102 through the laser emitter 101. The modulator 102 is provided with a plurality of angle-adjustable polarizers, beam splitters and condensers. According to the number of laser heads 104 installed, the modulator 102 modulates a plurality of laser beams, and then the modulated laser beam is connected to the laser head 104 through the connecting portion 103, so that the modulated laser beam corresponds to one laser head 104, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the laser and improving the regulation and control of the laser melting intensity, so that the laser beam intensity during the melting process is more uniform.

[0070] When welding the welding material through multiple laser heads 104, the gaps in the heat-affected zones formed by multiple laser beams on the welding material make the gaps between the parallel lines merge, and when irradiated on the welding material, a diffused area molten pool is formed, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the molten pool while increasing the size of the molten pool and reducing the generation of welding microcracks and bubbles;

[0071] At the same time, multiple parallel laser beams can allow more molten material to fill the gap, increase the contact area of ​​the weld, and improve the shear strength of the transparent hard and brittle material joints; by setting the first movable component 210, the second movable component 220, the third movable component 230 and the scanner 201, after planning the fusion welding path, the first movable component 210, the second movable component 220, and the third movable component 230 can be controlled by the control panel 400 to improve the fusion welding efficiency, and can be adjusted according to the fusion welding area to increase the welding area, save welding time, and improve the welding effect.

[0072] During the fusion welding process, according to the area to be welded between the welding materials, the area to be welded is scanned by the scanner 201, and the scanning information is transmitted to the control panel 400;

[0073] The control panel 400 processes the information obtained, performs welding path planning, and controls the combined movement of the first moving component 210, the second moving component 220 and the third moving component 230. The forward speed and distance during welding are adjusted by the first moving component 210, and the height of the laser head 104 during welding is adjusted by the second moving component 220. If the thickness of the welding material is different, the welding focus area can be adjusted to the optimal position in real time according to the thickness of the welding material. If the welding position is offset, the position of the welding focus can be adjusted in real time through the third moving component 230, so that the fusion welding focus area is always in a suitable processing position during the welding process, which further improves the fusion welding processing effect, reduces the process of manual adjustment operations, reduces the operating burden of the staff, and improves the welding accuracy.

[0074] By setting the fixing assembly 240, when fixing the molten welding material, by moving the plurality of positioning blocks 245, the clamping blocks 246 on the positioning blocks 245 clamp and fix the molten welding material, the stability of the material during the molten welding process is improved, and the welding accuracy is further improved. By adjusting the positioning blocks 245, the clamping and fixing of various materials can be achieved, and the application range of the device is improved.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, during the fixing process, the transparent materials to be welded are stacked and then clamped and fixed by the fixing component 240, so as to improve the welding stability during the processing and improve the welding effect. At the same time, according to the thickness of the transparent material, the angle, distance and focusing focus of the laser head 104 are adjusted, and the formation position of the molten pool during welding is adjusted, so that the upper and lower plate welding surfaces can be fully melted and welded during the stack welding process, thereby improving the welding accuracy and the shear strength.

[0076] like Figure 7As shown, the welding mechanism 100 includes a modulator 102. The laser beam 001 emitted by the laser is expanded into a new laser beam 003 by a beam expander 002 and then injected into an energy control system 004. The energy control system includes a half-glass 005 and a polarization beam splitter 006. The energy can be adjusted by rotating the half-glass knob. After being reflected by a reflector 007, the light is injected into a first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 011. One path of light is injected into a pulse delay device, and the pulse delay is adjusted by adjusting a one-dimensional motion platform 012. Another path of light is injected into a reflector 007. The converged light is reflected by the reflector 007 and then injected into an energy control system 004. The spherical shaping system 014 shapes the light into a flat-top beam 026, which enters the reflector 007, reaches the Dadamant grating 021, and is split into three divergent laser beams 026. The beams are adjusted into three parallel light beams 019 by the convex lens 010 and enter the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 020. Part of the light enters the CCD camera 015. The CCD camera 015, the aperture 016, the lens barrel and the lens 019 and the lens barrel fixing frame 017 are fixed on the one-dimensional motion platform 010. The one-dimensional motion platform 010 controls the focusing and imaging. Another part of the light enters the concave lens 024 and enters the laser head 104 after diffraction.

[0077] The initial laser beam 001 is shaped into a flat-top beam 026 by using an aspherical mirror shaping system 014. The flat-top beam 026 has uniform energy distribution and high utilization rate, which reduces the risk of local overheating, improves welding quality and consistency, makes the weld penetration and width more consistent, and significantly reduces pores, cracks, and surface unevenness. The laser beam is then divided into three divergent laser beams 026 by a Dammann grating, and then adjusted into three parallel beams 019 by a convex lens. After the beams are refracted by the concave lens 024, they are shot into the corresponding laser head 104.

[0078] The multi-beam mode after beam splitting greatly improves welding efficiency. Multiple beams act on the welding area at the same time, which can achieve faster welding speed and cover a larger welding area in a shorter time, significantly improving production efficiency. The device is suitable for welding needs of various materials and different thicknesses, and can provide excellent performance in various complex welding environments.

[0079] In the process of beam shaping, the laser beam is emitted into the modulator through the laser transmitter, and the Gaussian beam is modulated into a flat-top beam through the aspheric mirror system (plano-concave mirror in front and plano-convex mirror in the back). The beam passes through a specially designed plano-concave mirror, which modulates the phase distribution and propagation path of the beam through the aspheric curvature, and applies different degrees of optical path difference to different parts of the beam, thereby changing the phase of the beam.

[0080] After being modulated by a plano-concave mirror, the phase and intensity distribution of the light beam have changed, but they have not yet reached the requirements of a flat-top beam, and may diverge or converge. Subsequently, the light beam passes through a plano-convex mirror that also has a specific aspheric curvature design to further modulate the phase and propagation path of the light beam, and corrects the phase and intensity distribution of the light beam through secondary modulation to convert it into a flat-top beam. Finally, the phase and intensity distribution of the light beam are homogenized to form a flat-top beam, and the intensity distribution at the center and edge of the beam tends to be consistent, realizing the conversion from a Gaussian beam to a flat-top beam.

[0081] A flat top beam has a flat intensity distribution, which means that the laser energy is evenly distributed throughout the entire area of ​​the spot, rather than concentrated in the center. Due to the uniform distribution and high utilization of energy, a flat top beam can improve the efficiency of material processing, especially in welding applications that require large area heating.

[0082] Uniform energy distribution provides consistent energy input in the welding area, reducing the risk of overheating or burn-through, and improving welding quality and consistency. At the same time, it makes the weld penetration and width more consistent, significantly reducing pores, cracks and surface unevenness defects. In addition, the flat-top beam has concentrated and uniform energy, and the heat input is more controllable because the energy is more evenly distributed over a larger area, reducing the risk of local overheating. The process window is wide, the sensitivity to parameter changes is low, and the operation is stable and reliable, which significantly reduces common welding defects such as lack of fusion and weld nodules. With its good adaptability, it can be used for welding of various materials and thicknesses.

[0083] Based on the above advantages, the quality of the welded joint is improved. By designing and optimizing the curvature and position of the concave and convex aspheric mirrors, an efficient beam shaping system is provided, which is suitable for the field of laser welding.

[0084] At the same time, the Dammann grating used in the device is a binary phase Fourier-type beam splitting grating with a periodic microstructure. Its design is based on the precise control of the number and relative positions of the phase breakpoints to achieve phase modulation of the incident flat-top light. Through this modulation, the Dammann grating can produce three main diffraction orders in the far field, each order produces a sub-beam with uniform intensity distribution, thereby achieving uniform beam splitting from one beam to three beams, and adjusting the divergent beam to a parallel beam through a specially designed convex lens.

[0085] The beam splitting device and method have high efficiency, high spatial resolution and flexibility, and can adjust the divergence angle, direction and quantity of the output beam according to application requirements. The uniformity of the light intensity distribution of the output beam does not depend on the specific distribution of the incident light wave, and can maintain efficient beam splitting even under non-ideal flat-top light conditions. By optimizing the Dammann grating design, the number, intensity, direction and phase relationship of the output beam can be precisely controlled.

[0086] When the laser beam is split, a suitable laser beam is modulated by using a Dammann grating according to the number of installed laser heads. The modulated laser beam is connected to the laser head through a connecting part, so that the modulated laser beam corresponds to one laser head, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the laser. At the same time, the position of the focus of the welding beam can be adjusted, which improves the controllability of the laser welding intensity, enables the energy of the laser beam to be reasonably distributed, and makes the laser beam intensity more uniform during the melting process. When welding the welding material through multiple laser heads, the gaps in the heat-affected zones formed by multiple laser beams on the welding material make the gaps between the parallel lines merge. When irradiating the welding material, a diffused area molten pool is formed, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the molten pool while increasing the size of the molten pool, and reducing the generation of welding microcracks and bubbles. At the same time, multiple parallel laser beams can fill the gaps with more molten material, increase the contact area of ​​the weld, and improve the shear strength of the joints of transparent hard and brittle materials.

[0087] The light beam is divided into two beams by using a semi-transparent and semi-reflective beam, and one of the beams is delayed by a pulse after passing through a reflector. By controlling the electrically controlled one-dimensional motion platform and adjusting the position of the reflector, the delay time of the two pulses can be precisely controlled to adjust the absorption efficiency of the second pulse. The pulse delay allows the energy input of each pulse and the time interval between the two pulses to be controlled, thereby precisely controlling the total heat input of the welding point;

[0088] The first pulse is the main pulse, and the second pulse is the base pulse. The main pulse preheats the material and forms an initial molten pool. The base pulse arrives before the material is completely cooled to complete the welding, which can increase the welding speed without sacrificing the welding quality. Pulse delay can improve the formation of the weld. The base pulse can arrive before the defects caused by the main pulse are formed, filling and smoothing the weld. Adjusting the pulse delay can control the thermal stress in the welding process and reduce welding deformation, which is especially suitable for welding thin plate materials. Pulse train welding can continuously provide two energy pulses in a very short time to improve production efficiency. The microstructure and material properties of the weld are optimized by controlling the cooling rate. Different materials can achieve the best welding effect by adjusting the pulse delay. Accurately control the pulse delay to reduce cracks and pores caused by rapid cooling. More effectively use the laser energy and optimize the response of each pulse according to the material. Pulse delay increases the flexibility and adjustability of the process, and the operation steps are simple, which is easy to realize industrial application. To achieve pulse train welding, a precise control system is required to control the laser's pulse energy, pulse width, pulse interval, repetition frequency and other parameters, so as to achieve efficient, high-quality welding effects and energy utilization.

[0089] By using an aspherical mirror shaper to shape the Gaussian laser beam into a flat-top beam, and further combining a Dammann grating to split the shaped beam into three beams, the combination of this light field modulation technology has significant improvements and advantages over single flat-top light or single beam splitting technology. The aspherical mirror shaper converts the Gaussian laser beam into a flat-top beam, significantly improving the uniformity of the beam energy distribution, thereby ensuring uniform and stable heat input during welding and effectively reducing weld defects; while a single flat-top beam improves the uniformity of the beam, its welding efficiency and coverage area are limited.

[0090] The Dammann grating divides the shaped flat-top beam into three beams, so that multiple beams act on the welding area at the same time, further improving the welding efficiency, achieving faster welding speed and larger welding coverage area. Compared with the single beam splitting technology, the energy distribution of each sub-beam obtained by directly splitting the Gaussian beam is uneven, resulting in inconsistent welding quality. The beam splitting technology combined with the flat-top light ensures that the energy and shape of each sub-beam are consistent, improving the stability and consistency of welding quality;

[0091] In addition, this combined technology not only improves welding efficiency, but also enhances the precise control of heat input, effectively reduces the heat-affected zone, reduces material deformation and stress concentration, and improves the mechanical properties of welded joints. Compared with single flat-top light or beam splitting technology, the combined technology provides better thermal management and quality control capabilities while achieving efficient welding. By improving welding efficiency and quality, the need for subsequent processing and repair is reduced, thereby reducing the overall manufacturing cost, extending the service life of lasers and optical devices, and significantly reducing equipment maintenance costs. The combination of aspheric mirror shapers and flat-top beam Dammann grating beam splitting technology has shown significant comprehensive advantages in laser welding applications. It not only significantly improves welding efficiency and quality, but also achieves more precise and stable heat input control. It has broad application prospects and significant economic benefits. Compared with single flat-top light or beam splitting technology, it has higher practical value and technical advantages.

[0092] Self-scanning controllable path welding is adopted. During the fusion welding process, according to the area to be welded between the welding materials, the area to be welded is scanned by a scanner, and the scanning information is transmitted to the control panel. The control panel processes the information obtained, performs welding path planning, and controls the combined movement of the first moving component, the second moving component and the third moving component. The forward speed and distance during the welding process are adjusted by the first moving component, and the height of the laser head during the welding process is adjusted by the second moving component. If the thickness of the welding material is different, the welding focus area can be adjusted to the best position in real time according to the thickness of the welding material. If the welding position is offset, the position of the welding focus can be adjusted in real time through the third moving component, so that the fusion welding focus area is always in a suitable processing position during the welding process, further improving the fusion welding processing effect, reducing the process of manual adjustment operation, reducing the operating burden of the staff, and improving the welding accuracy at the same time;

[0093] By setting the first moving component, the second moving component, the third moving component and the scanner, after planning the welding path, the first moving component, the second moving component and the third moving component can be regulated by the control panel to improve the welding efficiency, and can be adjusted according to the welding area to increase the welding area and save welding time. It is also possible to import manually drawn welding path diagrams, and by importing the drawn CAD diagrams, any customized welding path can be realized, which can efficiently achieve the expected effect.

[0094] CCD cameras are used to monitor welding in real time. CCD cameras can capture the light spot and welding effect in real time during the welding process, provide instant feedback, and allow operators to immediately identify and correct welding defects such as pores, cracks, and unfused areas, thereby improving welding quality; the high-resolution and precise positioning function of CCD cameras ensures accurate positioning during the welding process and reduces deviations and errors; after integration with the automation system, CCD cameras can automatically adjust welding parameters, optimize the welding process, and ensure consistent welding quality; at the same time, by analyzing the image data captured by the CCD camera, welding quality can be evaluated, quality control can be implemented, and data can be recorded and stored for subsequent analysis and traceability, which is convenient for process improvement, quality assurance, and troubleshooting; in addition, CCD cameras automatically monitor and detect problems in the welding process, reduce reliance on manual visual inspection, and improve production efficiency and consistency; real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of welding parameters can reduce downtime and rework, improve welding efficiency and productivity, and significantly improve the controllability and accuracy of the overall welding process.

[0095] A multi-degree-of-freedom positioning fixture is used. By setting a fixing component, when fixing the molten welding material, by moving multiple positioning blocks, the clamping blocks on the positioning blocks clamp and fix the molten welding material, the stability of the material during the molten welding process is improved, and the welding accuracy is further improved. By adjusting the positioning blocks, a variety of materials can be clamped and fixed, and the scope of application of the device is improved; at the same time, during the fixing process, the transparent materials to be molten are stacked, and then clamped and fixed by the fixing components, which improves the stability of the molten welding during the processing process and improves the molten welding effect. At the same time, according to the thickness of the transparent material, by adjusting the angle, distance and focusing focus of the laser head, the formation position of the molten pool during molten welding is adjusted, so that the upper and lower plate welding surfaces can be fully molten and welded during the stacking process, the welding accuracy is improved, and the shear strength is improved.

[0096] Embodiment 2:

[0097] A working method of a parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device comprises the following steps:

[0098] Fix the material to be welded, and adjust the position and irradiation angle of the laser head;

[0099] The modulator is started, and a corresponding number of light beams are modulated according to the number of laser heads, and the multiple groups of light beams are parallel to each other, and the multiple groups of light beams are simultaneously irradiated to the processing area of ​​the material to be processed;

[0100] The mobile mechanism moves to perform parallel laser welding.

[0101] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device, characterized in that: It includes a workbench and a moving mechanism, wherein the workbench is used to carry the material to be processed, and the moving mechanism drives the fusion welding mechanism to realize lifting movement and forward and backward movement and left and right movement on the horizontal plane; The fusion welding mechanism is used to perform laser welding and has at least one set of laser heads, and the laser beam generated by the laser transmitter is sent into the laser head through the modulator; In the modulator, the laser beam generated by the laser transmitter passes through the beam expander, energy control system, reflector and the first semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror in sequence. One of the light beams is emitted into the pulse delay device driven by the one-dimensional motion platform to adjust the pulse delay. The other light beam is shaped into a flat-top beam by the aspheric shaping system after reflection and convergence, and is split into multiple parallel beams by the Dammann grating and convex lens. After passing through the second semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror, part of the light is emitted into the image acquisition module driven by the one-dimensional motion platform to control focusing and imaging, and the other part of the light is emitted into the laser head after passing through the concave lens and diffraction.

2. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the workbench is provided with a fixing component for clamping the material to be processed, the fixing component includes a fixed guide rail connected to the upper surface of the workbench, a slidably connected guide block is provided on the fixed guide rail, the top end of the guide block is connected to the lower bottom surface of the fixed plate, the upper top surface of the fixed plate is connected to the placement plate, and a plurality of positioning blocks are slidably connected to the upper surface of the placement plate, each positioning block is provided with a clamping block, and the clamping block is used to clamp and fix the material to be processed.

3. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism comprises a second moving component driving the fusion welding mechanism to realize lifting movement, a first moving component driving the fusion welding mechanism to realize forward and backward movement on a horizontal plane, and a third moving component moving left and right.

4. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The first moving component includes a moving rail arranged on one side of the workbench, and the moving cabinet is arranged along the front and rear direction of the horizontal plane. The moving rail is slidably connected to a moving block, and the moving block is connected to a moving rod of the second moving component. The first moving motor drives the transmission mechanism to make the moving block, the second moving component and the welding mechanism slide linearly along the moving rail.

5. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The second moving assembly includes a vertically arranged moving rod, the bottom end of which is connected to the moving block of the first moving assembly, and a second moving motor is provided at the top. The moving rod is movably connected to a horizontally arranged cross bar, and a movably connected welding mechanism is provided on the cross bar. The second moving motor drives the cross bar together with the welding mechanism to move up and down in the vertical direction through a transmission mechanism.

6. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The third moving assembly includes a third moving motor arranged at one end of the crossbar of the second moving assembly. The third moving motor drives the fusion welding mechanism to move linearly in the horizontal direction through the transmission mechanism.

7. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fusion welding mechanism includes a laser emitter movably connected in the moving mechanism. The laser beam emitted by the laser emitter is transmitted to the laser head through a modulator. One side of the modulator is connected to the laser emitter, and the other side is connected to the adjustment motor through a connecting part. The laser head has at least one group, and the adjustment motor drives the laser head corresponding to each adjuster to change the irradiation angle by driving multiple adjusters.

8. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom end of the connecting portion is also provided with a scanner for acquiring image information irradiated by the laser head onto the surface of the material to be processed.

9. A parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy control system comprises a half glass slide and a polarization beam splitter. By rotating the half glass slide, the polarization direction of the laser is adjusted, the intensity distribution of the transmitted light and the reflected light is changed, and energy regulation is achieved.

10. A working method based on the parallel multi-beam pulse laser welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Fix the material to be welded, and adjust the position and irradiation angle of the laser head; The modulator is started, and a corresponding number of light beams are modulated according to the number of laser heads, and the multiple groups of light beams are parallel to each other, and the multiple groups of light beams are irradiated to the processing area of ​​the material to be processed at the same time; The mobile mechanism moves to perform parallel laser welding.

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